Micropropagation of monstera deliciosa (khóa luận tốt nghiệp)

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

GRADUATION THESIS
Micropropagation of Monstera deliciosa

Student

:

VU THANH BAC

Supervivor

:

Dr. Dang Thi Thanh Tam

ID

:

610700

Class

:

K61CNSHE

Hanoi - 2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the process of studying, researching and completing the thesis, I
have received the help of many individuals.
First of all, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Dang Thi Thanh
Tam for her guidance throughout the course of this study.
I would like to thank the teachers in the Department of Plants - Faculty of
Biotechnology for creating the best conditions to me to implement the topic.
I would like to thank for the help of all my friend during the study period.

Hanoi ………………
Student

Vu Thanh Bac

i


COMMITMENT
This thesis is composed of my original works, and contains no material
previously published or written by another person.
I also declare that all the help to complete this thesis has been thanks.

Hanoi ………………
Student

Vu Thanh Bac

iii

CONTENS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................I
COMMITMENT ................................................................................................... ii
CONTENS ...........................................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................... vii
ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................viii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ IX
Part I: Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Purpose ........................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Requirement .................................................................................................... 1
1.4 The meaning of the thesis thoughts in learning and scientific research ......... 2
Part II: Literature Review ..................................................................................... 3
2.1 Introduction to the Monstera deliciosa........................................................... 3
2.1.1 Origination ................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Classification................................................................................................ 3
2.1.3 Botanical characteristics .............................................................................. 3
2.1.4 Cultural Conditions: ..................................................................................... 4
2.2 The economic value of the above flower production industry the world
and in Vietnam............................................................................................ 4
2.2.1. World production of flowers and ornamental plants .................................. 4
2.3.Application in vitro tissue culture technology to multiplication of
ornamental plants........................................................................................ 6
2.3.1 Brief History of Plant Tissue Culture: ......................................................... 6
2.3.2 Factors affect to micropropagation .............................................................. 8

iiii


2.4. Overview of the Araceae family tissue culture in the world and in
Vietnam .................................................................................................... 10
2.4.1 In the world ................................................................................................ 10
2.4.2 In Vietnam . ............................................................................................... 11
Part III. MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................... 13
3.1 Research materials ........................................................................................ 13
3.2. Location and time of study .......................................................................... 13
3.3. Content and research method....................................................................... 13
3.3.1 Studying the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Monstera
deliciosa. ................................................................................................... 13
MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.5 g/l agar (pH = 5.8) .................................................... 15
3.3.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Monstera deliciosa rooting ....... 15
Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8) .......................... 15
3.4 Method .......................................................................................................... 16
3.5. Observed indicators ..................................................................................... 16
Part IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONs.......................................................... 17
4.1. Study on the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Monstera
deliciosa .................................................................................................... 17
4.1.1 Testing the Eeffect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the... 17
in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots ..................................................................... 17
4.1.2. Studying the effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication ..... 19
of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots ........................................................... 19
4.1.3 Effect of combination BA and IAA or α-NAA on the shoot
multiplication of the in vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots ......................... 21
4.1.4 Effect of coconut water on the shoot multiplication................................. 23
4.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Monstera deliciosa rooting .......... 24
4.2.1 Effect of activated charcoal (AC) on the rooting of shoot ....................... 26

Part 5.Conclusion ................................................................................................ 28
ivi


5.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Suggestions ................................................................................................... 28
REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 29
Addendum ........................................................................................................... 31

vv


LIST OF TABLE
Experiment 1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in
vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots ............................................................... 13
Experiment 2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the
in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots ........................................................... 14
Experiment 3. Effect of combination BA + IAA / α-NAA on shoot
multiplication of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots ......................... 14
Experiment 4. Effect of coconut water on shoot development of the in vitroMonstera deliciosa shoots ........................................................................ 15
Experiment 5. Effect of α-NAA on the root induction of in vitro Monstera
deliciosa shoots ......................................................................................... 15
Experiment 6. Effect of activated charcoal( AC) on the rooting of in vitro
Monstera deliciosa shoots ........................................................................ 15
Table 4.1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro
Monstera deliciosa shoots ........................................................................ 18
Table 4.2.Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in
vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots................................................................ 20
Table 4.3.Effect of combination BA and IAA or α-NAA on in vitro shoots
of Monstera deliciosa ............................................................................... 21

