Micropropagation of philodendron florida graduation thesis

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

GRADUATION THESIS
MICROPROPAGATION OF PHILODENDRON FLORIDA

Student

:

VU HAI CHUNG

Supervivor

:

Dr. Dang Thi Thanh Tam

ID

:

614044

Class

:

K61CNSHE

Hanoi - 2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the process of studying, researching and completing the thesis, I have
received the help of many individuals
First of all, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Dang Thi Thanh
Tam for her guidance throughout the course of this study
I would like to thank the teachers in the Department of Plants - Faculty of
Biotechnology for creating the best conditions to me to implement the topic.
I would like to thank for the help of all my friend during the study period.
Hanoi ………………
Student

Vu Hai Chung

i 
 


COMMITMENT
This thesis is composed of my original works, and contains no material
previously published or written by another person.
I also declare that all the help to complete this thesis has been thanks.

Hanoi ………………
Student

Vu Hai Chung

ii 

 


CONTENS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. I
COMMITMENT ...................................................................................................ii
CONTENS .......................................................................................................... iii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURE ...............................................................................................vii
ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... viii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................IX
Part I: Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Purpose ........................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Requirement .................................................................................................... 1
1.4 The meaning of the thesis thoughts in learning and scientific research ......... 2
Part II: Literature Review ..................................................................................... 3
2.1 Introduction to the Philodendron Florida ...................................................... 3
2.1.1 Origination ................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Classification ................................................................................................ 3
2.1.3 Botanical characteristics .............................................................................. 3
2.1.4 Cultural Conditions: ..................................................................................... 3
2.2 The economic value of the above flower production industry the world
and in Vietnam ............................................................................................ 3
2.2.1. World production of flowers and ornamental plants .................................. 4
iii 
 


2.3.Application in vitro tissue culture technology to multiplication of

ornamental plants ........................................................................................ 6
2.3.1 Brief History of Plant Tissue Culture: ......................................................... 6
2.3.2 Factors affect to micropropagation .............................................................. 8
2.4. Overview of the Araceae family tissue culture in the world and in Vietnam10
2.4.1 In the world ................................................................................................ 10
2.4.2 In Vietnam ................................................................................................. 12
Part III. MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................... 13
3.1 Research materials ........................................................................................ 13
3.2. Location and time of study .......................................................................... 13
3.3. Content and research method ....................................................................... 13
3.3.1 Studying the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Philodendron
Florida ...................................................................................................... 13
Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8)........................... 16
3.4 Method .......................................................................................................... 16
3.5. Observed indicators ..................................................................................... 16
Part IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONs .......................................................... 17
4.1. Study on the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Philodendron
Florida ...................................................................................................... 17
4.1.1  Effect of BA concentration on micropropagation of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots .................................................................... 17
4.1.2. Studying the effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication...... 19
of the in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots ....................................................... 19

iv 
 


4.1.3 Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots .................................................................... 21

4.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Philodendron Florida rootingError! Bookmark no
4.2.1. Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron

Florida shoots ........................................................................................... 23
4.2.2. Effect of IBA on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida
shoots ........................................................................................................ 26
4.3.3. Effect of combination 0.1 mg/l α-NAA + IAA on the rooting of in vitro
Philodendron Florida shoots …………………………………………………27
Part 5.Conclusion ................................................................................................ 28
5.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Suggestions ................................................................................................... 28
REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 29
Addendum ........................................................................................................... 31
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

v 
 


LIST OF TABLE
Experiment 1. Effect of BA concentration on micropropagation of the in vitro‐ Philodendron Florida 

shoots .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 
Experiment 2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro‐ Philodendron 
Florida shoots .............................................................................................................................................. 14 
Experiment 3. Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitro‐ Philodendron Florida 
shoots .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 
Experiment 4.  Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots .. 15 
Experiment 5.  Effect of IBA on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots ...................... 15 
Experiment 6. Effect of combination 0.1 mg/l α‐NAA + IAA on the rooting of in vitro Philodendron Florida 
shoots .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 
Table 4.1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro ............................................ 18 
Philodendron Florida shoots ....................................................................................................................... 18 
Table 4.2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro Philodendron Florida 
shoots .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 
Table 4.3. Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitro‐ Philodendron Florida shoots
 .................................................................................................................................................................... 21 
Table 4.4. Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots ......... 23 
Table 4.5. Effect of IBA on the rooting of shoots of Philodendron Florida ................................................. 24 
1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro ......................................................... 31 
Philodendron Florida shoots ....................................................................................................................... 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

