Bsi bs en 01859 2009 + a1 2013

BRITISH STANDARD

Chimneys —
Metal chimneys
— Test methods

ICS 91.060.40

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

BS EN
1859:2009
+A1:2013

BS EN 1859:2009


BS EN 1859:2009+A1:2013

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1859:2009+A1:2013.
It supersedes BS EN 1859:2009 which is withdrawn.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated
in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of
the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is
indicated by .
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/506, Chimneys to Subcommittee B/506/5, Chimneys and their components
having inner linings of metal.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.

The publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
31 January 2009
© The British Standards
Institution 2013.
Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2013

ISBN 978 0 580 78887 1

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date

Comments

30 April 2013

Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2013


EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 1859:2009+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

April 2013

ICS 91.060.40

Supersedes EN 1859:2009

English Version

Chimneys - Metal chimneys - Test methods
Conduits de fumée - Conduits de fumée métalliques Méthodes d'essai

Abgasanlagen - Metall-Abgasanlagen - Prüfverfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 May 2009 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 24 February 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMIT É E UROPÉ E N DE NORMALISAT ION

E UROPÄISCHE S KOMIT E E FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2013 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide
for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 1859:2009+A1:2013: E


BS EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

Contents

Page

Foreword . ............................................................................................................................................................4
1

Scope . ....................................................................................................................................................5

2

Normative references . ..........................................................................................................................5

3

Definitions . ............................................................................................................................................5

4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.7
4.7.1

4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.3
4.8.4
4.8.5
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.10
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.10.4
4.11
4.11.1
4.11.2
4.11.3
4.11.4
4.12

Test methods for metal chimney products . .......................................................................................5
Compressive strength . .........................................................................................................................5
Sections and Fittings . ..........................................................................................................................5
Chimney support . .................................................................................................................................6
Tensile strength . ...................................................................................................................................6
Test assembly . ......................................................................................................................................6

Test procedure and results . .................................................................................................................6
Lateral strength . ....................................................................................................................................6
Fittings in non-vertical orientation. .....................................................................................................6
Wind load . ..............................................................................................................................................7
Gas tightness . .......................................................................................................................................7
Test assembly . ......................................................................................................................................7
Procedure and results . .........................................................................................................................7
Thermal performance test . ...................................................................................................................7
Apparatus . .............................................................................................................................................7
Test environment and conditioning . ................................................................................................ 10
Test procedure . .................................................................................................................................. 10
Results . ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Thermal resistance . ........................................................................................................................... 13
Test assembly . ................................................................................................................................... 13
Test procedure . .................................................................................................................................. 13
Results . ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Water vapour diffusion resistance . .................................................................................................. 14
Conditioning . ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Test assembly . ................................................................................................................................... 14
Test procedure . .................................................................................................................................. 14
Results . ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Condensate resistance test . ............................................................................................................. 14
Test apparatus . .................................................................................................................................. 14
Test sample . ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Measuring parameters . ..................................................................................................................... 14
Test procedure . .................................................................................................................................. 14
Test results . ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Rainwater resistance . ........................................................................................................................ 15
Chimney sections . ............................................................................................................................. 15
Rainwater terminal . ............................................................................................................................ 15

Terminal flow resistance . .................................................................................................................. 16
Conditioning . ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Test assembly . ................................................................................................................................... 16
Procedure . .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Results . ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Aerodynamic behaviour of terminal under wind conditions . ........................................................ 17
Conditioning . ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Test assembly . ................................................................................................................................... 17
Procedure . .......................................................................................................................................... 17
Results . ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Flow resistance of fittings . ............................................................................................................... 17

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EN EN
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EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.12.1
4.12.2
4.12.3
4.12.4

Determination of flow conditions . .................................................................................................... 17
Test assembly . .................................................................................................................................... 18
Execution of the measurements . ...................................................................................................... 18
Calculation of the friction value . ....................................................................................................... 19

5

Test report . .......................................................................................................................................... 19

Annex A (normative) Method for measuring ambient temperature . ........................................................... 34
Annex B (normative) Method for hot gas temperature measurements . ..................................................... 35
Annex C (informative) Method for metal surface temperature measurements . ........................................ 36
Annex D (normative) Method for combustible wood surface temperature measurements . .................... 37
Annex E (normative) Locations of thermocouples for surface temperature measurements . ................. 38
E.1
Test structure, surface temperatures . .............................................................................................. 38
E.2
Test chimney, surface temperatures . ............................................................................................... 38
E.2.1 General . ............................................................................................................................................... 38
E.2.2 Test chimney, freestanding . .............................................................................................................. 38
E.2.3 Test chimney, corner installation . .................................................................................................... 38
E.2.4 Test chimney, corner installation, enclosed. ................................................................................... 39
Annex F (normative) Simplified calculation of thermal resistance for circular flues . .............................. 43
Annex G (informative) Method for applying an evenly distributed load (horizontal) . ............................... 45
Annex H (informative) Possible test sequence . ............................................................................................ 46
Annex I (informative) Techniques for flue gas volume flow measurements . ............................................ 47
Bibliography . .................................................................................................................................................... 48

3


BS EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
EN

1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 1859:2009+A1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 166
“Chimneys”, the secretariat of which is held by !ASI".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 24 February 2013.
This document !supersedes EN 1859:2009".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

4


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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

1

Scope

This European Standard describes test methods for metal chimney products.

