Bsi bs en 01935 2002 (2004)

BRITISH STANDARD

BS EN
1935:2002
Incorporating
Corrigendum No. 1

Building hardware —
Single-axis hinges —
Requirements andtest
methods

The European Standard EN 1935:2002 has the status of a
British Standard

ICS 91.190

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BS EN 1935:2002

National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1935:2002,
including Corrigendum December 2003.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and curtain walling, to
Subcommittee B/538/4, Building hardware, which has the responsibility to:
—

aid enquirers to understand the text;

—

present to the responsible international/European committee any
enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;

—

monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of
British Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

Amendments issued since publication
This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
17 August 2004
© BSI 17 August 2004

ISBN 0 580 39272 4

Amd. No.

Date

15315

17 August 2004 Correction to B.3

Corrigendm No. 1

Comments


EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 1935

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

February 2002

ICS 91.190

English version

Building hardware - Single-axis hinges - Requirements and test
methods
Quincaillerie pour le bâtiment - Charnières axe simple Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai

Baubeschläge - Einachsige Tür- und Fensterbänder Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

© 2002 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

B-1050 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 1935:2002 E


EN 1935:2002 (E)

Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3
1

Scope .................................................................................................................................... 4

2

Normative references .......................................................................................................... 4

3

Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................... 4

4

Classification ....................................................................................................................... 5

5

Requirements....................................................................................................................... 7

6

Test apparatus ..................................................................................................................... 9

7

Test methods ..................................................................................................................... 10

8

Marking ............................................................................................................................... 13

9

Evaluation of conformity................................................................................................... 14

Annex A (normative) Classification of use and typical applications of hinges .................. 16
Annex B (normative) Additional requirements for hinges intended for use on fire-resistant
and/or smoke-control door assemblies ................................................................................. 17
Annex C (normative) Hinges for use on burglar-resistant doors......................................... 18
Annex D (informative) Hinges for use with doors or windows of excess width ................. 19
Annex E (informative) Hinges for doors fitted with door closers......................................... 20
Annex F (informative) Maintenance of hinges, especially those fitted to doors on escape
routes........................................................................................................................................ 21
Annex G (normative) Graphs of allowable deformation and wear....................................... 22
Annex H (normative) Examples of test apparatus assemblies ............................................ 23

Annex J (normative) Flow chart of test procedures.............................................................. 26
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses addressing the provisions of the EU Construction
Products Directive (89/106/EEC) ............................................................................................ 27
Bibliography............................................................................................................................. 32

2


EN 1935:2002 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 1935:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 "Doors, windows,
shutters, building hardware and curtain walling", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by August 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
November 2003.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
Wherever reference is made to classes, they are considered to be technical classes and not classes according to
Article 3(2) of the Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).
A full contribution to the preparation of this standard has been made by the European manufacturers organisation
"ARGE".
This European Standard is part of a series of European Standards dedicated to building hardware products.
The test method for the static load tests and the durability tests for hinges intended for side-hanging applications
are derived from Swedish Standards SS 3442, SS 3443, and British Standard BS 7352:1990 (see bibliography).
Annexes B and C specify any additional requirements that apply to hinges for use on fire-resistant and/or smokecontrol doors or on burglar-resistant doors.

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ

Annexes D, E and F give guidance on the classification of duties and typical applications of hinges for use with
doors wider than 950 mm, hinges for doors fitted with door closers and the maintenance of hinges, especially those
fitted to emergency escape doors.
Annex J include a flow chart showing the sequence of testing for different test specimens.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction
Hinges suitable for side-hanging use are usually strong enough for top-hanging applications with hinged elements
of the same mass. However the load bearing and wearing surfaces are totally different for the two types of
application. It is intended to develop test methods for testing hinges in the top-hanging mode which will make it
possible to grade hinges for top-hanging applications more precisely. When hinges are used in top-hanging
applications it is important that all aspects of the hinge should be considered, e.g. it may be necessary to take
action to prevent loose pins from falling out.
In terms of the Constructive Products Directive (89/106/EEC), the essential requirements of this European
Standard are to allow self closing when used on fire/smoke compartmentation doors fitted with door closing
devices.

