Dokumen tips keith harding going international english for tbookzzorg

1

2

The history and
development of
tourism
page6

The organization and
structure of tourism
page 18

SECTION 1

•

SECTION 1

•

3..... ..... .

•

••

Travel agents
page29

SECTION 1

An introduction to tourism

Why do people travel?

What kind of holiday?

List ening 1
Personal experiences
Speaking
Tourist attracti ons
language focus 1
Talking about likes and disli kes
Ta lking about past experiences
Outputtask
Class survey and class profiles

Speaking
Reasons fortravelli ng
Listening 1
A passenger survey at an airport
language focu s 1
Question forms
Output task
Class passenger survey

Speaking and vocabulary
Holiday types
Reading

Four holidays
listening 1
Booking a holiday
language focus 1
Taking a booking
Making suggestions and giving
information (spoken)
Output task
Travel agent role-play

SECTION 2
Developments in tourism
Vocabul ary
The language of touri sm
Speaking
Key events in the development of
tourism
Reading
'Footprints in the sa nds oftime'
Output task
Pioneers of touri sm

SECTION 3

2

•

SECTION 2
Statistical information about travel

and touri sm
Reading
Displaying statistical information
language focus 2
Describing graphs and statistics
Output task
A stati stica l report

SECTION 3

SECTION 2
The business traveller
Vocabul ary and listening 2
The needs ofthe business traveller
Reading and speaking
Holiday Inn Priority Club
Output t ask
Comparing facilities atthree hotels

SECTION 3

Festiva ls

Working in tourism

Visas

Listen ing 2
Imnarja festiva l
l anguage foc us 2

Describing procedures - present
simple passive
Output task
Otherfestiva ls

Reading
Th e structure of th e touri sm industry
Vocabul ary
Jobs in touri sm
Listening 2
Identifying jobs and situations
Output task
Producing a CV

listening 3
US visa req uirements
language focus 2
Obligation and permission
Telephone language
Output task
Telephone conversations

Activity

Activity

Activity

The geography oftourism

Tourism in The Gambia, Sierra leone,
and Belize

My hols

• • II


4

.........

.,.,.".."

.. ............ .
~

Tour operation
page43

SECTION 1

5

6 ..

Air travel

Travel by sea and rivercruises and ferries
page 74

page60

SECTION 1

,

~

Announcements and procedures

Cruise info rm ation

Vocabulary
Travel agents and t our operators
Listening 1
Travel agents and tour operators
Reading
The tour operator's in-tray
Output t ask
Tour operator's replies

Speaking
Experiences offi ying
Listening 1
Airport announcements
Reading and vocabul ary
Airport procedure
Language focus 1
Explaining procedure

Output ta sk
Cabin crew procedure

Speaking
Types of water holiday
Reading
General in fo rm ati on
Language focus 1
The passive voice for giving
information
Output task
Passenger information

SECTION 2

"

, ' " . ..

SECTION 1

The role of the tour operat or

SECTION 2

,.

SECTION 2

Negotiati ons

Checking in

Ticket info rm ation and itineraries

Reading
Negotiation techniques
Listening 2
Prelimina ry negotiations
Language focus 1
Arranging a meetin g
Ident ifying and p roposing areas of
discussion
Output t ask
Negotiat ions with a hotel

Reading
Boa rding passes and check-in screens
Listening 2
Atthe check-in desk
Output t ask
Checking in

Reading and speaking
Greek ferries
Reading and speaking
A t rip down t he Nile
Language focus 2
Talking about fu ture arrange ments
Output t ask

Travel arra ngements

SECTION 3

SECTION 3

SECTION 3

Handli ng complaints

Flight attendants

On-board info rm ation

Listening 3
Three comp laints
Languag e focus 2
Respo nding t o complaints (spoken)
Output ta sk
Feedback questi onnaires

Listening 3
Could you be a fiight attendant?
Reading
Psychology q uestionna ire fo r potential
fii ght attendants
Language focu s 2
Indirect questions (revision)
Speaking
Flig ht attendant j ob interview

Output task
Cabin crew ro le-play

Listening 1
Intern ational eti quette
Vocabul ary
Ships and cabin s
List ening 2
Cabin accom modation
Output t ask
Desig ning and explaining crui se
accommodation

Activity

Activity

Activity

Pl anni ng a seri es oftours

Cust oms reg ulati ons

Cru ise itinerary

A


7

...

Travel by road and rail

page 88

"

8

•••••

t

...... "

...

~,.

. . . . . . . . . oIt

Tickets, reservations,
and insurance

9

. . . . . . "."'.~ . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . '"

Tourist information
page 122

page 105

SECTION 1

SECTION 1

SECTION 1

The best way to trave l?

Fact s and figures

Tourist attraction s and faciliti es

Speaking
Travel experiences
Reading
A rail j ourney in India
Listening 1
A weekend brea k
Language focus 1
Compari so n, contrast, and
reinforcement (spoken regi st er)
Output task
London to Pari s

Reading and vocabulary
Travel documents
Reading
Prices and faciliti es at Hotel King
Solomon's Palace
Language focus 1
Calculating and quoting prices
Output task
Finding out about prices and faciliti es

Vocabulary
Tourist attractions
Listening 1
Enquiries at a tourist info rmati on
centre
Reading
Information on Bangkok
Language focus 1
Ad vice and suggestions (written register)
Output task
Writing a touri st information leaflet

SECTION 2

SECTION 2

SECTION 2

Independent travel overland

Bookings and reservations

Sydn ey - w here to st ay and what to see

Reading
VIA Rail Canada
Listening 2
Enquiring about a motorhome
Reading and speaking
Explaining ca r- hire arrangements
Output ta sk
Fly-drive holidays in th e US

Listening 1
Stages in booking a holiday
Reading
Travel agency documents
Reading
Travel agency letters
Listening 2
Selling an air ti cket
Output task
Making flight re servation s

Reading and speaking
Accommo dation in Sydn ey
Listening 2
Sydney Harbour Bridge
Language focus 2
Giving factu al information

Measurem ent and dimension
Output task
Inform ation on touri st sights

SECTION 3

SECTION 3

SECTION 3

Coach tours - d rea m or disast er?

