Bsi bs en 15316 4 6 2007

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BRITISH STANDARD

Heating systems in
buildings — Method for
calculation of system
energy requirements
and system
efficiencies —
Part 4-6: Heat generation systems,
photovoltaic systems

The European Standard EN 15316-4-6:2007 has the status of a
British Standard

ICS 91.140.10

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:

BS EN
15316-4-6:2007


BS EN 15316-4-6:2007

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15316-4-6:2007.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
RHE/24, Central heating installations.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

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Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee
on 28 September 2007

© BSI 2007

ISBN 978 0 580 56025 5

Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No.

Date

Comments


EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 15316-4-6

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

July 2007

ICS 91.140.10

English Version

Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system
energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-6: Heat
generation systems, photovoltaic systems

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Systèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de
calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des
systèmes - Partie 4-6: Systèmes de génération de chaleur,
systèmes photovoltaïques

Heizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des
Energiebedarfs und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-6:
Wärmeerzeugungssysteme, photovoltaische Systeme

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation

under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

© 2007 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

B-1050 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 15316-4-6:2007: E


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Contents

Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3

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Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5
1

Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6

2

Normative references ............................................................................................................................6

3

Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6

4

Symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................8

5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8

Calculation method................................................................................................................................9

Energy delivered by the photovoltaic system ....................................................................................9
Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules ...................................................................................9
Peak power ...........................................................................................................................................10
System performance factor ................................................................................................................10
Thermal output of the photovoltaic panel.........................................................................................10
Auxiliary energy consumption ...........................................................................................................10
System thermal losses ........................................................................................................................11
Recoverable system thermal losses..................................................................................................11

Annex A (informative) Standards linked to photovoltaic systems...............................................................12
Annex B (informative) Informative values.......................................................................................................14
B.1
Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules .................................................................................14
B.2
Peak power ...........................................................................................................................................16
B.3
System performance factor ................................................................................................................16
Annex C (informative) Calculation examples .................................................................................................17
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................18

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EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 15316-4-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating
systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at

the latest by January 2008.

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This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive
2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at
European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An
overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615.
The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:


design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);



installation of heating systems;



commissioning of heating systems;



instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;



methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;



methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.

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Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.

标准

All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a
whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.

Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards.
However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the
system requirements.
The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function
of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements
might be used if fulfilment can be proved.
Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In
some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.
In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system
efficiencies consists of the following parts:
Part 1: General

3


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems
Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems
Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements)
Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution
Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation
Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers)
Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems
Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems

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Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems
Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume
systems

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Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems
Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems

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According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Introduction
This European Standard constitutes the specific part related to building integrated photovoltaic systems, of the
set of EN 15316 standards on methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies
of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings.
This European Standard presents a method for calculation of the electricity production of building integrated
photovoltaic systems.
The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on
other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system.

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The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed
calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard.
Only the calculation method and the accompanying input parameters are normative. All values required to
parameter the calculation method should be given in a national annex, containing appropriate national values
corresponding to the tables given in Annex B.

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EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

1

Scope

This European Standard is part of a set of standards on the method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies.

The scope of this specific part is to standardise for photovoltaic systems:


required inputs;



calculation method;



resulting outputs.

The calculation method applies only to building integrated photovoltaic systems.

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The calculation method does not take into account:


electrical storage;



PV/thermal photovoltaic systems.

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The calculation method describes how to calculate the electricity production of photovoltaic systems.

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Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by photovoltaic systems compared to other
systems, are calculated according to prEN 15603.
Standards linked to photovoltaic systems are listed in Annex A.

2

Normative references

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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

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EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)

3

准
标
Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following
apply.
3.1
auxiliary energy
electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water
to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs
NOTE 1
This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the a ventilation system for air
transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation
NOTE 2

In EN ISO 9488 the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy".

3.2
building integrated photovoltaic systems
system where the building envelope (roof, walls etc.) is used to support the photovoltaic panels

6


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

3.3
net power production
total power produced by the photovoltaic panel minus all auxiliary energy consumption inside the sub-system
boundaries
3.4
peak power
electrical power of a photovoltaic system with a given surface and for a solar irradiance of 1 kW/m2 on this
surface (at 25 °C)
3.5
recoverable system thermal loss
part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or
the energy use of the heating or cooling system

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3.6
recovered loss
part of the recoverable losses which are recovered to lower the energy requirements
3.7
renewable energy produced on the building site
energy produced by technical building systems directly connected to the building using renewable energy
sources

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3.8
renewable energy
energy from a source that is not depleted by extraction, such as solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic), wind,
water power, renewed biomass

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NOTE
In ISO 13602-1, renewable resource is defined as "natural resource for which the ratio of the creation of the
natural resource to the output of that resource from nature to the technosphere is equal to or greater than one".