2

Normative references

!The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies."
EN 1443:2003, Chimneys  General requirements
EN 1856-1:2009, Chimneys  Requirements for metal chimneys  Part 1: System chimney products
EN 60068-2-59, Environmental testing  Part 2: Test methods  Test Fe: Vibration, Sine beat method
(IEC 60068-2-59:1990)
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
ISO 3966, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits. Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes

3

Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN 1443:2003 and EN 1856-1:2009 apply.

4

Test methods for metal chimney products

4.1

Compressive strength

4.1.1
4.1.1.1

Sections and Fittings
Test assembly

Assemble the fitting according to the manufacturer's installation instructions between two adaptors including
one chimney section (see Figure 1a). The adaptors shall be supplied by the chimney manufacturer and shall
transfer the test load in the usual way to the load bearing wall of the test components as it is done in the
installation. The test load shall be transferred to the test components by means of a pivoted plate.
4.1.1.2

Procedure and results

Increase the test load on the components without shock up to 4 times the design load where the flue liner is
load bearing or 3 times the design load where the flue liner is non load bearing. The load shall be measured to
an accuracy of 2 % of the design load. Record the result.
Where the design load is unknown, increase the test load uniformly and record the results to allow the point of
failure to be detected. Failure is deemed to have occurred when the fitting cannot sustain a further increase in
load.
Use the minimum value from three failure loads to determine the design load.

5

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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.1.2

Chimney support

4.1.2.1

Test assembly

Install the chimney support according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. Apply the test load to the
chimney support through a chimney section and an adaptor (see Figure 1b). The adaptor shall be supplied by
the chimney manufacturer and shall transfer the test load in the usual way to the load bearing wall of the
chimney sections. The test load shall be transferred to the test component by means of a pivoted plate.
4.1.2.2

Procedure and results

Increase the test load up to the design load without shock. Record the maximum displacement of the chimney.
Measure the displacement to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
Further increase the load up to 3 times the design load. Record the results.
Measure the load to an accuracy of 2 % of the design load.
Where the design load is unknown, increase the load uniformly and record the results to allow the point of
failure to be detected. Failure is deemed to have occurred when the support cannot sustain a further increase
in load.
Record the displacement during the load increase. Use the minimum value from three failure loads to

determine the design load.

4.2

Tensile strength

4.2.1

Test assembly

Install the chimney sections according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. Apply the test load
through an adaptor (see Figure 1c). The adaptor shall be supplied by the chimney manufacturer and shall
transfer the test load in the usual way to the load bearing wall of the chimney sections.
4.2.2

Test procedure and results

Increase the test load on the components without shock up to 1,5 times the design load. The load shall be
measured to an accuracy of 2 % of the design load. Record the result.
Where the design load is unknown, increase the test load uniformly and record the results to allow the point of
failure to be detected. Failure is deemed to have occurred when the fitting cannot sustain a further increase in
load.
Use the minimum value from three failure loads to determine the design load.

4.3

Lateral strength

4.3.1
4.3.1.1

Fittings in non-vertical orientation
Test assembly

Install the chimney fittings and supports at the maximum angle from vertical according to the manufacturer's
installation instructions using additional vertical supports to install the sections without deflection
(see Figure 2).
4.3.1.2

Procedure and results

Remove the additional vertical supports. Record the maximum deflection to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.

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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.3.2

Wind load

4.3.2.1

Test assembly

Install the chimney components according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. Use the test
assembly consisting of the manufacturer's declared freestanding components and further chimney sections up
to the manufacturer's maximum declared lateral support separation distance between the supports, and once
again the same distance up to an anchor point (see Figure 3).
4.3.2.2

Procedure and results
2

Apply an evenly distributed test load increased uniformly up to 1,5 kN/m ± 2,5 %.
NOTE
A method for applying an evenly distributed load is described in informative Annex G. Other methods using a
vertical assembly may also be used.

Apply the test load to those components declared by the manufacturer for external use, except 50 % of the
last laterally supported section of the test assembly.
Apply the test load by a number of individual evenly distributed loads equally spaced from the freestanding
end at not more than (0,2 ± 0,01) m intervals. The individual loads shall not vary by more than 1 %. Record
the results.

4.4

Gas tightness

4.4.1

Test assembly

Construct the test assembly as described in 4.5. Seal the test assembly chimney flue outlet with an air tight
seal. Use adaptors supplied by the manufacturer in order to ensure that the chimney inlet and outlet are

closed in a typical manner. Connect a positive pressure air supply and flow meter to the test chimney flue inlet
with appropriate air tight seals. Connect a manometer to the flue of the test assembly (see Figure 4).
4.4.2

Procedure and results

The test shall be carried out at ambient temperature.
Deliver air from the air supply to the flue at a rate necessary to achieve and maintain the required test
pressure given in Table 1 of EN 1856-1:2009.
Measure the test pressure and the air flow rate, both to an accuracy of ± 5,0 %.
Record the air flow rate.