Wh en things go wrong

Theme park holidays

Reading
A coach tour of Europe
Listening 3
A disastrous to ur
Language focus 2
Dealing wi th problems - sympathizing
and ca lming
Output task
Faxes to Head Office

Reading
Travel insurance
Listening 3
Holiday disasters

Language focus 2
Describin g events in th e past
Output task
Insurance report form s

Reading
Disneyland" Pari s
Reading and speaking
Accommodati on options at
Disneyland" Paris
Output task
Planning a th eme park

Activity

Activity

Activity

The Road and Rail Game

Tourist budgets

Tourism in Stratford-upon-Avon


10

.,.."" • • • o." . . . . ay . . . . . . . . . . .

""v,1'I

Guiding

page137

SECTION 1

11

"'It~

.""I.,.O"'1'~"'.'W,.1l0.~tI

••••

12

..

Promotion and
marketing in tourism

Developments in
tourism

page 150

page 164

SECTION 1

SECTION 1

..,

\'

,\

....

Working as a tour guide

Selling a holiday

The shape ofthings to come?

Reading
How to be a good guide
listening 1
Answerphone messages
Language focus 1
Telephone languagerequest s and responses
Output task
Booking a guide

Reading and speaking
Types of adverti sing and promotion
Reading

'Howto sell your product'
Languagefocus 1
Describing features
Outputtask
Selling a holiday

Spea king
Statements about travel and tourism
Reading
Space hotel
Language focus 1
Future predictions
Output task
Predicting future trends in touri sm

SECTION 2

SECTION 2

SECTION 2
The advantages and disadvantages

Inform ation

Specialist holidays

Reading
A tourofScotland
listening 2
Guide in stru ctions

Outputtask
Additional arrangements

Vocabulary and speaking
Holiday types and market segments
Listening 1
Holiday advertisements
Reading
Heliskiing holidays
Output task
Specialist holidayenquiries

SECTION 3

SECTION 3

oftou ri sm

Speaking
Th e effect s oftourism
Reading
The impact of tourism in the
developing world
Listening 1
The independenttraveller
Outputtask
How to be a good tourist

SECTION 3

Ontour

Promotion on the Internet

Tourism and the enviro nment

Vocabulary
Describing cities, buildings, and people
listening 3
Guide commentaries
Language focus 2
Guiding language
Output task
A guided tour of Seville

Reading
Promoting Georgia through th e
Internet
Language focus 2
Superlative language
Output task
Designing a website

listening 2
Susta inable tourism
Reading
Green Earth Travel
Output task
Responsibility in the tourism ind ustry

Activity

Activity

Activity

The Guiding Game

Planning a promotional ca mpaign

Simulation - the development of
tourism in an imag inary country

Pair work / Group work B information page 175

Tapescripts page 183

Jj


1
The history and development
of tourism

I

An introduction to tourism

SECTION 1
•

•

.. It

Personal experiences

Listening 1

o

Listen to these four people talking about themselves and their experi ences
of travel and tourism .

...

...

...

...

Juan Menacho Gonzalez

Ulla Lindstrom

Anita Clayton

Paola Gallizia

is a 21·year-o ld trainee t ravel
agent fro m Seville.

is 36, comes from St ockh o lm,
and is th e Marketing
Manager of a Swedish tour
comp any.

is 18 yea rs old, comes from
Manchester, and is
unemployed .

is a 21-yea r-old fli ght
attendant w it h Alita lia. She
lives in Milan.

Find the answers to the following questi ons as quickl y as possible.

6

1 Who likes paintings?
2 Who bas been to the carni val?
3 Who is working in their first job in tourism?
4 Wbo bas a sister wbo bas worked in Turkey?
5 Wbo bas been to Japan?
6 Who works on aeroplanes?
7 Who is interested in ancient civilizations?
8 Who wants to work in anoth er co untry?

6
Name

Juan

Listen again and complete this profile chart for each person. Then add
information about yourself.
Ulla

Anita

Paola

you

Nationality
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Interests/hobbies
Countries visited
Favourite place
Plans for the future

1

Speaking

-

Tourist attractions

0

(j

Look at these pictures of well-known tourist attractions. Can you identify
them? In which of the ten countries listed below are they located?

•c

5

g

a Britain
b Ch ina

c Egypt
d France

e Greece
f Italy

g Peru
h Russia

Spa in
j USA

6

In pairs, put the tourist attractions in chronological order, with the o ldest
one first. Look at the chapter titles of a book on the history of civ ilization
on the next page, and decide which chapter you would find them in.
Compare your answers with another pair.

{)

In your new groups, discuss which of the places and works of art YOll
would like to visit. Put them in an order (1 = like most, 10 = like least).
Imagine you are travelling together and agree an order for the whole
group. Compare your views with another group.

7


., CHAPTER 1

f

f

CHAPTER 3

Ancient Greece

f

1

7

f

CHAPTER

""
"

CHAPTER

8
Imperialism and the Industrial
Revolution

CHAPTER 4

Ancient Rome

f

CHAPTER

The Enlightenment and the
French Revolution

Chinese Civilization

f

6

The Middle Ages - Renaissance
and Reformation

Ancient Civilizations - Egyptian,
Minoan, and Assyrian
., CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER

9

The Early Twentieth Century
C HAPTERS

Byzantium and Islam - the Holy
Roman Empire and Christianity

f

CHAPTER 10

The Post-war World
Talking about likes and dislikes

We use the simple past tense

Laokatthese sentences. Which ones (a) express a strong

like or dislike, and (b) express a mild like or dislike?

a to talk about completed actions in the past

I love helping people to decide which places to visit.
I'm very interested in ancient civilizations.
I like travelling.
I'm not very fond off/ying.
I can't stand airline food.
I don't mind it mostofthe time.
Ilove art galleries.

b for actions in t he past in a period which is finished

Can you think of any other phrases for expressing likes
and dislikes?

