Bsi bs en 62109 1 2010 (2011)

BS EN 621 09-1 :201 0
Incorpora ting July 201 1 corrigendum

BSI Standards Publication

Safety of power converters
for use in photovoltaic power
systems
Part 1 : General requirements


BS EN 621 09-1 :201 0

BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 621 09-1 :201 0.
It is identical to IEC 621 09-1 :201 0.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee GEL/82, Photovoltaic Energy Systems.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© BSI 201 1
ISBN 978 0 580 76282 6
ICS 27.1 60

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the

Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 201 0.

Amendments issued since publication
Date

Text affected

3 1 July 201 1

Correction to missing Annex J


B S E N 621 09-1 : 201 0

EN 621 09-1

EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

July 201 0

ICS 27.1 60

English version

Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems Part 1 : General requirements
(IEC 621 09-1 :201 0)
Sécurité des convertisseurs de puissance
utilisés dans les réseaux d’énergie

photovoltaïque Partie 1 : Exigences générales
(CEI 621 09-1 :201 0)

Sicherheit von Wechselrichtern
zur Anwendung in photovoltaischen
Energiesystemen Teil 1 : Allgemeine Anforderungen
(IEC 621 09-1 :201 0)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 201 0-07-01 . CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 1 7, B - 1 000 Brussels
© 201 0 CENELEC -

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 621 09-1 :201 0 E


B S EN 621 09-1 : 201 0

EN 621 09-1 :201 0

-2-

Foreword
The text of document 82/593/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 621 09-1 , prepared by IEC TC 82, Solar
photovoltaic energy systems, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 621 09-1 on 201 0-07-01 .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement

(dop)

201 1 -04-01

– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn

(dow)

201 3-07-01

Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 621 09-1 :201 0 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________


B S E N 621 09-1 : 201 0

-3-

EN 621 09-1 :201 0

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication
IEC 60060-1

Year
-

IEC 60085

-

IEC 601 1 2

-

IEC 6021 6-1

-

IEC 6021 6-2

-

IEC 6021 6-3

-

IEC 6021 6-4-1

-

IEC 6021 6-5

-

IEC 6021 6-6

-

IEC 60227-1

2007

Title
High-voltage test techniques Part 1 : General definitions and test
requirements
Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and
designation
Method for the determination of the proof and
the comparative tracking indices of solid
insulating materials
Electrical insulating materials - Properties of
thermal endurance Part 1 : Ageing procedures and evaluation of
test results
Electrical insulating materials - Thermal
endurance properties Part 2: Determination of thermal endurance
properties of electrical insulating materials Choice of test criteria
Electrical insulating materials - Thermal
endurance properties Part 3: Instructions for calculating thermal
endurance characteristics
Electrical insulating materials - Thermal
endurance properties Part 4-1 : Ageing ovens - Single-chamber
ovens
Electrical insulating materials - Thermal

endurance properties Part 5: Determination of relative thermal
endurance index (RTE) of an insulating
material
Electrical insulating materials - Thermal
endurance properties Part 6: Determination of thermal endurance
indices (TI and RTE) of an insulating material
using the fixed time frame method
Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated
voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 1 : General requirements

EN/HD
HD 588.1

Year
-

EN 60085

-

EN 601 1 2

-

EN 6021 6-1

-

EN 6021 6-2

-

EN 6021 6-3

-

EN 6021 6-4-1

-

EN 6021 6-5

-

EN 6021 6-6

-

-

-


B S EN 621 09-1 : 201 0

EN 621 09-1 :201 0
Publication
IEC 60245-1

-4Year

2003

Title
EN/HD
Rubber insulated cables - Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 1 : General requirements
IEC 60309
Series Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for
EN 60309
industrial purposes
IEC 60320
Series Appliance couplers for household and similar EN 60320
general purposes
IEC 60364-1 (mod) 2005 Low-voltage electrical installations HD 60364-1
Part 1 : Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions
IEC 60364-5-54
Electrical installations of buildings HD 60364-5-54
(mod)
Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Earthing arrangements,
protective conductors and protective bonding
conductors
IEC 6041 7
Graphical symbols for use on equipment
IEC 60529
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures EN 60529
(IP Code)
IEC 60664
Series Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664
low-voltage systems

IEC 60664-1
2007 Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-1
low-voltage systems Part 1 : Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 60664-3
2003 Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-3
low-voltage systems Part 3: Use of coating, potting or moulding for
protection against pollution
IEC 60664-4
2005 Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-4
low-voltage systems + corr. October
Part 4: Consideration of high-frequency
voltage stress
IEC 60695-2-1 1
Fire hazard testing EN 60695-2-1 1
Part 2-1 1 : Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire flammability test method
for end-products
IEC/TS 60695-2-20 Fire hazard testing Part 2-20: Glowing/hot wire based test
methods - Hot-wire coil ignitability Apparatus, test method and guidance
IEC 60695-1 1 -5
Fire hazard testing EN 60695-1 1 -5
Part 1 1 -5: Test flames - Needle-flame test
method - Apparatus, confirmatory test
arrangement and guidance
IEC 60695-1 1 -1 0 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-1 1 -1 0
Part 1 1 -1 0: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and
vertical flame test methods
IEC 60695-1 1 -20 Fire hazard testing EN 60695-1 1 -20
Part 1 1 -20: Test flames - 500 W flame test
methods

Year
Series
Series
2008
-

Series
2007
2003

2006
2006
-

-

-

-


B S E N 621 09-1 : 201 0

-5Publication
Year
IEC 60730-1 (mod) 201 0

EN 621 09-1 :201 0

Title
EN/HD
Automatic electrical controls for household
EN 60730-1
and similar use Part 1 : General requirements
IEC/TR 60755
General requirements for residual current
operated protective devices
IEC 60950-1 (mod) 2005 Information technology equipment - Safety - EN 60950-1
Part 1 : General requirements
+ A1 1
IEC 60990
1 999 Methods of measurement of touch current and EN 60990
protective conductor current
IEC 61 032
Protection of persons and equipment by
EN 61 032
enclosures - Probes for verification
IEC 61 1 80-1
High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage EN 61 1 80-1
equipment Part 1 : Definitions, test and procedure
requirements
IEC 62020
Electrical accessories - Residual current
EN 62020
monitors for household and similar uses
(RCMs)
ISO 1 78
Plastics - Determination of flexural properties EN ISO 1 78
ISO 1 79

Series Plastics - Determination of Charpy impact
EN ISO 1 79
properties
ISO 1 80
Plastics - Determination of Izod impact
EN ISO 1 80
strength
ISO 261
ISO general-purpose metric screw threads - General plan
ISO 262
ISO general-purpose metric screw threads - Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts
ISO 527
Series Plastics - Determination of tensile properties EN ISO 527
ISO 3746
Acoustics - Determination of sound power
EN ISO 3746
levels of noise sources using sound pressure Survey method using an enveloping
measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4892-1
Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory EN ISO 4892-1
light sources Part 1 : General guidance
ISO 4892-2
Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory EN ISO 4892-2
light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 4892-4
Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
ISO 7000
Graphical symbols for use on equipment Index and synopsis
ISO 8256
Plastics - Determination of tensile-impact

EN ISO 8256
strength
ISO 961 4-1
Acoustics - Determination of sound power
EN ISO 961 4-1
levels of noise sources using sound intensity Part 1 : Measurement at discrete points

1)

At draft stage.