Table 4.4.Effect of coconut water on in vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa .... 23
Table 4.5. Effect of α-NAA on the rooting of shoots of Monstera deliciosa..... 25
Table 4.6. Effect of AC on the rooting of shoots of Monstera deliciosa ........... 26

viv


LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4.1. In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after 4 weeks of
culture

on

MS

medium

supplemented

with

different

BA

concentrations. .......................................................................................... 18
Figure 4.2. In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa after 4 weeks of culture on
MS medium supplemented with different kinetin concentrations. .......... 20
Figure 4.3. In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa after 4 weeks of culture
on MS medium supplemented with

BA and different IAA or α-

NAA concentration. ................................................................................ 22
Figure 4.4. In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after 4 weeks of
culture on MS medium supplemented with different coconut water
concentrations. .......................................................................................... 24
Figure 4.5. In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa after 4 weeks of culture
on MS medium supplemented with different α-NAA concentrations. ... 25
Figure 4.6. In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after 4 weeks of
culture on MS medium supplemented with

different AC

concentrations. .......................................................................................... 27

viiv


ABBREVIATIONS
BAP

:

6-Benzylaininopurine

2.4-D

:

2.4-Dhichorophenoxy acetic acid

α-NAA :

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

MS

:

Murashige & Skoog

Mg

: Milligram

Mg/1

: Milligram per liter

g

:

Gram

IAA

:

Indole-3-acetic acid

C

:

Control

T

:

Treatment

viiiv


SUMMARY
Studies of micro propagation of Monstera deliciosa
A rapid and efficient micro propagation method was established for
Monstera deliciosa. Shoots were cultured on MS medium containing benzyl
adenine (BA), kinetin (K). The results showed that MS medium supplemented
with 1mg/l BA was optimal for shoot multiplication. The combination of
cytokinin (BA) and auxin (IAA, α-NAA) on the shoot multiplication of
Monstera deliciosa did not increase the multiplication rate. α-NAA and
activated charcoal had a positive impact on root induction for in vitro shoots.
After four weeks of culture, the results showed that MS medium supplemented
with 2mg/l activated charcoal was optimal for root induction in terms of root
number per shoot and an average length of the root. MS medium supplemented
with 0.5mg / l activated carbon was the earliest rooting medium.

ixi


PART I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Monstera deliciosa is a tree of the family Araceae originating from tropical
America south of Mexico to Panama, they often grow in dark places of the
jungle. The South American betel tree has an English name of Monstera
Deliciosa. Its leaves have wing-shaped grooves and circular spots. "Monstera"
comes from the Latin "monumum" meaning "monster" (Liebmann, 1849).
Monstera is a very popular species in the market of bonsai. This plant is
native to the Americas, so it is very suitable for planting in the South of our
country. It has an eye-catching green color, special foliage shape, rarely
encounters pests and diseases, so it is very easy to care for. It can be propagated
by taking cuttings of a mature plant or by air layering but requires a long time
and the propagation coefficient is not high.
Today, the application of plant cell culture has become popular. Tissue
culture can produce high quality, disease-free crops with a large multiplier
factor in a short time, which can meet the market demand. Recognizing this
problem, we conducted the topic: " Micropropagation of Monstera deliciosa".
1.2. Purpose
Studying the process of micropropagation of Monstera deliciosa
1.3 Requirement
Testing the effect of different cytokinins concentration on shoot
multiplication.
Testing the effect of different auxin concentration and activated charcoal
on the rooting step.

11

1.4 The meaning of the thesis thoughts in learning and scientific research
The research results of the topic provide optimal bud multiplication and
rooting environment for later research.
Learn how to conduct scientific research, analyze data and present a
report.

