Bsi bs en 01771 2004 (2006)

BRITISH STANDARD

Products and systems
for the protection and
repair of concrete
structures —
Test methods —
Determination of
injectability and
splitting test

The European Standard EN 1771:2004 has the status of a
British Standard

ICS 91.080.40

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:

BS EN
1771:2004


BS EN 1771:2004

National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of
EN 1771:2004.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Protection and repair of concrete
structures, which has the responsibility to:
—

aid enquirers to understand the text;

—

present to the responsible international/European committee any
enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
UK interests informed;

—

monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 13 and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee
on 31 March 2006

© BSI

ISBN 0 580 44408 2

Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No.

Date

Comments


EN 1771

EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

August 2004

ICS 91.080.40

English version

Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete
structures — Test methods — Determination of injectability and
splitting test
Produits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation des
structures en béton — Méthodes d'essai — Détermination de
l'injectabilité et essai de fendage

Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die
Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken — Prüfverfahren —
Bestimmung der Injektionsfähigkeit und Prüfung der
Spaltzugfestigkeit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

© 2004 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

B-1050 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 1771:2004: E


EN 1771:2004 (E)

Contents

page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
1

Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4

2

Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4

3

Test principle..................................................................................................................................................4

4
4.1
4.2
4.3

General requirements for testing .................................................................................................................4
Apparatus .......................................................................................................................................................4
Other equipment ............................................................................................................................................4
Sand ................................................................................................................................................................5

5
5.1
5.2

Preparation of the test...................................................................................................................................8
Injectability test..............................................................................................................................................8
Preparation of specimen for splitting test (Brazilian test).........................................................................8

6
6.1
6.2

Test procedure ...............................................................................................................................................9
Column test ....................................................................................................................................................9
Splitting test .................................................................................................................................................10

7
7.1
7.2

Expression of the results............................................................................................................................10
Column test ..................................................................................................................................................10
Splitting test .................................................................................................................................................11

8

Test report ....................................................................................................................................................11

Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................13

2


EN 1771:2004 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 1771:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 104, "Concrete and related
products", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
It has been prepared by Sub-committee 8 "Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete
structures" (Secretariat AFNOR).
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by February 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by February 2005.
It is generally recognised that it is difficult to generate cracks of a controlled width in concrete and difficult to make
objective measurements of the ease with which such cracks may be injected with various materials. This test,
developed at the LCPC 1) and by RILEM 2), circumvents these difficulties by measuring the rate of flow of the
injection agent through a column of graded sand. The sand grading specified is carefully chosen to have
interconnecting voids providing a tortuous path for a flow of the injection agent. These having a similar resistance
to flow to that provided by a 0,2 mm crack in concrete (other gradings of sand could be chosen to simulate the flow

in wider cracks, if desired).
The detailed method of injection uses a fixed quantity of mixed reactive injection agent in a vessel maintained at a
closely controlled pressure, to provide the injection force. Thus, any limitations on the practical usage of the grout
imposed by thickening/gelation of the mixed product in the injection vessel will be recorded. The method could be
modified to permit the assessment of grouts dispensed and injected by twin-pump metering and mixing machines,
provided the same fine degree of pressure control can be exercised.
As a supplement to the injectability test, the column of grouted sand, when fully cured, is sawn into cylinders which
are then subjected to indirect tensile strength measurement (Brazilian splitting test). This can provide a useful
comparison between materials, giving some indication of the strength of bond achievable.
This document includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

1)

Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées.

2)

Réunion Internationale de Laboratoires d'Essais et de recherches sur les Matériaux.

3


EN 1771:2004 (E)

1

Scope

This document specifies a method for determining the injectability of a product in a capillary network and its
adhesion to concrete by measurement of the splitting strength of cylindrical mortar samples resulting from a sand
column injection.

2

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength.
EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement - Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness.
EN ISO 9514, Paints and varnishes - Determination of the pot-life of liquid systems - Preparation and conditioning
of samples and guidelines for testing (ISO 9514:1992).
ISO 565, Test sieves – Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet – Nominal sizes of
openings.