3.9
solar irradiance
power density of radiant incident on a surface, i.e. the quotient of the radiant flux incident on the surface and
the area of that surface, or the rate at which radiant energy is incident on a surface, per unit area of that
2
surface. Irradiance is normally expressed in Watts per square meter (W/m )

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标准

[ISO 9488:1999]
NOTE

2

The reference solar irradiance is equal to 1 kW/m .

3.10
solar irradiation
incident energy per unit area of surface, found by integration of irradiance over a specified time interval, often
2
an hour or a day. Irradiation is normally expressed in megajoules per square metre (MJ/m )
[ISO 9488:1999]
3.11
system thermal loss
thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification,
dehumidification, ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system

7


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

NOTE
Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat
recovery and directly treated in the related system standard.

3.12
technical building sub-system

part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution,
heat emission, electricity production)
3.13
technical building system
technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production
composed by sub-systems
NOTE 1
A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, heating and
DHW system).

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NOTE 2

4

Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.

Symbols and abbreviations

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For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol

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b

Quantity

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A

area, total surface of all photovoltaic modules (without frame)

E

annual solar irradiation

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energy in general, including primary energy, energy carriers (except quantity
of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy)

a

b
c

8

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c

f

factor

I

solar irradiance

K

coefficient

P

power in general including electrical power

Q

quantity of heat

T

thermodynamic temperature

W

auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work

θ

Celsius temperature

标准

Unit
m²
Wh/m
Wh

2 a

a b

W/m

2

c

W
Wh

a

K
Wh

a

°C

Seconds (s) may be used as the unit for time instead of hours (h) for all quantities involving time (i.e. for time periods
as well as for air change rates), but in that case the unit for energy is J instead of Wh.
The unit depends on the type of energy carrier and the way its amount is expressed.
Coefficients have dimensions; factors are dimensionless.


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Table 2 — Indices

5

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5.1

an

annual

ls

losses

rbl

recoverable

aux

auxiliary

out

output

ref

reference

el

electricity

perf performance

sol

solar

gen

generation

pk

peak

T

thermal

hor

horizontal

pv

solar electricity
(photovoltaic)

tlt

tilt and orientation

in

input

Calculation method
Energy delivered by the photovoltaic system

Electricity produced by the photovoltaic system Eel,pv,out is calculated by:

E el , pv ,out =

E sol • Ppk • f perf

w.

[kWh/year]

I ref

x
f
bz

where

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(1)

2

Esol

is the annual solar irradiation on the photovoltaic system [(kWh/m )/year];

Ppk

is the peak power [kW], represents the electrical power of a photovoltaic system with a given
2
surface and for a solar irradiance of 1 kW/m on this surface (at 25 °C);

fperf

is the system performance factor [-];

Iref

is the reference solar irradiance equal to 1 kW/m .

NOTE 1

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2

This value of Eel,pv,out is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

标准

Calculation examples are given in Annex C. Take into account also the influence of shadowing effects from

various parts of the building (e.g. chimneys, ventilation units) on the annual quantity of electricity produced.
For renewable energy produced on the building site, no energy input is taken into account.
Epv,gen,in = 0
NOTE 2

This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

NOTE 3
prEN 15603 specifies that for active solar systems, the incident solar radiation on the solar panels is not part
of the energy balance. Only the energy delivered by the generation device is taken into account in the energy balance.

5.2

Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules

The solar irradiation Esol on the photovoltaic modules is calculated by:

E sol = E sol ,hor • f tlt

[(kWh/m2)/year]

(2)

where

9


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

2

Esol,hor

is the annual solar irradiation on a horizontal surface in a geographic region [(kWh/m )/year].
Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.1, Table B.1;

ftlt

is the tilt and orientation conversion factor [-] for calculation of the solar irradiation on the
photovoltaic module surface. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see
B.1, Table B.2.

5.3

Peak power

The peak power Ppk is obtained under standard test conditions (reference testing values of cell temperature
θ = 25 °C, in plane irradiance Iref = 1 kW/m², air mass solar reference spectrum AM = 1,5 for a PV module or a
PV cell testing – EN 61829).
If Ppk is not available, it can be calculated by:

Ppk = K pk • A

[kW]

(3)

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where
2

Kpk

is the peak power coefficient [kW/m ] depending on the type of building integration of the
photovoltaic module. Values shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see B.2,
Table B.3.

