bài tập multiple choice

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1
The early railway in Britain
In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years, this (0)…….
had grown to more than 5,000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail track to (1) the
world covered this small island, (2) the nature of travel for ever and contributing to the industrial
revolution that changed the (3) of history in many parts of the world.
Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (4) In a single day, rail
passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (5) previous journey times by huge margins and bringing
rapid travel within the (6) of ordinary people. Previously, many people had never ventured (7)…….
the outskirts of their towns and villages. The railway brought them (8) freedom and enlightenment.
In the19th century, the railway in Britain (9)…… something more than just the business
of carrying goods and passengers. Trains were associated with romance, adventure and,
frequently,(10)…… luxury. The great steam locomotives that thundered across the land were the jet
airliners of their (11) , carrying passengers in comfort over vast distances in unimaginably short
times. But the railways (12) more than revolutionise travel; they also (13)……. a distinctive
and permanent mark on the British landscape. Whole towns and industrial centres (14)……. up
around major rail junctions, monumental bridges and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the
railway stations themselves became (15)……. places to spend time between journeys.
0 A amount B figure C sum D quantity
1 A revolve B enclose C encircle D orbit
2 A altering B amending C adapting D adjusting
3 A route B way C line D course
4 A pursued B followed C succeeded D chased
5 A cancelling B subtracting C cutting D abolishing
6 A reach B capacity C facility D hold
7 A further B over C beyond D above
8 A larger B higher C bigger D greater
9 A served B functioned C represented D performed
10 A considerable B generous C plentiful D sizeable
11 A date B stage C day D phase

12 A caused B did C produced D turned
13 A laid B set C settled D left
14 A jumped B stood C burst D sprang
15 A preferable B liked C desirable D wanted
2
Driving from Beijing to Paris
Every (0) begins with a single step.' We might (1) this proverb for the 16,000 km Beijing
to Paris car rally, and say that every rally begins with a (2) of the wheel. From China, several
hundred courageous men and women will (3) out for Paris in pursuit of what, for many, is
likely to prove an impossible (4) .Everybody is prepared for the worst and expects a high
drop-out (5) , especially on the rally's difficult first (6) across central China and over the
high mountain (7) of the Himalayas .`If twenty-five cars (8) it to Paris, we'll be doing well,'
says Philip Young, the rally organiser.
Now planned as an annual event, the first Beijing-Paris car rally took place in 1907. It was won
by Prince Borghese, an Italian adventurer, who crossed the (9) line just a few metres (10)
of the only other car to complete the race. Nowadays, not many people know about Prince
Borghese, but at the time his achievement was (11) as comparable to that of Marco Polo,
who travelled from Venice to China in the thirteenth century. According to the (12) , all the
cars in the rally must be more than thirty years old, which means that the (13) roads and high
altitude are a (14) test of both the cars and the drivers. A sense of adventure is essential.
One driver said,`Our (15) is to have a good time, enjoy the experience and the magnificent
scenery - and the adventure of a lifetime.'
0 A journey B travel C route D way
1 A adapt B moderate C improve D form
2 A revolution B circle C rotation D turn
3 A head B move C set D try
4 A vision B fantasy C hope D dream
5 A rate B number C speed D frequency
6 A period B stage C time D round
7 A crossings B passes C directions D passages

8 A get B take C have D make
9 A closing B final C ending D finishing
10 A forward B ahead C front D advance
11A thought B referred C regarded D noted
12A orders B rules C laws D customs
13 A crude B undeveloped C broken D rough
14 A firm B strict C severe D grave
15 A aim B target C proposal D intent

3

Smart shoes
Smart shoes that (0) their size throughout the day could soon be available. A prototype of such a shoe has
already been produced and a commercial (1) may be in production within a few years. The shoe contains sensors
that constantly (2) he amount of (3) left in it. If the foot has become too large, a tiny valve opens and the shoe
(4)…slightly. The entire control system is about 5mm square and is (5) inside the shoe. This radical shoe (6) a
need because the volume of the (7) foot can change by as much as 8% during the course of the day. The system
is
able to learn about the wearer's feet and (8) up a picture of the size of his or her feet throughout the day. It will
allow the shoes to change in size by up to 8% so that they always fit (9) .They are obviously more comfortable
and less likely to (10)…blisters. From an athlete's point of view, they can help improve (11) a little, and that is
why the first (12)… for the system is likely to be in a sports shoe. Eventually, this system will find a (13)… in
other household items, from beds that automatically change to fit the person sleeping in them, to power tools that

(14) …
themselves to the user's hand for better grip. There is no reason why the system couldn't be
adapted for use in hundreds of consumer (15)
0 A adjust B fit
C reform D
move

1 A
assortment B
version C
style D variety
2 A
prove B
confirm
C inspect
D check
3 A
room B
gap
C area D emptiness
4 A amplifies
B develops
C
expands
D increases
5 A
located B sited
C
established
D laid
6 A
detects B
finds C
meets
D faces
7 A average
B general

C usual D medium
8 A build
B pick
C grow
D set
9 A exactly
B
absolutely C completely D totally
10 A provoke B
form
C initiate D cause
11 A achievement
B performance
C success D winning
12 A purpose
B exercise
C use
D operation
13 A function B
part
C way
D place
14 A shape B
change
C respond
D convert
15 A commodities
B
possessions C goods D objects
4

We really can tell if we are being watched
Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been going
around for years. However, few (0)…. have been made to investigate the phenomenon
scientifically. Now, with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-called staring
eect, there is impressive evidence that this is a recognisable and (1) sixth sense. The
study
(2)
hundreds of children. For the experiments, they sat with their eyes (3)
so
they could not
see, and with their backs to other children, who were told to either stare at them or look away. Time
and time again the results

showed that the

children who could not

see were able to (4) when
they were being stared at. In a (5) of more than 18,000
trials
(6)…… worldwide, the children
(7)……. sensed when they were being watched almost 70% of the time. The experiment was
repeated with the (8) precaution of putting the children who were being watched outside the
room, (9)… from the starers by the windows. This was done just in case there was some
(10) going on with the children telling each other whether they were looking or not. This
(11) the possibility of sounds being (12)
between the children. The

results, though less

impressive, were more or less the same. Dr Sheldrake, the biologist who designed the study,
believes that the results are
(13)….enough to find out through further experiments (14)…
how
the staring effect might actually (15)
0 A
tries
B tests
C attempts D aims
1 A
genuine B
accepted
C received
D sure
2 A
involved B
contained C comprised
D enclosed
3 A
shaded B
wrapped
C masked
D covered
4 A find B notice C tell D reveal
5 A sum
B
collection
C mass D total
6 A
worked over B

worked through C carried on D carried out
7 A correctly
B
exactly
C thoroughly D perfectly
8 A
attached B
added
C connected D increased
9 A
separated B
parted
C split
D divided
10 A pretending
B lying
C cheating
D deceiving
11 A prevented
B
omitted
C evaded D ended
12 A
delivered B
transported
C transmitted
D distributed
13 A satisfying
B
convincing

C concluding D persuading
14 A really
B
carefully
C definitely D precisely
15 A
come about B
be looked at
C set out D be held up

5


PAPER
Just (0)….a day without paper,' reads one advertisement for a Finnish paper company. It adds,
`You almost (1) see our products every day.' And they're right. But in most industrial countries,
people are a]so (2) to paper - whether it's for holding their groceries, for drying their hands or
for
(3) them with the daily news - that its (4) in their dailylives passes largely unnoticed. At
one
(5)….paper was in short supply and was used mainly for important documents, but more recently,
growing economies and new technologies have (6) a dramatic increase in the (7) of paper used.
Today, there are more than 450 different grades of paper, all designed for a different (8)
Decades ago, some people predicted a `paperless office'. (9) , the widespread use of new
technologies has gone hand-in-hand with an increased use of paper. Research into the relationship
between paper use and the use of computers has shown that the general (10) is likely to be one
of growth and interdependence.
However, the costs (11) in paper production, in terms of the world's land, water and air
resources, are high. This (12) some important questions. How much paper do we really need
and how much is wasted?