Year
201 X1 )
2006
2009
1 999
-

Series
Series
-

-


B S EN 621 09-1 : 201 0

EN 621 09-1 :201 0

-6-

Publication
ISO 961 4-2

Year
-

ISO 961 4-3

-

ANSI/ASTM E84

-

ANSI/UL 746B

-

ANSI/UL 746C

-

ASTM E1 62

-

Title
EN/HD
Acoustics - Determination of sound power

EN ISO 961 4-2
levels of noise sources using sound intensity Part 2: Measurement by scanning
Acoustics - Determination of sound power
EN ISO 961 4-3
levels of noise sources using sound intensity Part 3: Precision method for measurement by
scanning
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials
Polymeric Materials - Long-Term Property
Evaluations
Polymeric Materials - Used in Electrical
Equipment Evaluations
Standard Test Method for Surface
Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant
Heat Energy Source

Year
-

-


B S E N 621 09-1 : 201 0

–2–

621 09-1

© I EC: 201 0(E)

CON TENTS
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 8
I N TRODU CTI ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
1

2

Scope an d obj ect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 . 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 . 1 . 1 Equ i pm ent incl u ded in scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 . 1 . 2 Equ i pm ent for wh ich other req u irem en ts m ay appl y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 . 2 Obj ect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 . 2. 1 Aspects inclu d ed in scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 . 2. 2 Aspects exclu d ed from scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
N orm ative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

3
4

Term s and d efi n itions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
General testin g req u irem en ts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. 1
4. 2

5

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
General cond i tions for testin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. 2. 1 Seq u ence of tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. 2. 2 Reference test cond i ti on s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4. 3 Therm al testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4. 3. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4. 3. 2 M axim um tem peratures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4. 4 Testi n g i n si ngl e fau lt cond i tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4. 4. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4. 4. 2 Test con d iti on s an d d urati on for testi ng u n d er fau lt con di tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4. 4. 3 Pass/fail cri teri a for testi ng un d er fau lt con d iti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4. 4. 4 Sin g le fau lt con d iti ons to be appl ied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4. 5 H um id i ty precon d iti on i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4. 5. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4. 5. 2 Con di tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4. 6 Backfeed vol tag e protecti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4. 6. 1 Backfeed tests u n d er norm al con d iti ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. 6. 2 Backfeed tests u n d er si n gle-fau lt con d iti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. 6. 3 Com pl i ance wi th backfeed tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. 7 Electrical rati ngs tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. 7. 1 I n put ratin gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4. 7. 2 Output ratin gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Markin g and d ocum entation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5. 1 Markin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5. 1 . 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5. 1 . 2 Durability of m arkin gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5. 1 . 3 I d entification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5. 1 . 4 Equ i pm ent rati ngs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5. 1 . 5 Fuse i dentification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5. 1 . 6 Term inals, con n ecti ons and con trols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5. 1 . 7 Swi tch es an d circu it-breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5. 1 . 8 Class I I eq u ipm ent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5. 1 . 9 Term inal boxes for external con nections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5. 2 Warnin g m arkin gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

B S EN 621 09-1 : 201 0

621 09-1

6

7

–3–

5. 2. 1 Visibi l ity an d l egi bi l ity req u irem en ts for warn i ng m arkings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5. 2. 2 Content for warn in g m arkings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5. 2. 3 Son ic h azard m arkin gs and instructi ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5. 2. 4 Equ i pm ent wi th m ultipl e sources of su ppl y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5. 2. 5 Excessi ve touch current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5. 3 Docum entation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5. 3. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5. 3. 2 I nform ati on related to instal lati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5. 3. 3 I nform ati on related to operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5. 3. 4 I nform ati on related to m ai nten ance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
En vi ronm en tal req u irem ents an d cond i ti ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6. 1 En vi ronm en tal categories an d m in im um en vironm ental cond i ti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. 1 . 1 Outd oor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. 1 . 2 I n d oor, u ncon d iti on ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. 1 . 3 I n d oor, cond i tion ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. 2 Poll uti on d egree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6. 3 I n gress protecti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6. 4 U V exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6. 5 Tem perature and h um id ity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Protecti on ag ai nst el ectric sh ock and en erg y h azards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7. 1
7. 2
7. 3

8

© I EC: 201 0(E)

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Fault cond itions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Protection agai nst el ectric sh ock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7. 3. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7. 3. 2 Decisi ve voltage classificati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7. 3. 3 Protecti ve separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
7. 3. 4 Protecti on ag ai nst d irect con tact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
7. 3. 5 Protecti on i n case of d irect con tact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7. 3. 6 Protecti on ag ai nst in d irect con tact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7. 3. 7 I nsu lation i nclud i n g cl earance an d creepage d istances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
7. 3. 8 Resi du al Curren t Detecti on (RCD) or M on i tori n g (RCM) d evice
com patibili ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7. 3. 9 Protecti on agai nst sh ock hazard d ue to stored en erg y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7. 4 Protection agai nst en ergy h azards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7. 4. 1 Determ i nation of h azard ous energ y l evel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7. 4. 2 Operator access areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7. 4. 3 Service access areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7. 5 Electrical tests related to sh ock h azard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7. 5. 1 I m pulse vol tage test (type test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7. 5. 2 Vol tag e test (d i electric stren gth test) (type test an d routine test). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