vi 
 


LIST OF FIGURE
 

Figure 4.1. In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida plants after 4 weeks of
culture on MS medium supplemented with different BA concentrations.19
Figure 4.2. In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida after 4 weeks of culture on
MS medium supplemented with different kinetin concentrations ........... 21
Figure 4.3.  In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida after 4 weeks of culture on
MS

medium

supplemented

with

different

yam

bean

extract

concentration............................................................................................. 22
Figure 4.4.

In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida plants after 4 weeks of

culture on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations . .... 24
Figure 4.5.

In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida after 4 weeks of culture

on MS medium supplemented with different IBA concentrations .......... 25
Figure 4.6. In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida plants after 4 weeks of
culture on MS medium supplemented with different combination 0.1
mg/l α-NAA + IAA concentrations. ......................................................... 26
 
 

vii 
 


ABBREVIATIONS
α-NAA :

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

MS

:

Murashige & Skoog

Mg

: Milligram

Mg/1

: Milligram per liter

g

:

Gram

IAA

:

Acid indole-3-acetic

IBA

:

Indole- 3- butyric acid

C

:

Control

T

:

Treatment

viii 
 


SUMMARY
Studies of micropropagation of Philodendron Florida. A rapid and efficient
micropropagation method was established for  Philodendron Florida. Shoots were
cultured on MS medium containing benzyl adenine (BA), kinetin (K). The results
showed that MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BA + 0.5 α- NAA was optimal
for shoot multiplication. α-NAA had positive impact on root induction for in vitro
shoots. After four weeks of culture, the results showed that MS medium
supplemented with 1mg/l activated α- NAA + 0.3 IAA was optimal for root
induction in terms of root number per shoot and average length of root.

ix 
 


PART I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Philodendron Florida is a tree of the family Araceae originating from tropical
America south of Mexico to Panama, they often grow in dark places of the jungle.

The South American betel tree has an English name of Philodendron Florida. Its
leaves have wing-shaped grooves and circular spots.
Philodendron Florida is a very popular species in the market of bonsai. This
plant is native to the Americas, so it is very suitable for planting in the South of our
country. It has an eye-catching green color, special foliage shape, rarely encounters
pests and diseases, so it is very easy to care for. It can be propagated by taking
cuttings of a mature plant or by air layering but requires a long time and the
propagation coefficient is not high.
Today, the application of plant cell culture has become popular. Tissue culture
can produce high quality, disease-free crops with a large multiplier factor in a short
time, which can meet the market demand. Recognizing this problem, we conducted
the topic: " Micropropagation of Philodendron Florida ".
1.2. Purpose
Studying the process of micropropagation of Philodendron Florida
1.3 Requirement
Testing the effect of different BA and Kinetin concentration on shoot
multiplication.
Testing the effect of different IAA and IBA concentration on rooting step.

1 
 


1.4 The meaning of the thesis thoughts in learning and scientific research
The research results of the topic provide optimal bud multiplication and
rooting environment for later research.
Learn how to conduct a scientific research, analyze data and present a report.

2 
 

PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction to the Philodendron Florida
2.1.1 Origination
Philodendron Florida is an impressive evergreen hybrid plant from the
Araceae family. It produces attractive foliage on long, red stems up to a metre in
length. Leaves are lobed and green in colour. Flowers are not often seen in
cultivation, they are coloured cream-purple and measure approximately 30cm long.
All parts of this plant can cause severe discomfort if consumed.
2.1.2 Classification
Scientific classificationedit
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum:

Tracheophytes

Classis:

Monocots

Ordo:

Alismatales

Family:

Araceae

Genus:

Philodendron

Species:
2.1.3 Botanical characteristics
The Philodendron Florida variety is distinctive in leaf shape and color. The leaves
emerge from red petioles as a single lobe, which is very pale, and then as they
mature, they develop distinct lobes and turn from white to cream and then various
shades of green until they settle as a solid, dark green when fully mature. The
largest lobe is usually oval-shaped and furthest from the stem, with smaller lobes
nearer the stem.
2.1.4 Cultural Conditions:
In the right conditions, a Philodendron Florida will grow happily with little
maintenance. Philodendron Florida plants are a climbing variety and need
3 
 


something to grow up if want an upright plant. They can also trail from a hanging
basket, but they are not a true trailing variety and tend to have fewer stems, with
large leaves that grow further apart than a true trailing plant.
-

Space and location: As a loose growing plant, it needs elbow room to
spread. On average, a mature Philodendron Florida will spread
approximately 60 cm. Height varies depending on the height of the support it
is given to grow up but it ranges from 60cm to 120cm or much taller. They
do not like to be crowded and need space around them for light and air
circulation so they do best with smaller plants around them or alone in an
open area.

-

Light: Philodendrons, in general, tolerate a wide range of light conditions
well, which is why they’re so popular as house plants. Philodendron Florida
is no different and will do well in relatively low/medium light areas as well
as brightly lit areas. It will do best with plenty of indirect or filtered light.
Direct sunlight will scorch leaves and damage the plant.

-

Temperature and humidity: These plants like a warm and slightly humid
environment. They do best in temperatures ranging between 10 and 35
Celsius. They do not tolerate very cold temperatures. Philodendron Florida
plants will do best in slightly higher humidity ranges (around 70 is perfect),
but they will adapt to more or less humidity.

-

The right potting medium: The best potting medium for a Philodendron
Florida Ghost is one that drains well and has a pH level of between 5 and 8.
All-purpose potting mix amended with a little compost and some bark or
peat moss will work well.

2.2. The economic value of the above flower production industry the world
and in Vietnam
2.2.1. World production of flowers and ornamental plants
4 
 

Today, the flower and ornamental plant industry is one of the most profitable
industries in developed and developing countries. The production scale of this
industry grows rapidly at a rate of 10% per year. In the world today, more than 50
countries have actively produced flowers and ornamental plants on an industrial
scale.
Global Floriculture Production Statistics:
The Asia-Pacific region has more than two-thirds of the world’s acreage.
China with 40% and India with 15% have a majority in the world acreage of
flowers and plants. Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand are other major flower-producing
countries in this region. The European Union (EU) represents a 12% share of the
world’s area of flowers. The area of flowers in Africa is small with a 1.4% share.
Kenya is the largest African grower. The European Union and Mexico are among
the most important world producers (Salachna et al, 2017).
2.2.2. Flower production in Vietnam
According to Bao dien tu Dang Cong San Viet Nam (2016), statistics of the
Department of Crop Production show that in 2014, the whole country had about
22,671.9 ha of flower growing area, of which there were 9,237.6 ha in the North,
13,434.3 ha in the South. The acreage of ornamental trees and mangrove trees in
the North is nearly twice as high as in the Southern provinces (8,172.4 and 4,133.8
ha). The average income of flowers and ornamental plants nationwide in 2014 was
285 million VND / ha / year.
Vietnam in general and the North in particular have many advantages to
develop ornamental plants. The Northern Midlands and Mountains and the North
Central region still have a lot of land to develop this field with the advantages of a
cool high mountain climate all year round suitable for many species of flowers and
high class flowers. Especially in Moc Chau - Son La, Dien Bien, Lai Chau, there
5 
 

are conditions to form farms, enterprises producing industrial flowers for domestic
consumption and export.
High technology application: It has been significantly improved, such as
changing seed structure, tissue culture, advanced cultivation and protection
techniques; application of grid-house technology with shading roof ... However,
this change occurs unevenly between production regions for many reasons
(weather, intensive farming level, investment capacity, access to advanced
technology and 11 markets…). Da Lat can be considered as the area with the
fastest progress in the country in developing cut flower production
2.3. Application in vitro tissue culture technology to multiplication of
ornamental plants
The ornamental plants (flowers and ornamental plants) industry has been
and is a potentially profitable and profitable industry to countries around the world.
Rapid propagation, pest resistance, unique coloration ... are the leading goals of
this industry. The use of in vitro applications in rapid propagation has met these
goals.
2.3.1 Brief History of Plant Tissue Culture:
About 250 years ago (1756), Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau
demonstrated callus formation on the decorticated regions of elm plants. Many
botanists regard this work as the forward for the discovery of plant tissue culture.
In 1853, Trecul published pictures of callus formation in plants.
German botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902), regarded as the father of plant
tissue culture, first developed the concept of in vitro cell culture. He was the first to
culture isolated and fully differentiated plant cells in a nutrient medium. During
1934-1940, three scientists namely Gautheret, White and Nobecourt largely
contributed to the developments made in plant tissue culture.