0 A believe B imagine C realise D suppose
1 A positively B obviously C certainly D absolutely
2 Aconscious B acquainted C familiar D accustomed
3 A providing B delivering C contributing D giving
4 A task B operation C service D role
5 A time B instance C date D occasion
6 A called on B come around C brought about D drawn up
7 A total B portion C number D amount
8 A point B goal C purpose D result
9 A Instead B Besides C Otherwise D Alternatively
10 A method B order C trend D system
11 A involved B contained C held D connected
12 A puts B raises C gets D places

6

THE MUSTARD SHOP
Norwich, a city in the east of England, is a (0) shopping centre for thousands of people. In
particular, visitors love to (1)
the small, unusual shops hidden away in Norwich's narrow streets.
The
Mustard
Shop is usually high on everybody's (2)
. of interesting shops to see.
The (3)
between mustard, a type of sauce, and Norwich (4)
back to the nineteenth century.
Jeremiah Colman began to make mustard in 1814 in a nearby village. The yellow fields, full of
ustard flowers whose seeds were required for Colman's factory, soon changed the appearance
of the

local (5)
The company (6)
rapidly and in 1854 it moved to a suburb on the (7)
. of
Norwich. By
this time, Colman's mustard was famous in many countries. The company is still in
(8)
and many
people continue to enjoy eating mustard with meat, cheese and other food.
In 1973, the company opened The Mustard Shop. It is a careful reproduction of a typical mustard
shop of a hundred years ago and sells a wide (9)
. of mustards. Upstairs there is a small museum
where visitors can (10)
a collection of old Colman's posters and an exhibition (11)
. the history
of
mustard.
It is a shop not to be (12)
when visiting Norwich.
0 A known B common C popular D normal
1 A explore B enquire C research D analyse
2 A account B brochure C list D guide
3 A joinn B tie C union D link
4 A comes Bgoes C belongs D leads
5 A view B scenery C background D nature
6 A expanded B enlarged C increased D strengthened
7 A limits B frontiers C sides D outskirts
8 A reality B fact C existence D force
9 A amount B extent C range D set
10 A review B watch C examine D remark

11 A explaining B announcing C expressing D discovering
12 A unnoticed B missed C escaped D left
7

THE PERFORMING ARTS
In the past, British children were frequently encouraged to try out their performing skills for the
(0)
.
of adults. They did this by reading aloud, acting or (1) a musical instrument. As they
(2)
. up they
were taken to public places of entertainment - the theatre, opera, circus or ballet.
They looked forward
to
these (3)
with great (4)
and would remember and discuss what they
had seen for many weeks
afterwards. But nowadays television and computers (5)
. an endless
stream of easily (6)
.
entertainment,
and children quickly accept these marvellous (7)
as a very ordinary part of their everyday lives. For
many children, the sense of witnessing a very (8) live performance is gone forever.
But all is not lost. The (9)
. of a TV set may have encouraged a very lazy response from (10)
. in
their own

homes, but the (11)
. of those with ambitions to become performing artists themselves
does not seem to
have been at all diminished. And live performances in public are still relatively
(12)
., albeit with an
older, more specialist audience.
0 A advantage B benefit C profit D gain
1 A controlling
B handling C doing D playing
2 A developed
B grew C advanced D brought
3 A circumstances
B occasions C incidents D situations
4 A sensation
B action C thrill D excitement
5 A supply
B send C stock D store
6 A applicable
B convenient C available D free
7 A designs
B inventions C exhibits D appearances
8 A special
B peculiar C specific D particular
9 A attendance
B presence C being D company
10 A spectators
B onlookers C viewers D listeners
11 A want
B appeal C pressure D desire

12 A famous
B favourite C popular D approved
8
SHOPPING MALLS
Victor Gruen, an American architect, revolutionised shopping in the 1950s by creating
the type of shopping centre that we now (0) a shopping mall.
Gruen's (1) was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with
large car parks, which usually (2) . building in the suburbs. He also wanted people to be
able to shop in all kinds of weather. He (3) on using building designs that he knew
people
would feel (4) with, but placed them in landscaped `streets' that were entirely enclosed and
often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to (5) some of the older shopping
arcades of city centres, but while these housed only small speciality shops, Gruen's shopping
malls were on a much grander (6)
Access to the whole shopping mall was gained by using the main doors, which (7)
the shopping `streets' from the parking (8) outside. As there was no need to (9)…out bad
weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors, and people could wander (10) from
shop to shop. In many cities, shopping malls now (11) much more than just shops;
cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also (12) in popularity.
0 A consider B know C call D label
1 A direction B aim C search D view
2 A resulted B sought C intended D meant
3 A insisted B demanded C requested D emphasised
4 A favourable B agreeable C comfortable D enviable
5 A model B imitate C repeat D shadow
6 A measure B height C size D scale
7 A disconnected B withdrew C separated D parted
8 A strips B lines C areas D plots
9 A hold B get C stay D keep
10 A freely B loosely C simply D entirely

11 A contain B concern C consist D compose
12 A becoming B growing C raising D advancing

9
TALKING RUBBISH
Reduce! Re-use! Recycle!The message hits Canadian (0)……… through all the media.
As newcomers from Sri Lanka, we compare the situation here with the one back home. We
may not be the most environmentally (1) …citizens in the world but, compared with this,
we do not have a rubbish problem - yet.
Like many shoppers in Colombo, my partner Shahid and I used to have a cane basket we (2)…
with us to the Sunday market or pola every week. No environmentalist could have (3) …about it.
You need a good strong basket at the po/a. There are no supermarket (4)… to push around. Most
Items - rice, flour, vegetables, fruit, biscuits, eggs - are bought (5)or wrapped in newspaper. At
(6) …we would carry one plastic bag separately. For eggs we took a reusable plastic tray with us.
When income (7)…are low, people need to buy in small quantities. It is quite normal to ask for a
(8)… envelope, two eggs or 100 grams of sugar. The (9)… is that, for the most part, urban
consumers in Sri Lanka cannot afford the luxury of waste. Most people do not buy more from the
grocers than they know they will actually consume.They re-use whatever they can and are loath
to
discard bags, jars, tins or boxes that can be (10) to other uses.
But in recent years Western-style supermarkets have begun to spring up in Colombo. They
hold out the (11)…of a clean, efficient, streamlined service to customers. A (12)… of imported
goods, dressed up in their layers of attractive, colourful (13)… beckons from the shelves. These
are the
(14)…products that demand your attention on the TV advertisements. (15)… ,with them, Sri
Lanka, like so many otherdeveloping countries, may have imported a problem that once never
existed.
0. A. customers B. consumers C. clients D. buyers
1.A. qualified B. concerned C. worried D. experienced
2.A. took over B. took away C. took along D. took up

