ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 LESSON 1 TENSES

LESSON 1 :
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)

TENSES ( Các thì )

Affir :

S+V1 /Vs, es

Ex : Water boils at 100o c.

Neg:
not+ V1
Inter:
V1 …?

S+ do/ does +

Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry.

Do/ does+ S +

Ex : How often do you go to
school?

*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have
Diễn tả :
 Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng.
 Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán.
 Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên.
Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY,

NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now
and then . . ..
Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít :
- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z .
- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một
phụ âm ta đổi y  i + es
( She studies, Tom tries, He plays . . .).
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving
S + am/ is/ are + not
+ Ving
Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving
?

Ex: We are studying English now.
Ex: She isn’t writing when he
comes.
Ex: What are you doing while I am
doing?

Diễn tả :

 Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết.
 2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi).
 1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột
ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es)
Với :

AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW

3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)
S + has/ have + V3ed
S + has/ have + not
+ V3ed
Has/ Have + S + V3ed?

Ex: I’ve just opened the door.
Ex: We have studied English for many
years.
Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently.

Diễn
Ex: How long have you studied
ta
û:
English?

Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg.
 Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra.
 Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có
thể tiếp tục ở Tlai.


Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE,

SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO
FAR…

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)
S + has/ have + been +

Ving.
S + has/ have + not + been
+ Ving.
Has/ Have + S + been +
Ving?
Diễn tả:
đến Tlai

Ex: We have been studying English for
many years.

- Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qkhứ, tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể
( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng

TG.
5. SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)
S + V2ed
S + did + not
+ V1
Did + S + V1 ?

Ex: I saw him yesterday.
Ex: She didn’t come last week.
Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour
ago?

*(Be) : was / were  wasn’t, weren’t
Diễn tả:
- Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác
định rõ TG)

Với:
- YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…)
6. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD)
S + was/ were + Ving

Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm
yesterday.
S + was/ were + not + Ex:I was writing while my father was
Ving
reading.
Was / were + S +
Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone
Ving ?
rang.
Diễn tả:
 Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at
7pm, from 6 to 7, …)
 2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk. (while: trong khi)
 1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S +
ed
V2 )
Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…
7. PAST PERFECT (QKTD)
S + had + V3ed

Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my
homework.

S + had + not +
V3ed

Had + S + V3ed ?
Diễn tả:
- Hđộng xảy ra trước 1 mốc TG ở Qk hoặc trước 1 hđ Qk
Với :
( trước: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2)


8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLÑ)
S + will / shall + V1

Ex: I’ll buy it
tomorrow.

S + will / shall + not +
V1
Will / Shall + S + V1?
*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t.
Diễn tả:
 Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai.
 Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we
+ V1 …?)
Với:
TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)
9. FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT)
S + will / shall + have +
V3ed .
Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back
tomorrow.
Diễn tả:
 Hđộng sẽ hoàn tất trong tlai.

* Notes:
1) Near future: (Tlai gaàn)
S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ,
sắp sửa, dự định…
Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow.
2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp
diễn

Be : Ex: I am a student now.

Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ),
smell, taste, recognize.

Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish,
desire, refuse, forgive.

Những động từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose,
believe, remember, forget,
mind, expect, recollect.

Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue,
finish…

LESSON 2:
A.

PREPOSITIONS

COMMON PREPOSITION:

( Giới từ)

I. Prep. Of Place:
1. IN: ở trong ( 1 nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phoá/ …)
Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ …
in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/…
2. ON: ở trên
Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ …
on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ …
3. AT : ở tại (địa điểm nhỏ).
Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street….
at home/ school/ work…


4. FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát).
Ex: Mr. Mac Donald is from Scotland.
5. TO: đến (đích) .
Ex: Elizabeth went to the store.
6. BETWEEN : ở giữa (2 người / vật).
Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam
and Nga.
7. AMONG: ở giữa , trong soá
Ex : The letter is somewhere among
these papers.
II. Prep. Of Time
1. IN:
1977( 1890, 2008…)
the summer (winter…)
April (May, August…)
the morning (afternoon, evening…)

time: kịp lúc
an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour.