4.5

Thermal performance test

4.5.1

Apparatus

The test assembly shall comprise a test structure (see 4.5.1.2), a test chimney (see 4.5.1.3), a hot gas
connecting pipe (see 4.5.1.4), and measuring equipment (see 4.5.1.5).
4.5.1.1

Test assembly

Construct an open room outlet test assembly consisting of the test chimney in the test structure.
The chimney shall be tested according to Figure 5.
NOTE

Figure 6 shows the arrangement for testing off-sets.

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EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.2.1

Test structure
General

Construct a test structure consisting of two walls at right angles and two floors through which the test chimney
passes, of construction as described in 4.5.1.2.2 and 4.5.1.2.3 or of equivalent thermal characteristics and
dimensions. The floor opening and wall position shall enable the test chimney to be erected so that all parts of
the test structure are at the manufacturer's specified clearance X mm from the chimney. The area below the
first floor referenced as Zone A, the area between the first floor and second floor as Zone B, and the area
above the second floor as Zone C, as shown in Figure 5. The wall/floor interface shall be fitted with nominally
20 mm x 100 mm skirting board. The vertical distance between the floor and ceiling in Zone B shall be
(2 400 ± 25) mm. The height of the chimney protruding into Zone C shall not be less than 900 mm. Timbers
shall have a dimensional tolerance of ± 1 mm.
4.5.1.2.2

Walls

Construct walls consisting of nominal dimension 38 mm x 89 mm thick timbers in a framework (see Figure 5)
faced on each side with one layer of nominally 12 mm thick plywood to give a total thickness of
113 mm ± 1 mm, insulated in the voids with mineral fibre insulant having a thermal conductivity of
3
0,035 W/m K ± 0,002 W/m K at 20 °C with a minimum density of 70 kg/m . The walls shall extend at least
1 200 mm.
4.5.1.2.3

Floors

Construct flooring framework of nominal dimension 50 mm x 200 mm timbers at the first floor level and
nominal dimension 50 mm x 100 mm timbers at the second floor level forming an opening that enables the
test chimney to be erected so that all parts of the test structure comply with the manufacturer's declared
minimum distance to combustible material from the chimney fittings (see Figure 5) and covered with one
thickness of nominal dimension 20 mm boarding for the floors and one thickness of nominal dimension 12 mm
plywood for the ceilings, except for the second floor ceiling (exposed top), and the spaces between the
timbers filled with 100 mm thick mineral wool slab with a thermal conductivity of 0,035 W/m K ± 0,002 W/m K
3
at 20 °C, with a minimum density of 70 kg/m .
4.5.1.3

Test chimney

Construct the test chimney using the components materials and construction representing the manufacturer's
product range, including a termination, and, at least 7 joints. Assemble the chimney in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions, including firestops or firestops and spacers to a height of not less than
4,5 m, including base support components, if used.
Construct the test chimney according to Figure 5 for all sections, T pieces and inspection openings.
Where a manufacturer’s product range includes bends, the test chimney shall include one offset
(see Figure 6), with an offset angle of maximum 45° and an offset distance of 0.75 m ± 0.25 m.

Any inspection opening shall be in Zone C.
Include any finishing (e.g. non-combustible enclosures or claddings) specified in the manufacturer's
instructions.
4.5.1.4

Hot gas connecting pipe

Construct a purpose-made insulated straight flue pipe having an internal diameter equal to that of the flue of
the test chimney of a length of approximately seven diameters (7D) measured from the centre line of the flue
gas generator to the entry to the test chimney, insulated to provide a thermal resistance value of not less than
that equivalent to 50 mm thickness of material having a thermal conductivity of 0,125 W/m K ± 0,005 W/m K at
750°C.
NOTE

8

This item should be supplied by the chimney manufacturer.


BS
1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.5.1.5
4.5.1.5.1

Measuring equipment and its location
Ambient temperature

Measure ambient air temperature with an accuracy of ± 1,5°C, in Zone A at a position 300 mm ± 5 mm below
the ceiling and in all other zones 300 mm ± 5 mm above the floor.
When testing a non-enclosed chimney, place additional ambient measuring points at levels corresponding to
the outer surface temperature measurements.
The method is described in normative Annex A.
4.5.1.5.2

Hot gas temperature

Measure the hot gas temperature with an accuracy of ± 3 °C for hot gas temperatures less than or equal to
600 °C and ± 0,75 % for hot gas temperatures greater than 600 °C at a position 50 mm ± 2 mm before the
inlet to the test chimney and at a point in the cross section coincident with the highest temperature position.
The method is described in normative Annex B.
4.5.1.5.3

Metal surface temperature

Measure the surface temperature of metal components with an accuracy of ± 1,5 °C.
A method is described in informative Annex C.
4.5.1.5.4