3

Test principle

The principle of the test consists on injecting, under a constant pressure, the product in a transparent plastic
(polymethylmethacrylate) tube filled with graded sand and kept in a vertical position.
The column is injected from its lower end; one measures the time taken by the product to attain the different
reference marks drawn along the tube.

4

4.1

General requirements for testing
Apparatus

The apparatus used is illustrated in Figure 1.
The total length of the rising tube, the joining flexible tube and the connecting branches is (900 ± 5) mm; the inner
diameter is (6 ± 0,1) mm.
The difference in level between the bottom of the column and the bottom of the injection pot is (400 ± 5) mm in
length.
The distance between the end of the rising tube and the bottom of the metal container is (20 ± 1) mm. The tube end
is cut square. The injection column is fitted with rubber plugs perforated in their centre. The lower plug has passing
through it a copper tube, 6 mm internal diameter - 8 mm external diameter, and (50 ± 10) mm in length to which the
flexible pipe is fitted.

4.2

Other equipment

In addition to the above mentioned device, the following equipment is necessary to carry out the test:


transparent tubes not affected by the products involved (e.g. polymethylmethacrylate) (22,2 ± 0,3) mm in inner
diameter and 390 mm in length;



a scale 400 mm long graduated in millimetres;

4

EN 1771:2004 (E)



a balance accurate to within 0,1 g;



a stopwatch reading to 1/10 s;



a thermometer graduated from 0 °C to 200 °C and accurate within 1 °C;



a supply of compressed air at a pressure of at least 0,5 MPa;



wire mesh with 0,5 mm mesh (modulus 28) according to ISO 565;



a metal container approximately 80 mm in diameter 175 mm high;



a measuring vessel;



a tube to join end of column and measuring vessel;



a flexible tube suitable with the pressure;



a clamp for the flexible tube;



a pressure vessel about 3 l with safe working pressure at least that of the air supply ; it shall be fitted with
pressure gauge to accurately measure pressures up to at least 0,075 MPa with a precision of 0,0025 MPa;



a supply of compressed air controlled by a pressure regulating valve.

4.3

Sand



sand in accordance with EN 196-1 for cement tests; instead of siliceous sand, for special purposes crushed

cement mortar of the same grading may be used (for instance if the simulation of concrete capillary is
intended);



sieves with 0,63 mm, 0,80 mm, 1,00 mm, 1,25 mm mesh (see ISO 565).

5


EN 1771:2004 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1
2

Injection column
Flexible joining tube (6 mm, length 600 mm)

7
8

Pressure vessel
Metal container

3
4

Control measuring gauge
Compressed air supply

9
10

Safety valve
Measuring vessel

5
6

Pressure regulation valve
Rising tube

11
12

Overflow tube
Scale

Figure 1 — Test configuration
Table 1 — Grading curve of the reference sand
Sieves meshes in mm
Cumulative passing percentage

6

0,63

0,80

1,00

1,25

0

33

63

100


EN 1771:2004 (E)

Key
1
2

Inner tube diameter, in millimetres
Weight of normal 0,63/1,25 mm sand, in g

Figure 2 — Weight determination the reference sand to be introduced into the tube according
to its inner diameter

7

EN 1771:2004 (E)

5

Preparation of the test

5.1

Injectability test

5.1.1

Preparation of the samples

The operation procedure is as follows:


measure with callipers the inner diameter of each plastic tube in order to determine the sand mass to be
introduced into it;



place a rubber perforated plug and a disc of wire mesh in the lower end of the tube;



reconstitute by screening with 0,63 mm, 0,80 mm, 1,00 mm and 1,25 mm sieves the grading of the 0,63 mm:
1,25 mm fraction of reference sand (see grading curve in Table 1);



from Figure 2, determine to 0,1 g the quantity of sand to be introduced into each tube.

