Tiêu chuẩn iso 16260 2016

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

ISO
16260
First edition
2016-06-01

Corrected version
2016-06-01

Paper and board — Determination of
internal bond strength
Papier et carton — Détermination de la force de cohésion interne

Reference number
ISO 16260:2016(E)
I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

© ISO 2016


ISO 16260:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f

the requester.

ISO copyright o ffice

Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47

www.iso.org

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© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved


ISO 16260:2016(E)

Contents

Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. v
1
Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2

Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3
Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4
Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
5
Apparatus and technical data ................................................................................................................................................................. 2

5.1
5.2

Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Technical data .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2.1 Instrument/pendulum ranges ............................................................................................................................. 4
5.2.2 Aluminium platen/anvil ............................................................................................................................................ 4
5.2.3 Pendulum ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2.4 Adhesive tape ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.5 Test piece ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6
Sampling........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
7
Conditioning.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
8
Preparation of test assemblies .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
9
Calibration .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
10
Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
11

Expression of results ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
12
Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Annex A (normative) Maintenance and calibration ............................................................................................................................. 9
Annex B (informative) Precision ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Annex C (informative) Verification o f device compliance with a standard ............................................................... 13
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

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ISO 16260:2016(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to con formity

assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary in formation
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.

This corrected version o f ISO 16260:2016 replaces the entire text o f the erroneously published version

dated 2015-06-01.

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ISO 16260:2016(E)

Introduction
Pap er a nd b o ard s he e ts may, duri ng pri nti ng , convers ion or s p e ci fic pro duc t app l ic ation s , b e s ubj e c te d
to i mpu l s e s , i mp ac ts or sho ck lo ad s o f s u fficient magn itude to c au s e s tr uc tu ra l

fai lu re .

C om mon ly

observed in-plane structural failures include surface picking, blistering and interior delimitation.
This International Standard describes one method for determining the internal bond strength of
a product of pulp, paper or board. There are other published methods[4][8] for determining “Z” or
th ickne s s d i re c tion ten s i le s treng th, but i n th i s me tho d, the dela m i nati ng

force

i s appl ie d at a rate ver y

much h igher than i n o ther me tho d s . T h i s me tho d may, there fore, b e pre ferre d

performance under printing or converting conditions.

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for

pre d ic ti ng she e t

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO 16260:2016(E)

Paper and board — Determination of internal bond
strength
1 Scope
T h i s I nternationa l Sta nda rd de s c rib e s a me tho d to me as u re the energ y re qui re d to rapid ly del am i nate
a te s t pie ce o f p ap er or b o ard . Rup ture o f the te s t pie ce i n the “Z ” or th ickne s s d i re c tion i s i n iti ate d b y a
p endu lu m havi ng a defi ne d ma s s , movi ng at a defi ne d velo city.

T he pro ce dure i s s u itable

for

b o th s i ngle - and mu lti-ply p ap ers a nd b o ard s , i nclud i ng co ate d s he e ts

and tho s e that are l am i nate d with s ynthe tic p olymer fi l m s . I t i s p ar tic u la rly s u itable
b o ard s that may b e s ubj e c te d to z- d i re c tion

for

p ap ers and

[4][8] rapid impacts, impulses or shock loads during printing

or conversion.
The test procedure entails the adherence of double-sided adhesive tape to both sides of the test piece
u nder pre s s u re . For th i s re a s on, the me tho d may b e un s u itable

for

materia l s that m ight b e s truc tu ra l ly

damage d b y compre s s ion or a re p orou s enough to p erm it m igration o f the tap e ad he s ive i nto or th rough

the test piece.

2 Normative references
T he

fol lowi ng

i nd i s p en s able

do c u ments , i n whole or i n p ar t, are normatively re ference d i n th i s do c u ment a nd are

for

its

appl ic ation .

For date d re ference s ,

on ly the

e d ition

cite d appl ie s .

For u ndate d

re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d do c u ment (i nclud i ng any amend ments) appl ie s .

ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples

EN 755-2:2013,

Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles — Part 2:

Mechanical properties

3 Terms and definitions
For the pu r p o s e s o f th i s do c u ment, the

fol lowi ng

3.1
internal bond strength
average p o tenti a l energ y, expre s s e d a s J/m

conditions of the test

N o te 1

to entr y:

term s and defi n ition s apply.