A

is the total surface [m ] of all photovoltaic modules (without frame).

2

5.4

System performance factor

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The system performance factor fperf takes into account the system performance of the building integrated
photovoltaic installation depending on:

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

conversion system from direct current to alternating current;



actual operation temperature of the photovoltaic modules;



building integration of the photovoltaic modules.

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Distinction between different types of building integration could be according to the type of ventilation of the
photovoltaic modules.
Values for the system performance factor fperf shall be given in a national annex. For informative values, see
B.3, Table B.4.

5.5

Thermal output of the photovoltaic panel

No thermal output is taken into account.
Qpv,gen,out = 0
NOTE

5.6

This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

Auxiliary energy consumption

Auxiliary energy consumption is taken into account by applying only the net power production (the total power
production minus all auxiliary energy consumption inside the sub-system boundaries).
Wpv,gen,aux = 0
NOTE

10

This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

5.7

System thermal losses

No system thermaI losses are taken into account.
Qpv,gen,ls = 0
NOTE

5.8

This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

Recoverable system thermal losses

No losses are recoverable for space heating needs.
Qpv,gen,ls,rbl = 0

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NOTE

This value is input data for calculations according to prEN 15603.

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EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Annex A
(informative)
Standards linked to photovoltaic systems

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Table A.1 — Standards linked to photovoltaic systems
Standard

Note

EN 61173

system
standard

EN 61194

system
standard

EN 61277

system
standard

EN 61683

system
standard

EN 61724

system
standard

EN 61725

system
standard

EN 61727

system
standard

EN 61829

system
standard

IEC/TR2 61836

system
standard

EN 61427

system
standard

EN 61721

component
standard

EN 61701

component
standard

Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules (IEC 61701:1995)

component
standard

Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules — Design qualification and type
approval (IEC 61646:1996)

component
standard

UV test for photovoltaic (PV) modules (IEC 61345:1998)

EN 61646
EN 61345

12

Title
Overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems — Guide
(IEC 61173:1992)
Characteristic parameters of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems (IEC
61194:1992, modified)
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems — General and guide
(IEC 61277:1995)
Photovoltaic systems — Power conditioners — Procedure for measuring
efficiency (IEC 61683:1999)
Photovoltaic system performance monitoring — Guidelines for measurement,
data exchange and analysis (IEC 61724:1998

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Analytical expression for daily solar profiles (IEC 61725:1997)

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EN 61215

component
standard

EN 60904-10

component
standard

IEC 60904-9

component
standard

EN 60904-8

component
standard

EN 60904-7

component
standard

EN 60904-6/A1

component
standard

EN 60904-5

component
standard

EN 60904-3

component
standard

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Solar photovoltaic energy systems — Terms and symbols
Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) —
General requirements and methods of test (IEC 61427:2005)
Susceptibility of a photovoltaic (PV) module to accidental impact damage
(resistance to impact test) (IEC 61721:1995)

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Photovoltaic (PV) systems — Characteristics of the utility interface (IEC
61727:1995)
Crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) array — On-site measurement of I-V
characteristics (IEC 61829:1995)

Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules — Design qualification
and type approval (IEC 61215:2005)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement (IEC
60904-10:1998)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements
Photovoltaic devices — Part 8: Measurement of spectral response of a
photovoltaic (PV) device (IEC 60904-8:1998)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 7: Computation of spectral mismatch error
introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic device (IEC 60904-7:1998)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 6: Requirements for reference solar modules,
Amendment 1 (IEC 60904-6:1994/A1:1998)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 5: Determination of the equivalent cell temperature
(ECT) of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method (IEC
60904-5:1993)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial
photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data (IEC
60904-3:1989)

EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

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Table A.1 — (concluded)
EN 60904-2/A1

component
standard

EN 60904-1

component
standard

IEC 60891 AMD 1

component
standard

Photovoltaic devices — Part 2: Requirements for reference solar cells,
Amendment 1 (IEC 60904- 2:1989/A1:1998)
Photovoltaic devices — Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage
characteristics (IEC 60904-1:1987)
Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured I-V
characteristics of crystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, Amendment 1

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EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Annex B
(informative)
Informative values

B.1 Solar irradiation on the photovoltaic modules
Table B.1 — Informative values of annual solar irradiation on a horizontal surface
(see also EN ISO 15927-4)