5.1.2

Preparation of the column

Fill each tube in three stages, with fairly equal layers in order to obtain a total height of compacted sand of
(360 ± 1) mm.
The sequence of operation is as follows:


pour the sand into the injection column so that the tube is filled to the first third of its height to (± 20 mm);



compact the sand by applying 50 lateral shocks evenly distributed over the height of the layer while rotating
the injection column;



do likewise for the 2 and the 3
compacted sand is (360 ± 1) mm;



if this value is not obtained, it is necessary to empty the injection column and to repeat the filling process;



put a disc of wire mesh over the compacted sand and the second rubber perforated plug;



weigh to 0,1 g (mass M1) each filled injection column equipped with the perforated plugs and dry sand.

nd

5.1.3

rd

layer. After compacting the last layer, check that the total height of

Number of columns

Prepare two identical sand columns, one for the test in dry and the other for the test in damp medium.

5.2

Preparation of specimen for splitting test

The injected columns shall be carefully sealed (e.g. by fixing plugs with adhesive tape) and stored in a room at
regulated temperature: (21 ± 2) °C and (60 ± 10) % relative humidity for polymer and hydraulic products, for 28
days after injection.
The columns shall then be sawn perpendicular to their axis in order to obtain a minimum of 6 cylindrical samples
of 2:1 aspect ratio. Each sample shall be then extruded from the tube recording its position in the column.
Six samples shall be obtained from each column. Mechanical tests shall be carried on the samples coming from
two columns, six of them from dry medium and the other six from the damp medium.

8


EN 1771:2004 (E)

6

Test procedure

6.1

Column test

6.1.1

Preliminary storage and preparation of the injection product

Temperature levels to be selected for the tests are 8 °C, 15 °C, and 21 °C or other temperatures agreed by the
parties concerned. At least 24 h before testing, place all components of the products, the sand and the complete
apparatus, in the testing room maintained at above the mentioned test temperatures or other temperatures agreed
by the parties concerned.
6.1.2

Test execution

6.1.2.1

Injection in dry medium

Mix the components of the material to be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

When the product to be tested is ready, pour (500 ± 1) g of the mix into the test container described in Figure 1.
Note the initial temperature of the mix and place the test container into the pressure vessel.
Turn on compressed air supply and check that the pressure is (0,075 ± 0,0025) MPa.
If necessary correct by adjusting the pressure regulating valve and check that there are no leaks.
Release the clamp on the flexible tube and start the chronometer when the product reaches the "zero" level of the
sand defined by the level of the lower wire mesh.
Note the time taken by the product to reach the 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm and 350 mm
levels.
Continue the injection until the column is full, and 20 ml excess has been collected in the measuring vessel or until
it becomes evident that this will not reasonably be achieved i.e. the rate of the product rises in the column is less
than 30 mm/min.
In either case, stop the stopwatch, clamp the flexible tube, release the pressure and immediately measure the
temperature of the remaining product in the metal container.
Classification
The injectability of the product may be classified as:

6.1.2.2

i)

easy if the column is filled and 20 ml excess product collected;

ii)

feasible if the column is filled but the 1 ml/min overflow rate is not achieved;

iii)

difficult if injection is halted before the column is filled; in this case, record the level reached in the
column.

Injection in damp medium

The only variant introduced in the process of operation is the previous damping of the sand.
After setting up the test apparatus, proceed in the following manner:


pour 200 g of water into the container and place it in the pressure vessel;



inject the water into the sand column and continue injection until 20 ml are collected in the measuring vessel;
9


EN 1771:2004 (E)



stop the injection, release the pressure and let the excess water drain for 10 min. Then weigh the column with
the perforated plugs, left in position, to 0,1 g (mass M2);



replace the first container with another dry and clean container. Then carry out the injectability test of the
product in damp medium under the same conditions as those described previously.