2 of surface, required to delaminate a test piece under the

T he re s u lt i s the d i fference o f the p o tenti a l energ y b e fore a nd the rem a i n i ng energ y a fter

delaminating the test piece.
3.2
test assembly

test piece, laminated between two pieces of double-sided adhesive tape, with the bottom side of the
lower tape adhered to a rigid metal anvil and the upper side of the upper tape adhered to an “L”-shaped
aluminium platen

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ISO 16260:2016(E)

4 Principle
A square test piece is adhered to a flat metal anvil by means o f double-sided adhesive tape. An “L”-shaped

aluminium platen with the same surface area as the test piece is then adhered to the upper surface of the
secured in position and a pendulum allowed to impact the upper inside surface of the platen, causing it
to rotate about its outside corner, splitting the test piece in the “Z” or thickness direction (see Figure 2).

test piece, again, using double-sided adhesive tape. The assembly is shown in Figure 1 . The assembly is

The energy absorbed in rupturing the test piece is calculated from the measurement o f the subsequent
over-swing o f the pendulum and the known masses and dimensions o f the system components.
3
1

Key

1
2
3
4

test piece
double-sided adhesive tape
aluminium platen
metal anvil
Figure 1 — Components of a test assembly

1

Key

1 pendulum strike point and direction
Figure 2 — Pendulum to anvil strike point

Precision data are provided in Annex B.

Verification o f the measuring instrument compliance using an impact device is described in Annex C.

5 Apparatus and technical data
5.1 Apparatus
5.1.1

Device

for

the

preparation

of

the

test

assembly,

with the dimensions

25,4 mm ± 0,2 mm × 25,4 mm ± 0,2 mm for testing by pressing the components o f the test assembly
together at a controlled pressure for a controlled time. During the pressure cycle, the aluminium platen
(5.1.4) should be securely clamped in position to prevent flexing.
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ISO 16260:2016(E)
NOTE

Most commercially available preparation stations are capable o f simultaneously preparing five test

assemblies.

Ensure that the test instrument is levelled in the front–back and left–right directions and the pendulum
is horizontal when in the latched position.
5.1.2

Pendulum, mounted on a pedestal by means o f a horizontal spindle supported on low- friction

bearings. The pendulum shall be free to rotate from a horizontal position through at least 180°. At its free
end, the pendulum carries a metal striker ball which contacts the inside face of the aluminium platen
on the test assembly when the pendulum reaches the vertical position. To minimize energy losses due
to vibration, the centre o f gravity o f the pendulum should be at the point o f impact o f the striker ball

with the aluminium platen. There should be no looseness in the construction of pendulums that have
augmented weight assemblies.

5.1.3

A means for securing the pendulum in a horizontal position,

vibration-free release.

with provision for a rapid,

5.1.4 Test assembly, is formed from a stationary anvil (base) and a separable aluminium platen that is

a right angle in cross section together with the test piece and adhesive tape (see Figure 1).

Anvils intended for use in multiple test piece preparation stations should be indelibly marked to ensure
that they are always placed in the same position in the preparation station. The test assembly is securely

held in position so that the pendulum strikes the centre of percussion of the aluminium platen when the
axis of rotation is at the outside corner of the right angle of the platen (see Figure 2).

5.1.5 A means of registering the peak angular swing of the pendulum after impact with the test
assembly.
5.1.6 A means to convert the peak angular swing of the pendulum to an internal bond strength
value. Commonly employed methods include optical encoder computer and mechanical scale/friction

pointer.

An optional means to extend the range of the instrument. This may be achieved by fitting
pendulums o f di fferent masses, or by adding augmenting weights to the pendulum, or reducing the
surface area o f the test piece by an amount not exceeding 50 %. The user o f this International Standard
should consult the manu facturer o f the test instrument regarding the installation and verification o f such
options. Any such modifications to the instrument shall be included in the test report.

