Bsi bs en 01501 2 2005 + a1 2009

BRITISH STANDARD

Refuse collection
vehicles and associated
lifting devices —
General requirements
and safety
requirements —
Part 2: Side loaded refuse collection
vehicles

ICS 43.160

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:

BS EN
1501-2:2005
+A1:2009


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 1501-2:2005 which is
withdrawn.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is
indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text
carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by
CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !".
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical

Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/1, Waste
containers and associated lifting devices on refuse collection vehicles.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee
on 20 October 2005

© BSI 2010

ISBN 978 0 580 62764 4

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date

Comments

31 March 2010

Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009

EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 1501-2:2005+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

November 2009

ICS 43.160

Supersedes EN 1501-2:2005

English Version

Refuse collection vehicles and associated lifting devices General requirements and safety requirements - Part 2: Side
loaded refuse collection vehicles
Bennes de collecte des déchets et leurs lève-conteneurs
associés - Exigences générales et exigences de sécurité Partie 2: Bennes à chargement latéral

Abfallsammelfahrzeuge und die dazugehörigen
Schüttungen - Allgemeine Anforderungen und
Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 2: Seitenlader

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 10 October 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the

official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2009 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009: E


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Contents

Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................4 
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5
1

Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5 

2

Normative references ............................................................................................................................6 

3

Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................8

4

Modes and controls of side loaded RCVs ........................................................................................ 11

5

List of significant hazards ................................................................................................................. 13

6

Safety requirements ........................................................................................................................... 18 

7

Information for use ............................................................................................................................. 33

8

Verification .......................................................................................................................................... 37 

Annex A (normative) Working stations, functional and visible areas/spaces.......................................... 42
Annex B (informative) Types and examples of data sheet ......................................................................... 46
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this Standard and the Essential Requirements of
EU Directive 98/37/EC ......................................................................................................................... 55 
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"
" ........................................................................................................... 56
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 
Figures
Figure A.1b — Functional, visible and working areas for lifting — Front view ......................................... 43
Figure A.1c — Outside working stations....................................................................................................... 44
Figure A.2 — Open and closed systems ....................................................................................................... 45
Figure A.3 — Warning sign : extending arm ................................................................................................. 45
Tables
Table 1 — List of significant hazards ................................................................................................................. 14
Table 2 — Graphical symbols ............................................................................................................................ 23
Table 3 — Verification........................................................................................................................................ 38 
Figure A.1a — Functional, visible and working areas for lifting — Top view..................................................... 42
Table B.1 — Side loaded RCV .......................................................................................................................... 46
Table B.2 — Types ............................................................................................................................................ 48 
Table B.3 — Dimensions, volumes and centre of gravity calculation ................................................................ 50

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Table B.4 — Axle load calculation (Example of a data sheet) ...........................................................................51 
Table B.5a — Calculation of side stability on fully tipped body/bodywork .........................................................52

Table B.5b — Calculation of stability on RCV with extending arm .....................................................................53
Table B.5c — Calculation of stability on RCV without extending arm with lifting device for designated waste
containers larger than 1,1 m³ ......................................................................................................................54 

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BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 183 “Waste
management”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-10-10.
This document supersedes EN 1501-2:2005.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document."
The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, serviceable,
economical, and practical side loaded refuse collection vehicles.
This European Standard is the second one of the series of co-ordinated standards of EN 1501 about “Refuse
collection vehicles and their associated lifting devices” comprising the following parts:


Part 1: Rear-end loaded refuse collection vehicles



Part 2: Side loaded refuse collection vehicles



Part 3: Front loaded refuse collection vehicles



Part 4: Noise measurement protocol for refuse collection vehicles



Part 5: Lifting devices for refuse collection vehicles (in preparation)



Part 6: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) (in preparation)



Amendment EN 1501-1/A1: Footboards

This European Standard is the second one of a series of standards dealing with specification, design, safety
and testing of side loaded refuse collection vehicles (side loaded RCVs) and associated lifting devices.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following

countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
The series of standards should be read in conjunction with the documents developed by CEN/TC 183/WG 1
for mobile waste containers (series of standards EN 840), for stationary waste containers (series of standards
EN 12574) and for selective collection containers emptied by the top (Type B of EN 13071) that are
compatible with the lifting devices specified in these standards.
While producing this European Standard it was assumed that:


only persons who have been appropriately trained will operate the side loaded RCV;



components without specific requirements are designed in accordance with the usual engineering

practice and calculation codes, including all failure modes, of sound mechanical and electrical
construction and made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;



harmful materials, such as asbestos, are not used as part of the machine;



components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristics remain despite
wear within the specified limits as stated in the maintenance manual;



by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranging
from zero to 100 % of the rated capacities and during the tests;



the equipment shall be designed for operation with an ambient temperature between -10 °C and +40 °C;



negotiation occurs between the manufacturer and the user concerning the specific uses and places of
use of the machinery;



the locations for use of the side loaded RCV are safe (e.g. tarmac road).