Talking about past experiences
Lookat these examples of the simple past and the
present perfect tenses which Juan uses totalk about his
life and experiences.

I finished my studies at the School of Tourism in Spain
last year.
I've just started my first job in a travel agency.
I've been to most parts of Europe.
I went there last year and had a wonderful time.
Isaw the Pyramids, the Sphinx, and the Valley of the Kings.
Remember that w e use the present perfect ten se
a to talk about the past and th e present togeth er, often

where there is a present result of a past action

I'vejust applied for a job as a tourrep.
b for a state which has continued up to the present

I haven't travelled a lot.
c for action s in a period oftime up to the present
I've been to most parts of Europe.

I went there last year and had a wonderful time.
I went to Paris when I was a little girl.

2 Look atthetapescript on page 183 and find similar
examples in the other profiles. Match each sentence
with one of the uses outlined in exercise 1.

3 Which ofthese time expressions are used with th e
present perfect, and which are used with the simple
past? Which can be used with both tenses?
last year
just
for eight years
when I was younger
recently

ever
severa l hours ago
already
since 1997
yesterday

Practice
1 Expand these notes into sentences using the correct

tense.
a I/never/travellabroad/before.
b you/ever/eat/snails?!you/like/them?
c she/visitlBarcelona/lastyear.
d he/be/in India/since January.
e I/go/to the USA first/then/iltravel/to Mexico.
f Oh no! We/arrive/too late. The art gallery/just/close.

2 Using the notes you made about yourself in the profile
chart on page 7, and th e information in language
focus 1, write a profile of yourself.


Contractions and linking
1 Look at these two pairs of sente nces. What is the
difference in pronunciation?
a I've visited a lot of different places.
Ivisited a lot of different places.
b She's spe ntthe last three summers in Turkey.
She spentthe last three summers in Turkey.

Output task

2 In the sentence I've always loved travelling, the lv/ sound
on the contraction I've moves to the front of alwaysthe re is no pause or boundary between the sounds
(1 - valways ... ). Say these sentences. What happens to

the underlined sounds?
a I'm ve0'lnterested in ancient civilizations.
b Have you ever eaten snails?
c I've on ly been to Venice in the winter.

Class survey and profiles
You are going to produce a profile fo rm for a no ther member of the class.
The form will conta in the following information.

1

Personal information
Name
Nationality
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Interests/hobbies
~

Hometown
Name
Location
Sights/places of interest
Hotels/accommodation
Restaurants
Night-life/entertainment
Other information
Travel/holiday experiences (include favo urite countries/places)

Ambitions/career plans

Level of English/hopes for the course

o
6

In gro ups, prepare the questions you will need to ask in ord er to get this
information.
Work with someone from another group and ask your questions. Take
notes, and then write a profile for that person. For furth er practice,
interview other people o utside yo ur class.

9


Developments in tourism

SECTION 2

• •

•

1t . . . . . . . . . . . . "''0111 • • • •

Vocabulary

tr • • • ,..

".,v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

The language of tourism

o

Complete this word pu zzle usin g the cl ues below. All th e words are related
to travel and tourism.

1

D
2
3

4

C

B

R
A
V

F
5

I

T

E

C

6

5

I I I

L
&

7

10
11

T

H

8

R

0

9

E

U

R

I

I5 I I

I

12
13

M

V

5
M

1 When you get to yo ur _ __ _ _ _ yo u'll be met by o ur
re presentative.
2 If yo u want to choose a holiday the best way to start is to read a
3 Hiring transpo rt (fo r example, a plane) fo r a special purpose.

4 Every year the vi llagers celebrate their
a processio n, and a huge m eal.

with fireworks,

5 You'll need to change your m oney in to local _ __ _ __
6 If yo u don't wa nt to eat the hotel food you could always go
_ _ __ _ _ and prepare your own meals.
7 T he environment, including the countryside, historic buildin gs, etc.,
seen as so meth ing good to be passed on to future generations.
8 Place where people regularly go for holidays.
9 Sho rt visit, often no longer than a day, returnin g to the place yo u sta rted
from.
10 A list of places to be visited o n o ne jo urney.
II I want to see everything in the city, so I've booked a _ _ _ _ _ _

tour on an open-top bus.
12 For som e co untries you need to have a _ _ _ _ _ _ before you're
allowed in.
13 Building in which collections of rare objects are exhibited.


6

Match one word from column A and one wo rd fro m column B to m ake a
typical co mbination (for exa mple, travel + agent). Give each combination
of words a definition, or use it in a sentence as in exercise I.
B

A

boarding
check-in
depa rture
guided
high
in-fiight
insurance

Note When learning new words it is
important to (a) organize them in categories.
and (b) try to givethem an English definition,
or use them in a sentence in English.

0

package
panoramic
passport
room
termina l
travel
traveller's

view

lou nge
tour

desk

cheques
entertainment
agent

policy
season
card
holiday
bui lding
control
service

Put all the items of vocabulary from exercises 1 and 2 into different
'tourism categories'. Look at the titles of the units in this book. Which units
wo uld you expect the vocabulary to appear in ?