5.1.7

5.1.8

Device suitable for cutting strips of the test material 25,4 mm ± 0,2

5.1.9

Knife or multi-blade cutting device , for separating test assemblies prepared in a multi-station

su fficient length to mount in the test assembly preparation device.

mm (5.2.5) wide and of

test assembly preparation device.

5.1.10 Double-sided adhesive paper tape , with a creped release liner (see 5.2.4).
5.1.11 Solvent, suitable for removing adhesive residue from the anvils and aluminium platens.

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ISO 16260:2016(E)
5.2 Technical data
5.2.1

Instrument/pendulum ranges
Table 1 — Instrument and pendulum ranges

Range 0
Measuring range (J/m 2 ) (recommendation,

otherwise, manufacturers’ instructions)
Corresponds to Scott-Bond (SB) scale.
Pendulum length, L , (mm), to ±0,2 mm
Reduced pendulum length a, Lred, (mm)
Mass of pendulum ±4 g
Tolerance range potential energya
Potential Energy (Nm) calculated from

50 to 400

Range 1
SB low
100 to 600

Range 2
SB high
200 to 1 200

Range 3
300 to 2 400

228,6
130 to 140
133

0,29 to 0,31

Low-range
0 to 525
228,6
145 to 170
190
0,41 to 0,44

High-range
210 to 1 050
228,6
170 to 190
380
0,84 to 0,88

228,6
180 to 200
760
1,60 to 1,72

m× g× h

a The decisive factor is the potential energy that is stored in the pendulum at the start o f the test. Once the pendulum
is released, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the pendulum impacts the aluminium platen. The

determination of the reduced pendulum length serves as a fast check-up of the device’s condition. A more accurate
examination is possible by applying the method described in 5.2.3 (reduced pendulum length, Lred ).

5.2.2

Aluminium platen/anvil

Aluminium platen:
Alloy EN AW 6060 T66 (AlMgSi0,5 F 22) according to EN 755-2:2013, Table 38.
Devices where the alloy, used for the platen, cannot be identified, only original aluminium platen

shall be used.
NOTE

“Newer” devices have a marking on the platen that identifies the alloy used. This is not the case for

“old” devices.

Compensation: The scales of the Scott-Bond devices contain a compensation that takes account
o f the original alloy o f the platen. I f the alloy is changed, the compensation used may not be
appropriate and this would lead to erroneous values being obtained. This correction factor is not
applicable for digital devices.
Surface: Surface roughness: Rz ≤ 3,8 µm[1][2]
Mass of an aluminium platen: (11,3 ± 0,2) g
Wear and tear: Replacement a fter 10 000 measurements or when there are significant traces o f

deformation or pendulum markings.
Anvil:
Sur face roughness: Rz ≤ 3,8 µm[1][2]

5.2.3

Pendulum

Pendulum point of impact onto the aluminium platen: Centred on the anvil and (21 ± 0,2) mm from the
aluminium platen’s lower edge without a sample and without adhesive tape.
Quality o f the pendulum bearing: Energy loss when freely oscillating <1 %.

Pendulum length: (228,6 ± 0,2) mm, measured as indicated in Figure 3.
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© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved


ISO 16260:2016(E)

1

Key

1 distance between contact point and centre of pendulum rotation, 228,6 mm ± 0,2 mm
2 contact point for m(90°) total mass at 90° deflection
3 centre of rotation
Figure 3 — Reduced pendulum length, Lred

This calculation determines the position of the centre mass on the centreline of the pendulum shaft.
It is determined by measuring the average period, ts , o f one oscillation. Deflect the pendulum ≤3 and
measure the time for at least 10 oscillations to get a reliable average. Calculate Lred according to
Formula (1):
2

t 

Lred =  s  × g
 2π 
 

(1)

where
ts
g

5.2.4

is the average period of one oscillation (s);
is the acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2 ).
Adhesive tape

The adhesive tape shall be according to:
Finat FTM1 = 15 N/(25,4 mm ± 0,2)
NOTE 1

ASTM D 3330/D3330M-0,4 (2010) (= 56 N/100 mm) is used by many, but the specification does not

give the same precision as the FINAT method.

NOTE 2

—

In the list below, examples o f tapes are given that fulfil the above requirements:
Nitto P-50 TM1) ;

— Tesa tesafix 4961TM1) ;
— 3M TM1) type 410 M.