The standard is designed for careful consideration by designers, manufacturers, suppliers and users of side
loaded RCVs.

1

Scope

This European Standard specifies the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in Clause 5 which
can arise during the operation and the maintenance of side loaded refuse collection vehicles (side loaded
RCVs) used for the collection, transportation and unloading of solid wastes and as intended by the
manufacturer or his authorised representative.
This European Standard deals with:


side loaded refuse collection vehicles as defined in Clauses 3 and 4;

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)



lifting devices for side loaded refuse collection vehicles.

Examples for basic types of side loaded refuse collection vehicles are given in Annex B.
This European Standard does not establish the additional requirements for:


design and equipment of the chassis, considered as meeting all road traffic requirements;



operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as: temperatures below –
10 °C and above +40 °C, corrosive environment, tropical environment);



operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres, contaminating environments);



static electricity problems;



transportation of passengers, lifting of persons;



loading by crane;



loading by a satellite vehicle;



containers other than those manufactured according to EN 840, EN 12574 and EN 13071;



handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. hot wastes, acids and
bases, radioactive materials, especially fragile loads, explosives);



hazards occurring during construction, transportation, commissioning, decommissioning;



hazards occurring in relation to traffic on public roads;



wind velocity in excess of 75 km/h;



direct contact with foodstuffs;



hazards due to the noise of the side loaded RCV.

2

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs
EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design
EN 457:1992, Safety of machinery — Auditory danger signals — General requirements, design and testing
(ISO 7731:1986, modified)
EN 563:1994, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish
temperature limit value for hot surfaces
EN 574:1996, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Functional aspects — Principles for design

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

EN 894-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 3: Control actuators
EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —

Hydraulics
EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design
and selection
!EN 1501-4:2007, Refuse collection vehicles and their associated lifting devices – General requirements
and safety requirements — Part 4: Noise test code for refuse collection vehicles"
EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(ISO 60204-1:1997)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
ISO 7000:2004, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis
IEC 60417-DB:2002, Graphical symbols for use and equipment — Index, survey and compilation of single
sheets

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2003 and the
following apply.

3.1
refuse collection vehicle (RCV)
vehicle intended for the collection and transportation of waste or recyclable materials based on loading via
containers or by hand. It consists of a chassis with cab onto which the bodywork is mounted. The bodywork
includes an integrated or interchangeable body. The bodywork also includes either a compaction mechanism
or a lifting device or both
3.2
side loaded RCV
RCV into which the waste or recyclable materials are loaded from the sides
3.2.1
general
in side loaded RCVs waste is transferred manually or mechanically over the rave rail into a hopper. A
compaction mechanism, if fitted, then transfers and compacts the waste from the hopper into a fixed or
interchangeable body of the side loaded RCV. To discharge, either the body is tilted, rotated or an ejection
device is used
3.2.2
types of side loaded RCVs
side loaded RCVs in the scope of this European Standard are classified into ten types (see Tables B.1 and
B.2). These ten types are the following:
3.2.2.1
type 1
type 1 has an automatically controlled lifting device with extending arm commanded from the cab and a
compaction mechanism. This mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.2
type 2
type 2 has a semi-automatically controlled lifting device with extending arm commanded from the cab and a
compaction mechanism. This mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.3
type 3
type 3 has a manually controlled lifting device with extending arm commanded from the cab and a compaction

mechanism. This mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.4
type 4
type 4 has an automatically controlled lifting device without extending arm commanded from outside of the
cab and a compaction mechanism. This mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.5
type 5
type 5 has a semi-automatically controlled lifting device without extending arm commanded from outside of
the cab and a compaction mechanism. This mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.6
type 6
type 6 has a manually controlled lifting device without extending arm commanded from outside of the cab and
a compaction mechanism. This mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

3.2.2.7
type 7
type 7 has a manually controlled lifting device with an integrated container commanded from the cab or the
outside. If present, the compaction mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.8
type 8
type 8 has an extending arm as a part of the lifting device. This extending arm is mounted between the
bodywork and the cab and is commanded either automatically, semi-automatically or manually from the cab or
from outside. If present, the compaction mechanism is automatic, semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.9

type 9
type 9 has no lifting device (handloading only) and has a compaction mechanism, which is either automatic,
semi-automatic or manual
3.2.2.10
type 10
type 10 has a lifting device but no compaction mechanism
3.2.2.11
combinations of these basic types are possible. Combination of a side loaded RCV with a rear loaded RCV
complies with the corresponding clauses of both prEN 1501-2 and EN 1501-1
3.3
cab
enclosure mounted on the chassis in front of the bodywork where the driver controls the vehicle
3.4
body
part of the bodywork in which the collected waste is stored, it may be fixed or interchangeable or rotate as part
of the compaction mechanism
3.5
capacity of the side loaded RCV
capacity of the internal volume available for waste, measured in cubic metres rounded off to one decimal
place (V3 and V4 in Table B.3)
3.6
discharge door
part of the bodywork, hinged to the body, which needs to be opened to discharge the waste or recyclable
materials
3.7
hopper
part of the bodywork into which the waste is loaded via containers or by hand. If the side loaded RCV has no
compaction mechanism, the body is the hopper
3.8
capacity of the hopper

volume of non-compacted waste the hopper contains without taking into account the edge of the guide flap,
measured in cubic metres rounded off to one decimal.place, when the compaction mechanism is in its fully
retracted position (V1 and V2 in Table B.3)
3.9
rave rail
loading edge of the hopper (if no guide flap) or of the guide flap (see Figure A.2)