7. 5. 3 Parti al d isch arge test (type test or sam pl e test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7. 5. 4 Touch cu rrent m easurem en t (type test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7. 5. 5 Equ i pm ent wi th m ultipl e sources of su ppl y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Protection against m echan ical h azards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
8. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
8. 2 Movin g parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8. 2. 1 Protecti on of service persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8. 3 Stabil i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8. 4 Provisi ons for liftin g and carryin g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91


B S E N 621 09-1 : 201 0

–4–

9

621 09-1

© I EC: 201 0(E)

8. 5 Wall m ounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
8. 6 Expel l ed parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Protection against fire h azards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9. 1

Resistance to fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9. 1 . 1 Red uci n g th e risk of ig n iti on an d spread of flam e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9. 1 . 2 Con di tions for a fire encl osure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
9. 1 . 3 Materials req u irem en ts for protecti on ag ai nst fire hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

9. 1 . 4 Open i ngs in fire enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
9. 2 Lim ited power sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00
9. 2. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00
9. 2. 2 Lim ited power source tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00
9. 3 Short-circuit and overcurren t protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01
9. 3. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01
9. 3. 2 N um ber an d l ocation of overcu rrent protecti ve devi ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01
9. 3. 3 Short-circui t co-ordin ation (backup protecti on) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02
1 0 Protection ag ai nst son ic pressure h azards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02
1 0. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02
1 0. 2 Son ic pressure an d sou n d l evel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02
1 0. 2. 1 H azardous n oise levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02
1 1 Protection against l iq u id hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03
1 1 . 1 Liq u id con tai nm en t, pressure an d l eakag e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03
1 1 . 2 Fl u id pressure and leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03
1 1 . 2. 1 M axim um pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03
1 1 . 2. 2 Leakag e from parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 1 . 2. 3 Overpressure safety d evi ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 1 . 3 Oi l and grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 2 Ch em ical h azards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 2. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 3 Ph ysical req ui rem en ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
1 3. 1 H an dles an d m an u al con trols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
1 3. 1 . 1 Adj ustabl e con trols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
1 3. 2 Securin g of parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
1 3. 3 Provisi ons for external conn ections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
1 3. 3. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
1 3. 3. 2 Con nection to an a. c. m ai ns suppl y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 06
1 3. 3. 3 Wiring term in als for con n ection of extern al cond uctors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0
1 3. 3. 4 Suppl y wirin g space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1

1 3. 3. 5 Wire ben d in g space for wires 1 0 mm 2 an d greater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2
1 3. 3. 6 Disconn ecti on from suppl y sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2
1 3. 3. 7 Con nectors, pl ugs an d sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2
1 3. 3. 8 Direct plu g-in eq u i pm ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3
1 3. 4 I n tern al wiri n g and con n ecti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3
1 3. 4. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3
1 3. 4. 2 Routin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3
1 3. 4. 3 Colour cod i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3
1 3. 4. 4 Spl ices an d con n ecti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4
1 3. 4. 5 I n terconn ections between parts of th e PCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4
1 3. 5 Open i ngs in encl osures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4


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1 3. 5. 1 Top an d sid e open ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4
1 3. 6 Pol ym eric m aterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6
1 3. 6. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6
1 3. 6. 2 Pol ym ers serving as enclosures or barri ers preven ti n g access to
hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7
1 3. 6. 3 Pol ym ers servi ng as soli d i nsu lati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7
1 3. 6. 4 U V resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8
1 3. 7 Mech an ical resistance to d efl ecti on, im pact, or drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8
1 3. 7. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8

1 3. 7. 2 250 N d efl ecti on test for m etal encl osures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9
1 3. 7. 3 7 J im pact test for polym eric encl osures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9
1 3. 7. 4 Drop test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9
1 3. 8 Thickness req u irem ents for m etal encl osures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20
1 3. 8. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20
1 3. 8. 2 Cast m etal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20
1 3. 8. 3 Sheet m etal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20
1 4 Com pon en ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22
1 4. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22
1 4. 2 Motor overtem perature protecti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24
1 4. 3 Overtem perature protection devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24
1 4. 4 Fuse hol d ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24
1 4. 5 Mains voltag e selectin g d evices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24
1 4. 6 Pri nted circu it boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24
1 4. 7 Circu its or com ponen ts u sed as transien t overvol tage l im iti n g devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25
1 4. 8 Batteri es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25
1 4. 8. 1 Battery encl osu re ven til ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25
1 4. 8. 2 Battery m ou nting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 26
1 4. 8. 3 Electrol yte spi ll age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 26
1 4. 8. 4 Battery con n ections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 27
1 4. 8. 5 Battery m ai ntenance i nstructi ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 27
1 4. 8. 6 Battery accessi bil i ty and m aintai nabi lity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 27
1 5 Software an d firm ware perform in g safety fu nction s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 27
Ann ex A (norm ati ve) M easurem en t of clearances an d creepag e d istances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 28
Ann ex B (norm ati ve) Program m abl e equ i pm en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 33
Ann ex C (n orm ati ve) Sym bols to be used i n eq uipm ent m arkin gs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34
Ann ex D (i nform ative) Test probes for d eterm i ni n g access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 36
Ann ex E (inform ative) RCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 38
Ann ex F (i nform ative) Al ti tud e correcti on for clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40
Ann ex G (i nform ati ve) Cl earance an d creepage d i stance determ in ati on for freq uenci es

greater th an 30 kH z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 41
Ann ex H (i nform ative) M easuring instrum ent for touch current m easurem ents (see
7. 5. 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44
Ann ex I (inform ative) Exam ples of protection , insu lation, an d overvoltage category
req u irem ents for PCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 46
Ann ex J (norm ati ve) U l traviol et li ght con d iti on i n g test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 50
Fi gu re 1 – Fu ncti on al su mm ary of protective m easures ag ai nst el ectric sh ock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Fi gu re 2 – Typi cal waveform for a. c. worki ng voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51