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Zone

14

Regions

Esol,hor

(kWh/m²)/year

PV1

PACA, Languedoc Roussillon

1 500

PV2

Rhơne Alpes, Midi Pyrénées

1 350

PV3

Pays de la Loire, Poitou Charente,
Aquitaine, Limousin, Auvergne

1 250

PV4

Bretagne, Basse Normandie, Centre,
Bourgogne, Franche Comté

1 150

PV5

Nord Pas de Calais, Haute Normandie,
Picardie, Ile de France, Champagne
Ardenne, Loraine, Alsace

1 050


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Table B.2 — Informative values of tilt and orientation conversion factor for calculation of
the energy radiation on the photovoltaic module surface (see also EN ISO 15927-4)
West
Zone PV1

Angle

0°
30°
45°
60°
90°

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,59
West

Angle

0°
30°
45°
60°
90°

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,60
West

Zone PV3

Angle

0°
30°
45°
60°
90°

0°
30°
45°
60°
90°

Angle

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,60
West

Zone PV4

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,60

West

Zone PV5

Angle

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Zone PV2

0°
30°
45°
60°
90°

1,00
0,94
0,88
0,80
0,61

Orientation
South-west
South
South-east
Conversion factor ftlt
[-]
1,00
1,00

1,00
1,09
1,15
1,09
1,06
1,13
1,06
0,99
1,06
0,99
0,74
0,77
0,74
Orientation
South-west
South
South-east
Conversion factor ftlt
[-]
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,06
1,10
1,06
1,02
1,08
1,02
0,95
1,00

0,95
0,70
0,71
0,70
Orientation
South-west
South
South-east
Conversion factor ftlt
[-]
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,07
1,13
1,07
1,05
1,11
1,05
0,98
1,04
0,98
0,73
0,76
0,73
Orientation
South-west
South
South-east
Conversion factor ftlt

[-]
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,06
1,11
1,06
1,03
1,09
1,03
0,96
1,02
0,96
0,72
0,74
0,72
Orientation
South-west
South
South-east
Conversion factor ftlt
[-]
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,06
1,11
1,06
1,03
1,08

1,03
0,96
1,01
0,96
0,72
0,74
0,72

East

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,59
East

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,60
East

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,60
East

1,00
0,93
0,87
0,79
0,60
East

1,00
0,94
0,88
0,80
0,61

15


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

B.2 Peak power
Table B.3 — Informative values of peak power coefficient
Type of photovoltaic module
Mono crystalline silicon
Multi crystalline silicon

a

a

Thin film amorphous silicon

0,12 to 0,18
0,10 to 0,16
0,04 to 0,08

Other thin film layers

0,035

Thin film Copper-IndiumGalium-diselenide

0,105

Thin film Cadmium-Telloride

0,095

a

Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Kpk kW/m²

With a minimum package density of 80 %.

B.3 System performance factor
Table B.4 — Informative values of system performance factor
Type of building integration of the
photovoltaic modules

16

fperf
-

Unventilated modules

0,70

moderately ventilated modules

0,75

strongly ventilated or forced ventilated
modules

0,80


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Annex C
(informative)
Calculation examples

Table C.1 — Calculation examples
Project data
Geographic region

Orientation

Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Angle
Technology
Peak power Ppk [kW]
Module ventilation

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Rhône Alpes

Ile de France

PV2

Languedoc
Roussillon
PV1

South

South

South

30°

90°

60°

Mono-crystalline

Multi-crystalline

Amorphous

1,1

10

22

unventilated

forced ventilation

poorly
ventilated

PV5

Calculations

Esol,hor (kWh/m²)/year

(Table B.1)

1 350

1 500

1 050

ftlt [-]

(Table B.2)

1,10

0,77

1,01

(Equation (2))

1 485

1 155

1 060

(Table B.4)

0,70

0,80

0,75

(Equation (1))

1 143

9 240

17 498

Esol (kWh/m²)/year
fperf [-]
Results

Eel,pv,out [kWh/year]

17


EN 15316-4-6:2007 (E)

Bibliography

)

[1] prEN 156031 , Energy performance of buildings — Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings
)

[2] prCEN/TR 15615 2 , Explanation of the general relationship between various CEN standards and the
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) ("Umbrella document")
[3] EN 61829, Crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) array — On-site measurement of I-V characteristics (IEC
61829:1995)
[4] EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy — Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999)
[5] EN ISO 15927-4, Hygrothermal performance of buildings — Calculation and presentation of climatic data
— Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling (ISO 15927-4:2005)

Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

[6] ISO 13602-1, Technical energy systems — Methods for analysis — Part 1: General

1) To be published.
2) To be published.

18