3.A. complained B. criticised C. disapproved D. accused
4.A. wheel barrows B. wagons C. trolleys D. carriages
5.A. free B. in pieces C. bit by bit D. loose
6.A. maximum B. most C highest D. best
7.A. rates B. amounts C. sizes D. levels
8.A. simple B. singular C. single D. sole
9.A. point B. case C. example D. question
10.A. made B. set C. given D. put
11.A. promise B. advantage C. evidence D. sight
12.A. set B. range C. store D. band
13.A. packets B. packs C. packaging D. padding
14.A. very B. just C. similar D. likely
15.A. In addition B. As well C Among D. Along
10

THOMAS EDISON
On the night of 21 October 1931, millions of Americans (0) part in a coast-to-coast
ceremony
to commemorate the passing of a great man. Lights (1) in homes and offices from New
York to California. The ceremony (2) the death of arguably the most important inventor of (3)
time:Thomas Alva Edison.
Few inventors have (4) such an impact on everyday life, and many of his inventions played a
crucial(5) in the development of modern technology. One should never (6)…how
revolutionary
some of Edison's inventions were.
In many ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor - that is, not just someone who
(7) up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives of millions. He
possessedthe key characteristics that an inventor needs to (8)…… a success of inventions,
notably sheer determination. Edison famously tried thousands of materials while working
on a new type of battery, reacting to failure by cheerfully (9) to his colleagues: 'Well,

(10) we know 8,000 things that don't work.' Knowing when to take no (11) of experts
is also important. Edison's proposal for electric lighting circuitry was (12) with total
disbelief by eminent scientists, until he lit up whole streets with his lights.
0 A joined B held C were D. took
1 A.turned out B.came off C.went out D.put off
2 A.marked B.distinguished C.noted D.indicated
3 A.whole B.full C.entire D.all
.4 A.put B.had C.served D.set
5 A.effect B.place C.role D.share
6 A.underestimate B.lower C.decrease D.mislead
7 A.creates B.shapes C.dreams D.forms
8 A.gain B.make C.achieve D.get
9 A.announcing B.informing C.instructing D.notifying
10 A.by far B.at least C.even though D.for all
11 Anotice B.regard C.attention D.view
12 Agathered B.caught C.drawn D.received
11
Under the city streets
While skyscraper offices and elegant apartment blocks remain the public (0)
of most major
cities, these cities also have a mass of secret tunnels and hidden pipes below ground which keep
everything working.This other world exists, forgotten or neglected by all but a tiny (1)
of
engineers
and historians
For example, there are more than 150 kilometres of rivers under the streets of London. Most have
been
(2) over and, sadly, all that (3)
is their names. Perhaps the greatest (4) to the city is
the River

Fleet, a (5)
great river which previously had beautiful houses on its (6)
. It now goes
underground in
the north of the city and (7)
into the River Thames by Blackfriars Bridge.
The London Underground (8) 1,000 kilometres of underground railway track winding under the
capital

and more than 100 stations below street level. Along some underground railway lines,
commuters can
sometimes catch a (9) glimpse of the platforms of more than 40 closed stations which have been left
under the city. (10) some are used as film sets, most (11) forgotten.
Some have had their
entrances
on the street turned into restaurants and shops, but most entrances
have been (12)
down.
0 A . face B outline C surface D top
1 A.number Bamount Ctotal D.few
2 A.covered B.protected C.hidden D.sheltered
3 A.stays B.stops C.remains D.keeps
4 A.miss B.absence C.waste D.loss
5 A.once B.past C.then D prior
6 A.borders B.coasts C.banks D.rims
7 A.gets B.flows C.leaks D.lets
8 A.holds B.contains C.has D.consists
9 A.rapid B.brief C.fast D.sharp
10 A.Despite B.Unless C.Although D.Since
11 A.lie B.last C.ive D.lay

12 A.pulled B.broken C.brought D.cut


12
A good start to a holiday
I had never been to Denmark before, and when I set out to (0) the ferry in early May, I little (1) that by
the
end of the trip I'd have made such lasting friendships.
I wanted to (2) my time well, so I had planned a route which would (3) several small islands and
various
parts of the countryside. I arrived at Esbjerg, a (4) port for a cyclist's arrival, where tourist information can
be
obtained and money changed. A cycle track (5) out of town and own to Ribe, where I spent my first night.
In my (6) , a person travelling alone sometimes meets with unexpected hospitality, and this trip was no
(7) .In Ribe, I got into conversation with a cheerful man who turned (8) to be the local baker. He insisted
that I should (9) his family for lunch, and, while we were eating, he contacted his daughter in Odense.
Within minutes, he had (10) for me to visit her and her family. Then I was(11) on my way with a fresh
loaf
of bread to keep me (12) and the feeling that this would turn out to be a wonderful holiday.
0 A catch B. pick C. find D. gain
1 A.wondered B.suspected C.doubted D judged
2 A.take B.serve C. exercise D. use
3 A.Include B.contain C. enclose D. consist
4 A.capable B.ready C favourable D convenient
5 A.leads B.rides C. moves D. connects
6 A.experience B.knowledge C. observation D. information
7 A.difference B.change C. exception D. contrast
8 A.up B.out C. in D. over
9 A.greet B.see C. join D. approach
10 A.arranged B.fixed C. settled D. ordered

11 A.passed B.sent C. begun D. put
12 A.doing B.making C. being D .going
13
Mountain climbing

One of the most difficult but (0)
of pastimes is mountain climbing. The modern climber must
(1)
many different skills. Rock climbing (2)
a combination of gymnastic ability, imagination
and
observation, but perhaps the most necessary skill is being able to (3)
out how much weight a
particular
rock will (4) Mountaineers climb in groups of three or four, each climber at a
distance of
approximately six metres from the next. Usually one person climbs while the other
climbers (5)
.hold of the rope. The most experienced climber goes first and (6)
the other
climbers which way to
go, making the rope secure so that it is (7)
for the others to follow.
With much mountain climbing, snow skills (8)
a very important part. Ice axes are used for
9)
steps
into the snow and for testing the ground. Climbers always tie themselves together so that, if
the
leader

falls, he or she can be held by the others and (10) back to safety. The number of
dangers (11)
by
climbers is almost endless. And the (12)
. of oxygen at high altitudes makeslife even more difficult
for
mountaineers.
0 A. priceless B.rewarding C precious D. prized
1 A.own B.hold C.control D.possess
2 A.requires B.insists C.calls D.orders
3 A.work B.try C.stand Dset
4 A.supply B.provide C.support D.offer
5 A.keep B.stay C.continue D.maintain
6 A.indicates B.signals C.points D.shows
7 A.safe B.sure C.dependable D.reliable
8 A.act B.do C.play D.make
9A.cutting B.tearing C.breaking D.splitting
10 A.given B.pulled C.put D.sent
11 A.marked B. touched C.felt D.faced
12 A.need B.gap C.lack D.demand
14
FRIDAY THE THIRTEENTH
Police are hunting for a hit-and-run driver who knocked a teenage cyclist
off her bike in East
Street. Sarah Tucker, 17, had a lucky (0)
on Friday,
13th May, when she was sent reeling by a
black Volvo on her way home
from work.
She bruised her thigh and shoulder and her bicycle was (1) The

driver stopped for a moment
but then drove off without (2)
a name or address and before Sarah could get his number. "I tried
to
(3) out of
his way, but I couldn't," she said. "Everyone at work kept (4) on about
it being Friday
13th. I'm not a bit (5)…
and wouldn't change any of my
plans just because Friday 13th is supposed
to
be unlucky, I don't usually
take any (6) of that sort of thing but I will now. I think I'll stay in bed."
The accident(7)….at the (8)…with Westwood Road at about 6.30pm as Sarah was making her (9)
home to the Harley Estate. The Volvo (10) out of Westwood Road onto Henley Road in front of the
teenager's bicycle. "He could at (11) have helped her up. I don't see why he should get away with it," said
her
father, Derek. "Sarah was lucky. I don't know why the driver didn't see her. He can't have been (12)
….attention.
It is (13)…that nobody took down the number." Though still too (14)…. to ride a bike, Sarah was able to go

back to (15) in Marlow on Monday.
0 A break B escape C escapade D incident
1 A crashed B harmed C devastated D damaged
2 A leaving B presenting C noting D suggesting
3 A go B get C be D stay
4 A chatting B running C going D rambling
5 A irrational B prejudiced C unreasonable D superstitious
6 A notice B consideration C note D care
7 A took place B came about C finished up D turned up