2. ON :

3. AT:

holiday
weekend
Monday
15, October
October 15th 1977
Monday morning
Christmas day
time : đúng lúc
fire : đang cháy
7 o’clock
night
midnight
noon
(the) weekend
Christmas
the end of
the moment

4. SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ …

Ex: He has studied English since

5. FOR (+ 1 khoảng TG) : được…

Ex: _________________ for 17

1900.
years
6. FROM: từ
7. TO : đến

Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to
1992.
III. Some Other Prep. :
1. By : bằng ,bởi.
Ex: They can enrich the soil by using
fertilizers.
* by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ …
2. On foot: đi bộ
3. For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) .
Ex: What would you like for
breakfast?
Ex: Some people read for pleasure.
4. With : với , bằng.
Ex: He went with her.
Ex: I can write better with my own pen.
5. About : veà.
Ex: What do you think about her?
6. Of : cuûa.
Ex: The window of the living room.
B. PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:

1. Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important,
kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind
of you.)
2. Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful
3. Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud
4. Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry
(S.O)
5. Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far
6. Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with
someone)
7. Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up
8. Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T)


C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION:


1. catch sight of : trông thấy
2. give place to
: nhường
chỗ cho
3. give way to : nhượng bộ ,tránh
đường cho
4. keep pace with
: theo kịp,
sánh bước
5. lose sight of
: mất hút, không
thấy
6. lose touch with : mất liên lạc

với
7. lose track of
: mất dấu
vết của
8. make allowance for: chiếu cố
đặc biệt
9. make fun of
: chế nhạo
10.make a fuss over/ about
: cuống quýt về việc
gì

11. make room for
cho
12. make use of
13. pay attention to
đến
14. put a stop to
lại
15. put an end to
16. set fire to
lửa, đốt
17. take account of
đến
18. take advantage of
19. take care of
20. take note of
đến
21. take notice of

: dọn chỗ
: sử dụng
: chú ý
: làm dừng
: chấm dứt
: châm
: chú ý
: lợi dụng
: chăm sóc
: chú ý
: chú ý tới

D. GO + PREPOSITION:

1. after: đuổi theo
giá
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

ahead: được tiến hành
along: tiến triển
away: ra đi, rời khỏi nơi nào
back: trở về
by: trôi qua( thời gian)

E. CÁC TRƯỜNG HP KHÁC

7. down: giảm giá  up: tăng
8. on: tiếp tục
9. off: nổ
10. out: tắt
11. over: xem xét kỹ


1. belong to
: thuộc về
2. on the contrary
: ngược lại
3. on the whole : noùi chung
4. be up to = depend on : tuỳ
thuộc vào
5. listen to
: lắng nghe
6. suffer from
: bị, chịu
7. free from
: giải phóng
khỏi
8. write …to
: viết … cho…
9. wait for..
: chờ
10. ask …for..
: hỏi xin
11. look at
: nhìn

12. look after
sóc
13. look up
:
14. look out
15. look for
16. laugh at
17. good at
18. good for
19. prevent… from :
20. be in bed
giường
21. regard … as
:
22. be divided into :
23. take part in
:

: chăm
tra từ điển
: nhìn ra ngoài
: tìm kiếm
: cười nhạo
: giỏi về cái gì
: tốt cho cái gì
ngăn … không cho
: nằm trên
xem như
được chia thành
tham gia vào

WORD FORM

LESSON 3:

( Từ Loại )

A. PARTS OF SPEECH:

I. Noun (n)
1) n + V
: laøm S cho V
2) V + n
: laøm O cho V
3) prep. + n
: laøm O cho prep.
4) be (laø) + n : laøm C ( C : complement: bổ ngữ)
5) adj + n
Ex: People can see new film at the cinema.
S
O
O
He is a scientist.
C
* Notes:
- a, an ,the
- this, that, these, those
- some, any, many, …
+ n

- my, your, Tom’s, …

II. Adjective (adj.):
1) adj + n
2) adv + adj
3) be (thì, là ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vị),
get, grow,remain,
stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj
Ex: That young girl is very beautiful.
III. Adverb (adv):
1) S + Vi + adv
2) S + Vt + O + adv
3) S + Vaux + adv + Vmain
4) adv + adj
5) adv + adv
6) S + V + adv
( or: adv + S + V + …. )

Ex: They arrived safely.
Ex: She did the housework disappointedly.
Ex: He can surely do it
Ex: He is reasonably right.
Ex: Jack runs very quickly.
Ex: We have bought it at that store recently.
(or: Recently we have bought it at that store.)

IV. Verb (v) : V đứng sau S.
Các hình thức  của V còn được dùng ở nhiều vị trí khác.
Participle:
Present participle ( Ving)

Past participle ( V3ed)
1) Used in Continuous tenses ( Ving)
2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V3ed)
3) Used as Adj:
Ving

Active meaning
ed
V3

Passive meaning
Ex: a/
The match excites the fans.
The match is exciting.
The fans are excited.
b/

The children have seen an interesting film.
The children are interested in the film.

B. FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V:


I. V + suffix
prevention



n

: V + -tion, ation : conservation, preservation,
-ment
-er
-ing
- age
-0

:
:
:
:
:

development
fertilizer
poisoning, dirtying
drainage
safeguard

II. n + suffix  adj
:
- ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful
- less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless,
treeless
- ly : manly, brotherly, worldly,
hourly, yearly, daily.
n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike

adj
- y : dusty, snowy,

rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy.
- ish :
foolish, selfish, childish
- al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural.
III. OUT + Vi  Vt (tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) :
outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh
IV. UNDER + n / V  n / V( thấp hơn, bên dưới, kém hơn) :
undergrowth,
undercharge
V. OVER + n/ Adj /V  n/ Adj / V
( quá giới hạn, vượt, quá nhiều)
overcoat, overanxious, overact.
C. WORD FORM CHARTS:

1.

3.

satisfy (v)
satisfied( past. Part)
satisfying (pres. part)
satisfactory (adj)
satisfactorily (adv)
satisfaction (n)
tolerate(v)
tolerated( past. Part)
tolerant(adj)
tolerable(adj)
tolerably(adv)
tolerance(n)

4.

important (adj)
importance(n)

5.

difficult(adj)
difficulty(n)

2.

disappoint(v)
disappointed(past. Part)
disappointing(pres. part)
disappointedly(adv)
disappointment(n)

=


6.

determine (v)
determination (n)

7.

tend (v)

tendency(n)

8.

occupy (v)
occupied (past. Part)
occupation(n)
occupational (adj)

9.
10.

11.

12.

attract(v)
attracted(past. Part)
attractive(adj)
attractively(adv)
attraction(n)

13.

reason(v)
reasonable(adj)
reasonably(adv)
reason(n)

14.

absorb(v)
absorbed(past. Part)
absorbent(adj) / (n)
absorptive(adj)
absorption(n)

15.

deafen(v)
deaf(adj) / (n)
deafness(n)

16.

militarize(v)
militaristic(adj)
military(adj) / (n)
militarily(adv)
militarism(n)

potential (adj) / (n)
expect(v)
expected (past. Part)
expecting(pres. part)
expectant(adj)
expectantly(adv)
expectation(n)
prefer(v)
preferential(adj)

preferentially(adv)
preference(n)


LESSON 4 :

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
( Mệnh Đề Trạng Từ Chỉ Thời Gian)

I. PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

Ex:

1/
2/

a. We always take our umbrellas when it rains.
b. We are singing as she comes.
a. I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.
b. I’m writing while they are talking.

3./ He goes home after he has finished his work.
4/

a. She has played the piano since she was five.
b. I’ve felt much better since I’ve been here.

5/ a. She greets me as soon as she sees me.
b. He continues his journey as soon as he has finished his meal.
Main Clause

(Mđề chính)

Adverbial Clauses of Time
(Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG)

1. S + V1 / s / es
S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving
(ñang…)
2. S+ V1 / s / es
S + AM / IS / ARE +
Ving(ñang…)
3. S+ V1 / s / es
4. S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed

5. S

+ V1 / s / es

WHEN = AS
WHENEVER

S + V1 / s / es

WHILE =AS

S
+ AM / IS / ARE
(ñang…)

AFTER

S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed

SINCE

S + V2ed ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT
S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed Vẫn
còn
S + V1 / s / es
S
+ HAS / HAVE
+ V3ed
Hoàn tất

AS SOON AS
UNTILL =
TILL

II. PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
EX: 1/ a. I sat near the window whenever I took a bus.
b. It was raining hard when I got there.
2/ a. I met him while I was walking down the street.
b. I was writing while he was reading.
3/

He smoked after he had finished his meal.

4/

He had finished his meal before he smoked.