Combustible/wood surface temperature

Measure the surface temperature of the adjacent wood/combustible parts of the test structure with an
accuracy of ± 1,5 °C.
The method is described in normative Annex D.
4.5.1.5.5

Locations for surface temperature measurements

Establish the maximum temperature of the surfaces of the test structure and the test chimney during the
thermal cycle appropriate to the designation.
Locations for thermocouples are described in normative Annex E.
4.5.1.5.6

Chimney draught measurement

Measure the draught in the chimney with an accuracy of ± 2 %, through a 150 mm ± 2 mm length of stainless
mm
steel tubing, internal diameter 3mm 0+1mm
inserted through the flue pipe and flush with the flue surface and
sealed by brazing, at a distance of 100 mm ± 2 mm from the entry to the test chimney.
4.5.1.5.7

Hot gas volume flow

Measure the flue gas volume to an accuracy of + 10 %, - 5 %.
Informative Annex I gives acceptable techniques.

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EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
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EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.5.2

Test environment and conditioning

4.5.2.1

Test room

The test room shall consist of a ventilated space not subject to draughts greater than 0,5 m/s measured at the
ambient thermocouple positions (see 4.5.1.5). This requirement is deemed fulfilled in a closed test room.
Ambient temperature within the test building shall be maintained within the limit of 15 °C to 30 °C, measured
at the designated ambient temperature positions (see 4.5.1.5).
The humidity shall be controlled between 30 % - 70 % RH.
Ambient air shall be able to circulate freely between all parts of the test room.
The distance between the test assembly and other structures (e.g. test room walls) shall be at least 1,0 m.
4.5.2.2

Vibration conditioning

Vibration conditioning shall be undertaken using vibration equipment and measuring techniques complying
with EN 60068-2-59.
4.5.2.2.1

Procedure

Place each fitting intended for inclusion in the thermal test onto the vibrating table in its vertical orientation.
2
Subject each fitting to a sinusoidal excitation at an acceleration equal to 9,81 m/sec , with a frequency of
10 Hz and an amplitude of 2,5 mm for 45 min.
4.5.2.3

Drying/conditioning phase

Incorporate a drying phase into the thermal cycle if required by the manufacturer's instructions.
Blow hot gases into the chimney in such a way that the hot gas temperature (see 4.5.1.5.2) rises to the
nominated test temperature in 60 min ± 5 min, unless otherwise required.
4.5.3

Test procedure

Install the chimney components which have been subjected to the vibration conditioning criteria of 4.5.2.2 in
the test assembly which is appropriate to the manufacturer's declared product designation.
Encase a chimney designated for internal use and with combustible enclosure in Zone B on the remaining two
sides with 12 mm nominal dimension plywood and positioned on the basis of the manufacturer's specified
clearance to the enclosure and walls, measured between the outer surface of the chimney sections and the
interior surface of the enclosing materials. Such clearance is referenced by the dimension xx
(see Figures 5 and 6). Close the floor penetrations at each ceiling and floor level with a firestop or firestop and
spacer arrangement supplied by the manufacturer.
Seal only joints and openings between spacers or supports and the test structure and all joints in the
enclosure casing.
Install a chimney designated for use without an enclosure into the test structure, without enclosing the test
chimney and without closing the floor penetrations (see Figure 7).
For a chimney designated for internal use and with non combustible enclosure, the sides of the enclosure
shall be closed to the walls of the test assembly unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, (see
Figure 8). Install the floor penetration assembly supplied by the manufacturer.
Maintain the test environment.

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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
Generate hot gas with the velocity flow and test temperature specified in Table 1 appropriate to the product
designation and diameter.
Adjust the hot gas flow pattern so that the overall temperature distribution factor (OTDF) for the hot gas is not
greater than 1,05.
Where

OTDF =

peak hot gas temperature
mean hot gas temperature

(1)

Ensure that the hot gas CO/CO2 ratio does not exceed 0,01.
Maintain the ambient temperature of the test room so that it does not vary by more than 5 °C for the duration
of the test.
4.5.3.1

Heat stress test
+5

Generate hot gas with the volume flow at - % of the value and the test temperature at 0 % of the values
specified in Table 1 appropriate to the product designation and diameter. Regulate the rate of rise of the hot
gas temperature to achieve the specified gas temperature (Tt) in time T = (Tt x 60/50) s ± 30 s.
+5

Maintain the flue gas temperature at the specified test temperature at 0 % until equilibrium is achieved.
Equilibrium is deemed to exist when the average rate of rise of the temperature on the test chimney or
structure does not exceed 2 °C per 30 min.
In addition, for positive pressure chimney systems and negative pressure chimneys which incorporate a seal
or sealant as part of the joint, introduce hot gas to achieve the hot gas velocity and test temperature specified
in Table 1 for the product designation and diameter. Maintain this condition for 10 min, then shut off the hot
gas generator and allow to cool for 10 min. Repeat this cycle 11 times. Measure, at ambient temperature, with
an accuracy of 0.001 m, the change in vertical position of the chimney wall(s) at the top of the test sample
before and after subjecting the product to the cycles.
Measure and record the gas tightness according to 4.4.
4.5.3.2

Thermal shock test

With the test assembly temperatures within 10 °C of the test room ambient conditions generate hot gas with
the volume flow and test temperature specified in Table 1 appropriate to the diameter. Regulate the rate of
rise of the hot gas temperature to achieve 1 000 °C in 10 min ± 1 min.
Maintain the hot gas temperature at
generator.