6 
 

Good progress and rapid developments occurred after 1940 in plant tissue
culture techniques. Steward and Reinert (1959) first discovered somatic embryo
production in vitro. Maheswari and Guha (1964) from India were the first to
develop anther culture and poller culture for the production of haploid plants
(Thorpe, 2007).
The micropropagation process is a complex process, divided into 3 main
groups of methods:
1. Meristem-tip culture
Method of propagation using very small shoot-tip parts including single
apical meristem and young leaf primordia to immediately extend the shoot
elongation. This type of culture was first used to clean virus in plants. If the
meristem tip that cannot survive and roots independently, it can be replaced with
micrografting.
The typical success in this approach is the propagation of monocot plants
such as orchids, pineapples, tuberose and bananas (protocorm or shoot clusters)...
or dicotyledon plants such as potatoes, tomatoes and daisies…(Saeed et al 1997).
2. Axillary shoot proliferation
This type of culture uses shoots of lateral and apical growth points where
elongation of terminal shoot is inhibited and axillary shoot production is
accelerated. This control allows for the rapid multiplication of microshoots shoots,
which can be separated and rooted in vitro to form plants in vitro (Boxus, 1999).
This

method

is

often

applied

to

dicotyledon

objects

such

as

chrysanthemums, tomatoes, tobacco ...
3. Adventitious shoot induction
This type of culture allows indeterminate shoots to form either directly on
the specimen or indirectly from callus tissue, which forms on the surface of the
specimen cut. This culture system has similar requirements to apical meristem
7 
 


culture, it differs only from the sample source and the indeterminate origin of the
new shoots ( Espinosa et al, 2006).
Several types of specimens are used such as stem (tobacco, orange, lemon,
tomato, cabbage), leaf flakes (tobacco, tomato, cabbage, coffee, cocoa), petiole
(narcissus), flower parts (cauliflower, wheat, tobacco), tubers (onions, gladiolus,
narcissus), sprouts (asparagus) ...
2.3.2 Factors affect to micropropagation
A. Medium

Today, there are many different culture media that scientists find and use.
Depending on the purpose of culture and each type of plant, different types of
media are used. For example, culture of callus tissue, culture of cell suspension,
anther, ... Media such as MS (1962), B5 (1968), SH (1972) and White (1963) are
common background media used for tissue culture. In this thesis, I use MS medium
(1962) to culture Philodedron Florida (Saad & Elshahed, 2012).
In the process of plant cell tissue culture, sugar is one of the important
sources of carbon in the process of helping cell division and growth of biomass.
Saccharose is the most common carbohydrate found in tree sap and bark, and that
is why saccharose is often added to the culture medium as a source of carbon for
plant growth and development.
The mineral elements macronutrients and trace elements have also been
studied a long time ago by Murashige and Skoog (1962) who have shown that
these mineral components are indispensable in the growth and development of
plants. The macronutrients to be added include Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Calcium, Magnesium and Iron. The trace elements are less studied than
macronutrients, but scientists still find some trace elements to add to the
environment including substances such as manganese, zinc, copper, and boron
(George et al, 2008).
8 
 


