Conditional sentences (1)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A. Conditional Sentences:
I. Real condition:
1. Form:
If Clause
Main Clause
Will/ shall/ can/ may + V bare inf.
Simple present
Simple present
V1
Imperative form  V bare inf.
 Don’t + V bare inf.
2. Usage:
_ To express a situation is real or may become true
Ex1: If I have free time, I’ll visit you.
Ex2: If the temperature is 100o C, the water boils.
Ex3: If you see Tom, ask him to ring me.
II. Unreal condition at present:
1. Form:
If Clause
Main Clause
would
Past subjunctive
should
+ V bare inf.
V2
could
Be  Were
might
2. Usage:
_ To talk about present or future situations that are unreal or cannot happen.

Ex1: If I were you, I would visit Halong Bay.
Ex3: If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.
III. Unreal condition in the past:
1. Form:
If Clause
Main Clause
Past perfect subjunctive would
Had + V3/ -ed
should + have + V3/ -ed.
could
might
2. Usage:
_ To talk about something that might have happened in the past but it didn’t.
Ex1: If she hadn’t been ill, she would have gone to the theatre yesterday.
Ex2: If they had come to the party last night., they would have seen Catherine, a famous singer.
B. Conditional Sentences in Reported Speech:
_ When the direct speech is a conditional sentence, its type 1 will be changed in reported
speech.
Ex1: “ If I hear any news, I’ll let you know”, she said.
 She said that if she heard any news, she would let me know.
Ex2: “If I had enough money, I would buy that car”.
 He said that if he had enough money, he would buy that car.


EXERCISES
I. Choose the best answers for the following sentences:
1. If I were you, I ______ that job.
a. would apply for
b. will ask for
c. will have changed

d. can take
2. If I _______ a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family.
a. have
b. am having
c. had
d. was having
3. If I ____ an astronaut traveling in a cabin, I’d not be annoyed by the weightlessness.
a. am
b. be
c. will be
d. were
4. What ____ happen if you come late for the meeting tomorrow?
a. will be
b. would be
c. will
d. would
5. If there were no gravity, water____ never run downhill.
a. would
b. will
c. won’t
d. wouldn’t
6. If you _____ Henry, ask him to come and see me.
a. met
b. will meet
c. meet
d. would meet
7. Unless you _____ quiet, I’ll scream.
a. don’t keep
b. keep
c. kept

d. didn’t keep
8. I’ll be able to speak English well if I _____ hard.
a. studied
b. have studied
c. had studied
d. study
9. If I could speak Spanish, I _____ next year studying in Mexico.
a. would spend
b. had spent
c. would have spent d. will spend
10. If I ____ you, I _____ his invitation.
a. am/ will refuse
b. were/ would refuse
c. was/ will refuse
d. had been/ would have refused
11. If my father ______ here now, he would help me .
a. were
b. was
c. is
d. would be
12. She can’t get home _____ she has no money.
a. unless
b. until
c. if
d. without
13. I’m very busy, so please don’t disturb me _________ it’s urgent.
a. while
b. if
c. since
d. unless

14. If he _____ yesterday, he would be here with us tomorrow night.
a. finished it
b. had finished it
c. finishes it
d. has finished it
15.If an object is let off in the cabin of a spaceship, it ______.
a. floated
b. is floating
c. will float
d. would float
16 ___ we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy.
a. If
b. When
c. Unless
d. Only
17 Unless we ____ throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted.
a. stop
b. don’t stop
c. will stop
d. won’t stop
18 If the questions______ not too difficult, we ____ them.
a. were/ could answer
b. are/ could answer
c. were/ can answer
d. are/ can answer
19 If you were not sick, ______ with us?
a. will you come
b. would you come
c. do you come
d. are you coming

20 If they didn’t live so far away, I _____ them every week.
a. visit
b. visited
c. will visit
d. would visit
21 If we don’t save water, we will have to suffer from water shortage.


a. Unless we don’t save water, we will have to suffer from water shortage.
b. If we save water, we won’t have to suffer from water shortage.
c. Unless we don’t save water, we won’t have to suffer from water shortage .
d. If we save water, we will have to suffer from water shortage.
22 If you ______ us about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.
a. didn’t tell
b. wouldn’t have told c. hadn’t told
d. had told
23 If Allie had come sooner, he ____ dinner with us.
a. could have eaten
b. would being eaten c. was eating
d. could eat
II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings:
24 Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information.
If__________________________________________________
25 Keep quiet or I’ll scream.
Unless______________________________________________
26 Today isn’t Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming.
If__________________________________________________
27 You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.
If__________________________________________________
28 I don’t know the English, so I can’t tell you about that.

If__________________________________________________
29 Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
If__________________________________________________
30Lan can’t go shopping with her mother because she has a bad cold.
If__________________________________________________
31He didn’t prepare for the interview, so he didn’t get the job.
If __________________________________________________
32 The house didn’t burn down because the fire brigade came immediately.
If__________________________________________________.
We came home from our holiday early because we ran out of money.
If _________________________________________________.
33She is too weak, she can’t sit up and talk to you.
If _________________________________________________.
34. I took the job because I didn’t know how difficult it was.
If __________________________________________________
35. I can’t take much exercise because I don’t have enough free time.
If __________________________________________________
III. Choose the correct form of the verbs:
36. If I miss / I’ll miss the bus, I’ll get a taxi instead.
37. We’ll have to go without John if he doesn’t arrive/ won’t arrive soon.
38. If I had more money, will/ would you marry?
39. How did you feel/ would you feel if you were in my position?
40. Will you send me a postcard if you visit/ will visit Mexico?
41. They would be upset if I’ve told/ I told them what happened.
42. If you don’t complain/ didn’t complain so much, you might be more popular.
43. You would have a lot friends if you aren’t/ weren’t so mean.
44. If someone enters/ will enter the building, the alarm goes off.
45. If I don’t revise/ didn’t revise thoroughly, I may fail my test.