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

3.10
guide flap
removable or foldable extension to the rave rail
3.11
compaction mechanism
mechanism used to compact and transfer the waste from the hopper into the body
3.12
discharge system
device to empty the body
3.12.1
ejection plate system
system which allows the emptying of the body by moving an ejection plate (nominally occupying the inner
cross section area of the body) from the front to the rear,after opening the discharge door
3.12.2
rotation drum system
discharge of the rotation drum is done by inversion of the rotation after opening the discharge door
3.12.3

discharge by tipping
system to empty the body by tilting the body to the rear after opening the discharge door
3.13
designated waste container
range or types of receptacles for storing waste prior to the collection by a side loaded RCV and which are
compatible with the lifting device of the side loaded RCV
3.14
lifting device
mechanism located on either side of the side loaded RCV which empties waste containers into the hopper and
puts them back on the ground. This mechanism may also include an integrated receptacle for waste
3.15
functional space (envelope)
functional space covered by the movements of the lifting device (including the waste containers) as specified
by the manufacturer (see Figure A.1b)
3.16
extending arm
moving part of the lifting device to provide more horizontal reach to pick up the designated waste container(s)
3.17
clamp
mechanism which holds the waste container(s) by application of jaws. When these jaws overlap, it is called an
overlapping clamp
3.18
rest position
location of lifting device and/or extending arm within the dimensions of the side loaded RCV, e.g. for the
purpose of travel movement
3.19
hand loading
operation covering the loading of waste into the hopper of the side loaded RCV directly by hand

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

3.20
waste container emptying cycle
number of sequences to hold, pick up, lift and tilt the waste containers and put them back on the ground
3.21
visible area
area resulting from the design, visible by the operative from his working station, either in or outside of the cab.
For types 1-2-3-7-8-10 of Annex B (in cab control; see Figure A.1b) and for types 4-5-6-9 of Annex B (on
ground control; see Figure A.1c)
3.22
operative
operator in charge of the operation of the side loaded RCV
3.23
mono-operative side loaded RCV
when the whole sequence of movements of the waste container emptying cycle can be achieved only through
the actuation of the controls located in the cab
3.24
working station
location outside of the functional space where the operative operates the machine during normal use.
Inspection, cleaning and maintenance are excluded
3.25
hold-to-run control device
control device by which the operating function is only carried out as long as the control is activated according
to 2.31 of EN 1070:1998. The operation stops automatically when the control is released
3.26
travel movement

motorised movement over 6 km/h of the side loaded RCV
3.27
positioning movement
motorised movement not exceeding 6km/h of the side loaded RCV

4

Modes and controls of side loaded RCVs

(Travel and positioning movements not included)

4.1

Operating modes

Movements of the mechanically moved parts of the side loaded RCV:
4.1.1 Manual: the mechanism achieves each movement within the waste container emptying cycle or the
compaction cycle by a specific separate command.
4.1.2 Semi-automatic: the mechanism achieves each sequence of movements (two or more movements in
one sequence) within the waste container emptying cycle or the compaction cycle by a specific command.
4.1.3 Automatic: the mechanism achieves all sequences of the waste container emptying cycle or the
compaction cycle by one command without any other action.

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

4.2

Compaction operating modes and controls

4.2.1
4.2.1.1

Closed and open systems
Closed system

When the rave rail is 1 600 mm or more above the level on which the side loaded RCV is standing, and any
shear trap is at least 850 mm away from the rave rail (see Figure A.2).
4.2.1.2

Open system

When the rave rail does not meet the above mentioned measurement of a closed system.
NOTE

4.2.2

This approach is not related to the Annex IV of the machinery directive.

Compaction modes

Each side loaded RCV may be fitted with one or more of the following compaction operating modes:
4.2.2.1

Automatic compaction

Automatic compaction mechanisms are activated by an impulse command, e.g. by a start control device or by

the emptying of a container into the hopper:


continuous cycle is one that continually cycles until stopped by an independent action (“AUTO”);



single cycle is one that cycles once with a start impulse or the emptying and then stops without any other
action (“SINGLE”);



multi cycle is one that cycles by a start impulse or emptying for a given number of times and then stops
without any other action (“MULTI”).