It is also important when learning new words to remember
how they are pronounced. In English, all words of two
syllables or more have one syllable which is stressed more
than the others.
For exa mple: 000
00
tourism
travel

•

Listen to these words from exercise 1 on page 10, and mark
the stress pattern in a similar way. Say each word out loud.
destination

brochure

charter

festival

currency

self-catering

heritage

resort

excu rsion

itinera ry

sightseeing

visa

museum

Speaking

Key events in the development of tourism

o

Look at this list of important developments affecting travel and tourism.
Put them in chronological o rder. What effect d id they have on the
development of to urism?
a
b
c
d
c
f
g
h
i
j
k
I

6

the invention of television
the invention of steam engin es and railways
the inventio n of the motor ca r
the introduction of computer technology
the introd uction of holidays with pay
the invention of the jet engi ne
the building of roads (Romans)
the building of great pyramids, temples, and cathedrals
the introduction of traveller's cheques
the development of the stagecoach and horses transport system
the Second World War

an increased standard oflivin g and a rise in disposable incomes

Here are some of the poss ible effects of these key events. Match them with
the correct event. Try to think of som e m ore of your own.
- air travel became quicker and cheaper
- faster booking and reserva tions systems
- to urists didn't need to ca rry cash (therefore safer to travel)

1


{)

Reading

In groups, discuss what you think were the five most important events in
the development of tourism .

'Footprints in the sands of time'

o

a

You are going to read a magazine article about the history of tourism.
When did tourism begin ? Who were the first tourists?
Now read the article and list the key events mentioned for each of these
periods.
- ancient Greece
- the Romans

,0 -

- 19th century
- early Christianity
-17th and 18th centuries - post-World War Two

r jJ S~ JJ ,-r:J
I

cheques, the tourist industry in its
modern form wa s born . By th e end of the
19th century the middle classes had

joined the tourist cl asses, and mass
tourism was a reality.
If the 19th century saw the birth of

mass tourism, then th e post-wa r years
have witnessed itscoming of age. Soon

from many countries to watch and take
part.
Of course, if you wa nt t o travel from A
t o B, a good road is always an advantage,
and we havea lot t o thank th e Roman s
for here. Durin g th e heyd ay of the
Roman Empire th ey builtth ousa nds of
roa ds. Som e of th e first people to take
advantage of these road s were religi ous

holy sites - the wo rd 'holiday; after all,
originally comes from 'holy day'. Pilgrim s
like Geoffrey Ch aucer would t ell each
other stories to entertain themselves on
th e road. Nowadays we have the in-fli ght
movie - in m edieval times they had th e

Canterbury Tales!
Gradually, more and more people
ca ught the travel bug. At first it was the
nobility who set out in the 17th and 18th
centuries on th eir Grand Tours - an
essential part of every young gentleman's
education. At th e same tim e the upper

classes were fl ocking to spa towns like
Bath and Ch eltenham. They also enjoyed
the healthy pl easures of sea-bathing at
Brighton and other resorts.

2

I

V;;

DO IT, you do it, even the ancient
Greeks did it. Travelling for
pleasure, travelling to experience
new places and events, travelling to

relax and get away from it all- in other
words, tourism.
Ever since man first emerg ed from hi s
cave-dw elling, it seem s he felt the urge
to travel. But tourism had to wait for the
civilization of ancient Greece before it
really got moving. The Olympic Games
of 776 BC we re th e first internation al
tourist event, with peopl e travelling

travellersvi siting cath edrals, shrines, or

JJ

I

after the end o f the Second World War,
paid holidays becam e normal in Britain
and many other countries. People now
had more disp osabl e incom e t o spend
on leisure tim e, and travel and touri sm
were available to the many rath er than
th e " lite few. Holiday camps sprang up,
offering the ma sses an affordabl e
accommodati on-and-entertainment
package. Television sets we re appearing

in more and more homes, bringing the

But it wa sdevelopm ents in transport

that really opened up th e tourist

attractio ns of dist ant lands into people's
living rooms. Package ho lidays abroad
began to appear in the 1950s. But it
w asn't until the introduction ofthe first

commercial jet airliners that th e idea of

industry. First th ere were stagecoach es
and coaching inns. Then came steam,

foreign holidays really took off.
In recent decades thing s have only got

and suddenly the world was a smaller
place. Steamboa ts crossed t he Engli sh
Channel, and rail ways stret ched their
iron web s across the civilized world. No
sooner had the first railways been built
in t he 1830s than enterprising men like
Thomas Cook in Engl and began t o
expl oittheir potential by selling
organized tours.
With excursions across continental
Europ e, the buildin g of hot els and
resorts to cater for the ta stes ofthe
pJeasure-seekers, and the intrpductiori
of hotel vouchers and traveller's

better for the tourist: faster and cheaper
travel options, a wider range of suitable
accommodation, more time and money
to spend on their holidays. Tourism has
come a long way from its dist ant, humble

beginnings. So when you're next
wandering along a sun-kissed foreign
beach, sipping your cocktail, gazing at the
sunset, and trying to forg et your worldly

cares, remember - you may be treading in
t he footprints of a 19th-century
adventurer, a gentleman on hi s Grand

Tour, a pilgrim or a cru sader, or even a
Roman soldier or ,ancient Greek!

an


()

Read the article again and answer these questions.
1 What reaso ns are given for people wanting to travel?
2 Find four examples of improvements in transport.
3 What were the Canterbury Tales?
4 What did Thomas Cook do?
5 Why was the introduction ofhote! vouchers and traveller's cheques so
important?

6 Why were holiday camps so popular?
7 What technical development helped the expansion of package
holidays abroad?
8 Explain these expressions:
a travelling to relax and get away from it all
(paragraph 1)

b more alld more people caught the travel bug
(paragraph 4)
c the idea of foreign holidays really took off
(paragraph 7)

d trying to forget your worldly ca res
(paragraph 8)

Output task

Pioneers oftourism
The text on page 12 mentions one person, Thomas Cook, who was an
important influence on the development of to urism. Do yo u know any
other 'pioneers of tourism' from any of the periods described? Have you
heard of Freddie Laker or Cesar Manrique?

o

Divide into three groups. Each group is going to read abo ut one of these
three pioneers of tourism - Thomas Cook, Freddie Laker, and Cesar
Manrique.
In your groups, fill in the information for your person in this chart.