8 A junction B joining C roundabout D crossing
9 A route B course C way D path
10 A pulled B thrust C ran D crashed
11 A once B least C most D best
12 A paying B giving C attracting D providing
13 A unfavourable B inopportune C undesirable D unfortunate
14 A discouraged B shaken C overcome D confused
15 A work B post C job D employment
15
THE TRADE IN RHINO HORN
Last year thieves broke into a Scottish castle and stole only one thing: a rhino horn, which at 1.5 metres
was the longest in the world. In China pharmaceutical (0)…have been building up (1)of antiques made
from rhino horn, for the sole (2) of smashing them to powder to make the (3) ingredient of many of
their medicines. And in Africa poachers continue to die in the (4) for the black rhino. Recently,
conservationists met to (5)… a campaign to persuade countries where rhino horn is (6) part of the
traditional medicine to (7) to substitutes. The biggest (8) to the survival of the rhinoceros is the (9) …
of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic (10) in rhino horn.The rhino horn is included in
many (11) for disorders ranging from fevers to nosebleeds. Horn, like fingernails, is made of keratin and
has no proven medicinal (12)…Traditional substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are
(13)
as second best.The battle is (14)… to be winnable. But it may be harder than the battle against the trade
in
ivory, for there is a (15)…between the two commodities. Ivory is a luxury; rhino horn, people believe,
could save the life of their child.
0 A factories B plants C workshops D studios
1 A amounts B bundles C collections D groups
2 A reason B intention C need D purpose
3 A essential B real C actual D true
4 A chance B search C fight D race
5 A design B plan C programme D form

6 A hardly B even C nearly D still
7 A vary B switch C modify D adjust
8 A threat B danger C disaster D 'menace
9 A rejection B denial C refusal D protest
10 A business B commerce C selling D trading
11 A recipes B aids C remedies D doses
12 A capacity B values C control D powers
13 A regarded B valued C known D reputed
14 A imagined B dreamed C thought D viewed
15 A variation B difference C gap D comparison
`
16
THE NEW BRITISH LIBRARY
Originally commissioned 14 years ago, the new British Library was (0) to open in1990. However,
the project has been(1)…by political infighting, poor planning and financial problems. The most recent
(2) came in June when inspectors discovered that 60 miles of new metal shelving had started to (3)…
and needed to be (4) .That would (5) the opening of the project's first phase for yet another two
years.
"Things have gone from bad to worse," said Brian Lake, secretary of the Regular readers, an association
of writers and scholars who are not happy with plans for the new library. "It is a grand national project
that has become a great national scandal."
It sounded like a splendid idea when the government (6) its £164 million project in1978.
Sophisticated electronic (7)…would help keep the library's irreplaceable stock at an optimal (8)…and
humidity. A computer-controlled delivery system would provide books to readers within minutes of a
(9) rather than days. And to (10) other needs of the reading public, the library would also include
(11)… galleries, a restaurant and a conference hall.
That was the plan, (12) . The start of construction was delayed until 1982 by arguments about
planning and by a (13) of government. Four years later, members of the cabinet ordered a (14)…
report and discovered that the committee responsible for (15) the project hadn't met in four years.
0

A
projected B supposed
C assumed D pretended
1 A delayed B bothered C infected D restricted
2
A
comeback B setback C drawback
D cutback
3 A fade B melt C mould D rust
4 A substituted
B
replaced C abandoned D rejected
5
A
distract B destroy
C postpone
D
postdate
6
A
imposed B unveiled
C claimed D manifested
7 A items B computers C equipment D
tools
8
A heat B temperature C cold D warmth
9
A
reservation B demand
C wish

D request
10
A
fit B serve
C bring D obey
11 A exposition B show C exhibition
D
demonstration
12 A especially B anyway C eventually D meanwhile
13
A variation B
difference
C
shift D change
14 A progress B progression C progressive D progressing
15 A guarding B supervising C overlooking
D watching
17
THEME HOLIDAYS IN SCOTLAND
If you like to build your holiday round a theme or particular (0) , there are many opportunities open
to
you. The Scottish Tourist Board publishes an excellent (1) , Adventure and Special Interest Holidays
in
Scotland, containing (2)…of dozens of ideas for 'different' holidays together with addresses to (3) .
Write for a copy to any of their offices.
You can, for example, go on an archaeological holiday and be (4) to the many prehistoric (5)
on the Solway Coast and the Early Christian remains at Whithorn. For creative people, there are any
number of arts and crafts (6)…that offer instruction as well as (7)… .Prices vary, depending on the (8)
of teaching and accommodation. Subjects range from painting and music to wood-carving, silver-
smithing

and (9)…Outdoor (10) can choose from a wide range too - from bird watching to camping, from
gliding
to golf.
If you've always wanted to see the west (11) of Scotland from the sea but haven't got your own boat
and prefer an experienced hand at the helm, try STA Schooners. They (12) week-long voyages in
the
Tall Ship Malcolm Miller, a 300-ton schooner, and part of the experience is that you are one of the
(13)
- a pleasure for which you pay quite a lot. Hebridean Island Cruises offer a variety of cruises to many of
the most beautiful spots on the western seaboard in the Hebridean Princess, a luxury floating hotel with a
crew of thirty (14) forty passengers. If you're lucky with the weather and can (15) it, this could
be
the ideal holiday for you.
0 A action B activity C act D acting
1 A prospectus B catalogue C brochure D journal
2 A data B facts C information D details
3 A visit B contact C write D know
4 A invited B referred C introduced D presented
5 A situations B sites C sights D sightings
6 A practices B studies C careers D courses
7 A relaxation B learning C improvement D recuperation
8 A amount B quality C capacity D quantity
9 A sailing B water-skiing C stone-cutting D chess
10 A experts B sports C activities D enthusiasts
11 A bank B shore C coast D seaside
12 A set B run C take D stage
13 A group B staff C team D crew
14 A to look after B to help C to treat D to take on
15 A buy B afford C pay D spend
18

THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The story of man's mastery of the air isalmost as old as man himself, a puzzle in which the essential (0)
were not found until a very late stage. However, to (1) this we must first go back to the time when primitive,
man (2) his food, and only birds and insects flew. We cannot know with any certainty when man first
deliberately shaped weapons for throwing, but that (3) of conscious design marked the first step on a road
that (4), from the spear and the arrow to the aeroplane and the giant rocket of the present (5) . It would
seem, in fact, that this (6) to throw things is one of the most primitive and deep-seated of our instincts, (7)
in childhood and persisting into old age. The more mature ambition to throw things swiftly and accurately,
which is the origin of most (8) games, probably has its roots in the ages when the possession of a (9)
weapon and the ability to throw it with force and accuracy (10) the difference between eating and starving.
It is significant that such weapons were (11) and brought to their (12) form at an early stage in history.
If we were restricted to the same (13) , it is doubtful if we could produce better bows and arrows than those
that
(14) the armies of the past. The arrow was the first true weapon capable of maintaining direction over
considerable (15) . It was to be centuries before man himself could fly.
0 A clues B keys C responses D resolutions
1 A value B approve C understand D realize
2 A pursued B hunted for Cchased D followed up
3 A act B deed C action D event
4 A brings B moves C takes D leads
5 A instant B day C hour D moment
6 A feeling B urge C encouragement D emotion
7 A coming B arriving Cappearing D growing
8 A exterior B outside C external D outdoor
9 A suitable B fitting C related D chosen
10 A involved B meant C told D showed
11 A invented B magined C planned D produced
12 A last B older C latest D final
13 A matters B substances C materials D sources
14 A destroyed B ruined C spoiled D exploded

15 A lengths B extents C areas D distances

19
BECOMING A TRANSLATOR
The role of the translator in enabling literature to pass beyond its natural frontiers is receiving
growing recognition.In (0) of the general increase in this (1)… , it is not surprising that many people
with literary interests and a knowledge of languages should think of adopting translating as a full-or
part-time (2) Some advice may usefully be (3) to such would-be translators.
The first difficulty the beginner will (4) is the unwillingness of publishers to entrust a
translation to anyone who has not already (5) a reputation for sound work. The least publishers will
(6) before
commissioning a translation is a fairly lengthy (7) of the applicant's work, even, if unpublished.
Perhaps the best way the would-be translator can begin is to select some book of the type which he or
she
feels competent and (8) to translate, translate a (9) section of the book and then submit the book
and
the translation to a (10) publisher. If he or she is extremely lucky, this may (11) in a commission
to
translate the book. More (12) , however, publishers will (13) the book as such but if they are
favourably (14) by the translation, they may very possibly commission some other book of a (15)
nature which they already have in mind.
0 A regard B view C awareness D consideration
1 A field B category C ground D class
2 A work B employment C occupation D line
3 A made B given C told D shown
4 A encounter B involve C reveal D introduce
5 A formed B set C founded D established
6 A instruct B oblige C demand D direct
7 A instance B case C specimen D model
8 A eager B nervous C agitated D excited

9 A substantial B main C grand D plentiful
10 A fit B right C convenient D suitable
11 A finish B lead C effect D result
12 A surely B probably C certainly D expectedly
13 A exclude B reject C object D disapprove
14 A impressed B convinced C affected D taken
15 A common B same C similar D joint
20
CRIME - REVERSING THE TREND
Crime, as we are all (0) , has been a growing problem all over the world in the last thirty years. But we are not
(1) against crime. Much is being done - and more can be done - to reverse the trend. You can play a part in it.
The first step towards preventing crime is understanding its (2) . Most crime is against property, not (3) , and
most
crime is not carried out by professionals; nor is it carefully planned. Property crimes (4) on the easy opportunity.
They are often (5) by adolescents and young men, the majority of whom stop offending as they grow older - the
(6)
age for offending is fifteen. Also, and not surprisingly, the (7) of being a victim of crime (8) greatly depending on
where you live. This (9) by criminals on the easy, opportunity is the (10) to much crime prevention. Motor cars,
for example, are a sitting target for the criminal. Surveys have shown that

approximately one in five drivers do not

always (11) to secure their cars by locking all the doors and shutting all the windows, and in 30 per
cent
of domestic burglaries the burglar simply
walks in without having to use (12) . If opportunities like
these
did not exist, criminals would have a much harder time. The chances are that many crimes would not be
committed, which would release more police time for (13) serious crime. Of course, the primary
esponsibility for (14) with crime rests with the police and the courts, but, if you care about improving the

(15) of life for yourself and your community, there are many ways you can help

reverse the trend.
0 A aware B conscious C informed D known
1 A unprepared B hopeless C powerless D weak
2 A nature B type C reason D method
3 A the victim B the public C residents D citizens
4 A increase B thrive C develop D happen
5 A performed B started C committed D done
6 A peak B major C maximum D top
7 A percentage B seriousness C rate D risk
8 A varies B adapts C transforms D adjusts
9 A awareness B seizing C reliance D taking
10 A answer B method C, way D key
11 A trouble B bother C care D ensure
12 A force B threat C tools D tricks
13 A removing B facing C tackling D dealing
14 A containing B destroying C fighting D coping
15 A quality B peacefulness C enjoyment D way

21
SECRETARIES
What's in a name? In the case of the secretary, it can be something rather surprising. The
dictionary calls a secretary `anyone who
(0)
correspondence, keeps records and does clerical work
for others'. But while
this particular job (1)
looks a bit (2)
, the word's original meaning is a

hundred times more exotic and perhaps more (3)
. The word itself has
been with us since the 14th
century and comes from the mediaeval Latin word
secretarius meaning `something hidden'.
Secretaries started out as those
members of staff with knowledge hidden from others, the silent ones

mysteriously (4)
the secret machinery of organisations.
A few years ago `something hidden' probably meant (5)
out of sight,
tucked away with all
the other secretaries and typists. A good secretary was
an unremarkable one, efficiently (6)
orders,
and then returning mouse-like
to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the
(7)

of new
technology, the job (8)
upgraded itself and the role has changed to one
closer to the
original meaning. The skills required are more (9)
and more
technical. Companies are (10)
that secretarial staff should already be
(11)
trained in, or at least familiar with, a (12)

of
word processing
packages. In addition to this they need the management skills to take on some
administration, some personnel work and some research. The professionals
in the (13)
business
see all these developments as (14)
the jobs which
secretaries are being asked to do.
It may also encourage a dramatic (15)
in office practice. In the past it
was usual to regard the
secretary as almost dehumanised, to be seen and
not heard.
0 A orders B handles C runs D controls
1 A explanation B detail C definition D characteristic
2 A elderly B unfashionable C outdated D aged
3 A characteristic B related C likely D appropriate
4 A operating B pushing C vibrating D effecting
5 A kept B covered C packed D held
6 A satisfying B obeying C completing D minding
7 A advent B approach C entrance D opening
8 A truly B validly C correctly D effectively
9 A thorough B demanding C severe D critical
10 A insisting B ordering C claiming D pressing
11 A considerably B highly C vastly D supremely
12 A group B collection C cluster D range
13 A appointment B hiring C recruitment D engagement
14 A improving B intensifying C advancing D heightening
15 A turn B change C switch D swing