For single and/or multi cycles the start impulse may be generated by means of the start command of the lifting
device.
4.2.2.2

Semi-automatic compaction

Semi-automatic compaction can either be a controlled cycle or an intermittent cycle as follows:
The controlled cycle is activated by one single hold-to-run control, e.g. button or lever, from the start until all
shear traps have been passed. Thereafter, the cycle will be completed automatically, even if the button or
lever is released (“CTRL”).
The intermittent cycle works automatically without any other action and is interrupted at least 500 mm before
the first shear trap. A hold-to-run control is required to run the compaction mechanism for that part of the cycle
where a shear trap is created up to the end of the cycle (“SEMI”).
4.2.2.3

Manual compaction

The compaction mechanism is commanded and controlled by the operative by means of a hold-to-run control,
e.g. button or lever, for each movement (“MAN”).
4.2.2.4

Selection of mode/compaction

A selection of mode is when a compaction operating mode can be changed to or from any of the modes
mentioned under 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 ("SELECT").

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

4.3

Discharge system operating modes and controls

Each side loaded RCV may be designed for one or more of the following discharge operating mode(s), as
described in 4.3.2 and 4.3.3:
4.3.1

Automatic discharge mode

The automatic discharge door opening and closing modes are forbidden.
4.3.2

Semi-automatic discharge mode

The discharge door automatically achieves each sequence of movement of the discharge cycle except for the
final closure (at least 500 mm before closed position) by a command using a hold-to-run control device.
4.3.3

Manual discharge mode

The discharge door achieves each sequence of movement within the discharge cycle by a specific separate
command.

4.4

Lifting device operating modes and controls

Each side loaded RCV may be designed for one or more of the following lifting device operating modes, as
described in 4.4.1 to 4.4.3:
4.4.1

Manual lifting mode

The lifting device achieves each movement within the emptying cycle by a specific command using a hold-torun control device.
4.4.2

Semi-automatic lifting mode

The lifting device achieves each sequence of movements (two or more movements in the sequence) of the
emptying cycle by a command using a hold-to-run or impulse control device.
4.4.3

Automatic lifting mode

The lifting device achieves all the sequences of the emptying cycle by one command.
4.4.4

Selection of mode/lifting device

A selection of mode is when a lifting operating mode can be changed to or from any of the modes mentioned
under 4.4.1 to 4.4.3 ("SELECT").

5

List of significant hazards

This clause contains all the significant hazards, risk areas and hazardous situations and events as far as they
are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery
and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.

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EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Table 1 — List of significant hazards

14

Corresponding
clause in

Annex A of
EN 1050:1996

Hazard

1 (1d)

Risk area

Hazardous situation

Reference
in this
European
Standard

From mass and Lifting device
velocity

Too high speed of the lifting
device

6.4.1.2

1 (1e)

Mechanical
stress

Discharge system

Unexpected opening of the
discharge door

6.2.2.1

1.1

Crushing

Lifting device

Crushing between lifting device
or waste container and ground
during lowering operation

6.4.1.1
6.4.1.2

1.1
1.5

Crushing,
trapping

Compaction
system

Crushing by compaction
mechanism by falling into the

hopper during operation

6.2.1
6.2.3.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.3
6.9.3.2

1.1
1.2

Crushing,
shearing

Compaction
mechanism

Crushing or shearing between
compaction mechanism and its
housing when the body is
removed

6.2.4
6.9.3.2

1.1
1.2

Crushing,
shearing

Static body

Crushing between compaction
mechanism and its housing
during waste collection

6.2.1
6.2.3.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.3
6.9.3.2

1.1
1.2

Crushing,
shearing

Discharge system

Crushing between discharge
door and body when discharge
door is being lowered

6.3.1.2
6.3.1.3
6.3.1.4
6.11.2

1.1

Crushing

Discharge system

Crushing between open laterally
hinged discharge door and body
when the discharge door is
unintentionally closed (by wind)

6.3.1.5

1.1
1.2

Crushing,
shearing

Static body

Crushing or shearing when
6.11.4
lateral access door is open whilst
mechanism is moving

1.1
1.2

Crushing,

shearing

Discharge system

Crushing between discharge
door and body when laterally
hinged door is being opened

6.3.1.5

1.1
1.5

Crushing,
trapping

Lifting device

Clamping of pedestrian
particularly children

6.4.2.3
6.4.2.4
6.4.2.6
6.4.2.7
6.9.4.4

1.1
1.5

Crushing,
trapping

Lifting device

Trapping between lifting device
and the side loaded RCV, when
retracting the arm of the lifting
device

6.4.1.1
6.4.1.3
6.9.4.4

1.1
1.5

Crushing,
trapping

Lifting device

Crushing or trapping between
parts of the lifting device

6.4.1.1
6.4.1.3
6.4.2.5
6.9.4.4

BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Table 1 (continued)
Corresponding
clause in
Annex A of
EN 1050:1996