+50
1000− 20 °C for a period of 30 min ± 1 min, then turn off the hot gas

Continue to record the temperatures on the test assembly until the temperatures have reached their maximum
and are decreasing.
Measure and record flue regularity and measure gas tightness according to 4.4.
Repeat the heat stress test.
4.5.4

Results

Record all temperature values as specified in 4.5.1.5. Record any instance where the temperature exceeds
the allowed values.

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EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
For the purposes of determining temperature rises on chimney accessory parts and on enclosures and
structures, such temperatures shall be related to the ambient air temperature as follows.
The temperatures of joists shall be related to the average of the ambient temperatures above and below the
joist area.
The temperatures of floor and roof material shall be related to the ambient temperatures above the floor or
roof.
The temperatures of ceiling material shall be related to the ambient temperature below the ceiling.
The temperatures of chimney surfaces or accessories shall be related to the ambient temperature of the zone
in which the chimney surface or accessory temperature is measured.
During the heat stress test the temperature rise shall be based on the ambient temperature recorded at the
end of the relevant firing period.
Table 1 — Hot gas velocity as a function of test temperature T and diameter of the test chimney
Hot gas velocity in m/s at test temperature
Temperature class
T 080

T 100

T 120

T 140

T 160

T 200

T 250

T 300

T 400

T 450

T 600

Sootfire

Test temperature in °C
Pressure
class

Negative
pressure

Positive

pressure

High positive
pressure

D
in
mm

100

120

150

170

190

250

300

350

500

550

700

1000

100

1,67

1,76

1,90

2,00

2,08

2,36

2,60

2,84

3,56

3,81

4,55

5,09

120

1,68

1,77

1,91

2,00

2,10

2,38

2,62

2,86

3,59

3,83

4,58

5,58

160

1,71

1,80

1,94

2,04

2,13

2,42

2,66

2,91

3,65

3,90

4,66

5,56

200

1,74

1,84

1,99

2,08

2,18

2,48

2,72

2,97

3,73

3,98

4,76

5,41

100

2,35

2,47

2,65

2,77

2,90

3,26

3,56

3,85

4,73

5,01

5,86

5,09

120

2,39

2,52

2,71

2,83

2,95

3,32

3,62

3,93

4,82

5,11

5,98

5,58

160

2,51

2,64

2,84

2,97

3,10

3,48

3,80

4,12

5,06

5,36

6,27

5,56

200

2,66

2,80

3,01

3,15

3,29

3,70

4,03

4,37

5,36

5,69

6,65

5,41

100

5,15

5,36

5,68

5,88

6,08

6,63

7,05

7,44

8,36

8,59

9,07

5,09

120

5,28

5,50

5,83

6,04

6,24

6,81

7,24

7,63

8,58

8,82

9,31

5,58

160

5,62

5,86

6,20

6,42

6,64

7,24

7,70

8,12

9,13

9,39

9,91

5,56

200

6,06

6,32

6,69

6,92

7,16

7,81

8,30

8,75

9,84

10,12

10,68

5,41

NOTE
The table refers to a maximum diameter of 200 mm. Hot gas velocities for other sizes are possible by
calculating according to EN 13384-1.

12


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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

4.6

Thermal resistance

4.6.1

Test assembly

Use a test assembly consisting of two fans, two electric heaters, and interconnecting tubes so that heated air
can pass around the test assembly. Install in each arm of the test assembly approximately two meters of the
already thermally tested chimney sections including at least two joints (see Figure 9).
4.6.2

Test procedure

Maintain the test environment specified in 4.5.2.1.
Circulate hot gas around the test assembly. The velocity of the hot air shall be of 4 m/s minimum and the hot
gas temperature at the ends of the test sections shall not differ by more than 10 K. For negative pressure
chimneys maintain the pressure in the test chimney between 0 Pa and -10 Pa.
Measure the internal and external surface temperature of the chimney sections as specified in 4.5.1.5.5.
For chimneys designated suitable for dry operation, the hot gas shall have a heat content and temperature so
that the inner surface of the chimney sections under test reaches a temperature 20 % below the designated
temperature (nominal working temperature), but not more than 200 °C.
For chimneys designated suitable for wet applications, the hot gas shall be water vapour saturated and shall
have a heat content and temperature such that the inner surface reaches a temperature of 70 °C. The gas is
considered saturated if humidity is equal to or greater than 95 % measured at entry to the test sample.
Adjust the temperature, heat content and humidity of the hot air until equilibrium conditions exist. Equilibrium
is reached when the difference between the outer surface temperature of the chimney sections and the
ambient temperature does not change by more than 1 % in 60 min. Record the heat input (Q1), in Watts, the
flue gas temperature tg and the internal (tj) and external (t0) surface temperatures.
Reassemble the test assembly without the test chimney sections or replace by the calibrated section. Repeat

the test as described before until the hot gas temperature is the same as during the tests with the chimney
sections in place, and until equilibrium condition exists. Equilibrium is reached when the difference between
the hot gas temperature and the ambient temperature does not change by more than 1 % in 3 h.
Record the heat input (Q2).
4.6.3