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Fi gu re 3 – Typi cal waveform for d . c. worki ng voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Fi gu re 4 – Typi cal waveform for pu lsating worki ng voltag e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Fi gu re 5 – Exam pl es for protecti on ag ainst d irect con tact for DVC-C circu its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Fi gu re 6 – Protecti on by DCV A with protecti ve separati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Fi gu re 7 – Protecti on by m eans of protective im pedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Fi gu re 8 – Protecti on by l im itati on of d ischarge en erg y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Fi gu re 9 – Protecti on by m eans of voltag e l im itation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Fi gu re 1 0 – Exam ples of protecti ve bon d in g an d earth in g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Fi gu re 1 1 – Protecti ve bond i n g im pedance test for separate u n it wi th power fed from
th e PCE wi th overcurrent protecti on for th e power cabl e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Figu re 1 2 – Protecti ve bond i n g im pedance test for separate u n it with accessi bl e parts
an d with power fed from the PCE wi th out overcurren t protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Fi gu re 1 3 – Vol tag e test proced ures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Fi gu re 1 4 – Fire encl osure bottom open i ngs bel ow an u nencl osed or parti al l y en closed
com pon ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Fi gu re 1 5 – Fire enclosure baffle constructi on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Fi gu re 1 6 – Exam ples of cross-secti ons of d esig ns of open in gs preven tin g vertical
access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5
Fi gu re 1 7 – Exam ples of l ou ver d esign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5
Fi gu re 1 8 – Encl osure open in gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6
Figu re 1 9

− M ethods of com pliance verificati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 23

Fi gu re A. 1 – N arrow groove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 28
Fi gu re A. 2 – Wide groove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29
Fi gu re A. 3 – V-sh aped groove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29
Fi gu re A. 4 – Ri b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29
Fi gu re A. 5 – U ncem en ted j oin t wi th n arrow groove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29
Fi gu re A. 6 – U ncem en ted j oin t wi th wi d e groove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30
Fi gu re A. 7 – U ncem en ted j oin t wi th n arrow an d wide grooves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30
Fi gu re A. 8 – N arrow recess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30
Fi gu re A. 9 – Wide recess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 31
Fi gu re A. 1 0 – I n terven in g , unconn ected cond ucti ve part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 31
Fi gu re A. 1 1 – Distance for m u lti layer PWBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32
Fi gu re D. 1 – Test fin ger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 36
Fi gu re D. 2 – Test pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 37
Fi gu re D. 3 – Straigh t u nj oin ted test fi nger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 37
Fi gu re E. 1 – Flow ch art l ead i ng to selection of the RCD/RCM type u pstream of a PCE . . . . . . . 1 38
Fi gu re G. 1 – Cl earance d istance determ i nation for freq uenci es greater th an 30 kH z . . . . . . . . . . . 1 41
Fi gu re G. 2 – Creepage di stance determ in ati on for freq uenci es greater th an 30 kH z . . . . . . . . . . . 1 42
Fi gu re H . 1 – Measurin g i nstrum en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44

Fi gu re H . 2 – Alternative m easurin g i nstrum ent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 45
Fi gu re I . 1 – Transform er (basic) isol ated PV i n verter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47
Fi gu re I . 2 – Transform er (basic) isol ated PV in verter wi th SPD to red uce im pu lse
voltag e for fu nction al insu lation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47
Fi gu re I . 3 – I sol ated PV i n verter wi th SPD to red u ce im pu lse voltage for basic
insu l ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 48


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Fi gu re I . 4 – Transform er isol ated auxil iary circu it with reinforced i nsul ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 48
Fi gu re I . 5 – Transform erless PV i n verter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49
Tabl e 1 – Total tem perature l im its for transform ers, i nd uctors, an d oth er coi ls and th ei r
insu l ation system s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Tabl e 2 – Total tem perature l im its for m ateri als an d com ponen ts wh ere m anufacturer’s
ratings an d com pon en t stan d ard s do not exist (see 4. 3. 2. 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Tabl e 3 – Total touch tem perature lim its for accessible surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Tabl e 4 – En vi ronm ental categori es, en vironm ental cond i tions, an d test req u irem en ts . . . . . . . . . . 45
Tabl e 5 – Red ucti on of th e pol l uti on degree of in ternal en vironm ent throu g h the use of
ad d itional protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Tabl e 6 – Summ ary of th e l im its of th e d ecisi ve voltage classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Tabl e 7 – Exam ples of applicati on of insu lation and separati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Tabl e 8 – I nsu lation between accessibl e u n earth ed parts an d DVC-A or -B circui ts
adj acen t to DVC-B or -C circui ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Tabl e 9 – Val u es of accessi bl e capacitance an d chargi ng vol tage (thresh ol d of pain) . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Tabl e 1 0 – Test d urati on for protecti ve bon din g test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Tabl e 1 1 – External protecti ve earth i ng con d uctor cross-secti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Tabl e 1 2 – I nsu lati on voltage for l ow vol tag e circu i ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 1 3 – Clearance d istances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 1 4 – Creepage distances (mm ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Tabl e 1 5 – I m pu lse voltage test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Tabl e 1 6 – I m pu lse test voltag e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Tabl e 1 7 – AC or DC test vol tage for circu i ts conn ected d irectl y to th e m ain s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Tabl e 1 8 – a. c. or d. c. test voltage for circu its n ot con n ected d irectl y to th e m ains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Tabl e 1 9 – Partial d isch arge test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Tabl e 20 – Sum m ary of m aterial fl am m abil ity req u irem en ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Tabl e 21 – Al l owable open in gs i n fire encl osure bottom s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Table 22 – Lim its for i n heren tl y lim ited power sou rces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01
Tabl e 23 – Lim its for power sources not i nh erentl y lim ited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01
Tabl e 24 – Sizes of cond uctors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 08
Tabl e 25 – Ph ysical tests on power su ppl y cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 09
Tabl e 26 – Wire bend in g space from term i nals to obstructi ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2
Tabl e 27 – M i n im um property reten tion l im its after U V exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8
Tabl e 28 – Thickn ess of sheet m etal for encl osures: Carbon steel or stain l ess steel . . . . . . . . . . 1 21
Tabl e 29 – Thickn ess of sheet m etal for enclosures: al um in ium , copper or brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22
Tabl e A. 1 – Value of X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 28
Table C. 1 – Sym bols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34
Tabl e F. 1 – Correction factor for cl earances at alti tu d es above 2 000 m (see 7. 3. 7. 4. 1 ) . . . . . . 1 40
Tabl e F. 2 – Test vol tages for verifyi n g cl earances at d ifferent al titud es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40
Tabl e G. 1 – M i n im um val ues of cl earances i n air at atm osph eric pressure for
inh om ogen eous fi eld con d iti ons (Tabl e 1 of I EC 60664-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 42
Tabl e G. 2 – M i n im um val ues of creepage d istances for d ifferent frequ ency ran g es
(Table 2 of I EC 60664-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 43