22


PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction to the Monstera deliciosa
2.1.1 Origination
Monstera deliciosa is a species of flowering plant native to tropical
forests of southern Mexico, south to Panama. It has been introduced to many
tropical areas and has become a mildly invasive species in Hawaii, Seychelles,
Ascension Island, and the Society Islands.
2.1.2 Classification
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum:

Tracheophytes

Classis:

Monocots

Ordo:

Alismatales

Family:

Araceae

Genus:

Monstera

Species:

M. deliciosa

2.1.3 Botanical characteristics
Leaves are gigantic, up to 1 foot or more, dark green, glossy, long
petiolate, coriaceous, perforated with several holes throughout the blade, some
extending to margin and splitting margin to appear deeply lobed to pinnatifid.
The inflorescence is a spadix and spathe, yellowish white spadix 10 to
15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) high and about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter. Flowers are self
pollinating. Rarely flowers as a house plant.
The fruit of Monstera deliciosa is up to 25 cm (10 in) long and 3–5 cm
(1.2–2.0 in) diameter, and it looks like a green ear of maize covered with
hexagonal scales. It takes longer than a year for fruits to reach maturity. As the
fruit ripens, these scales or platelets fall off the fruit, releasing a strong and

33

sweet scent. The smell has been compared to a combination of pineapples and
bananas (Peppard & Terry, 1992). The fruit is edible and safe for humans.
2.1.4 Cultural Conditions:
-Light: is a high-class interior tree that prefers half shade, should avoid
harsh light, and should not leave the tree in the shade for too long
-Temperature: Sawn-leaf betel is a durable interior tree that can grow and
develop well in temperatures from 18-30 degrees.
-Water and moisture: Betel nut is a humid plant, so it is advisable to
water the plants daily, but pay attention to ensure the soil environment is clear
and not flooded.
-Soil and nutrition: Monstera grows well in the soil environment with
sandy humus, good water permeability. Can combine more NPK fertilization for
better plant growth.
-One outstanding feature of the monster is that it is rarely found to be a
pest or fungus. So just ensuring the above- mentioned living conditions can help
plants stay green in the long run.
2.2. The economic value of the above flower production industry the world
and in Vietnam
2.2.1. World production of flowers and ornamental plants
Today, the flower and ornamental plant industry are one of the most
profitable industries in developed and developing countries. The production
scale of this industry grows rapidly at a rate of 10% per year. In the world today,
more than 50 countries have actively produced flowers and ornamental plants
on an industrial scale.
Global Floriculture Production Statistics:
The Asia-Pacific region has more than two-thirds of the world’s acreage.
China with 40% and India with 15% have a majority in the world acreage of
flowers and plants. Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand are other major flower44

producing countries in this region. The European Union (EU) represents a 12%
share of the world’s area of flowers. The area of flowers in Africa is small with
a 1.4% share. Kenya is the largest African grower. The European Union and
Mexico are among the most important world producers (Salachna et al, 2017).
2.2.2. Flower production in Vietnam
According to Bao Dien Tu Dang Cong San Viet Nam ( 2016), statistics of
the Department of Crop Production show that in 2014, the whole country had
about 22,671.9 ha of flower growing area, of which there was 9,237.6 ha in the
North, 13,434.3 ha in the South. The acreage of ornamental trees and mangrove
trees in the North is nearly twice as high as in the Southern provinces (8,172.4
and 4,133.8 ha). The average income of flowers and ornamental plants
nationwide in 2014 was 285 million VND/ha/year.
Vietnam in general and the North, in particular, have many advantages to
develop ornamental plants. The Northern Midlands and Mountains and the
North Central region still have a lot of lands to develop this field with the
advantages of a cool high mountain climate all year round suitable for many
species of flowers and high class flowers. Especially in Moc Chau - Son La,
Dien Bien, Lai Chau, there are conditions to form farms, enterprises producing
industrial flowers for domestic consumption and export.
High technology application: It has been significantly improved, such as
changing seed structure, tissue culture, advanced cultivation and protection
techniques; application of grid-house technology with shading roof ... However,
this change occurs unevenly between production regions for many reasons
(weather, intensive farming level, investment capacity, access to advanced
technology and 11 markets…). Da Lat can be considered as the area with the
fastest progress in the country in developing cut flower production