Results

Calculate the thermal resistance (1/Λ) from:

1 / Λ = Ai (ti − t0 ) / (Q1 − Q2 )

(2)

where

Q1
Q2
tj
t0

is the total heat input in watts with the chimney section;
is the total heat input in watts without the chimney sections;
is the inner surface temperature;

is the outer surface temperature;
Aj is the total inner surface area of the test chimney.

13

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EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

4.7

Water vapour diffusion resistance

4.7.1

Conditioning

Condition the already thermally tested chimney sections and fittings used in the test for offsets, (see Figure 6),
or if no offset has been tested, see Figure 5, by standing in the test environment of 4.5.2 for at least 12 h.
4.7.2

Test assembly

Install approximately 2 m of chimney fittings and sections including two joints into each arm of the test
assembly of 4.6.1.
Alternatively the vapour generator is connected to the flue gas inlet or to the segment in zone B of the test
chimney according to Figure 6 (or Figure 5 if no offset has been tested thermally).
4.7.3

Test procedure

Pass water vapour saturated air at a temperature of 55 ºC ± 2 ºC through the fittings at 4 m/s ± 0,1 m/s for
24 h ± 15 min.
For negative pressure chimneys maintain the pressure in the test chimney between 0 Pa and -10 Pa.
Determine the increase in the weight of the fittings to an accuracy of ± 0,5 g.
4.7.4

Results

Record any evidence of moisture penetration. Reweigh the test fittings and sections.
Record the increase in weight of the sections and fittings.

4.8

Condensate resistance test

4.8.1

Test apparatus

Spray equipment according to Figure 10.
4.8.2

Test sample

The test sample is the test chimney, see 4.5.1.3, including T-piece and cleaning doors.
4.8.3

Measuring parameters

a)

Detection of coloured water outside of fittings.

b)

Spray volume.

c)

Spray temperature.

d)

Weight of fitting.

4.8.4

Test procedure

Precondition the test sample to the thermal designation parameters (thermal stress and thermal shock tests).
Spray coloured water with a temperature of 50 °C, a pressure of 3 bar and a volume related to the diameter
3
(e.g. 0,020 m /h for 150 mm diameter) maintained during 4 h or until the water appears on the outside of any
fitting.

14


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1859:2009+A1:2013

EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
!Determine the increase in the weight of the fitting to an accuracy of ± 5 g."
4.8.5

Test results

Record the location of any appearance of water on the outside of any fitting.
!Record the increase in weight of the sections and fittings."

4.9

Rainwater resistance

4.9.1
4.9.1.1

Chimney sections
Conditioning

Condition for at least 48 h in the test environment of 4.5.2.1, those chimney sections which have been
subjected to the thermal performance test of 4.5 (located in Zone C, including any inspection opening). There
shall be at least one joint between the sections, and they shall be removed in their assembled state so that
any joint between the sections shall have been left undisturbed following the thermal performance test.
4.9.1.2

Test assembly

The test structure shall consist of a rotating free draining plinth. The spray tube shall be perforated to direct
jets of water towards the centre of the circle. Install the sections onto the centre of the plinth of the test
structure so that the centre of the spray arc is approximately at the centre of the flue below or level with the
joint (see Figure 11). Seal the joint where the sections stand on the plinth to prevent ingress of water into open
end of section.
The spray tube shall be constructed and dimensioned to allow the flow conditions of EN 60529 to be achieved
and maintained.
Alternatively the test assembly of 4.9.2 may be used.
4.9.1.3

Spray procedure

Determine the increase in the weight of the sections to an accuracy of ± 0,5 g.
Spray water for 60 min ± 1 min while oscillating the spray arc through an angle of 120° ± 5° (60° either side of
the vertical) and rotating the plinth. The time for one complete traverse (two traverses of 120º) shall be
6 s ± 1 s and the time for one revolution of the plinth shall be 5 min ± 1 min. Remove any surface moisture
from the surfaces of the chimney sections and condition the sections for at least 12 h, and not more than 24 h,
in the test environment of 4.5.2. The sections may be separated to facilitate removal of surface moisture.
Reweigh the test sections.
4.9.1.4

Results

Record the increase in weight of the test sections.
4.9.2
4.9.2.1

Rainwater terminal
Conditioning

Thermally condition the rainwater terminal to its test temperature either on the thermal test assembly, or in an
oven for 4 h.
4.9.2.2

Test assembly

A typical arrangement is shown in Figure 12.