22
SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY

Sport as a spectacle, and photography as a way of recording action, have developed together. At the
(0) of the 20th century, Edward Muybridge was experimenting with photographs of movement. His
pictures of a runner (1)…in every history of photography. Another milestone was when the
scientist/photographer Harold Edgerton (2) the limits of photographic technology with his study of a
(3) of milk hitting the surface of a dish of milk. Another advance was the development of miniature
cameras in the late 1920s which made it possible for sports photographers to (4) their cumbersome
cameras behind.
The significance of television as a transmitter of sport has (5) the prospects of still
photographers.
All those people who watch a sports event on TV, with all its movement and action, (6) the still
image
as a reminder of the game. The (7) majority of people do not actually (8) sports events, but see
them through the eyes of the media. And when they look at sports photography, they look not so much
for
a (9) of the event as for emotions and relationships with which they can (10) Looking back, we
can
see how (11) sports photography has changed. (12) sports photographers were as interested in the
stories behind the sport as in the sport itself. Contemporary sports photography (13) the glamour of
sport, the colour and the action. But the best sports photographers today still do more than (14) tell
the story of the event.They (15)…in a single dramatic moment the real emotions of the participants.
0 A turn B opening C origin D introduction
1 A exhibit B show C feature D demonstrate
2 A enlarged B extended C prolonged D spread
3 A splash B drop C dash D drip
4 A put B keep C lay D leave
5 A improved B aided C benefited D assisted

6 A choose B value C praise D cheer
7 A high B wide C main D vast
8 A visit B attend C follow D meet
9 A preservation B store C mark D record
10 A identify B share C unite D join
11 A highly B radically C extremely D severely
12 A Initial B First C Early D Primary
13 A outlines B signals C emphasises D forms
14 A simply B alone C singly D only
15 A seize B grasp C capture D secure

23
HOLIDAYS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Roaring across the bay in a motorised rubber boat, we were told by the
captain to (0)
our eyes
open. With the engine (1)
, it wasn't long
before half a dozen dolphins came swimming around us.
Eventually, two
came up (2)
beside the boat and popped their heads out of the water
to give us a
wide grin.
Dolphin watching is just one of the many unexpected attractions of a holiday in South Carolina, in
the USA. The state has long been popular
with golfers and, with dozens of (3)
in the area, it is
(4) a
golfer's

paradise. But even the keenest golfer needs other diversions and we soon
found the resorts
had plenty to (5)
In fact, Charleston, which is midway along the (6) , is one of the
most interesting cities in
America
and is where the first shots in the Civil
War were (7) Taking a guided horse and carriage tour
through
the quiet back streets you get a real (8) of the city's past. Strict regulations
(9)
to buildings so
that
original (10)
are preserved

South of Charleston lies Hilton Head, an island resort about 18 km long
and (11) like a foot. It
has a fantastic sandy beach (12) the length
of the island and this is perfect for all manner of water
sports. (13)
, if
you feel like doing nothing, (14)
a chair and umbrella, head for an open
(15)

and
just sit back and watch the pelicans diving for fish.
0 A stand B keep C hold D fix
1 A turned out B turned away C turned off D turned over

2 A direct B right C precise D exact
3 A courses B pitches C grounds D courts
4 A fully B truly C honestly D purely
5 A show B provide C offer D supply
6 A beach B coast C sea D shore
7 A thrown B aimed C pulled D fired
8 A significance B meaning C sense D comprehension
9 A apply B happen C agree D occur
10 A points B characters C aspects D features
11 A formed B shaped C made D moulded
12 A lying B running C going D following
13 A alternately B Conversely C Contrastingly D Alternatively
14 A charge B lend C hire D loan
15 A space B room C gap D place

24

UNIVERSAL WET WEEKEND
The weather across much of the British Isles (0)
settled last week, with a good
(1)
of sunshine.
On Saturday, the lunchtime temperature at
Bridlington on the north-east (2)
of England was
28.2°C,
which compared
favourably with Alicante in southern Spain at 29°C. The (3)
of the world,
however,

was
coping with some (4)
conditions. A tropical storm, given
the name Helen, hit Hong Kong on
Saturday
morning, though her presence
had been (5)
in advance. From noon on Friday, the showers and
(6)
of rain became more and more frequent so that by midnight on Sunday, thirty-six hours (7)
, there had
been
333 mm of rainfall, not far off the (8)
for the month of August, at 367 mm. Even on Sunday there was
a
(9)
in
Helen's tail. The town centre of Shanwei, near Hong Kong, was (10)
when
468 mm of rain fell
in
the sixty hours leading up to midday on Sunday, (11) twice the normal August rainfall. On the other (12)
of
the globe, tropical
storm Gabrielle moved across the Gulf of Mexico and overnight rain (13) the usual
rainfall for the (14) month. Although most of Europe enjoyed
sun, the high temperatures were
ufficient
to set off some (15)
showers.

On Tuesday morning, a thunderstorm at Lyons in eastern France
deposited
99 mm of rain in just six hours.
0 A kept B remained C lasted D held
1 A extent B quantity C proportion D deal
2 A shore B coast C sands D beach
3 A residue B remnant C rest D remains
4 A extreme B extravagant C excessive D exaggerated
5 A waited B found C felt D warned
6 A outbursts B outbreaks C outputs D outlets
7 A after B plus C later D more
8 A general B standard C medium D average
9 A sting B prick C stab D poke
10 A drowned B flooded C immersed D overflowed
11 A only B fairly C hardly D nearly
12 A section B side C face D part
13 A overtook B exceeded C passed D beat
14 A total B sole C single D whole
15 A huge B weighty C heavy D strong
25
If you’re an environmentalist, plastic is a word you tent to say with a sneer or a snarl. It has become a
symbol of our wasteful, throw-away society. But there seems little (1) _________ it is here to say, and the
truth is, of course, that plastics have brought enormous (2) _________ even environmental ones. It’s not
really the plastics themselves that are the environmental evil – it’s the way society chooses to use and (3)
_________ them.
Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastic are made from oil, gas or coal – non-
renewable natural (4) _________. We import well over three million tones of the stuff in Britain each
year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away. A high (5) _________ of our annual consumption is
in the (6) ________ of packaging and this constitutes about seven per cent by weight, of our domestic
refuse. Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of it is, though the plastic recycling (7)

_________ is growing fast.
The plastics themselves are extremely energy rich – they have a higher calorific value than coal and
one (8)___________ of ‘recovery’ strongly (9) _________ by the plastic manufacturers is the
(10)_________ of waste plastic into a fuel.
1. A. evidence B. concern C. doubt D. likelihood
2. A. pleasures B. benefits C. savings D. profits
3. A. dispose B. store C. endanger D. abuse
4. A. resources B. processes C. products D. fuels
5. A. portion B. amount C. proportion D. rate
6. A. way B. kind C. type D. form
7. A. manufacture B. plant C. factory D. industry
8. A. measure B. method C. mechanism D. medium
9. A. desired B. argued C. favoured D. presented
10. A. conversion B. melting C. change D. replacement


26
Everyone knows that our energy is derived (1)…from the sun. It is wiser for mankind to…(2)…it
immediately, rather than wait for the slow forces of nature to …(3)…it into fossil fuels. The simplest way
is to utilise the flat-plate collector sited on the …(4)… of a house.
It operates when pipes on the plate channel water to and from the …(5)…hot water tank. As sunshine
rapidly…(6)…the plate, the prevailing heat is absorbed by the water as it passes. A sheet of glass serves a
dual purpose - It …(7)…the sunshine in, and traps the infra-red radiation. The plate is kept warm by…(8)
… the release of infra-red radiation.
It is essential that the sun must be high enough in the sky to …(9) … the water. On cloudy days and
in winter a flat-plate collector may fail to provide sufficient …(10)…to warm a full tank of water.
1. A. henceforth B. originally C. piecemeal D. beginning
2. A. imprison B. capture C. lock D. enclose
3. A. mould B. trigger C. process D. spin
4. A. roof B. wall C. bathroom D. window