5/ a. He left as soon as I told him.
b. He left as soon as he had finished his work.
Main Clause (Mđề chính)
Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ
chỉ TG)
S + WAS / WERE + Ving

WHEN = AS

S + V2

+ Ving


(ñang…)
2. S + V2
S + WAS / WERE + Ving
(ñang…)
3. S + V2
4. S + HAD + V3ED
5. S + V2

WHENEVER
WHILE =AS

AFTER
BY THE TIME
BEFORE
AS SOON AS

UNTILL =
TILL

S + WAS / WERE + Ving
(ñang…)
S + HAD + V3ED
S + V2
S + V2
S + HAD + V3ED
tất

Hoàn

II. FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

EX: 1/ a. We’ ll go when we want.
b. I’m goint to wait until you have finished your homework.
2/
We will have finished the work by the time you get back
tomorrow.
Main Clause (Mđề chính)

1. S + WILL / SHALL + V1
OR:
S + AM / IS / ARE GOING TO +
V1
2. S + WILL / SHALL + HAVE +
V3ed
H
oàn tất

Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ
chỉ TG)
WHEN =AS
AS SOON AS
UNTILL =
TILL
BY THE TIME
BEFORE

S + V1 / s / es
S
+
HAS
/
ed
V3 Hoàn tất
S+ V1 / s / es

HAVE

+


Note: Không dùng thì Tlai trong Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG Dùng các thì Htại thay
thế.

LESSON 5

:

MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS


( Dựng & Trả Lời Câu Hỏi)
Types
Yes - No
Or
Wh

Questions

Answers
Yes, Spron. + Vpreceding Q.
Inter. form?
No, Spron. + Vpreceding Q. +
NOT
Inter. form + A or Affir. form + A/B
B?
Wh + Inter. form? Affir. form

Ex: 1. Uncle Ho / die / 1969?
- Did Uncle Ho die in 1969?
 Yes, he did.
2. Faraday / writer or scientist?
- Was Faraday a writer or a scientist?  He / Faraday was a scientist.
3. When / Tom / go / school?
- When does Tom often go to school?
 He/Tom often goes to school in the morning.
Notes:

1. When “Wh” is the Subject or Modifies the Subject
 Affir. form is used in the Q.
Ex: a/ Who can swim?
 Nam can swim.
b/ How many students are absent today?
 Two students are absent today.
2. Tag Question:
Ex:
The weather is nice , isn’t it ?  Yes, it is.
3. Commands:
V1…( Haõy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give…  They are / It is …
Ex:
Name some English scientists.
 They / Some E. scientists are Newton, Faraday, …

LESSON 6:

ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE
( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách)

A:
P:
by

S
S
O

+

+ V +
BE

+

O
V 3ed

+

(chia thì theo động từ của
câu Active)
(A : Active
P : Passive)
Ex:

1/ A: Tom eats apples every day.
P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day.
2/ A: They saw him in the shop.
P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )


ACTIVE

PASSIVE
Am/ is /are

V1 / Vs/es
V2ed

Was / were
Am/ is /are

Am/ is /are

+ +

+

V3ed

being
Was / were
Has / have

Ving
Was / were
Has / have
+
Had
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must
V1
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to

Used to
Notes:
1/

+

been
Had
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
+ Must
be
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to

V3ed

A:

S + V +

P: S +

OI +

BE + V3ed +

+
+

V3ed

OD
OD +

by + O

( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by +
O)
OR:

Ex:
A:
some books.

gave

OI
OD
Mary was given some books by Lan.

P:
OR:

Lan

(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)

2/
A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V ….
P:
OR:

+V
V :

Ex :

S + BE
+ V3ed + TO + V1
IT + BE + V 3ed + by + O + (THAT) S

SAY
BELIEVE
TELL
CONSIDER…

KNOW
REPORT
CLAIM

THINK
RUMOUR
PROVE

A : They say that they has been ill.
P : He is said to have been ill. (or : It is said that he has been ill.)

Mary


CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

LESSON 7:

( Câu Điều Kiện)
Types and Use
If Clause ( Mđề IF)
Main
(Loại và Cách
dùng )
1. Future Possible
V1 /s /es
 ĐK có thể IF + S +
do /does +not S +
xảy ra ở HT&TL + V1
*BE: am, is ,are

will
shall
can
may

2. Present Unreal:


ĐK
không IF
thể xảy ra ở V1
HT&TL

would
should
could
might

+ S+

V2ed
did not + S+
*BE: were

3. Past Unreal:

ĐK
không IF + S + had + V3ed
thể xảy ra ở
QK.
Ex:



S+
V3ed

Clause ( Mđề chính)

+ V1

would
should

+ V1

+ have +

could
might

1. If it is fine, we will go.
2. I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird.
3. If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?

Sentence Transformation:

A/ UNLESS

If + S +

=

IF … NOT

If + Neg. form
am /is/ are not
do /does not + V1

did not+V1
were not
had not+ V3ed
Ex:

=

Unless + Affir. form
am /is/ are
V1/s /es
= UNLESS + S +
V2ed
were
had + V3ed

If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks.
= Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks.

Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđịnh, Mđề chính ở thể Pûđịnh , ta có thể
chuyển sang
UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđịnh.
Ex:

If you are lazy, you can’t be successful
= Unless you are lazy, you can be successful.



B/ CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TÌNH HUỐNG
T. HUỐNG CHO:

1.Có từ “OR” : viết đk loại 1

2. H.tại
3.Q. kh

:
:

loại 2
loại 3

4.Có từ “SO”: viết xuôi

S+V

SO

S +V
 IF + S + V

,

S

+V
5.Có từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược
S +V
because

S +V

 IF + S + V
S+V
6. Phủ định viết khẳng định & ngược laïi
Examples: 1.

I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor.
If I were clever, I would be a doctor.
2. John was sick because he ate much cake.
If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick.

Trường hợp khác :
1.
S+ can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to
+V1
IF + S + V1/Vs,es
,
S + can/ will + V 1
( Ñk 1)
Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week.
 If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it.
2.
V 1 or
S + will /can +V1
 S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1
Ex:

Work hard or you’ll fail the exam.
 You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.

LESSON 8 :

UNREAL WISHES

( Ước Muốn Không Thể Xảy Ra)
could + V1

:

Tình huống Htại /

,


Tlai , trái với khả năng
S + wish + (that)
would / should + V1 : Tình huống Tlai
+ S + V 2 / were; didn’t+ V 1 / weren’t
:
huống Htại
If only
hadn’t + V 3
:
huống Qkhứ
Ex: a)
b)
c)
d)


Tình
Tình

I wish I (can fly) could fly.
We wish it (be) would be sunny soon.
If only we (see) saw a UFO now.
He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday.

Sentence Transformation:
S+ be sorry
What a pity
+ V
It is a pity
S
+
regret
+
V
S
+
do / does not like


Not
-

+






S

a.
+
+

S
+ wish
S +
V
thiếu)
Kđịnh
Htại
Qkhứ

( that)

V ing / S

Ving / to v1
+

( that )

+

e:
Thêm

S
(
nếu

Pđịnh ( và ngược lại)
Qkhứ;
Qkhứ hoàn thành

Ex: I’m sorry that I didn’t come yesterday.
 I wish ( that) I had come yesterday.
Ex: Mr. Taylor doesn’t like living in a small house.
 Mr. Taylor wishes he didn’t live in a small house.

b.

S + would like / would love
 S+ wish
S + had + V3ed

+ to V1 / to have +
+

( that)

V3ed

S + V2

/

Ex: I’d like to have met her.
 I wish I had met her.

LESSON 9:

GERUND AND INFINITIVE
( Danh Động Từ & Động Từ Nguyên Mẫu)

A. GERUND (Ving) : đóng vai trò V & N cùng một lúc.

Vai trò:
1. S

( Ex: Learning English is easily.)


2. O

- Sau prep. (Ex: We are interested in studying English.)
- Sau một số V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.)

3. C

(Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of

natural

Notes:

resources.)

The + Ving +

of

+ n

( Ex: The reclaiming of land.)

B. GERUND OR INFINITIVE :

I. Các động từ được theo sau bằng động từ nguyên
mẫu ( To+V1)
Theo qui luật thông thường, động từ nào đúng sau một động từ
khác thì phải ở dạng
nguyên mẫu (TO +V1)
Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran.
b) Mary asked John to help her.
c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist.
d) Every body is expecting her to come.
II. Các động từ & cụm từ được theo sau baèng Ving :

1. acknowledge
2. admit
3. appreciate
4. avoid
5. celebrate
6. consider
7. delay =postpone
8. deny
9. detest

10.
tinue
11.
s
12.
13.
e
14.
15.
e
16.
n
17.
= imagine
18.
like
19.
20.
e
21.
e
22.
e
23.

discon
discus
dislike
endur
enjoy

escap
explai
fancy
feel
finish
forgiv
includ
involv
justify

24.
keep(conti
nue)
25.
mention
26.
mind
27.
miss
28.
practise
29.
prevent
30.
prohibit
31.
propose
32.
quit
33.

recall
34.
report
35.
resent
36.
resist
37.
risk
38.
suggest
39.
support
40.
tolerate
41.
understand
42.
be
accustomed to = be used to
43.
be busy
44.
be worth
45.
can’t help
46.
can’t stand
47.
get used to

= become accustomed to
48.
look
forward to
49.
it’s
no
good
50.
it’s no use


III. Các động từ được theo sau bằng Ving / To V1 nhưng
không dổi nghóa:
1. continue
5. begin
2. dread
6. hate
3. like
7. love
4. prefer
8. start
Ex:
She started to learn English when she was 5 years old.
 She started learning English when she was 5 years old.