The customer and supplier should agree which adhesive tape, o f those fulfilling the above requirement,

is to be used.
5.2.5

Test piece

The test piece size shall be 25,4 mm ± 0,2 mm edge length
1) This information is given for the convenience of user of this International Standard and does not constitute an
endorsement by ISO o f these products.

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ISO 16260:2016(E)

6 Sampling

If tests are being made to evaluate a lot, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 186. If the
f
f
sample received.

te s ts a re made on ano ther typ e o

s a mple, ma ke s u re that the s p e ci men s ta ken a re repre s entative o

the

7 Conditioning

Conditioning shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 187.
8 Preparation of test assemblies

From each test specimen, cut strips (25,4 ± 0,2) mm (see 5.2.5
preparation device in use.

8.1

NO TE

) wide o f s u fficient length to fit the

C om merc i a l l y ava i l ab le prep a ration s tatio n s typic a l l y re qu i re s tr ip s 14 0 m m to 178 m m lon g.

H and le the s trip s b y the ex treme end s on ly a nd d i s c a rd a ny that exh ibit c re a s e s , wri n kle s or o ther

abnormalities.

Load the preparation station with adhesive tape, test strip, anvils and platens in accordance with
f
f
residue from previous tests.

8.2

the manu facturer’ s ins tructio ns , ens uring that the anvils and p latens are

8.3

ree

O p erate the p rep aratio n s tatio n s o as to ap p ly o ne o f the p res s ures b elo w

ro m adhes ive and fib re

fo r

the s p ecified p erio d.

For s ome materi a l s , it may b e ne ce s s ar y to u s e a d i fferent pre s s u re and pre s s i ng p erio d .

Low — (400 ± 13) kPa
Medium — (690 ± 20) kPa
High — (1 035 ± 34) kPa
The pressing period for these is 3 s ± 0,5 s.
For rough and/or compressible boards (e.g. core boards), pressure 400 kPa and pressing period
15 s ± 1 s is used.
Pressure:

T he pre s s ure and the pre s s i ng p erio d s hou ld b e agre e d b e twe en the buyer and s el ler.

8.4

Us e a kni fe o r inb uilt cutting device to s ep arate the individual tes t as s emb lies . I f neces s ary, trim

the edges o f the tes t p iece/tap e s andwich to remove any overlap .

9 Calibration

Calibrate the preparation station and the test instrument at required intervals in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and/or the procedures given in Annex A.
10 Procedure
10.1

C arry out the tests under the same atmos pheric co nditio ns as tho s e used to co nditio n the tes t pieces .

10.2

Select an instrument range appropriate for the material being tested.

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ISO 16260:2016(E)

Latch the pendulum in the horizontal position. On instruments with mechanical indication, ensure
that the pointer is swung in a direction opposite to that of the swing of the pendulum at the time of
impact until it comes to rest against the pendulum latch pin.
10.3

10.4

Take the firs t tes t as s emb ly, co ns is ting o f an anvil, tes t p iece/tap e s andwich, and aluminium p laten,

and p lace it in p o s itio n in the p endulum s trike zo ne. S ecure the tes t as s emb ly firmly in p o s itio n us ing the
fixtures p rovided.

10.5

Operate the pendulum release mechanism and allow the pendulum to strike the aluminium platen,

rup turing the tes t p iece. I f p o s s ib le, cap ture the p laten to p revent damage to it by co ntact with hard
o b j ects .

10.6

E xamine

10.7

N o te the tes t value. I f ap p ro p riate, re- latch the p endulum, remove the tes t as s emb ly and res et the

10.8

M ake at leas t five tes ts in each p rincip al directio n o f the tes t material.

10.9

I f tap e to metal p eel is o b s erved with s amp les o f high internal b o nd s trength, it may b e neces s ary to

b o th

s ur faces

o f any tes t p iece

rup ture.

D is card

res ults

o f tes ts

that exhib it p artial

delamination, tape to tape bonding, tape show-through or tape to metal peel at the leading edge of the
rupture.
instrument for the next test.

increase the clamping pressure to 1 035 kPa. Care shall be taken to ensure that there is no tape bonding
or show through of tape at either of the rupture surfaces following the test piece rupture.
11 Expression of results
11.1

Fo r each directio n tes ted, calculate the mean value o f internal b o nd s trength to three s ignificant

figures .