3


EN 1935:2002 (E)

1

Scope

This European Standard specifies requirements for single-axis hinges, of lift-off or fixed pin type, for use on access

windows and doors. Such windows and doors may or may not be fitted also with door closing devices. It includes
tests for static loads, shear strength and allowable wear during durability cycling for the following hinges:
a)

mounted on the edge of the door leaf or window sash and opening in one direction only;

b)

whose axis of rotation is within 30 mm of an edge of the movable element for a door leaf mass of up to 160 kg;

c)

whose axis of rotation is within 30 mm of the edge for a window sash with a mass up to 60 kg.

This European Standard classifies hinges for four categories of use (see annex A) and also specifies the maximum
permissible torque arising from frictional resistance generated within the hinge during endurance testing.
Corrosion protection requirements are specified for those hinges which are not intended to be protected after fitting.
There are no restrictions on the materials or the methods of fabrication used providing the hinge conforms to the
requirements relevant to its application.
The suitability of single axis hinges for use on fire/smoke compartmentation door assemblies is determined by
performance tests conducted in addition to the performance tests required by this European Standard. Annex B
indicates additional requirements for these products.
This European Standard does not apply to hinges incorporating spring-assisted door-closing mechanisms. Door
closers incorporating door co-ordinator devices (with or without electrically powered hold-open devices) are
covered by EN 1158.

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Although the fastenings used to fix hinges to window assemblies and door assemblies are not covered by this
European Standard, if the type of fastening to be used is supplied or specified by the manufacturer, such

fastenings are used for the tests.

NOTE
Performance standards for complete windows and door assemblies (in the course of preparation by CEN/TC
33/WG 1 and TC 33/WG 2) will ensure that the fastenings used to fix the hinge are adequate for their intended duty.

2

Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 1634-1, Fire resistance tests for door and shutter assemblies - Part 1 : Fire doors and shutters.
EN 1670:1998, Building hardware — Corrosion resistance — Requirements and test methods.
prEN 12519, Doors and windows — Terminology.

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
lift-off hinge
single-axis pivot wih only two knuckles, whose axis of rotation is within 30 mm of an edge of a movable element,
either side or top fixing

4

EN 1935:2002 (E)

3.2
fixed pin hinge
single-axis pivot with more than two knuckles, with either fixed or removable pin, whose axis of rotation is within 30
mm of an edge of a movable element, either side or top fixing

4

Classification

4.1 Coding system
For the purposes of this European Standard, hinges shall be classified according to the eight digit coding system
described in 4.2 to 4.9.

4.2 Category of use (first digit)
Four categories of use are identified for hinges. Annex A defines the typical applications of hinge grades.

4.3 Durability (second digit)
Three grades are identified for hinges manufactured to this European Standard.
Hinges are graded according to their frequency of use and the maximum mass of the hinged element with which
they may be used, in accordance with Table 1.
Hinges intended for use only on windows are tested to:


grade 3 :

10 000 cycles

grade 4 :

25 000 cycles

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Hinges intended for use on doors are tested to:


grade 4 :

25 000 cycles




grade 7 :

200 000 cycles

4.4 Test door mass (third digit)
Eight grades are identified according to Table 1 of this European Standard.

4.5 Suitability for use on fire/smoke compartmentation doors (fourth digit)
Two grades of suitability for use on fire/smoke compartmentation doors are identified for hinges manufactured to
this European Standard:



grade 0: not suitable for use on fire resistant and/or smoke control door assemblies;

grade 1: suitable for use on fire/smoke resistant door assemblies subject to satisfactory assessment of the
contribution of the hinges to the fire resistance of the specified fire/door assemblies. Such assessment is
beyond the scope of this European Standard (see EN 1634-1).

NOTE

Annex B indicates additional requirements for hinges to grade 1.

4.6 Safety (fifth digit)
All hinges are required to satisfy the essential requirement of safety in use. Therefore only grade 1 is identified.

5


EN 1935:2002 (E)

4.7 Corrosion resistance (sixth digit)
Five grades of corrosion resistance are identified according to EN 1670:



grade 0:

no defined corrosion resistance;




grade 1:

mild resistance;




grade 2:

moderate resistance;




grade 3:

high resistance;




grade 4:

very high resistance.