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I NTERNATI ON AL ELECTROTECH NI CAL COMMI SSI ON
_____________

SAFETY OF POWER CONVERTERS FOR USE
IN PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS –
Part 1 : General requirements
FOREWORD
1 ) Th e I n tern ati on al El ectrotechn i cal Com m i ssi on (I EC) i s a worl d wi d e organ i zati on for stand ardi zati on com pri si n g
al l nati on al el ectrotechn i cal com m i ttees (I EC N ati on al Com m i ttees). The obj ect of I EC i s to prom ote
in tern ati on al co-operati on on al l q u esti on s con cerni ng stand ard i zati on i n the el ectri cal and el ectroni c fiel d s. To
th i s en d an d i n ad di ti on to oth er acti vi ti es, I EC pu bl i sh es I nternati on al Stan dard s, Tech n i cal Speci fi cati on s,
Techn i cal Reports, Publ i cl y Avai l abl e Speci fi cati ons (PAS) an d Gu i d es (h ereafter referred to as “I EC
Pu bl i cati on(s)”). Th ei r preparati on i s en tru sted to tech n i cal com m i ttees; any I EC N ati onal Com m i ttee i n terested
in the su bj ect deal t wi th m ay parti ci pate i n th i s preparatory work. I ntern ati onal , govern m ental an d n on govern m ental organ i zati on s l i ai si ng wi th th e I EC al so parti ci pate i n th i s preparati on . I EC col l aborates cl osel y
wi th the I n tern ati on al Organ i zati on for Stan d ard i zati on (I SO) i n accord an ce wi th con di ti ons d eterm i ned by
agreem ent between th e two organ i zati on s.
2) Th e form al deci si on s or ag reem en ts of I EC on tech n i cal m atters express, as n earl y as possi bl e, an i n tern ati on al
con sensus of opi n i on on th e rel evan t su bj ects si n ce each techn i cal com m i ttee has represen tati on from al l
i n terested I EC N ati onal Com m ittees.
3) I EC Pu bl i cati on s have the form of recom m en dati on s for i ntern ati onal use an d are accepted by I EC N ati on al
Com m i ttees i n th at sen se. Whi l e al l reason abl e efforts are m ade to ensu re th at the tech ni cal conten t of I EC

Publ i cati on s is accu rate, I EC can n ot be h eld respon si ble for th e way i n wh ich th ey are used or for an y
m i si nterpretati on by an y en d u ser.
4) I n ord er to prom ote i n tern ati on al u ni form i ty, I EC N ati on al Com m i ttees u n dertake to appl y I EC Publ i cati on s
tran sparen tl y to th e m axi m u m extent possi bl e i n thei r n ati onal an d regi on al publ i cati ons. Any d i vergence
between an y I EC Publ i cati on an d th e correspond i n g n ati on al or regi on al pu bl i cati on sh al l be cl earl y i n di cated i n
the l atter.
5) I EC i tsel f d oes n ot provi d e an y attestati on of con form i ty. I n depen d en t certi fi cati on bod i es provi d e con form i ty
assessm ent servi ces an d, i n som e areas, access to I EC m arks of conform i ty. I EC i s n ot responsi bl e for an y
servi ces carri ed ou t by i nd epen d en t certi fi cati on bodi es.
6) Al l u sers shou l d ensure that th ey h ave th e l atest ed i ti on of th i s publ i cati on .
7) N o l i abi l i ty sh al l attach to I EC or i ts d i rectors, em pl oyees, servants or ag en ts i ncl u di ng i n d i vi d u al experts an d
m em bers of i ts tech ni cal com m i ttees an d I EC N ati on al Com m i ttees for an y person al i n j u ry, property d am age or
other d am age of an y n atu re whatsoever, wh eth er d i rect or i n d i rect, or for costs (i ncl ud i n g l eg al fees) a n d
expenses ari si n g ou t of the publ i cati on, u se of, or rel i an ce u pon , th i s I EC Pu bl i cati on or an y oth er I E C
Pu bl i cati ons.
8) Atten ti on i s drawn to th e N orm ati ve references ci ted i n thi s publ i cati on. U se of the referen ced pu bl i cati ons i s
i nd i spen sabl e for the correct appl i cati on of th i s publ i cati on .
9) Atten ti on i s drawn to th e possi bi l i ty th at som e of th e el em en ts of th i s I EC Pu bl i cati on m ay be th e su bj ect of
paten t ri g hts. I EC sh al l not be hel d responsi bl e for i den ti fyi ng an y or al l such paten t ri ghts.

I n tern ati on al Stand ard I EC 621 09-1 has been prepared by I EC tech n ical comm ittee 82: Solar
ph otovoltaic energ y system s.
The text of th is stan d ard is based on the fol lowi n g docum en ts:
FDI S

Report on voti n g

82/593/FDI S

82/597/RVD

Fu l l inform ati on on th e voti ng for approval can be foun d in th e report on votin g i n d icated in th e
above tabl e.
A l ist of al l parts of I EC 621 09 seri es, u nd er the gen eral titl e, Safety of power converters for
use in photovoltaic power systems, can be fou nd on th e I EC website.


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The com m ittee has deci ded that the con ten ts of th is pu bl icati on wil l rem ain unch anged un ti l
th e stabili ty d ate i nd icated on th e I EC web si te un d er "h ttp: //webstore. i ec. ch " in th e data
related to th e specific pu blicati on. At th is d ate, th e publ icati on wi l l be
•
•
•
•

reconfi rm ed,
wi thdrawn ,
repl aced by a revised ed i ti on, or
am end ed.

A bi l in gual versi on of th is pu bl icati on m ay be issu ed at a l ater d ate.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.


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I N TRODU CTI ON
This Part of I EC 621 09 specifies th e safety req u irem ents th at are g en erall y appl icable to al l
eq u ipm ent wi th in its scope. For certai n types of eq u i pm ent, th ese requ irem en ts wi l l be
suppl em ented or m od ifi ed by th e speci al req u irem ents of on e or m ore su bseq uen t parts (for
exam ple I EC 621 09-2, I EC 621 09-3, etc. ) of th e stan d ard wh ich m ust be read i n conj u ncti on
with th e Part 1 requ irem ents.


