Bai 6 huong dan thtn ve su tao anh qua he thau kinh (1)

PATH OF RAYS IN A SINGLE LENS
REFLEX CAMERA
(P 36 01)

Apparatus:
GSN 246
POG 465
POG 462
POG
POG
POG 110
KAL









Adhesive magnetic
Ray box, 6V 20 W
Diaphragm 3 and 5 slits
Plan-convex lens model
Prism, right angle
Plane mirror
Connecting lead
Power supply
Whiteboard marker
Ruler

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1

A lamp projecting three parallel rays of light is set up near the left-hand edge of
the panel. This arrangement symbolizes the light reflected from a remote
object.
The plan convex lens is set up as shown in the figure. This symbolizes the
objective lens of the camera. When the camera is focused properly, the remote
object is projected as a virtually sharp point on the photographic film.
The position of the film is drawn in.

The view-finder is used to locate the desired image. The technique used in the
case of the single lens reflex camera is shown.
Before reaching the film, the light rays entering are reflected upwards by a

plane



mirror inclined at an angle of 45and then refracted toward the observer's eye
by a totally reflecting prism.

To demonstrate this, the right-angled prism with equal sides is applied as
shown in the figure. The plane mirror is placed so that the light rays are
reflected upwards and totally reflected at the hypotenuse of the inverting prism
(see figure).
When the diaphragm is released, the plane mirror flips out of the way, allowing
the light rays projected by the object to reach the film.

Optics Panel Type |

1


2

| Optics Panel Type


PATH OF RAYS IN A SLIDE PROJECTOR
(P 36 02)

Apparatus:
GSN 246
POG 465
POG 462
POG 240.02
POG 251
KAL 60/5A








Adhesive magnetic board
Ray box, 6V 20 W
Diaphragm 3 and 5 slits
Plan-convex, lens model
Semicircle, lens model
Connecting lead
Power supply
Whiteboard marker
Ruler

1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1

The optical axis is drawn in.
The two plan convex lenses and the semi-circular model serving as the focusing
lens are set up as shown in the figure. The pin in the lamp is pulled out so that
it projects a divergent light beam.
The path of the light rays is observed once the lamp is switched on. The two

planoconvex lenses serve as a condenser (light-gathering system). They ensure
that the slide is completely illuminated (draw in object G).
Furthermore, it may be observed that the condenser projects the lamp filament
onto the focusing lens (intertwined image). The focusing lens then produces an
upright, real and magnified image of the slide on the screen.

If the condenser is removed, it may be observed how poorly the divergent light
beam projected by the light illuminates the slide.

Optics Panel Type |

3


MODEL OF A MICROSCOPE
(P 36 03)

Apparatus:
GSN 246
POG 465
POG 461
POG 240.02
POG 251
KAL 60/5A





4

Adhesive magnetic board
Ray box, 6V 20 W
Diaphragm 1 and 2 slits
Plan-convex, lens model
Semicircle, lens model
Connecting lead
Power supply
Whiteboard marker
Ruler

1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1

First, the optical axis is drawn in and a biconvex lens is formed using the two
plan convex lenses. The objective and ocular lens are positioned as well as the
lamp as shown in the figure. The point where the two divergent light rays
originate is taken as the object point.
The objective lens creates a real image point B which the ocular lens projects
onto the eye's retina. The two light rays proceeding from the ocular lens travel
approximately parallel to each other so that the eye can view the image almost
relaxed. Extending these rays leads to the observation that the microscope
serves to increase the angle of vision.

| Optics Panel Type


MODEL OF AN ASTRONOMICAL
TELESCOPE
(P 36 04)

Apparatus:
GSN 246
POG 465
POG 461
POG 240.02
POG 251
KAL 60/5A




Adhesive magnetic
Ray box, 6V 20 W
Diaphragm 1 and 2 slits
Plan-convex, lens model
Semicircle, lens model
Connecting lead
Power supply
Whiteboard marker
Ruler

1

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1

First, the optical axis is drawn in.
The light as well as the objective and ocular lenses are set up as shown in the
figure. The light rays proceeding parallel from the lamp symbolize light
proceeding from a distant object. The convex, objective lens with a longer focal
length than the ocular lens produces a real image point virtually at the focal
point of the objective lens. The ocular lens projects this onto the retina.
The fact that the light rays travel parallel allows the eye to view the object
almost relaxed. By extending these light rays, it can be seen how the telescope
increases the angle of vision.

Optics Panel Type |

5


MODEL OF A GALILEAN TELESCOPE
(P 36 05)

Apparatus:
GSN 246
POG 465

POG 462
POG
POG
KAL

6

Adhesive magnetic
Ray box, 6V 20 W
Diaphragm 3 and 5 slits
Plan-convex, lens
Plan-concave, lens
Connecting lead
Power supply
Whiteboard marker
Ruler

1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1




First, the optical axis is drawn in.
The light as well as the objective and ocular lenses are set up according to the
figure. The parallel light rays originating in the lamp represent light coming
from a relatively far distant object. They reach the optical system at the angle
of vision The objective lens focuses the light rays.
Before being focused at the object point, they are dispersed by the concave
lens, thus leaving the system parallel once again. These light rays are
perceived by the eye which can thus remain relatively relaxed. This
demonstrates that the telescope increases the angle of vision > a).



The second experiment shows how the Galilean telescope is a telecentric
system. Parallel rays of light entering this system leave it parallel once more.
The diameter of the light beam is reduced, while the light density increases.

| Optics Panel Type




The length of the telescope is determined by the difference between the two
focal lengths, since the focal point behind the convex lens coincides with the
focal point in front of the concave lens.

Optics Panel Type |

7