55

2.3. Application in vitro tissue culture technology to the multiplication of
ornamental plants
The ornamental plants (flowers and ornamental plants) industry has been
and is a potentially profitable and profitable industry to countries around the
world. Rapid propagation, pest resistance, unique coloration ... are the leading
goals of this industry. The use of in vitro applications in rapid propagation has
met these goals.
2.3.1 Brief History of Plant Tissue Culture:
About 250 years ago (1756), Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau
demonstrated callus formation on the decorticated regions of elm plants. Many
botanists regard this work as the forward for the discovery of plant tissue culture.
In 1853, Trecul published pictures of callus formation in plants.
German botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902), regarded as the father of
plant tissue culture, first developed the concept of in vitro cell culture. He was
the first to culture isolated and fully differentiated plant cells in a nutrient
medium. During 1934-1940, three scientists namely Gautheret, White, and
Nobecourt largely contributed to the developments made in plant tissue culture.
Good progress and rapid developments occurred after 1940 in plant tissue
culture techniques. Steward and Reinert (1959) first discovered somatic embryo
production in vitro. Maheswari and Guha (1964) from India were the first to
develop anther culture and poller culture for the production of haploid plants
(Thorpe, 2007).
The micropropagation process is a complex process, divided into 3 main
groups of methods:
1. Meristem-tip culture
Method of propagation using very small shoot-tip parts including single
apical meristem and young leaf primordia to immediately extend the shoot
elongation. This type of culture was first used to clean viruses in plants. If the
66

meristem tip cannot survive and roots independently, it can be replaced with
micrografting.
The typical success in this approach is the propagation of monocot plants
such as orchids, pineapples, tuberose, and bananas (protocorm or shoot
clusters)...

or

dicotyledon

plants

such

as

potatoes,

tomatoes,

and

daisies…(Saeed et al 1997).
2. Axillary shoot proliferation
This type of culture uses shoots of lateral and apical growth points where
elongation of the terminal shoot is inhibited and axillary shoot production is
accelerated. This control allows for the rapid multiplication of microshoots
shoots, which can be separated and rooted in vitro to form plants in vitro
( Boxus, 1999).

This method is often applied to dicotyledon objects such as
chrysanthemums, tomatoes, tobacco ...
3. Adventitious shoot induction
This type of culture allows indeterminate shoots to form either directly on
the specimen or indirectly from callus tissue, which forms on the surface of the
specimen cut. This culture system has similar requirements to apical meristem
culture, it differs only from the sample source and the indeterminate origin of
the new shoots ( Espinosa et al, 2006).
Several types of specimens are used such as stem (tobacco, orange,
lemon, tomato, cabbage), leaf flakes (tobacco, tomato, cabbage, coffee, cocoa),
petiole (narcissus), flower parts (cauliflower, wheat, tobacco), tubers (onions,
gladiolus, narcissus), sprouts (asparagus)...

77


2.3.2 Factors affect to micropropagation
A. Medium
Today, there are many different culture media that scientists find and use.
Depending on the purpose of culture and each type of plant, different types of
media are used. For example, the culture of callus tissue, a culture of cell
suspension, anther... Media such as MS (1962), B5 (1968), SH (1972), and
White (1963) are common background media used for tissue culture. In this
thesis, I use MS medium (1962) to culture Monstera deliciosa (Saad &
Elshahed, 2012).
In the process of plant cell tissue culture, sugar is one of the important
sources of carbon in the process of helping cell division and growth of biomass.
Saccharose is the most common carbohydrate found in tree sap and bark, and
that is why saccharose is often added to the culture medium as a source of
carbon for plant growth and development.

The mineral elements macronutrients and trace elements have also been
studied a long time ago by Murashige and Skoog (1962) who have shown that
these mineral components are indispensable in the growth and development of
plants. The macronutrients to be added include Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Iron. The trace elements are less studied
than macronutrients, but scientists still find some trace elements to add to the
environment including substances such as manganese, zinc, copper, and boron
( George et al, 2008).
Vitamins are essential micronutrients that are synthesized by plants
during their growth and development. Therefore, when in vitro culture, it is
impossible not to add vitamins to the culture medium. The vitamins that are
added to the environment include Thiamine (B1), Nicotinic Acid, Pyridoxine
(B6), and

Myo-inositol ( Abrahamian & Kantharajah, 2011).