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SAFETY OF POWER CONVERTERS FOR USE
IN PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS –
Part 1 : General requirements

1

Scope and object

1 .1

Scope

This part of I EC 621 09 appl i es to the power con versi on eq u i pm ent (PCE) for use i n
Photovoltaic (PV) s ystem s where a u n iform techn i cal level with respect to safety i s necessary.
This stan d ard d efi n es th e m in im um requ irem ents for th e d esign an d m an ufacture of PCE for
protecti on against el ectri c sh ock, en erg y, fire, m echan ical an d oth er h azards.
This stan d ard provi d es gen eral req u irem ents applicable to al l types of PV PCE. Th ere are
ad d iti onal parts of this stan dard th at provid e specific requ irem en ts for th e d ifferen t types of
power con verters, such as Part 2 - i n verters. Add i tion al parts m ay be pu blish ed as n ew
prod ucts an d tech n ol ogies are com m ercial ised.

1 .1 .1

Equipment included in scope

This stan d ard covers PCE con n ected to system s not exceed i n g m axim um PV source circu it
voltag e of 1 500 V d. c. The eq u ipm en t m ay al so be con n ected to system s not exceed i ng
1 000 V a. c. at the a. c. m ains ci rcu i ts, n on-m ai n s a. c. load circu its, an d to oth er DC source or
load ci rcu i ts such as batteries. This stand ard m ay be used for accessories for use wi th PCE,
except wh ere m ore appropriate stand ards exist.

Evalu ati on of PCE to th is stan d ard i ncl u des eval u ati on of al l features and fu ncti ons
incorporated in or avai l able for the PCE, or referred to i n the docum en tati on provi d ed wi th th e
PCE, if such features or fu ncti ons can affect com pl i ance with the req u irem ents of th is
stan dard.

1 .1 .2

Equipment for which other requirements may apply

This stan dard h as n ot been written to ad dress characteristics of power sources oth er than
ph otovoltaic system s, su ch as wi n d turbi n es, fu el cells, rotatin g m achi n e sources, etc.
N OTE 1

Req ui rem ents for oth er sou rces m ay be i n corporated i n th e I EC 621 09 seri es i n th e future.

Add i tion al or oth er req u i rem ents are n ecessary for eq ui pm en t i nten ded for use i n expl osi ve
atm osph eres (see I EC 60079), ai rcraft, m ari ne in stal l ations, el ectrom ed ical appl icati ons (see
I EC 60601 ) or at el evations above 2 000 m .
N OTE 2 Req ui rem ents are i n cl u ded for adj u stm ent of cl earan ce d i stances for hi gh er el evati on s, bu t n ot for oth er
factors rel ated to el evati on, su ch as th erm al con si d erati ons

1 .2

Object

1 .2.1

Aspects included in scope

The purpose of th e req u irem ents of th is part of I EC 621 09 is to ensure that the desi gn and

m ethods of construction used provid e adeq u ate protecti on for th e operator an d th e
surrou n di n g area against:
a) electric shock an d en ergy h azards;
b) m echan ical h azards;


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d)
e)
f)

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excessi ve tem perature h azards;
spread of fire from th e eq u ipm en t;
chem ical hazards;
son ic pressure hazards;

g) l iberated flu i ds, gases an d expl osi on h azards.
N OTE Servi ci n g personnel are expected to h ave th e necessary knowl ed ge and ski l l to u se reason abl e care i n
deal i ng wi th h azard s associ ated wi th th e operati on , repai r an d m ai n ten ance of th i s eq ui pm ent. Based upon th i s
prem i se, thi s stand ard provi d es on l y l i m i ted req u i rem en ts (for exam pl e m arki ngs or guard i n g) i n ten d ed to protect
servi ce person nel from hazard s that m ay n ot be apparent even to trai ned person nel .

1 .2.2

Aspects excluded from scope

Aspects n ot covered by th is stan dard incl ud e, bu t are not l im ited to, th e foll owi ng:
a) functi onal rel i abi l ity, perform ance or oth er properti es of th e eq u ipm ent n ot rel ated to
safety;
b) effecti ven ess of transport packagi ng;
c) EMC req u irem ents;
d) i nstall ati on requ irem en ts, wh ich are covered by l ocal an d n ati onal i nstal l ati on cod es.
N OTE Th is stand ard d oes provi d e req ui rem en ts for PCE i n tend ed to ensu re th at the PCE can be i nstal l ed i n a
safe m an ner, i n cl u di ng req u i rem ents for i n stal l ati on i nstru cti ons provi d ed wi th th e prod u ct.

2 Normative references
The fol l owi ng referenced docum ents are i n d ispen sabl e for th e appl icati on of this d ocum ent.
For d ated references, on l y the ed i tion ci ted appli es. For u n dated references, th e l atest edi tion
of th e referenced d ocum en t (i nclu d ing an y am end m ents) appl i es.
I EC 60060-1 ,
I EC 60085,

High-voltage test techniques − Part 1: General definitions and test requirements

Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation

I EC 601 1 2, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of
solid insulating materials
I EC 6021 6-1 , Electrical insulating materials – Properties of thermal endurance – Part 1:
Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results

Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 2:
Determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical insulating materials – Choice of

test criteria

I EC 6021 6-2,

Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 3:
Instructions for calculating thermal endurance characteristics

I EC 6021 6-3,

Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 4-1:
Ageing ovens − Section 1: Single-chamber ovens

I EC 6021 6-4-1 ,

I EC 6021 6-5, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 5:
Determination of relative thermal endurance index (RTE) of an insulating material
I EC 6021 6-6, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 6:
Determination of thermal endurance indices (TI and RTE) of an insulating material using the
fixed time frame method


B S EN 621 09-1 : 201 0

621 09-1

© I EC: 201 0(E)

– 13 –

I EC 60227-1 : 2007, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including

450/750 V - Part 1: General requirements
I EC 60245-1 : 2003, Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V –
Part 1: General requirements
I EC 60309 (al l parts),

Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes

I EC 60320 (al l parts),

Appliances couplers for household and similar general purposes

Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles,
assessment of general characteristics, definitions

I EC 60364-1 : 2005,

I EC 60364-5-54, Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-54: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Earthing arrangements, protective conductors and protective bonding
conductors
I EC 6041 7,

Graphical symbols for use on equipment

I EC 60529,

Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests

I EC 60664-1 : 2007,

I EC 60664 (al l parts),

Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems

Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems − Part 3:
Use of coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution

I EC 60664-3: 2003,

I EC 60664-4: 2005, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 4:
Consideration of high-frequency voltage stress
I EC 60695-2-1 1 , Fire hazard testing – Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods −
Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products
I EC 60695-2-20, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-20: Glowing/hot wire based test methods − Hotwire coil ignitability − Apparatus, test method and guidance
I EC 60695-1 1 -5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
I EC 60695-1 1 -1 0, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
I EC 60695-1 1 -20,