Vitamins are essential micronutrients that are synthesized by plants during
their growth and development. Therefore, when in vitro culture, it is impossible not
to add vitamins to the culture medium. The vitamins that are added to the
environment include: Thyamine (B1), Nicotinic Acid, Pyridoxine (B6) and Myoinositol (Abrahamian & Kantharajah, 2011).
B. Growth regulators.
In addition to providing plant nutrients during culture, the addition of growth
regulators (auxin or cytokinin) is essential. Depending on the culture organ, the

purpose of culture differs to the addition of different growth regulators.
Plant growth regulators are divided into the following main groups:
1 The Auxin Group
Auxins are a group of plant growth regulators that are used regularly and
continuously in the plant cell culture process. Other components in the substrate
link with Auxin to form an environment full of nutrients to stimulate the growth of
tissue cells, regulate morphogenesis. The common feature of all existing auxins is
the ability to divide cells. Thus, auxin can influence the initiation of cell division.
The auxin group hormones have specific effects such as: Growth of stem length,
light direction, apical dominance, root formation and vascular differentiation.
Auxins can be dissolved in ethanol or dilute soda (Su et al. 2011).
The different types of auxins and concentrations used in culture media
depend on the following factors:
The amount of Auxin available in the endogenous process of plant samples
needs to be studied.
The type of growth and development needs attention.
The ability to synthesize natural Auxin of that plant.
The link between exogenous auxin and exogenous Auxin.
Properties of that type of Auxin (Kuma et al. 2016) .
9 
 


2.Group Cytokinin
Cytokinins (also known as adenine derivatives) are hormones involved
mainly in cell division, alteration of apical dominance and shoot differentiation
during tissue culture. 6-Benzylaminpurine (BAP) or 6-Benzyladenin (BA), N-(2furfyrylamino) -1-H-purine-6-amine (kinetin), Thidiazuron (TDZ) are the most
commonly used cytokines in culture. tissue. These substances are dissolved in
dilute NaOH solution. Particularly, 2,4-D dissolved in 0.1M NaOH solution or
water.

Main functions of Cytokinin:
Stimulates cell division, weakens apical dominance, makes branching a lot
Stimulate bud development in tissue culture
Stimulate axillary buds to develop and prevent overgrowth
Increase the area of the leaf blades
Shoots shoot uncertainty when the concentration of Cytokinin is high
Inhibition of root formation, inhibition of shoot elongation and inhibition of
leaf cell ageing (Gaba, 2005)
The balance of the ratio between auxin (root differentiation) and xytokinin
(shoot differentiation) is crucial in the morphogenesis of the in vitro culture as well
as in intact plants. If the ratio of auxin is higher than xytokinin, it stimulates
rooting, while a higher ratio of xytokinin than that of auxin stimulates the
emergence and development of shoots. To increase the propagation coefficient, the
concentration of xytokinin in the culture medium is increased at the stage of in
vitro shoot generation (Su et al. 2011).
2.4. Overview of the Araceae family tissue culture in the world and in
Vietnam
2.4.1 In the world

10 
 


In

2000,

Sai et

al

conducted

the

study

with

Typhonium

flagelliforme (Lodd) blume and the results showed that the best medium for
maximizing shoot number combined with normal complete plantlets from each bud
was MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg l−1 (1.33 μM) BA and 0.5 mg
l−1 (2.46 μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The best acclimatization process was to
transfer the normal plantlets, with all the leaves removed, into sand plus coconut
husks substrate (1∶1) and placed in intermittent water mists house or shaded plant
house with 50% light exclusion (Sai et al, 2000).
Jahan et al published the study in vitro clonal propagation of Anthurium
andraeanum. The results showed that multiple shoot regeneration was observed is
on MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. Best root development was obtained in half
strength MS containing 1.0 mg/l IBA (Jahan et al, 2009) .
Li et al using the stems of Monstera deliciosa as explants,the tissue culture
and plant regeneration technology was studied. The results showed that the
optimum medium for shoot induction was 1/2MS+ BA 2.0 mg.L-1 +NAA 0.7
mg.L-1.The appropriate medium for shoot multiplication was 1/2MS+BA 1.2 mg.L1

+NAA 1.1 mg.L-1+KT 0.3 mg.L-1 mg.,in which the propagation coefficient

reached 4.6.The rooting medium for plantlets in vitro was 1/2MS+ NAA1.0 mg.L-1

+0.1%A C with the best rooting effect,and the rooting rate reached 96%.( Li et al,
2009).
Han et al have found the optimum medium for the tissue culture of Monstera
deliciosa and to establish mature tissue culture technology. Their method is use
axillary generated after Monstera deliciosa adult stem cuttings as explants to
culture in vitro to find out the inducing medium,multiplication medium and carry
out rooting culture.[Result] The optimum medium for Monstera deliciosa induction
was MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+ZT 0.5+NAA 0.1.The appropriate medium for