Name
Dates
Job or rol e in tourism
Achievements/events (with dates)
General contribution to development of touri sm
Any other important informati on

6

When you have made notes, get together with members of the other
groups and find out about the other pioneers of tourism. Discuss the
differen t contributions made by each of the pioneers. Who do YOll think
made the most valuable and important contribution? Why?

•


Thomas
Cook
Freddie Laker
Cesar Manrique
.............
............................................................................

or millions of people around the
world, th e name Thomas Cook means
traveller's cheques and travel agencies but who was Thomas Cook? He was the
first person to develop mass tourism. He
organized excursions and tours which
opened up the world oftravelling for

pleas ure to the middle classes. Many of
the thing s which we now take for
granted in modern tourism date back to
Thomas Cook - things like traveller's
cheques, hotel vouchers, and chartered
transport.

..............................
Thomas Cook lived in Leicester in th e
centre of England in the mid-19th
century. He o rganized hi s first lour, a
railway excursion from Leicester to
Loughborou gh, in 184 1. A totol of570
passengers joined it. The excu rsion was
so successful that Cook organ ized other

similar events. All ufthe early tOUTS L1sed
th e newly-invented railways.
Cook orga nized his first major
continental tour in 1855 but it lost
money. However, by 1862 he had
managed to negotiate cheaper rates for

crossing the English Channel. The
chea per rates were in return for <1

guarantee that he \vould bring huge
l1umbers - th e essence of mass touri sm.
l o urs to France and to Switzerland
becam e regu lar events. The Swiss in

particular quickly recognized the need
to build th e things that the touri sts
wanted - hotels and othe r facilit ies - so a
whole tourist industry began to develop.
After the opening oft-he Suez Cana l in
1869, Egypt olso became a po puloI'
destination for Cook's tours. In the ea rly
18705 he orga ni zed the first round -the world tour, lasting 222 days.
So in a little over thirty years the
foundations of modern mass tour ism
were established.

4

F

reddie laker was one of the pioneers
of modern passenger air travel. He
was born in England in 1922, and from
an early age he was involved with
aircraft. Hewas an aircraft engineer in
the Second World War and also lea rnt
to fly.

..............................
Laker's business ab ili ty appeared soon
after the war ended. In the Berlin airlift
of 1948 he was one of a number of
businessmen who bo ught and chartered
planes to take food and suppli es to th e

people of Berlin when the city was
blocbded by the Russian s.
This early entrepreneurial experience
led Freddic Lakcrto increased business
activity in the] 950s. He was onc of a
number ofb llsinessmen who help ed th e
rapid expansion of air travel, using
recent developments in aircra ft
technology. In 1955) for example, he set
up an air service carryin g passengers and
cars across the Channel between
England and France.
ft was in th e 1960s and 1970s that the
real growth in charter ai r travel
happened. as more and more people
wanted to go on package holidays. Laker
was at the fo refro nt of this. He ran
British United Airways from 1960 to
1965, and Laker Airwoys from 1966 to
1982. His main achievement was to set
up co mpani es which were independent
of the big state co rporations. and to offer
cheop fligbts for th ousa nds of peopl e.
Per baps the bes t exa mpl e of this was th e
Skytra ill passenger service to th e USA
whi ch started a price war on the
transatlantic routes from 1977 to 1982.
Freddie Laker helped to make air travel a
realistic and fairly cheap poss ibility for
many travellers and tourists.

he tribute most often paid to Cesar
Manrique is that without his efforts
tourist development on Lanzarote
would have followed the high-rise, highdensity route and the island would have
lost its identity. In the e nvironmentally
conscious 1990s Lanzarote is studied by
othe r countries who a re developing
tourism, and is used as a role model.

..............................
Manrique was born in Arrec ife in 1919
and studied art in Madrid and New
York, at a time when sl1JTeaiism was a
major influen ce. He return ed to hi s
beloved isla nd in 1968, determined to
preserve its natural beauty in the fa ce of
tourism. H is major set-piece visitor
attractio ns, Jameos del Agua, Mirador
del Rio, and Jardin de Cactus arc
masterpieces of design which are totally
in harmony with the landscape.
Th e hallmarks of any Manrique
project are the use ofloca! materials,
integratio n with nature) and a
completely peaceful atmosphere (often
helped by ethereal ' mood music' ), all
finished with a flourish of hi s own brand
of surrea l art.
Manrique was far more than just an

artist and des igner, howeve r. He was lh e
dri ving force behind the island 's whole
tour ism development philosophy. He
wa s a fiery orator and a ti reless promoter
of the island, and it is thanks to him that
alm ost all the architecture 011 Lanzarote
is in traditional styl e, and that there is
st ill a total ban on adver lising hoardings.
Cesar Manrique died in just outside his Taro de Tahiche hom e in
September 1992. His influ ence has bee n
so pervasive throughout Lanzarote that
his philosophy is sure to Jive all.


SECTION 3
..
•
•

••

.. .. .... .. . .... .. ..

.

Listening 2

Festivals
.....

. .........

..

..

.. . ... . ..
..

.. .. . .. . ..

.. . . .. . ......

....

......... .