88


B. Growth regulators.
In addition to providing plant nutrients during culture, the addition of
growth regulators (auxin or cytokinin) is essential. Depending on the culture
organ, the purpose of culture differs to the addition of different growth
regulators.
Plant growth regulators are divided into the following main groups:
1 The Auxin Group
Auxins are a group of plant growth regulators that are use regularly and
continuously in the plant cell culture process. Other components in the substrate
link with Auxin to form an environment full of nutrients to stimulate the growth
of tissue cell, regulate morphogenesis. The common feature of all existing

auxins is the ability to divide cells. Thus, auxin can influence the initiation of
cell division. The auxin group hormones have specific effects such as Growth of
stem length, light direction, apical dominance, root formation, and vascular
differentiation. Auxins can be dissolved in ethanol or dilute soda (Su et
al. 2011).
The different types of auxins and concentrations used in culture media
depend on the following factors:
The amount of Auxin available in the endogenous process of plant
samples needs to be studied.
The type of growth and development needs attention.
The ability to synthesize natural Auxin of that plant.
The link between exogenous auxin and exogenous Auxin.
Properties of that type of Auxin (Kuma et al. 2016).
2. Group Cytokinin
Cytokinins (also known as adenine derivatives) are hormones involved
mainly in cell division, alteration of apical dominance, and shoot differentiation
during tissue culture. 6-Benzylaminpurine (BAP) or 6-Benzyladenin (BA), N99


(2-furfyrylamino) -1-H-purine-6-amine (kinetin), Thidiazuron (TDZ) are the
most commonly used cytokines in culture tissue. These substances are dissolved
in a dilute NaOH solution. Particularly, 2.4-D dissolved in 0.1M NaOH solution
or water.
Main functions of Cytokinin:
Stimulates cell division, weakens apical dominance, makes branching a lot
Stimulate bud development in tissue culture
Stimulate axillary buds to develop and prevent overgrowth
Increase the area of the leaf blades
Shoots shoot uncertainty when the concentration of Cytokinin is high
Inhibition of root formation, inhibition of shoot elongation, and

inhibition of leaf cell ageing (Gaba, 2005)
The balance of the ratio between auxin (root differentiation) and
cytokinin (shoot differentiation) is crucial in the morphogenesis of the in vitro
culture as well as in intact plants. If the ratio of auxin is higher than cytokinin, it
stimulates rooting, while a higher ratio of cytokinin than that of auxin stimulates
the emergence and development of shoots. To increase the propagation
coefficient, the concentration of cytokinin in the culture medium is increased at
the stage of in vitro shoot generation (Su et al. 2011).
2.4. Overview of the Araceae family tissue culture in the world and in
Vietnam
2.4.1. In the world
In

2000,

Sai et

al

conducted

the

study

with

Typhonium

flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume and the results showed that the best medium for

maximizing shoot number combined with normal complete plantlets from each
bud was MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg l−1 (1.33 μM) BA and 0.5 mg
l−1 (2.46 μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The best acclimatization process
was to transfer the normal plantlets, with all the leaves removed, into sand plus
101


coconut husks substrate (1∶1) and placed in intermittent water mists house or
shaded plant house with 50% light exclusion (Sai et al, 2000).
Jahan et al published the study in vitro clonal propagation of Anthurium
andraeanum. The results showed that multiple shoot regeneration was observed
is on MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. Best root development was obtained in
half- strength MS containing 1.0 mg/l IBA (Jahan et al, 2009).
Li et al using the stems of Monstera deliciosa as explants, the tissue
culture, and plant regeneration technology were studied. The results showed that
the optimum medium for shoot induction was 1/2MS+ BA 2.0 mg.L-1 +NAA
0.7 mg.L-1. The appropriate medium for shoot multiplication was 1/2MS+BA
1.2 mg.L-1+NAA 1.1 mg.L-1+KT 0.3 mg.L-1 mg in which the propagation
coefficient reached 4.6. The rooting medium for plantlets in vitro was 1/2MS+
NAA1.0 mg.L-1 +0.1%A C with the best rooting effect, and the rooting rate
reached 96%. (Li et al, 2009).
Han et al have found the optimum medium for the tissue culture of
Monstera deliciosa and to establish mature tissue culture technology. Their
method is to use axillary generated after Monstera deliciosa adult stem cuttings
as explants to culture in vitro to find out the inducing medium, multiplication
medium, and carry out rooting culture.[Result] The optimum medium for
Monstera deliciosa induction was MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+ZT 0.5+NAA 0.1. The
appropriate medium for multiplication and the rooting were MS+BA 3.0+ZT
0.3+NAA 0.1 and 1/2MS+IBA 0.5+ NAA 0.2, respectively. ( Han et al., 2010).
2.4.2 In Vietnam