Hazard

Risk Area

Hazardous situation

Reference
in this
European
Standard

1.1
1.5

Crushing,
trapping

Lifting device

Crushing or trapping between

6.4.1.2
waste container and lifting device 6.4.2

1.1
1.2
1.5

Crushing,
shearing,
drawing in

Inside body

Crushing or shearing by
compaction mechanism or
ejection plate

6.11.3
6.11.4

1.1
1.5

Crushing,
drawing in

Rotation drum
body

Drawing in between body and

rollers

6.2.5

1.9

Projection of
hydraulic fluid
under high
pressure

Lifting device,
Bodywork

Ejection of high pressure oil jet
caused by loose or broken oil
hoses

6.5

3.1

Contact with
hot surfaces

Exhaust pipe

Burns

6.13.1

Not mentioned in
EN 1050 but in
EN ISO 12100

Lack of
information

Side loaded RCV

Risky reactions of the operatives

6.3.3
6.4.2.1
6.9.2.3
6.9.3.1
6.9.4.1
6.9.4.2
6.9.4.3

Not mentioned in
EN 1050 but in
EN ISO 12100

Modifications
by operatives

Areas covered
previously for risks
due to

mechanisms

Unauthorised modifications of
controls/control circuit

6.9.3.1
6.10.1.2

8.1

Unhealthy
posture

Cab working
station (seat)

Too long turning of head and
body

6.9.4.4

8.4

Insufficient
illumination

Operation area of
lifting device

Various hazards e.g. by unsafe

handling of waste, containers
and controls

6.10.12.1

8.6

Human error by side loaded RCV
lack of
information

Insufficient clear instructions for
operation, maintenance and
repair

7.1
7.2
7.3

8.7

Inadequate
design of
manual
controls

Operating controls

Accidental use of control
switches, levers or joysticks

6.4.1.3
6.7
6.9.2.2
6.9.3.1
6.9.3.4

8.8

Inadequate
design and
place of visual
display units

All moving parts

Unexpected movement by
actuation of the wrong control
command

6.7
6.9.3.1
6.9.3.4

10.1

Failure of
hydraulic and
control system

Discharge door
Failure of system that control
during cleaning the raising or lowering discharge
closing edge after door
ejection of waste

6.3.1.2
6.3.1.3
6.3.1.4
6.3.2

15


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Table 1 (continued)

16

Corresponding
clause in
Annex A of
EN 1050:1996

Hazard

Risk area

Hazardous situation

Reference
in this
European
Standard

10.2

Restoring of
energy

All moving parts

Machine movement
unintentionally starts caused by
recovered energy e.g after failure
of power

6.4.1.3
6.9.1.2
6.9.3.1
6.9.3.3
6.10.6

10.3

External
influence on
electrical

equipment

All moving parts

Unexpected movements

6.10.2

14

Failure of
control circuit

All moving parts

Machine movement
unintentionally starts caused by
recovered energy e.g. after
unexpected engine stop

6.9.1.2
6.9.1.3
6.9.3.3
6.10.1.2
6.10.7

14

Failure of
control circuit

All moving parts

Unintentional starting or failure
on stop functions due to bad
design of controls/control circuit

6.9.1.1
6.9.2.1
6.9.3
6.10.3
6.10.4
6.10.5
6.10.6
6.10.8
6.10.9
6.10.10
6.10.11
6.10.12

15

Errors of fitting

All moving parts

Unexpected movements.
Faulty connections

6.1

6.4.1
6.6
6.9
6.10

16

Break down of
hoses during
operation

Area underneath
top hinged
discharge door

Free fall of the raised discharge
door due to breakage of the oil
pressure hoses (when it is not
secured)

6.3.1.2

16

Break down
during
operation

Interchangeable
body

Loss of interchangeable body
during compaction by break
down of interlocks

6.6.2

16

Break down
during
operation

Lifting device

Parts of the lifting device and/or
waste container fall off

6.4.1.2

17

Falling objects

Lifting device

Waste container falls off by
collision with compaction
mechanism

6.4.1.1

17

Falling objects

Waste container

Waste container falls off caused
by human error when controlling
the lifting device

6.4.2.1
6.4.2.4
6.4.2.6


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Table 1 (concluded)
Corresponding
clause in
Annex A of
EN 1050:1996

Hazard

Risk area

Hazardous situation

Reference
in this
European
Standard

17

Falling off by
inadequate
design of
machine parts

Lifting device

Waste falls off the waste
container beside the side loaded
RCV due to improper design
either of the hopper or of the
kinematics of the lifting device

6.4.1.1
6.4.1.2

17

Falling off by
Lifting device.
incompatible

Waste container
design of waste
containers

Waste falls off the waste
container beside the side loaded
RCV by too high clamping
position of the waste container