Imnarja festival

o

You are going to listen to a tour guide describing a festival to a group of
tourists on a coach. Before you listen, discuss these questions.
1 What do yo u know about Malta? Think about: geography, location,
people, language, culture, religion, food and drink.
2 Look at the photograph. What do you th ink happens duri ng the Imnarja
festival?
3 The following words are all used in the guide's talk. How do you think
they are connected to the festival?
harvest crops torches bonfires procession banners rabbit

e
g

1

Now listen to the guide's talk. Were your predictions correct?
Listen again, and complete the gaps in these notes used by the guide to
remind her of the details of the festival.
Name of festival is I/mnarja.
Official name is Feast of 2
'Imnarja' means ::.3_ __ _ __
Opening ceremony ('Bandu') is procession of brightly-coloured
4

Main part offestival is ::.
5 _ _ _ _ _ _ on last day.
Display of vegetables, fruit, poultry, 6
Sta lls sell local cakes, pastries, and

,-7_ __

_ __

Specia l Maltese dish of 8
During races the horses are ridden
Winners receive

9

I"'o'-_ __ _ _ which

th ey display in their

II

To reserve a place on the excursion go to ,,12' --_ _ __ _

1


Describing procedures - present simple passive
Look at t hese examples from the talk about Imnarja.

the crops are laid outon display
the festival isopened by a simple ceremony
there are staffs which are set up
a lot ofMaltese wine is drunk
horse and donkey races are held
the banners are handed out

Lookat these examples from th e talk about Imnarja.

Practice
1 Match th e no uns in column A with the verbs in column B
and produce a sentence w hich describes som ething that
could happen in a festival. You w ill need to put the verb
in the correct form. For example:

Flowers are displayed.

A
flowers
speech
costumes
candles
special cakes

lanterns
money
children
decorations

I want to tell you about one of the local island festivals.
Let me start by saying that this isprobably one of the
most exciting festivals on the island.
What happens is this.
You 're probably wondering about food and drink.
Now, moving on to the cfimax of the festival.
Another interesting thing is th at th e winners take
their banners .. . .
So, as you can see, it's well worth visiting.
OK. Let's move on.
The highlighted expressions are used by t he g uide to give
her t alka structure.

Practice

B
music

Flowers are displayed at the windows ofoff the houses.

Structuring a talk

The present simple passive is often used to describe events
and procedures - the person or people doing th e action is
not as important as the event itself.

1

2 Try t o continue each sentence. For exa mple:

bake
carry
coffect
display
dress up

Output task

fight
make
play
putup
wear

Now use the expressions above, and your notes from
exercise 2 on th e previous page, to retell the information
aboutthe Imnarja festival.

Other festivals

o

Are there any festivals or traditional events in your own country which are
celebrated every year? If yo u are studying wi th students from other
co untries, you sho uld be able to find ou t about a large number of different
festiva ls. For each festival, make notes under the following head ings.
Name

Where does it take place?

When does ittake place?

What are its origins? (to do w ith religion, agricultural seasons, historical event, other)

What exactly happens during the festival?

6
16

If you don't know about any festivals, your teacher will provide some notes
on three festiva ls from different parts of the world. Prepare a short talk
about one of them . Structure it like the talk on the Imnarj a festival.


ACTIVITY

The geography of tourism

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . \II • • • •

\II . . . . . . . . "

.""." .

... .

"'./1."'."" ••• '.', •• " •• " • • " " .. _"' ..

~

Tourism is a world industry, but different parts of the world offer different
attractions for the tourist. Divide into groups. Each group will be given a
different part of the world to work with.

,Ij

NpRTAERN
EUROPE

NORTH

_, 1"..

r

)t.I AMERICA

(. If

ClifiTRA L
/ ...l.EU.~OP
~

-

MEDITERRANEAN

CENTRA L

1

AFRICA

A ND
SO UTH
AMERI CA

AUSTRALASIA

o
e

Think about the countries and cities in the area you have been given. What
tourist attractions do they offer? Can you name any particular places?
Why do tourists visit this area? Analyse your area in terms of what it offers
in the following categories:
- history

- culture and religion

- sport/leisure activities
- typical entertainments

- climate
-landscape

€) When you have made a detailed list, divide up into new groups with one
person from each of the first groups. Compare what you have found out
about the different regions of the world.
Voca bula ry
ambitious
ancient
art gallery
banners
boarding card
bonfire
brochure
carnival
century
charter
check-in desk
chronological
civilization
climate
crops

currency
departure lounge

deposit
destination
disposable
income
excursion
festival
flight attendant
guided tour
heritage
high-ri se
high season
in-flight
entertainment

insurance pol icy
itinerary
long-haul flight
museum
night-life
package holiday
panoramicview
passport control
pilgrim/ pilgrimage
pioneer
procession
pyramids
railway
resort
room service

self-caterin g
sightseeing
spa
steam
terminal building
torch
tour rep

tourist attraction
travel agent!
agency
traveller'S cheque
unemployed
visa
voucher

1)

\"' PI , ......\/"'l,

VY50. ;

v r

~

(

~Cr-- I

2(' 0 1,·$·

Spalcn.l 14. 1 10 00 Pnh.1

I


2
The organization and structure
of tourism

2

Why do people travel?
..................................
"" ... , ......................................... .

SECTION 1

Reasons for travelling

Speaking

o

Look at these pie charts showing the reasons why people visited London in
one year.

50.6

6 .0

Overseas visitors

D

o

Domestic visitors

Holiday

D euslness

Other

D

Friends and Relatives

I What are the main points shown by the charts?
2 The 'o ther' section is quite large. What do you think it could include?
3 Do YO ll think the charts would be very different for your city or country?

6

18

Think of four people - family or friends - that you know well. Make a list
of all the places they have travelled to in the past two years, and have stayed

in for at least one night. In groups of three or four, put your lists together
and make a pie chart similar to the ones above. Then compare with other
groups.


Listening 1

A passenger survey at an airport

o

Listen to this woman conducting a passenger survey at a busy airport. She
is asking people why they are travelling and other details about their
journey. As you listen, complete the chart below.

Passenger 1

Passenger2

Passenger 3

Passenger 4

Destination
Purpose of visit
Len gth of stay
Size of pa rty
Mode oftransport to airport

2

Occupation
Age

~
o

ID

6

Listen aga in and note down the different question form s the woman uses.
Organize the questions into groups according to the way each is formed .

.a..

.."o·;;r
~

."