Fire hazard testing – Part 11- 20: Test flames – 500 W flame test methods

I EC 60730-1 : 201 0, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1:
General requirements
I EC 60755,

General requirements for residual current operated protective devices

I EC 60950-1 : 2005,
I EC 60990: 1 999,

Information technology equipment − Safety − Part 1: General requirements

Methods of measurement of touch current and protective conductor current


B S E N 621 09-1 : 201 0

– 14 –
I EC 61 032 ,

621 09-1

© I EC: 201 0(E)

Protection of persons and equipment by enclosures – Probes for verification

I EC 61 1 80-1 , High-voltage test techniques for low voltage equipment – Part 1: Definitions,
test and procedure requirements
I EC 62020,

(RCMs)

I SO 1 78,

Electrical accessories – Residual current monitors for household and similar uses

Plastics – Determination of flexural properties

I SO 1 79 (al l parts),

Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties

I SO 1 80,

Plastics – Determination of Izod impact strength

I SO 261 ,

ISO general purpose metric screw threads – General plan

I SO 262,

ISO general purpose metric screw threads – Selected sizes for screws, bolts and

nuts

I SO 527 (al l parts ),

Plastics – Determination of tensile properties

Acoustics − Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
pressure − Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane

I SO 3746,

I SO 4892-1 ,

Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 1: General

I SO 4892-2,

Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenon-arc

guidance
lamps

I SO 4892-4, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 4: Open-flame
carbon-arc lamps
I SO 7000,

Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Index and synopsis

I SO 8256,

Plastics – Determination of tensile-impact strength

I SO 961 4-1 , Acoustics − Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
intensity − Part 1: Measurement at discrete points
I SO 961 4-2, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
intensity – Part 2: Measurement by scanning
I SO 961 4-3, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
intensity – Part 3: Precision method for measurement by scanning
AN SI /ASTM E84,

Materials

Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building

AN SI U L 746B,

Polymeric Materials – Long Term Property Evaluations

AN SI U L 746C,

Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations

Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant
Heat Energy Source
ASTM E1 62,


B S EN 621 09-1 : 201 0

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3

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– 15 –

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of th is docum en t, the foll owi ng term s an d d efi n iti ons appl y.
N OTE U n l ess oth erwi se speci fi ed, val ues of "vol tag e" an d "current" are th e r. m . s. val ues of an al ternati ng, d i rect
or com posi te vol tag e or current.

3. 1
accessible

abl e to be touch ed wi th the stand ard access probes wh en used as specifi ed i n 7. 3. 4

3.2
basi c insul ation

insu lati on wh ich provid es a sin gl e level of protecti on agai nst el ectric sh ock und er faul t-free
con d iti ons
N OTE

Basi c i nsul ati on m ay serve al so for fu ncti on al pu rposes.

3.3
battery type

th e battery chem istry (e. g. l ead-acid) and type (e. g. flooded , gel, etc. ) or types of batteri es
i nten d ed for use with the PCE

3.4
battery - seal ed

a battery wi th no provisi on for th e ad d iti on of water or el ectrol yte, an d constructed so as to
prevent th e em issi on of li qu id or g asses u nd er n orm al operation

3.5
battery - non-sealed

a battery wi th rem ovabl e caps or oth er provisi on for ad di tion of water and /or el ectrol yte

3.6
battery - valve regulated

a sealed battery with provisi on for th e rel ease of excessi ve pressure u nd er abn orm al
con d iti ons

3.7
bipolar photovoltai c (PV) array

a ph otovol taic array th at consists of two i n tercon nected arrays wh ere on e ou tput conn ecti on
of one array is conn ected to th e opposite pol arity output con nection of th e oth er array to
create a comm on el ectrical nod e, sim il ar to a cen tre-tapped transform er

3.8
clearance

shortest d istance i n air between two cond uctive parts

3.9
closed electri cal operating area

room or l ocati on for electrical eq u ipm en t to wh ich access is restricted to skil led or i nstructed
persons by th e openi n g of a d oor or th e rem oval of a barrier by th e use of a key or tool an d
wh ich is cl earl y m arked by appropri ate warn i ng signs

3.1 0
comparative tracking index (CTI)

th e vol tage, as determ ined un d er th e con ditions specifi ed in I EC 601 1 2, th at causes a

perm anent electricall y cond ucti ve carbon path with th e appl icati on of 50 d rops of electrol yte
th at is appl i ed at the rate of one drop every 30 s to th e specim en


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3.1 1
creepage distance

shortest d istance alon g the surface of the insu l ati ng m ateri al between two con d ucti ve parts

[I EV 1 51 -03-37]

3.1 2
decisive voltage

th e decisi ve voltag e of a circui t is th e h i gh est voltag e wh ich occurs con tin uousl y between an y
two arbi trary l ive parts of the PCE d uring worst-case rated operati n g cond itions wh en used as
i nten d ed (see Decisi ve Voltage Cl ass l im its i n 7. 3. 2)

3.1 3
decorative part

a part of th e eq ui pm en t, ou tsid e the en cl osu re , wh ich h as no safety fu nction

3.1 4
direct plug-in equipment

eq u i pm ent wi th a m ains plu g th at is part of th e equ ipm en t so that th e eq u ipm ent is su pported
by th e m ains receptacl e

3.1 5
double insulation

i nsu l ation com prisi ng both basic insu lati on and su ppl em en tary i nsu l ati on
[I EV 1 95-06-08]

3.1 6
DVC A

decisi ve voltage classificati on (DVC) A as defin ed i n 7. 3. 2

3.1 7
DVC B

decisi ve voltage classificati on (DVC) B as defin ed i n 7. 3. 2

3.1 8
DVC C

decisi ve voltage classificati on (DVC) C as d efi n ed i n 7. 3. 2

3.1 9
enclosure

a part of th e equ ipm en t wh ich surrou n ds internal parts, in ten d ed to provid e protecti on against
external influ ences, agai nst th e spread of fire, or agai nst access to hazard s

3.20
environmental category

th e set of am bien t con ditions to wh ich th e PCE i s exposed i n its instal lati on , as defin ed in
Cl ause 6

3.21
equipotential bonding
provisi on of el ectric
eq u i poten ti al ity

con n ecti ons

between

con d ucti ve

parts,

i ntend ed

to

ach i eve

[I EV 1 95-01 -1 0]

N OTE

Th e effecti ven ess of th e eq ui potenti al bond i n g m ay d epen d on the freq u ency of th e current i n th e bond i n g.