5. A. domestic B. national C. private D. international
6. A. warms B. sparkles C. simmers D. gleams
7. A. allows B. extols C. entices D. lures
8. A. preventing B. discharging C. promoting D. rectifying
9. A. boil B. flush C. warm D. burst
10.A. energy B. strength C. vitality D. muscle
27
In child development there is an important phenomenon that shows very clearly the process of
preparation for the future: play. (1) … to popular belief, its importance should never be underestimated.
Games are not the haphazard creations of parents or educators. They should be seen as educational
(2) … and as stimuli for the child’s (3) …, imagination and life skills. Every game is a preparation for
the future. The manner in which children (4) … a game, their choice of game and the importance they
(5)…upon it, show their attitude and relationship to their environment and how they relate to their (6…
human beings. Whether they are hostile or whether they are friendly, and particularly whether they show
qualities as leaders, are clearly (7)…in their play. In observing children at play we can see their whole
attitude towards life; play is of the (8) …importance to every child.
But play is more than preparation for life. Games are (9)… communal exercises that enable children
to develop their social feeling. Children who avoid games and play are always (10) … to the suspicion
that they have not (11)… satisfactorily to life. These children gladly withdraw from all games, or when
they are sent to the playground with other children usually (12… the pleasure of others. Pride, lack of
(13)… and the consequent fear of ‘getting it wrong’ are the main reasons for this behaviour. In general,
by watching children at play, we can determine (14)… great certainty the (15) … and quality of their
social feeling.
1. A. In contrast B. Contrary C. According D. Due
2. A. means B. sources C. tools D. aids
3. A. psyche B. physiology C. mindset D. nerves
4. A.operate B. approach C. process D. experience
5. A. give B. accord C. place D. lay
6. A. fellow B. contemporary C. present D. peer
7 . A.distinct B. evident C. noticeable D. marked

8. A.great B. utmost C. prime D. most
9. A.without doubts B. in all C. by far D. above all
10. A. attached B. open C. prone D. likely
11. A. survived B. adjusted C. changed D. grown
12. A. spoil B. damage C. vanish D. worsen
13. A. maturity B. egoism C. self-esteem D. development
14. A. on B. in C. with D. for
15. A. level B. scale C. scope D. extent

28

HOW TO HAVE PERFECT POSTURE
Next time you take a look in the mirror, try standing sideways on. Do you see a long elegant back or are
your shoulders as rounded as the hump of a camel?
Bad posture normally starts in our teenage years when we slouch around with our (0) trying
to look cool. But (1) up those who now while away their days sitting in front of a computer where it’s
(2) too easy to neglect something as essential as good posture.
As we grow older these poor (3) are exacerbated, but by taking (4) immediately we can
not only look and feel better but protect our body for the future. Make sure you sleep on a firm mattress at
night. (5) lying flat on your back; instead try sleeping in a curled position on your side. The
(6) revival in platform shoes doesn’t help and wearing shoes with heels more than (7)
centimetres high is just asking for (8) Don’t load everything into a bag that you wear on one
shoulder or you’ll end up lopsided. (9) the weight evenly by wearing a rucksack or even a bag
around your waist. When you get home from a day’s studying or work it’s all too (10) to slump
on the sofa in front of the telly. Sitting in this way (11) feel comfortable but it prevents you from
breathing properly. Try to sit (12) with the stomach pulled firmly in.
1 A head B feet C eyes D hands
2 A so B quite C all D rather
3 A customs B habits C rituals D practices
4 A course B something C moves D action

5 A evade B prevent C avoid D restrain
6 A existing B topical C contemporary D current
7 A various B several C considerable D numerous
8 A concern B problem C trouble D fuss
9 A scatter B circulate C disseminate D distribute
10 A enticing B attractive C irresistible D tempting
11 A may B could C will D should
12 A level B erect C vertical D upright
29
PHOBIAS
The (0) of Phobia Awareness Week is to highlight the difficulties that many people (1) in everyday
situations. It is important to (2) between a fear and a phobia. It's (3) usual for all of us to have our own
peculiar fears, for example being anxious around snakes or nervous about flying. However, only a very small
proportion of us actually have a phobia of these things. When these fears begin to (4) you embarrassment
or you feel that your life is being disrupted then you would be wise to (5) treatment for what could
potentially be a phobia. By far the most (6) phobia and potentially the most disruptive is agoraphobia. The
word derives from Greek and (7) means 'fear of the marketplace' but we apply it today to describe a
distressing (8) in which people (9) going outside because of the awful feelings of anxiety that arise.
Treatment of phobias usually consists of the patient (10) behavioural therapy during which they gradually
get used to being near the object or the situation that causes them fear. Drugs may be (11) to treat anxiety
and many people opt for alternative therapy such as acupuncture or hypnosis to help them come to (12)
with their fear and conquer it.
0 A reason B POINT C fact D logic
1 A face B confront C meet D join
2 A choose B distinguish C select D pick
3 A very B absolutely C quite D truly
4 A cause B make C create D give
5 A explore B hunt C search D seek
6 A standard B average C normal D common
7 A precisely B specifically C literally D exactly

8 A illness B condition C disease D injury
9 A dodge B avoid C miss D slip
10 A undergoing B taking C experiencing D doing
11 A released B issued C certified D prescribed
12 A acceptance B terms C realisation D comfort
30
SOUND ADVICE FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS
A recent (0) of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1) of
second language acquisition. Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2) a language course. One
suggestion is that you (3) whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language. Did you enjoy
studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to learn a language? The major (4)
will be your own time and effort. Therefore you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (5)
qualification. Also, be realistic in your (6) . If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up.
Do not be deceived (7) thinking that the most expensive courses are the best. (8) around to get the
best possible value for money. You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more
quickly you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to teach herself German by enrolling on a (9)
course. Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching methodology her chances of
(10) progress were high. Three years (11) she remembers very little. She feels her biggest mistake
was not to follow (12) her first experience. "I should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to
study, even if it were by myself."
0 A series B ISSUE C programme D release
1 A domain B branch C field D area
2 A wondering B thinking C looking D considering
3 A assess B review C balance D survey
4 A charge B cost C price D valuation
5 A recognised B understood C valued D regarded
6 A sights B ends C objects D goals
7 A by B about C into D in
8 A nose B push C run D shop
9 A rapid B crash C quick D fast

10 A achieving B doing C gaining D making
11 A on B forward C from D onward
12 A up B on C through D out

31

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Earth is the only (0) we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) human activities are
making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) on consuming two-thirds of the world's
resources while half of the world's population do so (3) to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (4)
resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5) built on or
washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (6)
We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (7) the planet's
ability to support people is being (8) at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are
(9) increasingly heavy demands on it.
The Earth's (10) resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth,
shelter and minerals to (11) us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the
resources they will (12) indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out
and everyone will suffer.
0 A situation B place C position D site
1 A although B still C yet D despite
2 A continues B repeats C carries D follows
3 A already B just C for D entirely
4 A alone B individual C lone D lonely
5 A sooner B neither C either D rather
6 A quite B greatly C utterly D completely
7 A development B result C reaction D product
8 A stopped B narrowed C reduced D cut
9 A doing B having C taking D making
10 A natural B real C living D genuine