Question forms

Yes/No questions

This is one possible way of grouping the question s the
interviewer asks. What do you notice about the word order
in the three different types of question?

Do you have a few minutes to answer some questions?

Are you travelling on business?
Is there anyone else in the party?

Questions using question words - what, where, how

Where are you going?
What is the purpose ofyour visit?
How long ore you staying in Corfu?
How did you get to the airport?

Q.

Indirect questions

I wonder ifyou'd mind answering some questions?
Could you tell me how you got to the airport?
Could you tell me where you are going?
Can I ask which of these age groups you're in?
Would you mind telling mehowoldyouare?

Intonation
1 When we ask people for information that might be
personal, we are more likely to choose an indirect
question form. Compare:

Howoldareyou?
I wonder ifyou'd mind telling me how old you are?
Which sounds more polite?
2 Intonation is very important. Listen to the different
versions of these questions and decide which is more

polite.

a Could you tell me where you're going?
b Would you mind filling in this form?

c Could you tell me how old you are?
d Could you possibly turn the radio down?
Note the intonatio n pattern in the polite form.

Could you tell me where you're going?
When you respond to a polite question or requ est your
intonation should start high and the tone should fall:

"~
~

C
n
~
C

nl
o
o
c

~

~

;;;.

3

~
Could you tell m e where you're going?

~

~

Of course. I'm flying to Brussels.

Practice
1 Convert these direct questions into indirect questions.
a
b
c
d
e

What's the time?
When is th e next flight to Am sterdam?
Isthis yoursuitcase?
When does the flight from Istanbul arrive?
How many tim es a year do you fly?
f Have you got any seats on t he ten o'clock flight?
g Is th ere a phone near here?
h Why are th ere no trains on Sundays?
2 Now take t urns to ask your partner each indirect

question. Try to ensure that your intonation is polite.
Your partner should only reply ifthe question is asked
politely.

19


Output task

Class passenger survey

2
E
on

."

"
B
o

l!!
1::

"
..,"
."
..,"o
~

~

on

~

'."

2'

.,o

~

o

Choose o ne of the pictures and imagine you are that person. Don't tell
anyone which picture you have chosen. You are at the airport, about to
travel somewhere.
Co mplete the chart below.

Destination

Purpose of visit
Length of stay
Size of party
Mode oftransportto th e airport
Occupation
Age

6
20

Now go round the class and conduct a survey to find out the same
information about other 'travellers'. Try to guess which of the pictures each
person chose.


Statistical information about travel and tourism

SECTION 2

,

Reading

','

~

.

Displaying statistical information

o

These three graphs and charts give different statistical information related
to tourism and travel. Which one is (a) a pie chart, (b) a block graph, and
(c) a line graph?
400

_

International Arrivals
A

200

International Expenditure

~

150 ~

2
3

95

--

,-

90

8 5_~

,-

80

5_
0

2

Hired

,

Conch tour

5

3%

60

-

-

5
0

5
40

AMJJ
ASO

A~er:J.ge dally rn.'Uimum temp "F

Private car
69%

,

.
d

9 II 13 13 12 11 9
5676653
A~erage dally hours of sunsMne

CJ Cypru s 0

london

Decide what is the most important fact shown in each graph o r chart. Why
is the information presented in these different ways? What other ways of
displaying statistical information can you think of?

f)

Now answer these questions.
1 What was the total international expenditure on tourism in 1985?
2 Which decade saw the biggest increase in international arrivals?
3 What is the most popular form of transport used by tourists in Britain?
4 Which is the hottest month in Cyprus?
5 In which mo nth is there the greatest difference between the temperature

in Cyprus and the temperature in the London?

9

What do you think?
1 Why did the 1970s see so many international arrivals?
2 Why does air transport only account for 1% of tourist transport in
Britain?
3 Do you think the chart showing tourist transport wo uld be very
different for your country?

21


Describing graphs and statistics
1 Describe the graphs and charts in the previous section.
Use t he words and expressions from the list to complete
the sentences.
went up gradua lly
levels off
more than doub le
rose dramatica ll y
a gradual increase

2

a small percentage of
from ... to ...
a fairly sharp fall
the most popu la r

the vast majority of

a There was __ in international a rrivals between 1950
and 1960 __ 25.3 m __ 69.3m.

b International expend iture on tourism __ from 1950 to
1970 and then __ from 1970 to 1980.
c __ tourists in Britain travel by car.
d __ tourists in Brita in travel by coach.
e __ mode of transport in Britain is by private car.
f There is __ in t he temperature in Cyprus in October.
g The temperature in Cyprus __ in July and August at 95
degrees.
h The number of hours of sunshine in Cyprus in July is
__ that in London.
2 Make some more sentences of your own.

E

'"

.;:

g"

A statistical report

Output task

o

'0
GI
~

Here is some information' abo ut tourism in Britiain. At the moment it is in
the form of a series of tables. With a partner, decide which type of graph or
chart would be approp ria te as a mo re visual way of presenting the
inform a tio n. T h en draw the graphs and charts.

"
"
...,1;;
t:
~

.
..,
.
·c
.f'
c
c

Top ten attractions in London

N

British Museum

5.Sm visitors

National Ga llery

3.Sm

GI

Madame Tussaud's

2.4m

Visits

f3.

Tower of London

2.3m

St Paul's Cathed ral

o

o

Recent trends in tourism
Visitors to London
1992

1994

1996 (millions)

domestic

7.0

7.5

8.0

1.9m

overseas

10.0

7.5

8.0

Tate Galle ry

1.Sm

a ll

17.0

18.2

19.5

Natural History Museu m

1.7m

Chessington World of Adventure

l .5m

Nights

Science Museum

1.3m

domestic

19.4

19.0

18.5

Victoria and Albert Museum

1.1m

overseas

68.7

74.0

80.0

all

88.1

93.0

98.0

Tourist spending breakdown
Accommodation

f6,520 m

. ........... . .. . ....................................
~

Eating out

f4,38Sm

Expenditure (f)

Shopping

£3,576m

domestic

640

900

1,325

Travel within the UK

f2,564m

overseas

4,150

4,825

5,700

Entertainment

f l ,OOSm

all

4,790

5,725

7,025

f497m

Services, etc.
Total

£18,553m

E)
22

W r ite a brief repo rt to acco mpany each of your graph s or charts. The
report sh o uld include all the important informatio n. Use phrases from
Language focus 2. Present one of your graph s or ch a rts to the class.