6.4.1.1
6.4.2.4

17

Falling off by
inadequate
closing of the
body

Interchangeable
body

Waste falls out of the body

6.6.1

18

Tipping over

RCV

Tipping over of RCV by lack of
stability

6.3.3
6.12

18

Tipping over

Interchangeable
body

Tipping over of interchangeable
body under bad handling and
storage conditions

6.6.4

20.3

Movement
Lifting device
without all parts
in rest position

Hitting other vehicles or
pedestrians when driving with

extending arm out

6.4.1.2

21.1

Falling down of
operatives

Cab entry

Injuries to operatives when
getting in or out of the cab when
RCV is in motion

6.8.2

21.4

Penetration by
objects

Cab working
station and cab
seat(s)

Hard and sharp wastes pushed
into the cab by the compaction
mechanism

6.2.2.2

21.5

Insufficient
visibility

Lifting device

Injuries to pedestrians and bikers 6.9.4.4
by operating the lifting device
6.9.4.5
without observing the functional
area by the operative

21.5

Insufficient
visibility

Cab working
station and cab
seat(s)

When moving into the flowing
6.9.4.6
traffic if driver's seat is located on
kerb side

25.2

Unexpected
movement of
lifting device

Lifting device

Hitting other vehicles or
pedestrians by accidental
extension of the extending arm

27.1.4

Unexpected
Lifting device
movement of
waste container

Lifting device unexpectedly
6.4.1.1
lowers or waste container falls off 6.4.1.2
due to failure of the power supply 6.5

27.1.5

Inadequate
Lifting device
holding devices

Waste container is not clamped

strongly enough

6.4.2.4
6.4.2.5

27.1.5

Inadequate
Lifting device
holding devices

Waste container not locked
safely on to the lifting device

6.4.1.2

6.4.2.1
6.4.2.2
6.4.2.3

17


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

6

Safety requirements

6.1

General

Side loaded RCVs shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause. Furthermore,
side loaded RCVs shall be designed in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards
relevant but not significant which are not dealt with in this European Standard. All systems and components
shall be specified and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
For the application of EN 294, EN 349, EN 982, EN 60204-1, the manufacturer shall carry out a risk
assessment for any additional requirement not dealt with in this European Standard.

6.2

Compaction mechanism

6.2.1

Controls for the compaction mechanism

When the side-loaded RCV is mono-operative, the automatic cycle of the compaction mechanism shall be
interlocked with the presence of the operative in the cab.
6.2.2
6.2.2.1

Interaction between bodywork and compaction mechanism
Compaction against the discharge door

The design shall take into account the dynamic forces on the discharge door, the connections between the
discharge door and the body and the connections between the compaction mechanism and the body, all of
which need to withstand the forces generated of the compaction mechanism.

6.2.2.2

Rear of the cab protection

The design of the compaction mechanism and its mounting inside the bodywork shall take into account the
compaction type, the dynamic forces with special regard to the protection of the cab. The design shall be such
that no hard and sharp wastes can be pushed out of the body by the compaction mechanism, e.g. retracting
compaction plate, and penetrate into the cab through its rear wall for example by deflection of the waste,
reinforced rear wall, sensorized shield.
6.2.3

Relationship between the compaction mechanism and the height of the rave rail

6.2.3.1
The height of the rave rail for hand loading (see 3.9 and 3.19) above the level on which the sideloaded RCV is standing (see Figure A.2) shall be at least 1 200 mm (see Figure A.2)
6.2.3.2
The compaction mode for open systems (as defined in 4.2.1.2) shall be semi-automatic or manual
as described in 4.2.2.2 or 4.2.2.3.
6.2.3.3
When a guide flap is adjustable to allow open and closed systems (see Figure A.2), the guide flap
shall be interlocked to prevent the automatic cycle in the open system. The Interlock shall be in accordance
with 3.2 of EN 1088:1995 and 6.2.2 of EN 954-1:1996 and shall be at least an interlocking without guard
locking and with at least safety category 1.
6.2.4

Side loaded RCV with interchangeable body

When the body can be separated from the compaction mechanism or removed for separate transportation, the
compaction mechanism shall be interlocked, when the body is not locked to the compaction mechanism. The
interlocking system shall meet category 1 of EN 954-1:1996.

18


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

6.2.5

Side loaded RCV with rotation drum body

Where the rotation drum body creates a potential shearing or crushing trap fixed guards according to EN 953
shall be fitted.

6.3
6.3.1

Discharge system
Discharge door

6.3.1.1
When a manually operated discharge door locking and unlocking mechanism is fitted, the control
device shall be situated outside the discharge door trajectory at a sufficient distance (see EN 953).
6.3.1.2
When the discharge door is lifted hydraulically, it shall be equipped with hose burst protection
valves mounted directly on the lifting cylinders or with other devices to prevent unintended closure. When the
discharge door is lifted by other means, an equivalent over-speed protection shall be provided. When the
discharge door is lifted, it shall be by means of a single hold-to-run control.
6.3.1.3
Lowering of the lifted discharge door shall be by means of the two-hand hold-to-run control which