Currently, as in Vietnam, there is no specific and published study on fast
multiplication of Monstera deliciosa by in vitro tissue culture method, but only
studies on plants of the same family are Araceae.
Researchers Pham Thi Thu Hang et al (2013) have established a protocol
for in vitro multiplication of Philodendron Xanadu. MS medium supplemented
111


with 4.0 mg/lmg/l BA was optimal for shoot multiplication. The addition of
IAA or IBA in MS medium that containing 4.0 mg/l BA did not increase the
multiplication rate. 1g/l activated charcoal added MS medium was appropriate
for root induction in terms of root number per shoot and an average length of
root after four weeks culture. The survival percentage of plantlets on a
substrates mixture of coconut fiber and burnt rice husk (1:1)(12) is the best
(Pham Thi Thu Hang et al, 2013).
Tran Thi Ngoc Lan and Tran Thi Hoan Anh also published a study on
Anthurium Andraeanum micropropagation in 2017. The material in this study is
brown young leaves two thirds in length than mature leaves. Research results
show that the best regeneration of callus in the medium ½ MS supplemented
with 0.2 mg/ l 2.4D and 1.5 mg/ l BA (77.33%). The best shoot formation was
obtained in red monolith in the medium ½ MS supplemented with 0.1 mg/l of
2.4D and is MS supplement with 30g/l sucrose, 1.5g/l BA, 1g/l CH, and 8g/l
agar with an average shoot height of 2.5 cm. Finally, the best rooting medium in
the study was ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l α-NAA and 1g/l
activated charcoal.

121


PART III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Research materials
Research object: in vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa at the Vietnam
National University of Agriculture.
3.2. Location and time of study
- Location: Department of Plants - Faculty of Biotechnology - Vietnam
national university of Agriculture.
- Time: From September 2020 to February 2021.
3.3. Content and research method
3.3.1 Studying the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Monstera
deliciosa.
Experiment 1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in
vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots
Treatment

BA concentration (mg/l)

Control

0

T1

1

T2

1.5

T3

2

T4

2.5

T5

3

Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH =5.8)

131


Experiment 2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of
the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots
Treatment

Kinetin concentration (mg/l)

Control

0

T1

0.5

T2

1

T3

1.5

T4

2

Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.5 g/ l agar (pH= 5.8)
Experiment 3. Effect of combination 1mg/l BA + IAA / α-NAA on shoot
multiplication of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots

IAA concentration

α-NAA concentration

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

Control

0

0

T1

0.1

0

T2

0.15

0

T3

0.2

0

T4

0

0.1

T5

0

0.15

T6

0

0.2

Treatment

Culture medium: MS + 1.5 mg/l BA + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.5 g/l agar (pH = 5.8)

141


Experiment 4. Effect of coconut water on shoot development of the
In vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots
Treatment

coconut water (ml/l)

Control

0

T1

20

T2

40

T3

60

MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.5 g/l agar (pH = 5.8)
3.3.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Monstera deliciosa rooting
Experiment 5. Effect of α-NAA on the root induction of in vitro Monstera
deliciosa shoots
Treatment

α-NAA concentration (mg/l)

Control

0

T1

0.25

T2

0.5

T3

0.75

Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8)
Experiment 6. Effect of activated charcoal (AC) on the rooting of in vitro

Monstera deliciosa shoots
Treatment

AC concentration (g/l)

Control

0

T1

0.5

T2

1

T3

1.5

T4

2

Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8)

151