11 
 


multiplication and the rooting were MS+BA 3.0+ZT 0.3+NAA 0.1 and
1/2MS+IBA 0.5+ NAA 0.2, respectively. ( Han et al., 2010).
2.4.2 In Vietnam.
Currently, as in Vietnam, there is no specific and published study on fast
multiplication of Philodendron Florida by in vitro tissue culture method, but only
studies on plants of the same family are Araceae.
Researchers Pham Thi Thu Hang et al (2013) have established protocol for
in vitro multiplication of Philodendrom xanadu. MS medium supplemented with
4.0 mg/lmg/l BA was optimal for shoot multiplication. Addition of IAA or IBA in
MS medium that containing 4.0 mg/l BA did not increase multiplication rate. 1g/l
activated charcoal added MS medium was appropriate for root induction in terms
of root number per shoot and average length of root after four weeks culture.
Survival percentage of plantlets on substrates mixture of coconut fiber and burnt
rice husk (1:1)(12) is the best(Pham Thi Thu Hang et al,2013).
Tran Thi Ngoc Lan and Tran Thi Hoan Anh also published a study on
Anthurium Andraeanum micropropagation in 2017. The material in this study is
brown young leaves two thirds in length than mature leaves. Research results show

that the best regeneration of callus in the medium ½ MS supplemented with 0.2 mg
/ l 2.4D and 1.5 mg / l BA (77.33%). The best shoot formation was obtained in red
monolith in the medium ½ MS supplemented with 0.1 mg / l of 2.4D and MS
supplement with 30g / l sucrose, 1.5g / l BA, 1g / l CH and 8g / l agar with an
average shoot height of 2.5 cm. Finally, the best rooting medium in the study was
½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg / l α-NAA and 1g / l activated charcoal.

12 
 


PART III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Research materials
Research object: in vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida at Vietnam
National University of Agriculture.
3.2. Location and time of study
- Location: Department of Plants - Faculty of Biotechnology - Vietnam
national university of Agriculture.
- Time: From February, 2021 to September, 2021.
3.3. Content and research method
3.3.1 Studying the effect of substances micropropagation of the Philodendron
Florida.
Experiment 1. Effect of BA concentration on micropropagation of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots
Treatment

BA concentration( mg/l)

Control

0

T1

0.5

T2

1

T3

0.5 + 0.2 mg/l α_NAA

T4

1 + 0.5 mg/l α_NAA

Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6,5 g/l agar (+ pH =5.8)

13 
 


Experiment 2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in
vitro- Philodendron Florida shoots
Treatment

Kinetin concentration (mg/l)

Control

0

T1

0.5

T2

1

T3

0.5 + 0.2 mg/l α_NAA

T4

1 + 0.5 mg/l α_NAA
Culture medium: MS + 30 g/ l sucrose + 6.5 g/ l agar (pH = 5.8)

Experiment 3. Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in
vitro- Philodendron Florida shoots
Treatment

Yam bean extract concentration
(mg/l)

Control

0

T1

20

T2

40

T3

60

T4

80

Culture medium: MS + 1.5 mg / l BA + 30 g / l sucrose + 6.5 g / l agar (pH = 5.8)

14 
 


Experiment 4. Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro
Philodendron Florida shoots
Treatment

MS concentration (mg/l)

Control

1

T1

0.25

T2

0.5
Culture medium: MS + 30 g/ l sucrose + 6.5 g/ l agar (pH = 5.8)

Experiment 5. Effect of IBA on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron
Florida shoots
Treatment

IBA concentration (mg/l)

Control

0

T1

0.1

T2

0.3

T3

0.5

T4

1
5

Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8)

Experiment 6. Effect of combination 0.1 mg/l α-NAA + IAA on the rooting of
in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots
Treatment

Combination concentration (g/l)

Control

0

T1

0.1 IAA

T2

0.2 IAA

T3

0.3 IAA
15