shall be located in such a way that the operative has a permanent direct view of the closing edges. An
additional set of hold-to-run controls for opening and closing of the discharge door may be installed in the cab.
This control device shall be designed to avoid actuation other than intentional (see in addition 6.9.1.1). When
more than one control station can be used, interlocked controls according to EN 60204-1 shall be used.
The total closure time of the discharge door shall not be less than 20 s. The cab controls shall not be capable
of completely closing the discharge door, and a minimum gap of 1 000 mm shall be left between the bottom
edge of the discharge door and the body.
The final closure shall only be possible by the two-hand hold-to-run control outside at the rear (see in addition
6.10.5).
6.3.1.4
The discharge door or tilting body shall be prevented from falling and closing unintentionally
during maintenance or cleaning by means of (a) specific mechanical restraint device(s). This (These)
device(s) shall be permanently fixed in position and shall be capable of supporting the full weight of the
discharge door or body and the possible hydraulic forces.
6.3.1.5
When the discharge door is laterally hinged, mechanical securing devices shall be provided to
keep it open.
6.3.2

Emptying the body

The working station shall be located away from any falling waste.
For emptying the compaction mechanism and hopper, the compaction mechanism can be activated from the
discharge door working station by a hold-to-run control device only when the body is fully tilted or the ejection
plate is totally extended or before starting the ejection plate movement for discharging.
6.3.3

Raised body and discharge door warning

As a minimum, a visual and audible warning shall be activated in the cab to warn the driver that the body or

the powered discharge door is in an unsafe position for travelling. It shall not be possible to deactivate this
warning, when the engine of the side loaded RCV is on and shall be automatically reactivated when switching
the engine on.

19


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

6.4

Lifting device

6.4.1
6.4.1.1

General requirements
General requirements for the design

Any crushing and shearing hazards shall be minimized by design according to EN 349 or appropriate
shielding according to EN 953.
To prevent foot injuries, the distance between the lower edge of the lifting device and the level on which the
side loaded RCV is standing shall be at least 320 mm including a conventional kerb height of 200 mm
(see 3 in Figure A.2). If movement of the lifting device down to the ground level is necessary, the distance
between 120 mm and the horizontal ground shall be controlled by a hold-to-run control situated in a position
where the lifting device is in full view.
The volume of the hopper and the performances of the compaction mechanism and the lifting device shall be
designed taking into consideration the volume of the largest designated waste container in order to avoid
waste falling out of the hopper.

When the hopper is emptied by the compaction mechanism at the same time as the lifting device is being
operated, the design shall be such that the waste container and the compaction mechanism shall not collide
and no damage to the container shall result.
The hydraulic lifting device shall be equipped with safety devices for hose burst protection (e.g. hydraulic
restraint valves mounted directly on the lifting cylinders) or with other devices to prevent unintended lowering.
They shall be mounted directly on the lifting rams.
6.4.1.2

The lifting device shall meet the following requirements:



be designed for the designated waste containers as noted in the information for use;



be designed for the maximum permissible lifting mass of the designated waste containers. The dynamic
test load shall be 1,1 times the maximum permissible mass;



be provided with a device preventing a lift in excess of the maximum permissible mass;



be provided with a device to accurately locate the designated waste container in the lifting device;



be provided with a device to automatically lock and keep locked the designated waste container in the

lifting position before the tilt of the waste container reaches 30 degrees from vertical or before the height
of the prehension point reaches 2 000 mm from the horizontal level where the side loaded RCV is
standing. In the automatic lifting mode the device shall also verify that the designated waste container is
locked in position during the whole sequence.

The designated waste container shall remain locked in position as long as the container is lifted more than
400 mm (600 mm including a conventional kerb height of 200 mm) from the level on which the side loaded
RCV is standing, even if electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic energy fails. Any electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic
failure shall not result in unlocking of the waste container.
The maximum peripheral speed of any reachable part of the lifting devices with designated waste containers
shall not exceed 2,5 m/s for waste containers with a capacity less than 2 500 l and 1,5 m/s for waste
containers with a capacity larger than 2 500 l, during the lowering movement. This applies up to a height of
2 700 mm (including a conventional kerb height of 200 mm) from the level on which the side loaded RCV
stands.
Provisions shall be made to ensure that no waste is spilt e.g. by design of the relative position of the
designated waste containers with the hopper during emptying.

20


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

6.4.1.3

Operation of lifting devices

The movement of control devices shall be consistent with their effect and user-friendly, for example:
For button operated lifting devices:
upper button

= lift

lower button

= lower

For lever operated lifting devices, the operating direction of the lever shall correspond to the stated movement:
pull

= lift

push

= lower

The direction of movement achieved by a button, lever or rotary switch shall be clearly identified by an arrow
highlighting the direction.
Control devices may be switched over to manual mode with a mode selector for maintenance, repair, resetting
or restoring following degraded working conditions. The change-over operation shall not initiate any lifting or
tilting operation. In any case, operations that could release lifted containers shall only be possible in the lowest
lift position.
Stopping the lifting device, in an automatic or semi-automatic mode, will require a new command to restart.
When the side loaded RCV is equipped with more than one lifting device, it shall not be possible for the same
operative to simultaneously operate the lifting devices.
If the lifting device is in a position where some parts of it and/or waste container protrude beyond the
dimensions of the side loaded RCV, any possibility of travel movement shall be prevented.
If the lifting device can be activated from both inside the cab and outside, a selection switch is provided in the
cab to ensure that only one is operable at the same time.
6.4.2