Working in tourism

SECTION 3
. . . . . . ,. . . . ¥o . . . . . . '" . . . . . . 'It ~ <\I ..
•

fI I.> •

'" \II 0 ~ "" ... ,. . . .

Reading

I( ~ . . . 01 V

I' • • •

e....

6 .,. G

't;

It . . . . "

"

. . . . . '" .... VI ... ., "

.. W 0. •

"

N "

•

~ II '" 0,\ ~ . . .

The structure of the tourism industry

o

Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 What are the different sectors of the tourism industry? Make a list.
2 Is tourism an 'industry'?
3 In what ways is tourism a 'product'?
4 How is this 'product' d istributed to the consumer?

a

This diagram from ]. Christopher Holloway's The Business ofTourisl1'l
shows the structure of the tourism industry. Fill in the gaps with words and
phrases from the list.

Private Sector

Producers

Support Services
.......

UIJ

Gulding services

,J

Public Sector

Support Services

National tourist
org anizations

•
•

Man-made
attractions

Air transport

Hotels/motels

Ancient monuments

Travel trade press
Marketing support
services
Guide and
timetable

publication s
Private po rts/port

2

Resort publicity
offices

Sea transport

Guest houses

Activity ce ntres

d

Chalets, villas

9

Road tran sport
(coach, car hire)

Apartm ents

Catering faci lities

Public port/port

"

services

services

Public education
and training

estab li shm ents

Holiday ce ntres

b

Tour operators

and brokers
Travel agents
The tourist

accommodation

theme parks

camping and caravan sites

travel insurance and finan ce services

carriers

visa and passport offices
private education and training
establishments

rail transport
regiona I tourist organizations
stately homes

How many of the sectors did you have on your list from exercise I?

€) Think of a real example of each of the sectors in the place yo u are studying,
or for your own co untry. For example, for a ir transport, write down the
name of an airport and an airline. When you have finished, choose a
different country.

2;


Vocabulary

Jobs in tourism

o

Look at this list of jobs related to tourism, and decide which sector of the
tourism industry they belong to. Use the diagram from the previous
section to help you.
a
b
c
d
e

a
2

{)

baggage handler
curator
warden
guard
marketing consultant

f purser
g air traffic controller
h entertainments officer
1 concierge
j tour manager

Now make a list for each of the other sectors. Compare yourlists with those
made by other students.
Who would carry out the activities below?
a direct a plane at take-off and landing
b keep the ship's accounts and look after passengers' rooms and general
comfort
c deal with people arriving at a hotel
d give information and make arrangements at a hotel concerning local
attractions and events
e look after a museum
f fly a plane
g look after the passengers on a plane
h take suitcases and bags on and off planes
help hotel guests with their suitcases and bags
J give advice on how to promote a region or sector of tourism
k check suitcases and bags for illegal items on arrival in a country
I help arrange concerts, dances, and other social events on board a ship
m look after a game park

n be in charge of arrangements for a group of tourists travelling together
o clean the rooms in a hotel
p look after the passengers on a train

E

.;:
'"
::J

g
'0
~

::J
u
::J

~

~

1;;

"..cc
o

+:

I!l

'"o2'
III

..

t::

Listening 2

Identifying jobs and situations

o

Listen to these extracts from five conversations. For each one, decide who is
talking to whom, and where the conversation takes place.
Conversation 1
Conversation 2
Conversation 3
Conversation 4
Conversation 5

a

24

What qualities and qualifications are needed for each of the five jobs?
Which of the five would you expect to need these qualifications, personal
qualities, and experience?
- keyboard/computer skills

- a university degree
- the ability to swim

- the ability to speak three languages
- an attractive and pleasant personality
- experience of dealing with the public


Output task

Producing a CV

o

When you apply for a job it is usual to include a curriculum vitae, or CV
(US resume). This is a list of yo ur personal details, edu cational history,
qualifications, experien ce, and interests - in other words, the story of your
life from a professional point of view.
H ere are som e h eadings that might appear on a typical Cv.
Name
Personal statement
(a brief summary of your status)
Pe rsonal details
(address, date of birth, nationality, etc.)
Education
(including dates, places, and examinations)

2

Professional qualifications

(including dates and places)
Work experience
Languages
Interests and hobbies
Referees
Match each of the h eadings with the jumbled up sections of this CV. What
job do you think this p erson might b e applying for?
a

e
Argentinian

b

Spanish (mother tongue)
English (advanced {even
Portuguese (intermediate leven

An enthusiastic and hard-worki ng hotel
management graduate looking for a
challenging junior management position in a
top-class hotel.

f
Film and music (playing the g uitar)

c
1993-94
Higher Institute of Tourism, 'Pe rito Moreno:
Graduated in Hotel Management.

1995- 96
Diploma in Protocol and Ceremonial,
Association of Hotels in Buenos Aires, including
training at the Plaza Marriott, Buenos Aires.

g
10April1974
h
12 Selbou rne !:louse,
Canterbury Street,
London SE1

Leonel Jorge Garda

d
July 1997-December 1997
Conte Hotel (five-star), Buenos Aires.
Started as bell-boy, trained as telephone
operator and worked on switchboard; final
position, reception assistant on front desk.

Manage r, Plaza Marriott, Bue nos Aires
Personnel Manager, Conte Hotel, Buenos Aires

25