11.2

Fo r each directio n tes ted, calculate the s tandard deviatio n o r co e fficient o f variatio n o f res ults to

two s ignificant figures .

NOTE Comparisons of test data from the mechanical Scott Internal Bond Tester with data from later
electronic versions pose two problems. First, the upper and lower ranges on earlier instruments that use
removable weights to increase the range of the pendulum do not agree. The weight additions shift the pendulum’s
f
ff
later, electronic instruments use an extrapolated lower range scale when extending the range of the instrument.
While correlations and agreement with low range scale (without additional pendulum weights) data are
straightforward, it is not possible to correlate electronic instrument test results with data taken on a mechanical
centre o

p erc u s s ion , thereb y, a

e c ti n g b o th its ra nge a nd i ntern a l vib ratio n a l lo s s e s . To co r re c t th i s pro b lem ,

i n s tr u ment th at i s i n the h igh ra n ge co n figu ratio n .

[11]

12 Test report

The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 16260;
b) the date and place of testing;
c)

a l l the i n formation ne ce s s ar y

for

comple te identi fication o f the s ample;

d)

the typ e o f i n s tr u ment u s e d;

e)

the temp eratu re a nd relative hu m id ity u s e d

for

the te s t;

f) the number of test pieces tested in each direction;
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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ISO 1 62 60: 2 01 6(E)

g) the pressure used in preparing the test assemblies, in kPa;

h) the time that pressure was applied in s;
i)

the typ e o f tap e u s e d;

j)

the arith me tic me an re s u lts , as c a lc u late d i n

k)

the s tand ard devi ation s or co e ffic ients o f variation, as c a lc u late d i n

l)

any

deviation s

from

the

pro ce du re

11.1;

de s crib e d

in

th i s

11.2;

I nternationa l

Standard

that

may

h ave

i n fluence d the re s u lts .

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© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved


ISO 16260:2016(E)

Annex A

(normative)
Maintenance and calibration

A.1 Test assembly preparation station
A.1.1

I ns p ect the aluminium p laten(s ) . They s hall b e

C o ntact s ur faces s hall b e flat and edges

faces

free fro m

free fro m

dents , s cratches and adhes ive res idue.

b urrs . Veri fy that the dimens io ns o f the tap e co ntact

are (2 5 , 4 ± 0 , 2 ) mm × (2 5 , 4 ± 0 , 2 ) mm. The p hys ical p ro p erties o f aluminium di ffer

fo r

di fferent

alloys , thus , a ffecting the co e fficient o f res titutio n b etween the aluminium p laten(s ) and the s teel s p here
imp act p o int o n the p endulum. Us e the alloy s p ecified in

A.1.2

5.2.2.

Us e a lo ad cell, p res s ure gauge o r o ther s uitab le device to veri fy that any device emp loyed to

8.3.

p rep are the tes t as s emb ly can ap p ly a p res s ure acco rding to

A

.

2



P

e

n

d

u

l

u

m

a

n

d



a

s

s

o

c

i

a

t
e

d

f
i

x

t
u

r

e

s

D u ri ng the te s t, the p o tenti a l energ y o f the p endu lu m i s d i s tribute d i n s evera l ways a s

a)

energ y to r up tu re the te s t pie ce;

b)

energ y i n the p endu lu m exce s s s wi ng;

fol lows:

c) frictional losses proportional to the excess swing;
d) vibrational losses due to pendulum construction;

e)

energ y to move the a lu m i n ium platen .

A.2.1 Ensure that the pendulum spindle is horizontal and the bearings are maintained according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
A.2.2

D etermine

the

mas s

of

the

p endulum

by

weighing

or

re ference

to

the

manu facturer’ s

s p ecificatio ns .

A.2.3

I n the cas e o f p endulums

A.2.4

Veri fy that the p endulum is ho rizo ntal when held in the latched p o s itio n and that the releas e

movement between components.

fab ricated fro m

multip le co mp o nents , veri fy that there is no relative

o p erates s mo o thly witho ut imp arting any upward dis p lacement to the p endulum o n releas e.