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EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
The rainmaking installation is made up of parallel pipes in a horizontal plane. The tubes have small spray
holes (placed vertically downwards). These spray holes are evenly distributed across the area above the wire
mesh. The water from the spray holes shall be distributed through a web of fine 1,3 mm ± 0,1 mm wide wire
mesh, after which the water will fall in the form of raindrops.
The rain intensity shall be (1,6 ± 0,2) mm/min. Establish by calibration where, with and without wind, the rain
intensity is (1,6 ± 0,2) mm/min over an area that is at least 5 times the nominal diameter of the test sample.
For this calibration, 5 buckets of a diameter of 150 mm, one on each corner of a rectangular area and one in
the middle, shall be positioned at a level corresponding to the centre of the test sample. Make sure that the
nominal diameter of the test sample is less than 20 % of the area within the line circumscribing the buckets.
Start the calibration test during 10 min without wind and determine that the rain intensity is
1,6 mm/min ± 0,2 mm/min by weighing the 5 buckets. Repeat the calibration test with a horizontal airflow of
12 m/s.
The wind generator shall supply a horizontal airflow at a velocity of 12 m/s ± 0,5 m/s, measured in the place of

the test sample with a minimum wind front of 5 times the projected cross section of the terminal to be tested.
The outlet of the wind generator should be square or circular.
4.9.2.3

Procedure

Install the rainwater terminal fitted to some chimney sections according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Adjust the position so that the centre of the rainwater terminal is in the centre line of the wind generator
(see Figure 12).
Expose the test sample to the rain with a horizontal airflow from the wind generator of 12 m/s ± 0,5 m/s for at
least 20 min.
Collect and weigh any moisture entering the flue.
4.9.2.4

Results

Record the weight of water collected inside the flue.

4.10 Terminal flow resistance
4.10.1 Conditioning
Condition the flue terminal thermally to the test temperature corresponding to its designation either during the
thermal performance test 4.5, or in an oven for 4 h.
4.10.2 Test assembly
3

The test assembly comprises a fan capable of delivering a flue flow between and including 15 m /h and
3
120 m /h, measured to an accuracy of ± 5 %. A suitable means of measurement is by an appropriate orifice
plate arrangement.
4.10.3 Procedure

Connect the flue terminal to a flue duct with the same nominal diameter. The flue duct shall have a straight
length of at least 6 times the nominal diameter. Place pressure measurement points in the flue duct at a
distance of approximately 3 times the nominal diameter from the terminal. For this purpose, at least
3 openings, with a 1 mm diameter, shall be distributed evenly around the circumference of the duct, in a plane
perpendicular to the duct axis. The openings shall be free of burrs on the inside of the duct. These openings
shall be used to determine the average static pressure within the duct.
Deliver air by means of a fan at a nominal velocity in the flue of 2 m/s ± 2,5 %. Measure the pressure
difference between static pressure in the flue duct and the pressure in the test room. The pressure difference
is measured with an accuracy of ± 0,2 Pa.

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EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
4.10.4 Results
Record the pressure difference between static pressure in the flue duct and the pressure in the test room.
Record the result.

4.11 Aerodynamic behaviour of terminal under wind conditions
4.11.1 Conditioning
Condition the terminal thermally to the test temperature corresponding to its designation either during the
thermal performance test 4.5, or in an oven for 4 h, in the test assembly of 4.11.2.
4.11.2 Test assembly
a)

A wind generator capable of delivering a minimum wind front of 5 times the projected cross section of the
2
terminal to be tested but not less than 1 m . The overall wind velocity distribution shall be within 0,25 m/s
in the wind front at velocities up to 10 m/s at the terminal test position.

b)

A fan capable of delivering a flue flow between and including 15 m /h and 120 m /h, measured to an
accuracy of ± 5 %. A suitable means of measurement is by an appropriate orifice plate arrangement.

3

3

4.11.3 Procedure
Connect the flue terminal to a flue duct with the same nominal diameter. The flue duct shall have a straight
length of at least 6 times the nominal diameter. Place pressure measurement points in the flue duct at a
distance of approximately 3 times the nominal diameter from the terminal. For this purpose, at least
3 openings, with a 1 mm diameter, shall be distributed evenly around the circumference of the duct, in a plane
perpendicular to the duct axis. The openings shall be free of burrs on the inside of the duct. These openings
shall be used to determine the average static pressure within the duct.
Deliver air by means of a fan at a nominal velocity in the flue of 1 m/s ± 2,5 % for terminals for negative
pressure chimneys and 2 m/s ± 2,5 % for terminals for positive pressure chimneys. Measure the pressure
difference between static pressure in the flue duct and the pressure in the test room. The pressure difference
is measured with an accuracy of ± 0,2 Pa.
Rotate the flue terminal in front of the wind system in such a way that wind pressure angles relative to the flue
terminal range from downward wind (+ 90°) to an upward wind (-45°) in maximum steps of 7,5°.
Determine the pressure characteristics through wind influences of the flue terminal under the following
conditions:
a)

a nominal velocity of 2 m/s in the flue duct.

b)

wind speeds of 3, 6, 9, 12 m/s in combination with wind direction angles ranging from -45° to + 90°.