11 A hold B maintain C stay D keep
12 A last B stand C go D remain
32

WRITE THE PERFECT CRIME NOVEL
Most people are born with the natural ability to (0) stories, but only a rare few have the determination
to
become professional authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels top the (1) of bestselling
books. Some of the world's famous crime writers have achieved the (2) success of all. Who can (3) the
appeal of famous detectives like Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you haven't read
the (4) books you will have seen them in films or on the TV.
If you have an ambition to become the (5) Agatha Christie what should you do? The best starting (6) is
to read lots of examples of crime fiction written by good authors. You will need a notebook to carry around
with
you or, (7) better, some loose (8) of paper that you can (9) notes on and then file into a folder. After
all,
the most everyday situation - for example, watching a woman get (10) a train - may be the (11) for your
first bestseller.
Like any good recipe you have to know the main (12) of a successful novel. These are: an original
story, strong characters and a memorable setting.
0 A say B TELL C speak D announce
1 A queue B list C row D line
2 A largest B greatest C highest D prime
3 A deny B refuse C insist D hide
4 A first B initial C early D original
5 A next B following C subsequent D later
6 A spot B tip C point D mark
7 A even B still C very D so
8 A strips B sheets C layers D pieces
9 A complete B do C fill D make

10 A out B down C off D from
11 A notion B idea C invention D inspiration
12 A parts B ingredients C pieces D sections
33

NO MORE CLASSES

The use (0) computers has meant students can study language programmes (1) their own speed when
and for how long they want - and no need to worry about the teacher having a favourite or doing (2)
another
boring lesson. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the student will (3) on their headset, and
be transported into an imaginary school, choose their class, take the books they need off the shelf and (4)
conversations with other computerised students.
They might (5) choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the restaurant.
At
the (6) of a button they would be transported to (7) realistic settings where they could practice their
English, maybe getting a hand (8) a virtual English companion. All this perhaps, at the computer, from the
comfort of their home: no (9) to catch the bus to college, or a plane to England.
Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it ever (10)
the classroom? Hopefully not. (11) the need to relate to real people talking about real issues and generally
learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to (12) at least a little of their time
with real people.
0 A in B at C of D to
1 A With B for C at D in
2 A Still B for C yet D already
3 A Place B put C set D get
4 A Take B do C catch D hold
5 A although B referably C instead D contrary
6 A force B hit C depress D push
7 A so B such C like D alike

8 A with B to C from D for
9 A role B duty C obligation D need
1 0 A replace B restore C succeed D recover
11 A definitely B mainly C totally D surely
12 A spend B make C have D do

34
A LUCKY ESCAPE
This is about an extraordinary incident that took place in London a few years ago. It was a day (0) any
other.
On one of the city's underground stations, a train was (1) the platform.Suddenly, a young woman (2)… herself
into the path of the moving train. The horrified driver slammed on the brakes, certain that there was no way to
stop
the train before the woman was (3)… under the wheels.But miraculously the train did stop. The first carriage had
to be jacked up to free the badly (4) woman, but the wheels had not passed over her and she (5)…. The young
woman (6)… out to be a gifted architect who was recovering from a nervous (7)… . Her amazing rescue from
death was based on a remarkable (8)… , for the subsequent (9)… into the accident revealed that the train had not
stopped during the river's hasty breaking. It was revealed that, seconds before, a passenger had (10)…. down the
emergency handle,which automatically (11) …the brakes of the train. The passenger had had no particular reason
for doing so, but had acted (12)…. . Unbelievable as it sounds, he was completely (13)… of the fact that a young
woman was about to hurl herself into the path of the oncoming train. In fact, the Transport Authority (14)…
prosecuting the passenger on the rounds that he had had no (15)…cause for using the emergency system!
0 A so B like C by D such
1 A arriving B approaching C catching D advancing
2 A leapt B tossed C plunged D threw
3 A crushed B smashed C broken D squeezed
4 A damaged B wounded C survived D continued
5 A succeeded B overcame C made D turned
6 A proved B came C outbreak D setback
7 A breakdown B failure C injured D harmed

8 A coincidence B correspondence C occasion D opportunity
9 A examination B inquiry C view D search
10 A taken B handed C pulled D lifted
11 A joins B applies C presses D attaches
12 A for a change B by accident C at random D on impulse
13 A uninformed B unsure C unaware D uncertain
14 A considered B meant C advised D faced
15 A noticeable B expected C correct D reasonable

35
While (1)________ everyone accepts the goal of developing (2)_______ in the three "R's" - reading,
writing, and arithmetic - it often seems impossible to (3)_______ agreement on any goal beyond that. In the
broadest (4)________, the conflict over educational goals can be (5)_______ as a conflict between
conservatives and liberals, or, (6)_______ they are sometimes called, essentialists and progressives.
The conservatives, or essentialists, tend to identify (7)________ desirable education with the transmission
of the cultural heritage, a no-nonsense (8)_______ featuring the three R's at the elementary-school level, and
academic studies or strong vocational or business courses in the secondary school. They put (9)_______ on
the training of the mind and cultivation of the intellect.
The liberals, or progressives, tend to be interested in the development of the (10)_______ child, not
merely in training the child's mind or in preparing the child for adult (11)_______ in a remote future. They
emphasize rich, meaningful school living in the present, and they view subject matter as a resource
(12)________ total human development (13)_______ as a goal in itself. They do not downgrade content but
believe it should be (14)_______ not for (15)________ own sake but as a means of fostering thought and
inquiry.
1. A. most B. mostly C. almost D. utmost
2. A. talents B. actions C. skills D. techniques
3. A. get B. accomplish C. take D. reach
4. A. terms B. words C. letters D. means
5. A. viewed B. thought C. counted D. named
6. A. but B. when C. although D. as

7. A. certain B. a C. the D. as
8. A. subject B. curriculum C. object D. program
9. A. significance B. stress C. emphasis D. strength
10. A. complete B. whole C. all-round D. total
11. A. living B. lives C. liveliness D. life
12. A. at B. in C. of D. for

13. A. but for B. rather than C. instead D. better
14. A. inquired B. required C. acquired D. requested
15. A. it B. its C. them D. their

36
HAPPINESS
In recent years there has been a remarkable increase in (0) ….into happiness. The researchers have (1)…
a number of factors which contribute to a definition of happiness.
First of all, there is, in some people, a moderate genetic predispositio to be happy: in other words,
happiness
(2)… in families. A happiness seems to correlate quite (3) with the main dimensions of personality: extroverts
are generally happier, neurotics are less so.
Second, people often (4)…good social relations as a reason for their happiness. In particular, friends are a
great (5)…of joy, partly because of the agreeable things they do together, partly because of the way friends use
positive non-verbal (6)…such as caressing and touching, to affirm their friendship. Marriage similar (7)…
relationships can also form the basis of lasting happiness.
Third, job satisfaction undoubtedly (8)…overall satisfaction and vice versa - perhaps this is why some
people are happy in boring jobs: it (9)…both ways. Job satisfaction is caused not only the essential nature of
the work, but (10)…by social interactions with co-workers. Unemployment, on the (11)…can be a serious
cause of unhappiness.
Fourth, leisure is important because it is more under individual (12)… than most other causes of happiness.
Activities (13)…sport and music, and participation in voluntary work and social clubs of various kinds, can
give

great joy. This is partly because of the (14)…themselves, but also because of the social support of other group
members - it is very strong(15)… the case of religious groups.
0 A research B inquiry C examination D study
1 A fallen back on B gone in for C got down to D come up with
2 A arrives B runs C goes D descends
3 A strongly B nearly C firmly D hardly
4 A explain B prefer C talk D report
5 A meaning B origin C base D source
6 A movements B motions C slogans D signals
7 A near B close C tight D heavy
8 A consists of B applies to C contributes to D counts on