4.8 Security - Burglar-resistance (seventh digit)
Two grades of security are identified for hinges manufactured to this European Standard.



grade 0: not suitable for use on burglar-resistant door assemblies;




grade 1: suitable for use on burglar-resistant door assemblies, subject to satisfactory assessment of the
contribution of the hinges to the burglar resistance of specified burglar-resistant door assemblies. Such

assessment is beyond the scope of this European Standard.

NOTE

Annex C indicates additional requirements for hinges manufactured to grade 1.

4.9 Hinge grade (eighth digit)

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Fourteen grades of hinge are identified in this European Standard, as listed in Table 1.

6


EN 1935:2002 (E)

Table 1 — Classification summary
First
digit

Second
Digit

Third
digit

Fourth digit
Digit

Fifth
Digit

Sixth
digit

Seventh
digit

Eighth
digit

Category of use

Durability test

Test door

Fire/smoke
suitability

Safety

Corrosion

Security

Hinge

Cycles

mass
Grades
available

Grade
Availabl

Grades
available

Duty

Grade For use Grade
on :

Number of Grade Mass
Test cycles
kg

resistance

grade
Grades Grade
Available

Light
Light
Light

1
1
1

Window
Window
Door or
Window

3
3
4

10 000
10 000
25 000

0
1
1

10
20
20

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

1

1
1

0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

1
2
3

Medium
Light
Light

2
1
1

Door
Window
Door or
Window

7
3

4

200 000
10 000
25 000

1
2
2

20
40
40

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

1
1
1

0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

4
5
6

Medium
Light
Light

2
1
1

Door
Window
Door or
Window

7
3
4

200 000
10 000
25 000

2
3
3

40

60
60

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

1
1
1

0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

7
8
9

Medium
Heavy
Severe
Severe
Severe

2

3
4
4
4

Door
Door
Door
Door
Door

7
7
7
7
7

200 000
200 000
200 000
200 000
200 000

3
4
5
6
7

60

80
100
120
160

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

1
1
1
1
1

0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4
0,1,2,3,4

0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1
0 or 1

10

11
12
13
14

0

1

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4.10 Example of classification

2

7

3

1

1

10

This denotes a hinge for use in medium duty situations tested to 200 000 cycles, for use on doors with a mass up
to 60 kg, with no stated fire resistance, mild corrosion resistance, suitable for use on burglar resistant doors, and
with a hinge grading of 10.

5

Requirements

5.1 Initial friction torque measurements
For hinges tested in accordance with 6.4 the maximum permissible frictional torque shall be:
—

2 Nm for grades 1 to 7,

—

3 Nm for grades 8 to 11 and

—

4 Nm for grades 12 to 14.

7


EN 1935:2002 (E)

5.2 Static load
5.2.1

Load-deformation

For hinges tested in accordance with 7.3.2:
a) the lateral displacement under load shall not exceed 2 mm,
b) the vertical displacement under load shall not exceed 4 mm,

c) the ateral and vertical residual displacements after unloading shall be within the shaded area of Figure G.1
except that, when it is known that the hinges will be used in top hung mode only, the lateral deformation
measured in this test may be increased from 0,6 mm to 1 mm;
d) there shall be no breakage of any component nor any cracking visible to normal or corrected vision.
5.2.2

Overload

For hinges tested in accordance with 7.3.3:
e) there shall be no breakage of any hinge leaf, knuckle, barrel or pin nor any cracking or deformation visible to
normal or corrected vision;
f)

the hinged test element shall remain connected to the frame even though the hinge may have been rendered
inoperable.

5.3 Shear strength
NOTE

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This test shall not be applied to lift-off type hinges, (those with only two knuckles).

For hinges tested in accordance with 7.4:
g) there shall be no breakage or cracking of any hinge leaf, knuckle, barrel or pin, or lateral deformation greater
than 3 mm;
h) the additional lateral and vertical displacements after test shall not exceed 1 mm and the hinge shall operate
for 20 cycles without breakage of any hinge leaf, knuckle, barrel or pin;
NOTE
This requirement does not apply to severe-duty hinges in grade 14 for use on burglar-resistant door assemblies

(see 4.8).

i)

for severe-duty hinges for use on burglar-resistant door assemblies, grade 14, unlimited permanent
deformation shall be regarded as permissible provided that the hinge can be opened to the lesser of 95° or the
full angular movement initially permitted by the hinge at least once after test, by a torque not exceeding 220
Nm.

5.4 Durability
For hinges tested in accordance with 7.5:
j)

the amount of lateral and vertical wear of the hinge under test, measured as displacements from the datum
surface, shall be within the shaded area of Figure G.2;

k) the maximum permissible frictional torque measured after the first 20 cycles and also after completion of the
test shall be 2 Nm for grades 1 to 7, 3 Nm for grades 8 to 11, and 4 Nm for grades 12 to 14.

8


EN 1935:2002 (E)

5.5 Corrosion resistance
5.5.1

Hinges not intended to be protected after fitting

The requirements of 5.6 of EN 1670:1998 shall be met, according to the hinge classification (see 4.7).

The grade of corrosion resistance achieved shall be included in the hinge classification coding according to 4.7.
5.5.2

Hinges intended to be protected after fitting

For hinges intended to be protected after fitting, e.g. by painting in situ, the corrosion resistance classification code
shall be zero (see 4.7).

5.6 Hinges for use on fire-resistant and/or smoke-control doors
Hinges to be used on a fire-resistant or smoke-control door assembly shall comply with the additional requirements
of annex B.

5.7 Hinges for use on burglar-resistant doors
Hinges to be used on burglary-resistant doors shall comply with the appropriate requirements of annex C.

5.8 Families of hinges with common design features
Whenever, in a family of hinges for different applications, there is a similarity of important design criteria such as
pin diameter, knuckle diameter, type of washer, leaf thickness, materials, and the length of a hinge is not more than
20 % greater, or 12,5 % less than that of the hinge tested, it shall not be necessary for every variation of type to be
subjected to the durability test. However in every case the load-deformation, overload and shear strength (when
applicable) test shall be performed. The load-deformation, overload and shear strength test shall be carried out
when the shape of the hinge leaf is different from the tested hinge even though the other parameters are the same.
For any change of materials, this concession shall not apply unless it is clear that the alternative material is
superior. In all cases the load-deformation, overload and shear strength test (when applicable) shall be performed.

6

Test apparatus

6.1 Initial friction torque measurements, static load and durability tests

The test apparatus shall be capable of supporting a hinged test element weighing 480 kg, under which load the
vertical axis between the two hinges shall not alter by more than 1 mm from the unloaded position and shall
conform to the perpendicular attitude described below. The apparatus shall be constructed from materials that are
not significantly affected by changes in atmospheric conditions. The distance between the centres of the test hinge
and of the lower hinge shall be 1 540 mm ± 5 mm. The axes of rotation of the hinges shall be vertical within 0,1°
and co-linear within 2 mm. The centre of gravity of the hinged test element shall be 463 mm ± 10 mm from the
vertical axis of rotation and 770 mm ± 10 mm below the centre of the test hinge.
The test apparatus shall provide suitable mounting plates, positioned such that the centre of gravity of the hinged
element is equidistant between the fixing holes provided in the hinge leaves. The axis of rotation of the hinge shall
be parallel to the vertical face of the hinged element (see Figure H.2).
The lower hinge shall be positioned so as to allow free vertical movement in order that any wear or deformation
within the test hinge would result in movement of the hinged test element. The mass of the hinged element shall be
supported vertically by the test hinge only. The lower hinge shall exhibit an angular frictional torque of less than 1
Nm.
The position at which horizontal and vertical movement is recorded shall be as shown in Figure H.3.
A suitable apparatus shall be provided to cycle the hinged element smoothly through the lesser of
92,5° ± 2,5° or the full angular movement permitted by the hinge at a rate of (600 ± 30) cycles per hour. The
9


EN 1935:2002 (E)

opening and closing forces shall be applied without shock at 90° to the hinged test element 425 mm ± 75 mm
below the top test hinge centre and at least 400 mm from the vertical axis of rotation.
All tests are to be carried out on two hinges fastened to a rigid test apparatus. The vertical test loads are all carried
by a single hinge.
NOTE

A suitable test apparatus is illustrated in Figure H.1.

6.2 Shear strength test
The test apparatus shall consist of two adjustable square-edged metal blocks having meeting faces vertical within a
tolerance of ± 0,5 mm to which the hinge under test can be fitted. One block shall be mounted on a rigid bed and
the other shall be free to move vertically, e.g. by mounting on a pivoted beam as illustrated in Figure H.4. Means of
loading the movable block shall be provided at the point indicated.

6.3 Method of fastening hinges to test apparatus
If the hinge manufacturer supplies or specifies the type of fastenings to be used, the hinges under test shall be
fixed to the test rig with such fastenings.
If the hinge manufacturer does not supply or specify the type of fastening to be used and, if the hinges under test
are provided without fastenings but with fixing holes, these shall be used to fasten the hinge to the test apparatus
by means of well fitting machine screws that pass through the holes and have a head shape matched to the
contour of the holes.
Hinges that cannot be fastened directly to the test apparatus shall be rigidly fastened first to auxiliary fixtures that
match as closely as possible the intended profile shape of the door, window or shutter using the methods specified
by the manufacturer for fitting the hinges, such as bolts, clamps or welding. These auxiliary fixtures shall include
suitable mortises if they are essential to the proper functioning of the hinge under test. The auxiliary fixtures shall
then be rigidly fixed to the mounting plates provided on the test apparatus as shown in Figure H.1 and Figure H.4.
For all fastenings, a torque of 2 Nm ± 0,1 Nm shall be applied unless otherwise specified by the hinge
manufacturer.

6.4 Initial measurements
Mount the hinge under test on the test apparatus specified in 6.1 using the appropriate method as specified in 6.3.
Load the hinged test element to the mass specified in Table 1 according to the class of hinge under test.
Rotate the hinged element through the lesser of 92,5° ± 2,5° or the full angular movement permitted by the hinge
for 20 cycles without shock.
Measure and record the torque required to initiate movement of the hinged test element at opening angles of 0 ±
5°, 30° ± 5°, 60° ± 5° and 90° ± 5°.
Measure and record the initial horizontal and vertical gaps between the hinge elements and the datum surfaces.

7

Test methods

7.1 Sampling
7.1.1

General

Twelve hinges shall be provided from which five shall be selected for testing as specified in 7.1.2 to 7.1.5 (see flow
chart, annex J). If any hinge fails to meet all of the appropriate acceptance criteria for a test then further hinges
from the initial sample shall be retested as specified in 7.2.

10


EN 1935:2002 (E)

7.1.2

Initial measurements and static load tests (Sample 1)

One hinge shall be subjected to the appropriate initial measurement tests specified in 6.4 and then to the loaddeformation test and overload test specified in 7.3 in sequence.
7.1.3

Shear strength test (Sample 2)

Two hinges, not previously subjected to the static load tests, shall be subjected to the shear strength test specified
in 7.4.
7.1.4

Durability test (Sample 3)

One hinge, not previously subjected to any other tests, shall be submitted to the durability test specified in 7.5.
7.1.5

Corrosion test (Sample 4)

One hinge of each type not intended to be protected after fitting shall be submitted to the testing procedures
required to ensure compliance with the requirements of the appropriate grade of EN 1670. This hinge shall not
previously have been subjected to any other tests.
Hinges intended to be protected after fitting (e.g. by painting in situ) shall not be subjected to corrosion test.

7.2 Retesting
If any hinge fails to meet all of the appropriate acceptance criteria then two more hinges from the initial sample
shall be subjected to the test in which failure occurred. If both hinges retested then meet all of the appropriate
acceptance criteria the first failure shall be ignored.
If either of the two hinges retested fails to meet all of the appropriate acceptance criteria no further retesting from
the initial sample shall be allowed.

7.3 Static load tests
7.3.1

Prescribed loads

The hinged test element mass and prescribed loads in the load-deformation and overload tests for each grade shall
be as listed in Table 2. Tolerances for all loadings shall be

5
0

kg.

Table 2 — Static Load Tests
Hinge
Grade
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Load
deformation
mass
kg
20
40
40
40
80

80
80
120
120
120
160
200
240
320

Overload
mass
kg
30
60
60
60
120
120
120
180
180
180
240
300
360
480

Shear load
KN

1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
3,0
6,0
10,0
15,0
11


EN 1935:2002 (E)

7.3.2

Load-deformation

Apply without shock a further load maintaining the centre of gravity of the hinged element at the position specified
in 6.1. Ensure that the magnitude of the additional load is such that the total mass of the hinged test element plus
any additional load is equal to the load deformation mass specified in Table 2 for the specified hinge grade.
Rotate the hinged test element through 20 cycles as in 6.4. Measure and record the lateral and vertical gaps.
Remove the load without shock. Allow between 1 min and 2 min to elapse, then rotate the hinged test element five
times. Measure and record the lateral and vertical gaps.
Examine the hinge for any visible cracks, deformation or breakage of any component and record the results.

Verify that the requirements of 5.2.1 are met.
7.3.3

Overload

After completion of the tests given in 7.3.2 and again after completion of test 7.5 apply to the same hinges, without
shock, a further load maintaining the centre of gravity at the position specified in 6.1. Ensure that the magnitude of
the additional load is such that the total mass of the hinged test element plus any additional load is equal to the
overload mass specified in Table 2.
Rotate the hinged test element through five cycles.
Sustain the load for between 1 min and 2 min and then unload.
Examine the hinge for any visible cracks, deformation or breakage of any component and record the results.
Verify that the requirements of 5.2.2 are met.

7.4 Shear strength test
This test shall be performed on two separate hinges, with the hinge leaves alternately mounted to the fixed test
block of Figure H.4.
Measure the relative lateral displacement between the hinge leaves.
Mount the hinge under test on the test apparatus specified in 6.2 using the appropriate method as specified in 6.3.
Measure and record the torque on the fixing screws at the beginning and end of the test.
Without shock apply the shear load

5
0

% as specified in Table 2 at a uniform rate within 30 s ± 5 s and maintain it

for 1 min ± 10 s. Remove the load without shock.
Re-measure the lateral displacement between the hinge leaves.
Verify that the requirements of 5.3 are met.

7.5 Durability test
Mount the hinge on the test apparatus specified in 6.1 using the appropriate method specified in 6.3.
Ensure that the hinge has not previously been subjected to any other tests.
Load the hinged test element such that the total load is equal to the required test element mass

0 ,5
0

kg as

specified in Table 2.
Rotate the hinged element through the lesser of 92,5° ± 2,5° or the full angular movement permitted by the hinge
for 20 cycles without shock.
12


EN 1935:2002 (E)

Measure and record the torque required to initiate movement of the hinged element at opening angles of 0° ± 5°,
30° ± 5°, 60° ± 5° and 90° ± 5°.
Measure and record the initial horizontal and vertical gaps between the hinged element and the datum surfaces.
Measure and record the torque on the fixing screws at the beginning and end of the test.
Operate the hinged element through the lesser of 92,5° ± 2,5° or the full angular movement permitted by the hinge
for the appropriate number of cycles specified in Table 1.
Ensure that each cycle commences with the hinge fully closed and the speed of operation is
(600 ± 30) cycles per hour.
During the 200 000 cycle tests lubricate the hinge in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations after
every 25 000 ± 300 cycles up to and including 175 000 ± 300 cycles.
After 200 000 cycles, measure and record the final horizontal and vertical gaps between the hinged element and

the datum surfaces, ensuring that the fastenings used to fix the hinge to the test apparatus maintain the same
torque as at the beginning of the test.
After 10 000, 25 000 or 200 000 cycles, as appropriate, without further lubrication, repeat the measurement of
frictional torque and horizontal and vertical gaps.
Before removing sample subject the hinge to the overload test 7.3.3.
Verify that the requirements of 5.4 are met.
If the frictional torque value of the hinged test element exceeds the requirements of 5.4 adopt the following
procedure to ensure that the lower hinge has remained within the requirements of 6.1.
Remove the test hinge and replace with a new hinge of low frictional characteristics and remeasure the frictional
torque of the hinged element. If this repeated measurement is less than 1 Nm quote the original torque value as the
frictional torque exhibited by the hinge.
If however the repeated measurement exceeds 1 Nm then renew the lower non-load bearing hinge so that the
frictional torque of the hinged element is less than 1 Nm. Replace the top hinge with the new test hinge and repeat
the frictional torque measurement. Then quote this value as the frictional torque exhibited by the hinge.
NOTE
The measurement of horizontal and vertical wear may additionally be taken at intervals or be constantly monitored
throughout the durability test.

8

Marking

8.1 To ensure that only single-axis hinges manufactured in accordance with this standard are installed on
designated fire-resistant and /or smoke-control doors or locked doors on escape routes, such single-axis hinges
shall be marked as follows:
l)

manufacturer’s name or trademark or other means of identification;

m) the hinge grade according to 4.9;

n) the number of this European Standard.
NOTE

Items b) and c) should be clearly visible after installation.

8.2 The packaging in which the single-axis hinges are packed shall clearly denote on the outside label the
classification (hinge grade), size, finish and manufacturer’s reference number.
8.3 In cases where the hinges are handed, the designation of the handing shall be in accordance with prEN
12519 as follows:
13


EN 1935:2002 (E)




Hinge for use on a clockwise opening door or window :

Symbol ‘L’




Hinge for use on an anti-clockwise opening door or window :

Symbol ‘R’

8.4 The technical literature or the packaging for the hinge, or both, shall carry recommendations for lubrication of
the hinges on installation and in service.
NOTE 1
Unless there are special reasons for alternative recommendations, lubrication should normally be carried out twice

per annum.
NOTE 2

9

For CE marking and labelling, see ZA.3.

Evaluation of conformity

9.1 Initial type test
Samples, selected in accordance with 7.1, representing the series, shall be subjected to the full test sequence of
7.1.2 to 7.1.5 inclusive, and where relevant, to annex B.
If necessary, (for example, after component changes or redesigns likely to affect the product performance) this
initial type test shall be repeated.

9.2 Factory production control
9.2.1

Documentation

The manufacturer of single axis hinges to this European Standard shall document, operate and
9.2.1.1
maintain an adequate factory production control system to enable the achievement of the required product
characteristics and the effective operation of the production control system to be checked.

14


EN 1935:2002 (E)

9.2.1.2 The manufacturer shall draw up and keep up-to-date documents defining the factory production control
which he applies. The manufacturer’s documentation and procedures shall be appropriate to the product and
manufacturing process. The factory production control system shall achieve an appropriate level of confidence in
the conformity of the product. This involves :
o) the preparation of documented procedures and instructions relating to factory production control operations ;
p) the effective implementation of these procedures and instructions ;
q) the recording of these procedures and their results ;
r)

the use of these results to correct any deviations, repair the effects of such deviations, treat resulting instances
of non-conformity and, if necessary, revise the factory production control to rectify the cause of non-conformity.

9.2.2

Unit checks during manufacture

The manufacturer shall conduct the following unit checks during manufacture :
s) check that the components meet the specifications ;
t)

check the operation of the hinge ;

u) check the marking.
9.2.3

Treatment of non conforming products

The manufacturer shall treat non-conforming products as follows :
v) isolate and identify non-conforming products ;
w) undertake the necessary corrective actions ;

x) repeat tests as appropriate to prove that product meets the specifications.

9.3 Further testing of samples
9.3.1

Periodic testing

At intervals of no more than six months, samples representative of the series shall be taken from finished stock and
subjected to the following tests :
y)

Initial frictional torque and static load tests

z) Durability test

(7.1.4)

aa) Corrosion test

(7.1.5)

(7.1.2)

9.3.2 Yearly testing (for products used for doors on escape routes, and for products claiming compliance
with annex B)
At intervals of not more than one year, two samples representative of the series shall be taken from finished
product stock and subjected to the full test sequence of clause 7.

15

EN 1935:2002 (E)

Annex A
(normative)
Classification of use and typical applications of hinges

A.1 General
In application, a hinge should be loaded to one third of the test door mass identified in 4.4.

A.2 Grade 1 - Light duty
Hinges for use on doors or windows in housing or other living areas and in buildings where there is a low frequency
of use by those with a high incentive to exercise care and with a small chance of accidents occurring or of misuse.
EXAMPLE
public.

Domestic and other situations such as offices and areas where there is no access by the general

A.3 Grade 2 - Medium duty
Hinges for use on doors in housing or other living areas and in other buildings where there is a medium frequency
of use by those with some incentive to exercise care but where there is some chance of accidents occurring or of
misuse.
EXAMPLE Domestic and other situations such as offices and areas where there may be limited access by the
general public.

A.4 Grade 3 - Heavy duty
Hinges for use on doors in buildings where there is a high frequency of use by public or others with little incentive
to exercise care and with a high chance of accidents occurring or of misuse.
EXAMPLE

Public and institutional buildings such as libraries, hospitals and schools.

A.5 Grade 4 - Severe duty (hinge grades 12, 13 and 14)
Hinges for use on doors which are subject to frequent violent usage.
EXAMPLE
NOTE

16

Hinges of grade 12 where deliberate abuse is likely.
Hinges of grades 13 and 14 offer increased resistance to potentially persistent violent attack.


EN 1935:2002 (E)

Annex B
(normative)
Additional requirements for hinges intended for use on fire-resistant and/or
smoke-control door assemblies

B.1 Hinges for use on fire-resistant and/or smoke-control door assemblies shall conform to the appropriate
requirements of clauses 4 to 8 of this standard and shall as a minimum achieve a Medium Duty (Grade 2) Category
of Use, as specified in annex A.

B.2 No components of the hinge (except decorative parts such as covers, buttons etc) or its fastening shall have a
melting point less than 800 °C except that this requirement shall not apply to hinges that have been certified by
passing the appropriate criteria of a fire test as being suitable for use on fire-resistant and/or smoke-control door
assemblies. In such cases, the hinges shall only be installed in an assembly that has satisfied the appropriate
criteria of a fire test and the field of application is strictly limited to use on door assemblies of an identical
construction, mode and size.

NOTE
Until a European Standard for fire testing is available, existing national regulations for fire testing valid in the place
of use may be used.

B.3 With the door in the closed position, it shall not be possible to remove the hinge pin or separate the hinged element
of the door assembly without the use of special tools.
NOTE 1
The fire resistance of hinges is only one aspect of the overall fire resistance of a door or window as installed in a
building. The overall fire resistance is beyond the scope of this standard, but is included in the scope of other standards under
preparation in CEN/TC 33 regarding complete door and window assemblies. The test can be on a full-size assembly in
accordance with EN 1634-1 but a wider field of application will be obtained by subjecting hinges to a test in accordance with
prEN 1634-2.

Hinges interrupt the leaf edge and frame gap, and their fastenings penetrate the leaf. The influence that this may
have on the smoke-control properties of an assembly can only be determined by subjecting a full-sized assembly
fitted with the hinges to the test in EN 1634-1.
NOTE 2
Most fire-resistant and/or smoke-control doors are fitted with door closers. Recommendations for hinges for doors
fitted with door closers are given in informative annex E. It is particularly important that the recommendations for the maximum
in-service torque for the set of hinges installed on such doors should be followed.

17


EN 1935:2002 (E)

Annex C
(normative)
Hinges for use on burglar-resistant doors

C.1 Hinges for use on burglar-resistant doors shall conform to the appropriate requirements of clauses 4 to 8 of this
European Standard. In addition, the requirements of C.2 to C.4 apply.

C.2 Hinges shall conform to the requirements of severe-duty grades 12, 13 or 14 as specified in 4.2.
NOTE

Grade 13 or 14 should be specified when increased resistance to potentially persistent violent attack is required.

C.3 Fastenings shall not be accessible from the exterior face of the door when the hinge has been installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

C.4 Hinges used on outward-opening external doors shall be either of such a design that the hinge pin can only be
removed when the door is open or, alternatively, they shall incorporate hinge bolts within the hinge flap that enable
the hinge to withstand the shear strength test loads specified in Table 2 (see 7.4) for grades 12, 13 or 14. The
hinge pin shall be removed for the test, the acceptance criterion being that the hinge elements shall not become
separated whilst under load.
NOTE
The security of hinges is only one aspect of the overall security of a door as installed in a building. This overall
security is beyond the scope of this standard, but is included in the scope of other standards under preparation in CEN/TC 33
regarding complete door assemblies and in particular ENV 1627.

18