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– 17 –

3. 22
equ ipotential bond ing condu ctor
con d uctor el ectricall y con nectin g m etal parts to provid e equ i poten ti al bon di ng
3. 23
EU T
eq u ipm ent u n der test
3. 24
Extra Low Voltag e (ELV)
voltage n ot exceedin g th e relevant vol tage lim it of band I specified i n I EC 60449
[I EV 826-1 2-30]
N OTE 1

I n I EC 60449 band I i s d efin ed as n ot exceed i n g 50 V a. c. r. m . s. and 1 20 V d. c.

N OTE 2 I n thi s in tern ati on al stan dard , protecti on ag ai nst el ectri c sh ock i s depend ent on the d eci si ve vol tage
cl assi fi cati on .

3. 25
fire en closu re
a part of th e eq u ipm en t wh ich surrou n ds in tern al parts, in ten ded to m in im i ze th e spread of fire
or flam i ng m aterials from with in
3. 26
fixed equi pm ent
eq u i pm ent fastened to a support, or oth erwi se secured i n a specific locati on
[I EV 826-07-07]

3. 27
flamm abil ity cl assi fi cati on of m ateri al s
th e recogn i tion of th e bu rn in g beh avi our of m aterials and th eir abi l ity to exti n gu ish if ign ited.
Materials are cl assifi ed as i n th e d efi n iti ons i n thi s stan d ard , wh en tested i n accord ance wi th
I EC 60695-1 1 -1 0, I EC 60695-1 1 -20, I SO 9772 or I SO 9773
N OTE 1 When appl yi n g th e requ i rem en ts in thi s stand ard , H F-1 cl ass foam ed m ateri al s are reg ard ed as better
th an th ose of cl as s H F - 2 , an d H F - 2 better th an H B F .
N OTE 2 Si m i l arl y, oth er m ateri al s, i ncl ud i n g ri gi d (en gi n eeri n g structu ral ) foam of cl ass 5 VA are regard ed as better
than th ose of cl ass 5 VB , 5 VB better than V - 0 , V - 0 better th an V - 1 , V - 1 better th an V - 2 , V - 2 better th an H B 40 an d H B 40
better th an H B 7 5 .
N OTE 3 Si m i l arl y, oth er m ateri al s of cl ass VTM - 0 are regarded as better th an th ose of cl ass VTM - 1 an d VTM - 1
better th an VTM - 2 .
N OTE 4 M ateri al s of fl am m abi l i ty cl asses VTM - 0 , VTM - 1 an d VTM - 2 are con si d ered to be equ i val en t to m ateri al s of
fl am m abi l i ty cl asses V - 0 , V - 1 an d V - 2 , respecti vel y, but on l y for thei r fl am m abi l i ty properti es. Th ei r el ectri cal an d
m echani cal properti es are n ot necessari l y eq ui val ent.

3. 28
function al earth termi n al
term i nal by wh ich el ectri cal conn ecti on is m ad e to a part or ci rcu i t for an y function al purpose
oth er th an safety
3. 29

function al i nsul ati on (FI)
i nsu l ati on th at is necessary on l y for th e correct operation of th e eq u ipm en t
N OTE Fu ncti on al i n sul ati on by defi ni ti on d oes n ot protect agai nst el ectri c sh ock. I t m ay, h owever, redu ce the
l i kel i hood of i gni ti on and fi re.


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3.30
hand-held equipment

portabl e equ i pm en t i nten ded to be supported by one han d du ri n g n orm al u se

3.31
hazard

poten tial source of h arm from an y of th e m echan ism s covered by th is stand ard, such as risk
of el ectric sh ock, risk of fire, etc.

3.32
hazardous energy level

an avai labl e power level of 240 VA or m ore h avi ng a d urati on of 60 s or m ore, or a stored
en erg y level of 20 J or m ore (for exam pl e, from one or m ore capaci tors), at a poten ti al of 2 V

or m ore (see 7. 4. 1 )

3.33
hazardous live

capable of rend eri ng an electric sh ock or el ectric burn . A circu it or a part that is ei th er a sh ock
or energ y h azard as descri bed i n Clause 7

3.34
hazardous voltage

a voltage exceed i n g th e l im its for sh ock hazard i n 7. 3

3.35
homogeneous field (distribution)

a h om ogeneous field is an el ectric fiel d wh ich h as an essen tial l y constant voltage gradi ent
between el ectrod es (un iform field), such as th at between two sph eres wh ere th e radi us of
each sph ere is greater th an th e d istance between th em

3.36
indoor, unconditioned

eq u i pm ent en vironm en tal cl assification in wh ich th e PCE is fu ll y covered by a bu i l di n g or
enclosure to protect it from direct rai n, su n, wi nd-blown d ust, fu ngus, an d rad i ation to th e col d
n ight sky, etc, , but th e bu il d in g or encl osure is not cond i tion ed i n term s of tem perature,
hum idi ty or air fi l tration, an d the eq u ipm ent m ay experi ence con d ensati on

3.37
indoor, conditioned

eq u i pm ent en vironm en tal cl assification in wh ich th e PCE is fu ll y covered by a bu i l di n g or
enclosure to fu ll y protect it from rai n, su n, wi n d-bl own d ust, fu n gus, an d rad i ati on to th e col d
n ig ht sky, etc, , and th e bu il d i ng or enclosure is general l y con di ti on ed i n term s of tem perature,
hum i di ty an d air fi l trati on . Con d ensati on is n ot expected

3.38
inhomogeneou s distribution (of an electric field)

inh om ogen eous distribu ti on of an electric fiel d refers to a fiel d wh ich does n ot have an
essen ti al l y constan t voltage grad i en t between electrod es (n on-u n iform fiel d)

3.39
Isc PV

absol ute m axim um total PV array sh ort circu it curren t (d. c. ) th at th e PCE is rated to have
con n ected to its PV in put, un d er worst-case cond i tions of am bien t tem perature, irrad i ance,
etc.
N OTE Th is rati n g of th e PCE refers to th e absolu te m axi m um cu rren t th e PV i n pu t to th e PCE i s desi gned for
un d er con di ti ons of expected use. Th i s d i ffers from th e si m pl e su m of th e m arked I sc rati n gs of the con nected PV
m odu l es, si nce th ose m arki n g s are based on sh ort-ci rcu i t con di ti ons u nd er stand ard test con di ti ons, an d m ay be
exceed ed i n col d tem peratu res or wi th i rrad i an ce above the stan d ard l evel .