4.11.4 Results
Record the pressure characteristics.

4.12 Flow resistance of fittings
4.12.1 Determination of flow conditions
The air velocity in the components tested shall be set in such a way that the air flow rate equals the nominal
flow rate, depending on the actual inside diameter of the fittings.
The nominal flow rate is a function of the nominal diameter and the nominal velocity, where:

17


BS EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

V nom =

π
4

D nom wnom 3600
2

(3)

where

Vnom

is the nominal air flow rate in square metres per hour;

Dnom

is the nominal diameter in metres;

wnom

is the nominal velocity in metres per second.

4.12.2 Test assembly
A fitting is connected on both sides to a measuring duct through which test air is supplied and discharged.
These measuring ducts shall have a straight length of at least 2000 mm and, except for testing adaptors, the
same diameter.
Pressure measuring points are placed in the measuring ducts. For this purpose, at least 3 openings with a
1 mm diameter are distributed evenly across the circumference of each duct, in a plane in line with the central
line. These openings shall be free of burrs on the inside of the duct. The average static pressure in the duct is
measured via these openings.
The length of the measuring ducts, the position of the pressure measuring points in the measuring ducts and
the position of the pressure measuring points relative to the connected pipe or fitting to be tested and the

position of the pressure measuring points relative to the other supply and flue ducts to which the measuring
ducts are, in turn, connected shall be such as to permit an undisturbed flow at all times, over a distance of
15 dmeasuring duct on each side of the pressure measuring points.
For testing adaptors, measuring ducts of varying diameter are available.
These measuring ducts of varying diameter, reducing or enlarging, are made of stainless steel with the
smoothest possible finish and have a transition angle α = 10° (2 x 5°).
The air transport through the ducts is set to an accuracy of ± 2,5 %. The pressure differential between the
supply and flue duct is measured to an accuracy of ± 0,2 Pa.
All tests are carried out with air at a temperature of the test environment.
4.12.3 Execution of the measurements
The friction of a section or fitting is determined as the difference between the static pressures in the two
measuring ducts.
Testing takes place at a nominal flow rate equivalent to a nominal velocity of 6 m/s in the pipe section or fitting
to be tested.
First determine the friction of the measuring duct between the pressure measuring points without the pipe
section or fitting to be tested. There are two possible situations:
a)

There are two measuring ducts of the same diameter.

b)

There are two measuring ducts of different diameter because a reducing or enlarging adaptor should be
tested.

In the latter case, a reducing or enlarging measuring duct (see 4.12.2) should be placed between the two
measuring ducts referred to above.

18

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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)
Mount the section or fitting to be tested in the rig (after removing the reducing or enlarging measuring duct if
fitted). Determine the friction of the measuring ducts between the pressure measuring points again. The
friction of the section or fitting is then given by the difference between the two test results.
NOTE

The friction of the reducing or enlarging measuring ducts is thus ignored.

4.12.4 Calculation of the friction value
The friction value may be calculated from the friction measured according to 4.12.3 by means of the equation:
ζ=

∆p
1
2
ρ w nom
2

(4)

where

ζ

is the zeta = friction factor;

∆p

is the measured friction in Pascals;

ρ = rho

is the density of air = 1,202 kg/m ;

wnom

is the nominal velocity in metres per second.

NOTE

3

In the case of adaptors, wnom is related to the smaller diameter.

In carrying out the friction measurement as described under 4.12.3, i.e. with:

wnom = 6 m/s,
the equation, therefore, becomes:

ζ = 0,0462∆ρ
5

(5)

Test report

The test report should include the following:
a)

number and year of publication of this European Standard, i.e. EN 1859:2009!+A1:2013";

b)

description of the product or assembly tested;

c)

test applied and results obtained.

19


BS EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

(a)

Compressive strength on
fitting ref, see 4.1.1.1

(b) Compressive strength on
chimney support, see 4.1.2.1

(c) Tensile strength on chimney
section, see 4.2.1

Key
1
2

Adaptor
Direction of flue gas

Figure 1  Structural test configurations

20


BS
1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

Key
lmax = maximum declared length between supports

Figure 2  Structural strength - Fittings in non-vertical orientation

21


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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

Key
A

manufacturer's declared freestanding length

B
C

wall bracket
manufacturer's declared maximum wall bracket separation distance

P
D

anchor point
distance over which the load is distributed = A + C + C/2

Figure 3  Wind load test assembly

22

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1859:2009+A1:2013
EN EN
1859:2009+A1:2013
(E)
EN 1859:2009+A1:2013 (E)

Key
1
2

Test chimney
Equipment for closing the outlet (plate or bladder)

3
4

Seal/adaptor
Flowmeter

5
6

Fan (air supply)
Manometer

Figure 4  Gas tightness on a test chimney

23