A.2.5
through

A.2.6

Veri fy that the instrument is equipped with mechanical or electronic means to subtract energy loss

friction,

vibration and moving the aluminium platen

from

I ns truments in current us e calculate energy lo s s es

the total energy lo st during the test.

fro m

meas urements o f p endulum angular

displacement and constants such as the pendulum mass and centre of mass location. Angular

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

9


ISO 1 62 60: 2 01 6(E)

displacement is determined by a mechanical friction pointer or now more commonly by an optical

encoder.

Ideally, the instrument should be verified by independent measurement o f the pendulum displacement
and calculation, comparing the calculated values o f internal bond strength with those indicated by the

instrument. In practice, the average user may not have the required equipment available.
An alternative calibration system o ffered by some equipment manu facturers consists o f sets o f metal
weights o f various sizes and a mounting fixture designed to replace the normal test assembly. A weight
is placed in the fixture and struck by the pendulum. The indicated value o f internal bond strength
from the instrument is compared with the value assigned to the weight by the manu facturer. Such
verification systems, which imply the existence o f a master instrument, are usually specific to one

maker of instrument.

10

I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved


ISO 16260:2016(E)

Annex B

(informative)
Precision
B.1 General

The precision statement was obtained from a round robin test that was conducted over the months of
f
f
f
f
The results are as follows.

June th r u S ep temb er 2 01 2 u s i ng

ou r grade s o

p ap erb o a rd a nd a u n i orm s ource o

E ach lab orator y wa s i n s truc te d to ru n 10 te s ts on e ach s ample

for

double - s ide d tap e .

b o th mach i ne and cro s s -mach i ne

directions for a total of 20 test results per sample.
The tests were run at the (medium) pressure 690 kPa ± 20 kPa and pressure time 3 s (see 8.3).
Sample A: Manila envelope stock, 108 g/m2 , pulp – virgin kraft.
Sample B: Liner board, 205 g/m2 , pulp – virgin kraft.
S ample C : C o ate d c yl i nder b o ard, 3 8 4 g/m

2

, pu lp – re c ycle d old news pri nt.

Sample D: Coated folding box board, 303 g/m2 , pulp – unbleached sulphate.
B.2 Results

The data are presented in Tables B.1 and B.2.
The calculations were made according to ISO/TR 24498 [5] and TAPPI T 1200 [9] .
T he rep e atabi l ity s ta ndard deviation rep or te d i s the “p o ole d” rep e atabi l ity s tandard deviation, th at

is, the standard deviation is calculated as the root-mean-square of the standard deviations of the
[3] .
ff
f
f
p a r ticip ati ng lab oratorie s . T h i s d i

ers

rom the conventiona l defi n ition o

rep e atabi l ity i n I S O 5 7 2 5 -1

T he rep e atabi l ity a nd repro duc ibi l ity l i m its rep or te d a re e s ti mate s o f the ma xi mu m d i fference wh ich

should be expected in 19 of 20 instances, when comparing two test results for material similar to those
de s c rib e d u nder s i m i la r te s t cond ition s . T he s e e s ti mate s may no t b e va l id

for

d i fferent materia l s or

d i fferent te s t cond ition s . Rep e atabi l ity and repro duc ibi l ity l i m its a re c a lc u late d b y mu ltiplyi ng the
rep e atabi l ity and repro ducibi l ity s tandard devi ation s b y 2 ,7 7.

NO TE 1
H owe ver,

T he rep e atab i l ity s ta nda rd de vi atio n a nd the with i n-l ab orator y s ta nd a rd de vi ation a re identic a l .

the

repro duc ib i l ity

s ta nd a rd

de vi atio n

is

NO T

the

s a me

as

the

b e twe en-l ab o rato rie s

s ta nd a rd

de viation . T he rep ro duc ib i l ity s ta nd a rd de vi atio n i nclude s b o th the b e twe en-l ab orato r ie s s ta nda rd de vi ation
a nd the s ta nda rd de vi atio n with i n a l ab o rator y, a s

2

s repeatability

=

2

s within lab

but

2

fol lows:

s reproducibility

=

2

s within lab

2
+ s between
lab

NOTE 2 2,77 = 1,96 2 provided that the test results have a normal distribution and that the standard
deviation, s, is based on a large number of tests.