6.1.3

Storage of specimens

After injection of the product, the injected column sealed by blocking the perforated plugs left in position are
weighed to a 0,1 g : mass M3 for dry media; mass M4 for damp media.
Then they are stored for 28 days at (21 ± 2) °C and (60 ± 10) % relative humidity for polymer and hydraulic
products.

6.2

Splitting test

Immediately after sawing the samples shall be subjected to the splitting tests.
Before the test, the sample shall be measured in length and diameter to the nearest 0,1 mm and weighed to the
nearest 0,1 g. The specimen should be placed between the platens of the compression test machine, so that the
contact is made according to a generatrix. The load shall be applied continuously and without shock. The loading
rate shall remain constant at (0,05 ± 0,01) N/mm2/s.

7

Expression of the results

7.1

Column test

For every test carried out in dry and damp medium, draw the injectability curves
h = f (t)

(1)

where

h

is the height of the product in the column expressed in millimetres;

t

is the time taken by the product to reach the different reference marks drawn along the tube, in seconds.

Record the injectability time. Measure for polymer products the pot life on 500 g in accordance with EN ISO 9514
or the setting time in accordance with EN 196-3 for hydraulic products.
Calculate the mass of injected product M3 - M1 for dry media in grams.
Calculate the mass of injected product M4 - M2 for damp media in grams.
where
M1 is the mass of the injection column ready with dry sand, plugs, discs wire mesh, before injection, in grams;
M2 is the mass of this injection column ready with wet sand, in grams;
M3 is the mass of this injection column after injection in dry media, in grams;
M4 is the mass of this injection column after injection in wet media, in grams.
Note the results obtained after injection for each of the two cases described above.

10


EN 1771:2004 (E)

7.2

Splitting test

For each sample the maximum load during the test is recorded as the breaking load F; then the corresponding
splitting strength f is calculated in N/mm2 using the following relationship:

f =

2× F
π×d ×L

(2)

where
F

is the maximum compression load, in newtons;

d

is the sample diameter, in millimetres;

L

is sample height, in millimetres;

f

is the splitting strength, in newtons per square millimetre.

Calculate the average of the six results for each condition.

8

Test report

The following information shall be included:


name of the product and source of the product;



complete identification of the injection product or system tested, including type, source, manufacturer’s code
numbers and history;



proportions by weight of the constituents of the mix;



quantity of product prepared;



means and duration of mixing the constituents;



temperature of the components before mixing;



method of injection;



initial temperature of the mix (before mixing);



temperature of the mix (after mixing);



final temperature of the mix at the end of the injection (if it can be measured);



quantity of the product injected in dry medium (M3 - M1);



quantity of the product injected in damp medium (M4 - M2);



storage conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of the sample before splitting tests ;



volume and weight of each sample ;



apparent density of each sawed sample;



pressure of injection;
11


EN 1771:2004 (E)



curves of injection;



time of injection;



ratio



results of splitting test;



reference to this standard;



any variation from the standard procedure.

12

setting time
workable time
for polymer products or the ratio
for hydraulic products;
injection time
injection time


EN 1771:2004 (E)

Bibliography

P 18-891, Special products for hydraulic concrete constructions - Synthetic resin or hydraulic binder based
products for injection into concrete structures - Sand column injectability test in wet and dry atmosphere.
P 18-892, Special products for hydraulic concrete constructions - Synthetic resin or hydraulic binder based
products for injection into concrete structure - Splitting test on cylindrical mortar test pieces stemming from injection
into a sand column.

13


BS EN
1771:2004

BSI — British Standards Institution
BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.
Revisions
British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of
British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or
editions.
It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using
this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee
responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.
BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures
that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.
Buying standards
Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001.
Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: Standards are also
available from the BSI website at .
In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the
BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards,
unless otherwise requested.
Information on standards
BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and
international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters
Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give
details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email:

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments
and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details
of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001.
Email:
Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards
Online can be found at />Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at
.
Copyright
Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the
UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written
permission from BSI.

BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.
Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553.
Email: