Bsi bs en 12697 40 2012

BS EN 12697-40:2012

BSI Standards Publication

Bituminous mixtures — Test
methods for hot mix asphalt
Part 40: In situ drainability


BS EN 12697-40:2012

BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-40:2012.
It supersedes BS EN 12697-40:2005 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee B/510/1, Asphalt products.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2012
ISBN 978 0 580 76740 1
ICS 93.080.20
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012.

Amendments issued since publication
Date

Text affected


BS EN 12697-40:2012

EN 12697-40

EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

June 2012

ICS 93.080.20

Supersedes EN 12697-40:2005

English Version

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part
40: In situ drainability
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange
hydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 40: Drainabilité in situ

Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 40: In-situDurchlässigkeit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 May 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2012 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 12697-40:2012: E


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

Contents

Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3 
1

Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6 

2

Normative references ............................................................................................................................6 

3

Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6

4

Principle ..................................................................................................................................................6 

5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................7 
Permeameter ..........................................................................................................................................7
Standing board.......................................................................................................................................9 
Stopwatch ...............................................................................................................................................9 
Thermometer ..........................................................................................................................................9 

Water .......................................................................................................................................................9 

6
6.1
6.2
6.3

Procedure ...............................................................................................................................................9 
Calibration ..............................................................................................................................................9 
Locations ................................................................................................................................................9 
Measurement at each location .......................................................................................................... 10 

7

Calculation ........................................................................................................................................... 10

8

Report .................................................................................................................................................. 11 

9

Precision .............................................................................................................................................. 11 

Annex
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4

A (normative) Apparatus calibration .................................................................................................. 12 
Application .......................................................................................................................................... 12 
Volume calibration .............................................................................................................................. 12 
Series resistance time, r .................................................................................................................... 12
Parallel leakage time .......................................................................................................................... 12 

Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 

2


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 12697-40:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12697-40:2005.
List of main technical changes from the last edition are as follows :
• The arrows showing the diameter of the standpipe are corrected from external diameter to internal
diameter.
• In list of items in figure 1, descriptions of: 12 changed from “sponge rubber seal (sealed cell); uniaxial
elasticity 0,9 MPa nominal” to “sponge rubber seal (sealed cell); thickness (20 ± 5) mm”; 13 changed from
“base, synthetic resin bonded fabric” to “base, synthetic resin bonded fabric, thickness (13 ± 3) mm”; and
14 changed from “standing board (end elevation)” to “standing board (end elevation), thickness (20 ± 5)

mm”.
• The length of surfacing represented by a test result has been removed.
• The correction factor for the temperature of the water has been removed.
This document is one of a series of standards as listed below:
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures —Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary
evaporator
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery:
Fractionating column
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the
reference density

3


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactability
EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the

affinity between aggregate and bitumen
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature
measurement
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content
EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the
segregation sensitivity
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen
EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or
cylindrical specimens (CY)
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking
EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue
EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test
EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading
EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the
dimensions of a bituminous specimen
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Indentation using cube or
cylindrical specimens (CY)

EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Indentation using cube or
cylindrical specimens (CY)
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor

4


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing
EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the
thickness of a bituminous pavement
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition
EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In situ drainablility
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing
fluids
EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign
matter in reclaimed asphalt
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

5


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

1

Scope

This European Standard describes a method to determine the in-situ relative hydraulic conductivity, at specific
locations, of a road surfacing that is designed to be permeable. An estimate of the average value for the
surfacing is obtained from the mean value of a number of determinations on each section of road.
The test measures the ability to drain water (drainability) achieved in-situ of a surfacing. As such, it can be
used as a compliance check to ensure that a permeable surface course has the required properties when it is
laid. The test can also be used subsequently to establish the change of drainage ability with time.
For the test to be valid, the surface of the test area should be clean and free from detritus. Measurements can
be made when a road is either wet or dry, but not if it is in a frozen state.

2

Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 1: Measurement of pavement
surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
outflow time
time (s) that elapses for an outflow of 4,0 L through the permeameter, between the meniscus at the 5 L mark
and when it falls to the 1 L mark
3.2
series resistance time, r
outflow time(s) that is determined when the permeameter is located so the outlet is clear of any surfacing that
could impede the exit of out-flowing water
Note 1 to entry:

The method for calculating the series resistance time is given in Annex A.

Note 2 to entry:
The series resistance time is subtracted from measurements of outflow time when the permeameter is
used on a surfacing of a pavement.

3.3
parallel leakage time
outflow time when the outlet is restricted by an impermeable surface
3.4
relative hydraulic conductivity (HC)
reciprocal of the outflow time minus the series resistance time

Note 1 to entry:
given in 5.1.

4

The relative hydraulic conductivity is specific to apparatus as shown in Figure 1 with the dimensions

Principle

A permeameter is used to determine the time taken for 4 l of water to dissipate through an annular area of the
surfacing of a pavement under known head conditions. The reciprocal of the outflow time is then used to
calculate the relative hydraulic conductivity of the surfacing.

6


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

NOTE
The result is relative, rather than absolute, because the time taken is dependent on the dimensions of the
permeameter. However, all measurements with the specified equipment should give mutually consistent results.

5
5.1

Apparatus
Permeameter

Radial-flow falling head permeameter of the basic construction shown in Figure 1 and with the following critical

dimensions that has been calibrated in accordance with Annex A:


internal diameter of standpipe

(125 ± 0,5) mm,



length of standpipe

(560 ± 20) mm,



diameter of orifice in base

(48 ± 0,1) mm,



taper to orifice

(15 ± 0,5) °,



diameter of rubber ball attached to plunger

(51 ± 0,5) mm,



external diameter of sponge rubber under base

(300 ± 2) mm,



internal diameter of sponge rubber under base

(100 ± 2) mm.

The standpipe shall be a tube of acrylic or other transparent material that will allow the height of water to be
observed at any time. The standpipe shall be sealed to the base as to be watertight. The closed cell sponge
rubber seal should have a durometer hardness of 30 to 45 measured with a type 00 durometer according to
ASTM D2240.

7


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1
2
3

4
5
6
7

handle
plunger
support for sensors
plunger rest
sensor (optional)
standpipe
sensor (optional)

8
support for sensors
9
rubber ball
10 O-ring
11 Orifice
12 sponge rubber seal (sealed
cell); thickness (20 ± 5) mm

13 base, synthetic resin bonded
fabric, thickness (13 ± 3) mm
14 standing board (end elevation),
thickness (20 ± 5) mm
15 standing board (plan view)
16 central hole
17 plywood
18 rubber foot, 25 mm high

Figure 1 — Typical permeameter and standing board (tolerances to dimensions given in 5.1)

8


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

5.2

Standing board

Standing board that fits over the permeameter, as illustrated in Figure 1, or mechanical means holding down
the permeameter.

5.3

Stopwatch

Stopwatch, capable of measurement to 0,1 s.
NOTE
A stopwatch activated by sensors placed inside the permeameter should be used for testing when the
accuracy of the result is particularly important, including referee tests. It is recommended for other cases as well.

5.4

Thermometer

Thermometer, capable of measurement to at least ± 1 °C in the range 0 °C to 30 °C.

5.5

Water

Clean water that is free from any solids or other impurities that would affect its flow.

6

Procedure

6.1

Calibration

The permeameter shall be calibrated in accordance with Annex A.

6.2

Locations

6.2.1 Mark on the pavement ten locations at 20 m centres along a diagonal across the laid width of the
pavement to be measured.
NOTE

A typical layout of test locations is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 — Typical layout of test locations along a laid width
6.2.2

Measure the average outflow time at each location in accordance with 6.3.

6.2.3 Calculate the relative hydraulic conductivity (HC) in accordance with Clause 7 for the area of surfacing
designated as being represented by the test.

9


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

6.3

Measurement at each location

6.3.1 Place the permeameter over the surfacing at the point where the relative hydraulic conductivity is to
be measured. Apply a vertical load uniformly on the base such that all four of the rubber feet on the standing
board are in contact with the surface to be measured.
NOTE 1

A load of between 1 kN and 2 kN should achieve this contact.

NOTE 2
The load can be applied either mechanically or by two operatives of approximately the same mass standing
on opposite sides of the standing board. If two operatives are used, the heavier operative should not weigh more than
50 % more than the lighter operative.

6.3.2

Fill the standpipe completely with clean water.

6.3.3 Remove the plunger and hang it by its rest on the top of the standpipe. Allow air bubbles to rise up
through the water in the standpipe until they no longer rise through the water, which is dissipating into the road
surface.
6.3.4 If air bubbles are still rising through the water in the standpipe when the meniscus nears the 5 L mark,
replace the plunger and refill the standpipe to at least 50 mm above the 5 L mark. Without delay, remove the
plunger and hang by its rest on the top of the standpipe.
6.3.5 Repeat 6.3.4 until no bubbles are rising through the water in the standpipe when the meniscus nears
the 5 L mark.
NOTE
The pores of the surface should be saturated by water for the test to give the required result, which can be
achieved by emptying the permeameter of water before refilling and starting the actual test. However, this procedure
should not normally be needed if the permeameter is filled to well above the 5 L mark.

6.3.6 Start the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the 5 L mark. Stop the stopwatch when the water level
falls to the 1 L mark. Record the outflow time, ti,1, to the nearest 0,1 s.
6.3.7

Repeat 6.3.2 to 6.3.6 in order to obtain ti,2.

6.3.8 Calculate the average outflow time as (ti,1+ ti,2)/2 and the range as | ti,1 – ti,2| for the location, both to
the nearest 0,1 s. If the range exceeds 5 % of the average outflow time, repeat 6.3.2 to 6.3.6 until the range
criterion is met by two successive outflow times and discard outliers. Record the average outflow time for
location i, ti, to the nearest 0,1 s.
NOTE
Locations where there is a transition gradient may produce results that are inferior to results obtained from the
material under other circumstances.

7

Calculation

7.1
10.

Calculate the average outflow time for the test, t, as the mean of the 10 values of ti for locations i = 1 to

7.2

Calculate the relative hydraulic conductivity (HC) for the area using the equation:

HC =

1
(t − r )

where

10

t

is the average outflow time expressed in seconds, (s);

r

is the series resistance outflow time expressed in seconds, (s).

(1)

BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

7.3

8

–1

Report the relative hydraulic conductivity, to the nearest 0,001 s .

Report

With reference to this document, the test report shall include the following information:
a)

identification of the site and location of the test measurements within the site;

b)

whether there was any slope away from the location of each test measurement;

c)

identification of the laboratory carrying out the tests;

d)

identification of the permeameter used and its series resistance time and parallel leakage time;

e)

method of loading the standing board and the load applied (with the masses of both operatives separately
when that method is used);

f)

outflow times of each individual measurement;

g)

whether any determinations had to be repeated;

h)

relative hydraulic conductivity for the area;

i)

date and time of the test;

j)

name of the person taking technical responsibility for the test.

9

Precision

Data have not yet been compiled that are suitable for use in developing precision statements for this method
of determining the in situ drainability of a permeable road surfacing.

11


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

Annex A
(normative)
Apparatus calibration

A.1 Application
A.1.1

The calibrations shall be performed before using the equipment for the first time.

A.1.2

The parallel leakage time calibration shall be repeated periodically at least annually.

A.2 Volume calibration
A.2.1 Stand the permeameter on a flat and level surface. After inserting the plunger, fill the standpipe with
(1 000 ± 0,5) ml of water using a volumetric flask of 1 000 ml capacity. Mark the standpipe permanently at the
meniscus level.
A.2.2 Fill the standpipe with a further (4 000 ± 1,0) ml of water using a volumetric flask of 4 000 ml (or
multiple fillings using a volumetric flask of 2 000 ml or 1 000 ml) and again mark the standpipe at the new
meniscus level.

A.3 Series resistance time, r
A.3.1 Place the permeameter on blocks, of not less than 75 mm height, so that the 100 mm diameter
aperture in the base is exposed. Fit the plunger in the orifice.
A.3.2 Fill the standpipe completely with clean water. Remove the plunger and hang by its rest on the top of
the standpipe.
A.3.3 Start the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the 5 L mark. Stop the stopwatch when the meniscus
falls to the 1 L mark.
A.3.4 Record the outflow time and repeat the measurement a further nine times. Calculate the average
outflow time in accordance with 7.2. Record the series resistance time, r, as the average outflow time, to the
nearest 0,1 s.

A.4 Parallel leakage time
A.4.1 Place the permeameter on a flat and level impermeable surface, whose texture, when measured in
accordance with EN 13036-1, shall be in the range (0,8 to 1,2) mm. Apply a load uniformly on the base of the
apparatus such that all four of the rubber feet on the standing board are in contact with the surface to be
measured. Fit the plunger in the orifice.
NOTE 1

A load of between 1 kN and 2 kN should achieve this contact.

NOTE 2
The load can be applied either mechanically or by two operatives of approximately the same mass standing
on opposite sides of the standing board. If two operatives are used, the heavier operative should not weigh more than
50 % more than the lighter operative.

A.4.2 Fill the standpipe completely with clean water. Remove the plunger and hang by its rest on the top of
the standpipe. Allow air bubbles to rise to the top and, if necessary, add more water to bring the water level
above the top 5 L mark after all bubbles have ceased rising.

12

BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

A.4.3 Start the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the 5 L mark. Stop the stopwatch when the meniscus
falls to the bottom 1 L mark, or end test if the outflow time exceeds 20 min.
A.4.4 If the outflow time is less than 10 min, the leakage is excessive and the permeameter is unsuitable for
use for this test.

13


BS EN 12697-40:2012
EN 12697-40:2012 (E)

Bibliography

[1]

EN 13108-7, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 7: Porous Asphalt

[2]

ASTM D2240, Standard test method for rubber property — Durometer hardness

14


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