Additional requirements for extending and folding and/or clamping lifting devices

6.4.2.1
When the side loaded RCV is travelling, the lifting device shall not be capable of being operated
and shall be secured by any mechanical locking (e.g. positively actuated by gravity, pneumatically,
hydraulically, electrically) or by hydraulic locking in its rest position against any unintentional movement except
for positioning purposes (see 6.4.2.3).
6.4.2.2
Clamp and/or extending arms shall be locked by a positive locking device when the side loaded
RCV is travelling. A hydraulic locking is accepted if a safety valve is fitted directly to the locking cylinder(s).
The safety valve shall withstand a load of two times of the defined clamping force or the maximum defined
load of the extending arm.
6.4.2.3
If the lifting device is in a position where some parts of it protrude beyond the dimensions of the
side loaded RCV, there shall be an optical warning (red warning light) in the cabin. The side loaded RCV shall
not be able to be driven faster than 6 km/h (positioning movement, see 3.27).
6.4.2.4
The clamp itself shall only be controlled by a specific separate hold-to-run control. In case of loss
of power the clamp shall not open and release the load.
6.4.2.5
The closing forces of the clamp shall be high enough to hold the waste container and nominal
load safely during the whole cycle. The dynamic test load shall be performed according to 6.4.1.2 (second
dash).

21


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009
EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

6.4.2.6
A safety distance under the provisions of EN 349 shall be maintained between the jaws during the
lifting sequence of the container or when no container is present. If the full closure of the clamp is necessary
(e.g.: rest position or small container), a restart of the closure or clamping movement shall only be possible
through an intentional activation and with permanent monitoring by the operative.
6.4.2.7
Opening of the clamp shall only be possible when the waste container has been returned to the
same or a lower level as when closing the clamps.

6.5

Hydraulic power system

All hydraulic hoses, tubes and fittings shall be designed for a burst pressure of at least 2 times the working
pressure. Where hoses are located on the sides of the side loaded RCV and within 500 mm of persons
standing at the working station or passing by, they shall be shielded against oil jets resulting from sudden
hose failure (oil jet coming out). The protection shall be sufficiently sturdy to divert fluids away from persons.
The hydraulic power system shall comply with the requirements of EN 982.

6.6

Interchangeable body system

6.6.1 The waste shall be securely contained inside the body during separation of the body and subsequent
handling.
6.6.2 The locking system between the compaction mechanism and the body and/or between the body and
the chassis, shall be designed to withstand the compaction forces taking into account the maximum dynamic
stress. Unlocking shall only be possible by an intentional action.
6.6.3 Mounting/demounting mechanisms of the body shall be designed to take into account all dynamic

forces of the interchangeable body while mounting/demounting it on the chassis.
6.6.4 The body shall be compatible with the designated handling system and stable under all handling and
storage conditions. These conditions shall be stated in the information for use.
6.6.5 The control for the mounting/demounting shall be hold-to-run and be positioned to provide a complete
view of the operation. The locking on the chassis and/or with the compaction system shall be stated in the
information for use.
6.6.6 In case of cab controlled operation, the control shall not be capable of completely mounting the body
and a minimum distance of 1 000 mm shall be left between the edge of the interchangeable body and the
compaction mechanism. The final mounting shall only be achieved by an outside two-hand hold-to-run control,
with a clear view of the entire shear/crushing gap.
6.6.7 If the operation for mounting/demounting is controlled from the operative's position in the cab, there
shall be a clear view of the rear part of the chassis and storage area. This clear view has to be achieved with
a CCTV system which shall be active during these operations without the possibility for switching off. The final
closure is performed according to 6.6.6.
6.6.8 When using a remote control, it shall be a wired remote control. It shall not be possible to operate the
remote control from inside the cab. The remote control shall be of sufficient length to allow the operative
control from a safe area. The final closing of the 1 000 mm gap shall only be achieved by a two-hand hold-torun control, with a clear view of the entire shear/crushing gap.

6.7

Operating symbols

6.7.1 The following operating elements shall be provided with pictograms (graphical symbols) according to
their function and direction of movement. Examples are shown in Table 2. All the other operating elements
shall be provided with a pictogram and/or a proper description.

22


BS EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009

EN 1501-2:2005+A1:2009 (E)

Table 2 — Graphical symbols
No

Symbol

Meaning

No of symbol according to
ISO 7000/IEC 417 a

1

Rotating drum body

2

Manual compaction

3

Semi automatic compaction

4.1

4

4.2

AUTO

Automatic
compaction

4.3

5

SINGLE

MULTI

Rescue

23