IV. Các động từ được theo sau bằng Ving / To V1 nhưng dổi
nghóa:
To V1

1. FORGET, REGET,
+

Ving

REMEMBER
Ex:

a)
b)

: sẽ xảy ra ( Tlai)
: đãõ xảy ra ( Qkhứ)

Remember to sent John a present. Today is his birthday.
I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget
your name.

2. TRY +

To V1

: cố gắng làm.

Ving

: thử làm.

Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college.
b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front

door.
3. STOP

+

To V1

: dừng lại để làm việc gì khác.

Ving

: dừng lại không làm việc gì (đang

làm) nữa.
Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee
b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough.
4. NEED

+

To V1 :
cần phải làm ( ý chủ động).
Ving
:
cần phải được làm ( ý bị động).
Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder.
b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting.

V. Một số trường hợp khác:
1.

ADVISE
ALLOW
PERMIT
RECOMMEND

To V1 Ex: The police allow us to go there
+

V

ing

Ex: The police allow going there.


2.

FEEL
HEAR
SEE

+ Vo / Ving ( ñang)

Ex: We saw David jog
jogging in the

park.
WATCH
3.

4.

HELP
MAKE
LET
NOTICE
BID

+O

WOULD RATHER
HAD BETTER ( not )

+ V1

Ex: Please let me go.

+ V1

Ex: I’d rather drink tea than coffee.
You’d better not go out.

CLAUSES & PHRASES
OF CAUSES & EFFECTS

LESSON10 :

(Mệnh Đề Và Cụm Từ Chỉ Nguyên Nhân Và Kết Quả)
1.

S + be / V ord + SO + adj / adv + THAT
+ S + V

Ex:
can’t

( quá…

đến

The tea is so hot that I
drink it.
He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.

noåi…)

S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj
+ S + V…

+

n

+

THAT
2.

(

quá…

đến nổi…)
Ex:
It is such
He was such a bad driver that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
3.
S + be / V
+ V1 (+ O)*

ord

+ TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO

( quá..
nên không thể…)
* Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung.
* Bỏ O của ‘to V’ khi O này = S
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.


4/



be +adj
S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V 1 ( + O
)

V ord + adv
(đủ…
để…)
Ex:
The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test.

Sentence Transformation:
S(n)

+

be

+

SO

+

adj

+

THAT…
a/
It /This /That

n + THAT…
He/ She/ They

Ex:

b/

+

be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj +

The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
 It is such hot tea that I can’t drink it.

S + Vord

+ SO + adv + THAT …

 S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj +
THAT…
Ex:

n

+

He drove so badly
that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
 He was such a bad driver that __________________________.

S + V + SO
)*

+ adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O

c/
S + V + TOO + adj/adv
(+ O)*

+

(for +O) + TO + V1

* Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung.
* Bỏ O của ‘To V’ khi O naøy = S
Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can’t drink.
 The tea is too hot for me to drink.
b) He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
 He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
…TOO +
d/

… NOT
ENOUGH…

adj / adv …

+
adj /adv

+

Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.

 The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.


RELATIVE CLAUSES

LESSON 11 :

( Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ)

Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:
Functi
ons

Subjec
t

Objec

Poss.

Antecedents
Things

Which

Which

People

Who

Whom

Whose +
n
(of which)
Whose +
n

Adv

Place
Where
Time
When
Reason
Why
Notes: *Where = prep + nplace
*When
= prep + ntime
*Why
= for + the reason
*‘THAT’ thay theá cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề
có giới
hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep).
*Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi
mệnh đề chính
khi tiền danh từ là:
- Danh từ riêng
- Danh từ được bổ nghóa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

- Danh từ được bổ nghóa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S
HOUSE,…)
- Danh từ được bổ nghóa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man
from Hanoi,…)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.

Relative Clauses:
R
el. Cl.
Ant.
Things
People
People/ things
Place
Time
Reason
Ex:

a/

Relative clause
Relative pronoun /
The other parts
adverb
+
which / that
+
V ( + O)
+
S+V

+
who / that
+
V( + O)
+
whom /that
+
S+V
V ( + O)
+
whose
+n+
S+V
+
where
+
when
+ S + V
+
why
(+ O)

Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door.