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

11


ISO 16260:2016(E)

Table B.1 — Estimation of the repeatability
Sample

Number of
laboratories

A
B
C
D

7
10
10
10

Mean internal
bond strength

J/m2

539
389

160
157

Repeatability
standard deviation

C

o

e

f

f
i

c

i

e

n

t


o

variation

sr
J/m 2
65,5
33,3
17,2
10,4

f


C V,r
%
12,2
8,6
10,8
6,6

Repeatability
limit

r
J/m 2
182,0
92,3
47,7
28,8

Table B.2 — Estimation of the reproducibility

Sample

Number of
laboratories

Mean internal
bond strength

7
10
10
10

J/m2
539
389
160
157

A
B
C
D

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I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

Reproducibility
standard deviation

sR
J/m 2
85,0
41,2
21,1
17,9

C

o

e

f

f
i

c

i

e

n

t

variation

C V,R
%
15,8
10,6
13,2
11,4

o

f


Reproducibility
limit

R
J/m 2
235,6
114,2
58,5
49,6

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved


ISO 16260:2016(E)

Annex C

(informative)
V
e

r

i

f
i

c

a

t
i

o

n



o

f

d

e

v
i

c

e



c

o

m

p

l

i

a

n

c

e



w
i

t
h



a



s

t
a

n

d

a

r
d

An impact device for checking the standard is shown in the form of a drawing in Figure C.1 and in the
form of a photograph in Figure C.2
such that, at the centre of percussion, the tip of the pendulum bob strikes the centre of the circle at 0°
. P re - defi ne d c yl i nd ric a l mas s pie ce s are p o s itione d i n the device

defle c tion . T h i s ab s orb s the p endu lum energ y wh ich the i mp ac t then tra n s fers to the te s t pie ce .

Figure C.1 — Impact device with a cylindrical mass piece in 3D

Figure C.2 — Mounted impact device with a cylindrical mass piece and pendulum bob
For device s

from

d i fferent ma nu fac tu rers , there i s an adap ter that en s u re s that the c yl i nd rica l mas s

pie ce s wi l l b e rel i ably s truck i n the centre b y the p endu lu m b ob at 0 ° defle c tion . T he te s t pie ce s are
avai lable i n gradation s o f 10 g , the weight b ei ng de term i ne d b y the leng th o f the c yl i nder.

Si m i la r p endu lu m de s ign s s ha l l s upply the s a me va lue s when the s ame ma s s pie ce s are s truck. T h i s

circumstance gives rise to the values in Table C.1
range 1 and measuring range 2.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

wh ich,

for

phys ic a l re as on s , d i ffer

for

me a s u ri ng

13


ISO 16260:2016(E)

Identical results of measurement will never be obtained when the same material is tested in two
measuring ranges.
Table C.1 — Table of values for measuring ranges 1 and 2
Test piece weight

g
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

130
140
150
160
180
200
220
230

Measuring range 1

J/m 2

130
205
260
310
360
400
440
465
500

Measuring range 2

J/m 2

230
320
400

460
510
580
630
680
710
740
770
800
815
830
870
910
950
970

To check a measuring instrument to determine whether it complies with this International Standard,
measurements are conducted in the measuring range using the impact device and the test pieces cited
in the respective table, the measured values being noted.
Five measurements are to be per formed using each test piece and the results averaged. Obvious faulty
measurements shall be discarded and replaced by a repetition o f the test with a new value.
A device complies with this International Standard i f, and only i f, the average values from five single

measurements coincide with the values in Table C.1 while observing a tolerance.
Deviations o f ±3 % o f the value in Table C.1 are permissible for devices built in 2011 or later. Deviations
o f ±10 % o f the value in Table C.1 are permissible for older models.
The tendency o f any deviations from the values in Table C.1 is the same for all test pieces. This means
that the results obtained with one device and in one measuring range will always tend to be higher or
lower than the corresponding values in Table C.1.

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I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved