ielts sample answers writing

SAMPLE ANSWERS FOR SELECTED WRITING TASKS
Useful Tips to Help You Succeed in IELST Essay Writing
1. When writing an essay during your IELTS exam, be sure to check your
essay in terms of the following criteria:
• tense agreement;
• word order;
• vocabulary;
• punctuation;
• structure of the sentences.
2. Though IELST essay writing has a time limit, you should spend some time
(not more than 5-10 minutes) planning your essay. Otherwise, you risk
losing your way while writing and distracting from the topic. It is
inadmissible in IELST essay writing.
3. Be sure to present your ideas in separate paragraphs. IELST essay writing
demands clear expression of your ideas, clear structure of your essay will
make it readable.
4. IELST essay writing establishes a word limit for the essays. You should
observe the word-limit for IELST essay writing, it is a must.
5. Getting ready for an exam, you should search the Internet for sample
topics for IELST essay writing to improve your writing. There are several
large categories IELST essay writing topics belong to:
• Education;
• Society;
• Gender Issues;
• Government, etc.
Practice WRITING TEST 1 TASK 1(Practice test for IELTS)
The diagram shows there has been a remarkable rise in the power output of basic machines during the
past 300 years. The maximum power output of a modem steam turbine is in excess of 1 million kilowatts, in
stark contrast with the 1 kilowatt output from the early steam engines produced just after 1700.
From the beginning of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century there were steady improvements
in the power output of water wheels and steam engines. Around 1850 the water turbine was introduced and

developed rapidly. The power output of water turbines has improved from less than 1,000 kilowatts in 1850 to
more than 100,000 kilowatts in the late 20th century.
The steam turbine was introduced around 1900, and its power output has improved rapidly from a figure of
just over 1,000 kilowatts, i.e. around the point where development of the steam engine stopped. By the late
20th century the maximum power output of steam turbines had increased by a factor of three to over 1 million
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kilowatts.
The most spectacular improvement has been with the internal-combustion engine. From its early days in
the late 19th century and a maximum power output of around 5 kilowatts, by the middle of the 20th century
internal-combustion engines were delivering more than 10,000 kilowatts. The recent development of gas
turbine engines has pushed this figure even higher.

Practice WRITING TEST 2 TASK 1(Practice test for IELTS)
The two graphs show the situation with and without treatment for two types of cancer in women - cancer of
the alimentary tract and lymph sarcoma. Without treatment, the life expectancy for both types of cancer is poor
- fewer than 25% of patients survive for five years after diagnosis.
For cancer of the alimentary tract, treatment can be reasonably effective. Whereas only 35-40% of patients
survive one year after diagnosis without treatment, when treatment is applied about 75% of patients survive
one year, and the survival rate after five years is just under 50%.
For lymph sarcoma, however, treatment can literally be fatal. The survival rate one year after diagnosis is
around 50%, whether treatment is applied or not. However, treatment is shown to have a very negative effect
beyond one year. After five years 25% of untreated patients are still alive, whereas none of the cases studied
who received treatment survived five years after diagnosis.
Practice WRITING TEST 3 TASK 1(Practice test for IELTS)
It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the professions in Malaysia were almost totally
dominated by men. Many key professional people, including jurists, accountants, architects, engineers and
economists, were men, occupying more than 90% of all positions. Architecture and engineering were
particularly male dominated, with only 3% of professionals in those areas women.
Women were only slightly better represented in science and medicine, comprising around 15% of
scientists, mathematicians, doctors and dentists. In education, the proportion of women decreased according

to the level, from around 40% of teachers in primary and secondary schools to under 25% of teachers in
universities and higher education.
The only profession where women predominated was in the traditionally female area of nursing, with 99%
of all nurses and midwives being women. The diagram therefore shows a very traditional pattern of male and
female roles in the professions in Malaysia in 1970.
Practice WRITING TEST 4 TASK 1(Practice test for IELTS)
The table shows Australian company profits before tax for the period 1986-90 in four sectors:
Manufacturing, Mining. Retail Trade and Other Industries. Profits were very uneven across these four sectors
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during the four year period.
The most important sector was Manufacturing, where profits nearly doubled from 1986 to 1989 to peak at
$8.6 billion, followed by Mining, where profits reached almost $5 billion in 1989-90, after fluctuating just below
$4 billion for the previous three years. Profits in Retail Trade also grew strongly during the four year period,
doubling to just below $1.4 billion. In Other Industries there was steady growth in profits for three years from
$1.2 billion to almost $1.7 billion, followed by a crash to below $0.4 billion in 1989-90.
The table indicates that the year 1989 was a turning point for the Australian economy. After consistent rises
from 1986 to 1989, profits in Retail Trade levelIed off in 1989-90, while those in Manufacturing and Other
Industries both fell - in Other Industries the fail was particularly sudden, to less than a quarter of their 1989
level. Only Mining, where profits had been steady during 1986-89, showed a significant rise in profits in 1989-
90.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 5 TASK 1(Practice test for IELTS)
It is commonly said that men and women see things differently. The information in Table 1 tends to support
this view, as the perceptions of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and their spouses or partners show significant
differences on a number of issues.
The three main sources of stress as far as CEOs were concerned were: time pressures and deadlines
(52%), the demands of work on private life (48%) and the demands of work on the relationship with the family
(45%). The four main sources of stress nominated by their spouses and partners were: work overload (62%),
long working hours (62%), time pressures and deadlines (60%) and work-related travel (57%). Time pressures
and deadlines are tangible factors that both groups were very aware of. However, spouses tended to be more
specific in identifying work overload, long working hours, and work-related travel as problems, compared to

CEOs who focused on more general "demands of work."
The biggest difference is in the numbers nominating long working hours as a source of stress: 62% of
spouses/partners, compared to only 24% of CEOs. It seems reasonable to assume that most CEOs enjoy their
work, and generally don't mind the long hours, whereas their spouses and partners don't appreciate this
situation at all.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 6 TASK 2(Practice test for IELTS)
It is true that new technologies can create serious social and environmental problems. The question is
whether governments should focus on these problems when they are formulating policies relating to new
technology.
Some people would argue that governments have an important watchdog role to play and that they should
attempt to establish whether a proposed technology is likely to have any harmful effects. This is seen as an
aspect of government looking after the public interest and showing concern for the welfare of its citizens.
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These people would invest government with the power to veto the introduction of certain technologies.
The problem with this approach, however, is that it is very difficult to know in advance what the fulI effects
of any new technology will be. The history of science and technology has many fascinating examples of
unexpected developments. Sometimes a technological advance in one area can lead to a surprising
breakthrough in another, seemingly unrelated area. And one certainly cannot depend on government bureau-
cracies to make accurate assessments about these matters. Another problem is that, where one government
might decide to ban the use of a new technology, another country may well go ahead with its introduction. In
an increasingly competitive global economy the first country may severely disadvantage itself by such an
action.
New technology is essential for a country's economic development. The best approach is to positively
encourage the development of new technologies and to focus on their benefits. Any problems that may arise
can be dealt with after implementation.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 7 TASK 2(Practice test for IELTS)
There are many examples of industrial conflict situations where employees believe it is in their best
interests to go on strike. Some people argue that going on strike is a legitimate and effective way to resolve
industrial disputes. I want to argue, on the contrary, that going on strike is, in most cases, not justified.
Strikes bring with them a number of very negative effects, including loss of production and possible loss of

customers for companies, not to mention loss of wages for the striking employees. In some cases striking
employees also put their own jobs at risk, either directly through possible dismissal by their employer, or
indirectly through weakening the competitive position of the company they work for.
Strikes are an exercise in power, and do not get to the underlying cause of industrial disputes, which is a
conflict of interests between employer and employee. However, both sides must also realize that they need
each other, and must be prepared to negotiate a compromise solution in situations where conflicts arise. It has
been shown in many case studies of strike situations that strikes tend to increase conflict and to hurt both
parties through the economic damage they cause.
There are better ways than going on strike to resolve industrial conflict. Employers should realize that their
employees are an invaluable resource. They should use every avenue to encourage employees to contribute
their ideas to improving the work environment. Employees should realize that they have more to gain by
working constructively with employers than by opposing them. Where communication is encouraged at every
level. relations will be better. and strikes much less likely to occur.
Practice WRITING TEST 8 TASK 2(Practice test for IELTS)
All people should have access to adequate health care. It is difficult to argue against this proposition. In
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theory most people would agree with it. But in practice it is more difficult to find countries where it is actually
true.
Health care systems. such as in the United States. where a large proportion of the population cannot afford
health insurance. are most undesirable in social terms. People are not cared for properly if they suffer a
serious accident or become seriously ill. Yet in the same country the very best in medical services are
available to those with the capacity to pay. Are we at the point where we accept that the life of a rich person is
worth more than that of a poor person?
Governments have a responsibility to provide basic health services to all the population. However,
governments always have limited resources. and they have a responsibility to use these in an efficient and
effective manner. for example. it is difficult to justify governments spending money on expensive medical
procedures such as cancer research, if this diverts resources away from the primary objective of equal access
to health care for all. The argument then turns on what kind of health care system should be supported by
governments.
Preventive health care is one area where government needs to take the lead. Money spent on preventing

disease is more than repaid by money saved in not having to treat that disease at a later time. Public health
programs to eradicate diseases such as typhoid and smallpox are a good example where the benefits flow on
to all people. regardless of income or social status. More recently. government sponsored fluoridation
programs have played a major part in reducing the incidence of tooth decay, with significant improvements in
general health and enormous savings in dental bills for ordinary people.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 9 TASK 2 (Practice test for IELTS)
One feature of improved education systems around the world has been an increase in the period of
compulsory schooling for students. In many developed countries students are now required to stay at school
until they are 15 years of age.
There are quite plausible reasons for opposing this policy. Low income families. for example. may not be
able to afford to keep their children at school and may resent governments imposing this decision on them. In
many developing countries children can bring in much needed income. either by working in family agricultural
activities. or else through paid employment. Compulsory schooling might also be opposed on educational
grounds. Recent studies have shown that compulsory school can be psychologically damaging for students
who are not motivated to learn. They may be more ready to learn later on as adults when their motivation is
stronger.
But there are also strong reasons why students should be obliged to remain at school until a certain age.
first. at a young age students are unlikely to be sufficiently mature to make sensible decisions about their lives.
We should not allow students to make decisions they may later regret. A second reason is that in today's
society, where increasingly high levels of skills and knowledge are required of the work force, early school
leavers will find it very difficult to obtain employment.
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It is my view that schooling should be compulsory until a certain age. Education authorities. however. must
ensure that the education provided is both affordable to families and relevant and interesting to students.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 10 TASK 1 (IELTS practice test now)
In all, the world spends an estimated $US25 billion annually, on civilian space applications.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the trends in the graph below and suggesting
reasons for any major differences in expenditure.
According to the graph, there is considerable variation in spending on civilian space programs around the
world. Argentina, for example, spends virtually nothing while, at the opposite end of the scale, the United

States spends $1500m. The next highest spenders are France, Japan and China spending $1400m, $1300m
and $1200m respectively. Middle range spenders include Germany, Italy, Sweden and Russia, spending in the
$700-$1000m range. Among the lowest spenders are Ireland, Australia, Pakistan and Israel spending under
$100m. The remaining countries spend between $ I 00 and $300m.
Overall, the trends in the table show the wealthy, developed countries as being foremost in space
application spending, while countries classed as developing, or those with very small populations, spend the
least. There are some exceptions, like China, which is developing fast and has obviously made space
technology a priority. Thus the main reasons for the differences may include wealth, size, political and eco-
nomic stability and the chosen priorities of each country. (159 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 11 TASK 2 (IELTS practice test now)
Present a written argument or case to an educated non-specialist audience on the following topic:
Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue to many countries but its
disadvantages should not be overlooked.
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with
examples and relevant evidence.
Faster planes and cheaper flights are making it easier than ever before for people to travel. In most
'developed' societies, visiting exotic places is a sought-after status symbol. The tourism industries of both
developed and developing countries have recognized this fact and are learning to take advantage of it.
There are, however, some problems associated with this new industry. Firstly, there is the increasing crime
rate. Some locals see tourists as easy prey because, not only are they in unfamiliar territory and therefore less
able to take care of themselves, but also they carry visible items of wealth, such as cameras and jewellery
which can be disposed of quickly for a profit.
Another major problem is health. With greater mobility comes greater danger of spreading contagious
diseases around the world. One carrier returning home could easily start an epidemic before their illness was
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diagnosed. Moreover the emergence of many more diseases which resist antibiotics is causing scientists to be
increasingly concerned about this issue.
Also to be considered is the natural environment, which can be seriously threatened by too many visitors.
Australia's Great Barrier Reef, for example, is in danger of being destroyed by tourists and there are plans to
restrict visitors to some of the more delicate coral cays.

These are just three of the reasons why any country should be wary of committing itself to an extensive
tourism development program. (232 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 12(1) TASK 1 ( Prepare for IELTS )
These two pie charts show the differences between two groups of Australians (25 to 34 and 55 to 69 year olds)
in terms of their post-school qualifications.
The first point to note is the huge increase in the number of people with qualifications. The younger group is
more than three times bigger than the older group (347,500 compared to 104,800).
Comparing the two groups, architecture and medicine have experienced a decrease in popularity with younger
graduates; medicine declined by almost 4%. However, the biggest loss was to engineering, which decreased
from 19.27% to 9.35% of the whole.
Some subjects were more popular with the younger age group. The biggest gains in graduate numbers were
made by Science, Maths and Computers which, as a group, have increased by over 8%. Administration has
gained by 4.1%.
To sum up, the graphs show a threefold increase in : the number of graduates. The most noticeable change in
subject percentages is the decrease in the number of engineering graduates.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 13(2) TASK 1 ( Prepare for IELTS )
This diagram shows the sources and concentration levels of nitrogen in the groundwater of a coastal city.
In a natural situation, nitrogen may be oxidized by lightning or fixed by vegetation. Domestic and market
gardens add to the nitrogen in the water table through fertilizer and household liquid wastes. Industries add
nitrogen through leaks from storage tanks and wastewater ponds, and the disposal of waste in landfills may
lead to more nitrogen entering the water table.
The groundwater flows toward the sea and discharges into the ocean in the groundwater discharge zone.
Some nitrogen is taken up by soil particles. The heaviest concentration of nitrogen is shown in the darker
sections on the illustration, and this shows that the heaviest concentration of nitrogen comes from industry,
from household liquid waste, and from landfill. The concentration tends to decrease near the saltwater
interface and between the areas of high concentration of nitrogen which descend from industry and waste
disposal.
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PRACTICE WRITING TEST 14(3) TASK 1 (Prepare for IELTS )
The first graph shows the percentage of people employed in different sectors of the economy in 1992, and the

percentage of GDP which they produced. The main economic sectors are natural resources, industry and
services. The second graph shows movements between 1986 and 1995.
The first graph reveals that although 77.4% of the population worked in nature resources in 1992, they
produced only 19.2% of GDP. However, the 3.6% of the population who worked in industry produced 15.4% of
GDP, and the 15.2% who worked in the service sector produced 58% of GDP.
The second graph shows that services as a percentage of GDP have been falling steadily. In 1986 natural
resources provided more than 25% of GDP, but this declined to less than 20% in 1992, recovered in 1993 but
fell below 20% in 1995. Industry earned less than 10% of GDP in 1986, but rose almost to 20% in 1995.
The two graphs reveal that GDP is earned primarily by the service sector.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 15(4) TASK 1 ( Prepare for IELTS )
The table shows consumer preferences in four different European countries.
In the United Kingdom (UK) and France consumer prefer 34" and narrow shells, in Germany and Sweden 34"
and wide shells. The load capacity varies slightly between 5 and 6 kilos. The preferred spin speed ranges from
850 rpm (Germany), 800 rpm (Sweden), 700 rpm (UK), to 600 rpm (France).
The preferred chum material is enamel in the UK and France, stainless steel in the other countries.
Consumers in every country except the UK prefer front loading to top loading machines. The British and the
Swedes want a water heating system, but this is not so elsewhere.
Each country has a different preference for styling features, the British favoring an inconspicuous appearance,
the Germans requiring a machine which looks indestructible, the French an elegant machine and the Swedes
a strong-looking machine. The final feature, the washing action, sees a division between the UK and France
where consumers prefer an agitator, and the other countries where a tumble action is preferred.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 16(1) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS )
A wide range of medical treatments is available today. Patients may wonder which will be the most effective,
and whether their own mental attitude to the type of treatment might affect its success. This essay will consider
the second of these questions.
Many people visit their doctor or go to hospital with complete trust in the expert care offered by conventional
services. However, some people do not get a satisfactory result. For example, the drugs they are prescribed
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may have unpleasant side-effects. Their initial positive attitude towards their treatment does them little good.
Similarly, those patients who trustfully choose alternative treatments over traditional medicine may find

themselves disillusioned. Less rigorous qualification standards among alternative practitioners may mean that
some healers give ineffective or damaging advice. The result, again, is that a patient who entered treatment
with confidence leaves that treatment disillusioned.
On the other hand, patients may try a style of treatment with some skepticism. A person used to conventional
medicines and drugs may be suspicious of treatments based on diet and lifestyle changes. Yet if they follow
such programs, they may in fact notice improvements in their condition, in spite of their skepticism. Equally, a.
patient opposed to conventional medicine may have an accident and be saved by the effective treatment of
conventional emergency services.
In conclusion, it appears that the mental attitude of the patient is not the most significant factor in determining
the outcome of the treatment. Patients who enter treatment confidently may leave disillusioned while those
who begin treatment skeptical of the results may find themselves surprised with what they have gained.
Patients should seek the advantages which each style of care can offer.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 17(2) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS )
Governments can only provide a limited range of services for citizens. Certain types of service, however, must
be provided by governments, whereas both governments and private groups or individuals can share the
responsibility to provide other services.
A government must provide those services which are essential to a country. These include defence capabi-
lities and social security. Private enterprise and the profit motive should not form part of these essential
services.
On the other hand, some services could be provided by either governments or private groups or both.
Education and health care are examples of such services. A government must provide at least a basic level of
education and health care 'so all citizens can have access to them. Private enterprise, though, could also
provide services in these areas for those who wish to pay for them.
Urban infrastructure is another area where governments and private groups or individuals can share
responsibility. Governments must build and maintain a system of roads, but toll roads can be built and road
maintenance carried out by private contractors. Similarly, other infrastructure, such as water or electricity
supply, can. be operated by private companies.
To sum up, there are some services such as defence and social security which must be provided by
government. Other services, for example water supply or education, could be provided by both government
and private enterprise. Consequently, it is not true to say that a government's role is only to provide some

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services while others should be provided by the private sector. In fact, both government and private groups
can share in the provision of most services.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 18(3) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS )
Computers are now essential in many areas of life modern banking, retail and information exchange among
others. However, this is not true for education. At a simple level some subjects may be better taught using
computers, but to explain important concepts a human teacher is still indispensable.
There are some subjects in which a computer can be used successfully to teach. Elementary mathematics,
elementary language learning, any area which requires a student to memorize basic facts through repetition is
well suited to computer learning. The computer can be programmed to provide an endless number of simple
questions, and as the student answers these questions the facts are learned and reinforced.
However, in the learning and practice of more complex ideas, the computer is not adequate. A computer can
evaluate an answer as right or wrong, but it cannot determine why. It cannot find out why a student is making
mistakes, and then re-present important concepts in a different way so the student will understand. It cannot
determine at what stage in a mathematics problem the student has made an error, it can only indicate that the
final answer is wrong. Tasks involving reasoning cannot be taught by computers, as there are too many
variables for a computer to deal with successfully.
Thus, while computers may be useful as a tool for practising simple skills, they are not an essential feature of
modern education, because they cannot monitor a student's grasp of concepts, nor evaluate a student's
reasoning. Until further developments in computers are made the human teacher will remain indispensable.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 19(4) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS )
The private motor vehicle has given us a freedom our ancestors could only dream about. We can travel swiftly,
and usually safely, over the roads which have been built to accommodate our cars. People can display their
wealth by driving a car which may cost as much as another person's home.
Sadly the car has become a disadvantage as well as a boon. The car pollutes the atmosphere, may be
involved in serious accidents, and by its very numbers blocks roads and chokes cities. How can we reduce its
use?
The car is only desirable if we can use it easily, so we might begin by reducing access to parking spaces in the
cities and simultaneously increasing the quality and availability of public transport. Cars could be banned from
certain parts of the city, thus forcing people to walk or to use public transport.

The expense of buying and running a car can be raised. If the motorist is faced with a high purchase price,
high road tax, high insurance premiums and substantial fines he or she may reconsider the purchase. A
corresponding reduction in the price of public transport would help this financial argument against car
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ownership.
Neither of these arguments will sway the super rich who can afford the status cars, but it would perhaps
encourage them to look at other ways of demonstrating their wealth. However we do it, reducing the number of
cars on the road will reduce the problems of pollution and the congestion which can bring cities to a standstill.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 20(1) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS General )
Over the last few years people in Australia have become more health conscious and are making greater efforts
to stay healthy.
They do this by eating a balanced diet which includes foods from the five food groups (proteins, carbohy-
drates, grains, dairy produce. and fats) with less emphasis on fats and red meats such as steak. In fact many
more Australians are becoming vegetarians in an effort to become healthier.
Exercise is important to Australians. Fitness centers are very popular and offer a wide variety of activities and
facilities, from circuit training and aerobics to lap swimming in heated swimming pools. A lot of people attend
these centers before and after work, or during their lunch break. A number of people also get exercise by
walking or riding bicycles instead of driving or taking public transport Competitive and social sporting activities
are also popular forms of exercise.
Everyday living can cause stress in peoples' lives which is bad for their health. For this reason people who
want to stay healthy try to reduce stressful situations both at work and at home. To avoid stress in the
workplace some businesses run conflict resolution courses which employees are encouraged to attend.
Making a little time during the day for some personal relaxation provides an opportunity to relieve stress and
thereby stay healthier. Many Australians are also in favour of using alternative forms of medicine and healing
such as massage, acupuncture, aromatherapy and homoeopathy.
Thus, an increased awareness of a healthier lifestyle has led many Australians to alter their dietary and
exercise habits and the type of health care they embrace.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 21(2) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS General )
It would be unwise, indeed foolhardy, to impose the same rules of behaviour on all children in every part of the
world.

Acceptable rules of behaviour can vary greatly from one country, to another, with factors such as age and
family values influencing what is deemed to be acceptable in that particular society. Even the sex of a child
can greatly influence these rules.
A basic factor that must be considered is the age of the child. Theoretically a child is anyone aged zero years
to approximately eighteen. A pre-school child is incapable of making independent decisions and is necessarily
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dependent on his/her family to determine and impose rules of behaviour. As the child's age increases, the
every day rules that were instilled at an early age should become automatic. As a child moves into
adolescence, he/she is often expected and encouraged to negotiate some rules of behaviour with parents and
other adults.
Age is not the only factor that will determine the severity or laxity of rules. A child's level of maturity and
personality will also influence these rules, and even though some rules will be standard in a household where
there is more than one child, a wise parent will allow a certain degree of flexibility with each child.
Whatever the situation, rules of behaviour do need to be imposed on children. In all societies rules are an
integral part of life and if imposed from an early age a child will develop a more disciplined approach to life and
as a result develop into .a well balanced adult able to deal with an ever more complex world.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 22(3) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS General )
Most countries in the world are experiencing difficulties as populations increase and resources become more
scarce. In many ways Australia is a lucky country as it has many resources and so the standard of living is
high. However, even in Australia there are problems.
Firstly in Australia we are not sure of our identity. Should we remember our past and our British heritage or try
to define ourselves as part of Asia? It would be impossible to try to forget our past; however, it is more
important to look to the future. Only through free open debate in newspapers, on television and on radio will
we be able to better understand what we wish to represent.
On the level of the economy there is another big problem for Australia. In order to survive we must do business
with the other countries in our region. Our neighbours are Asian. Most Australians do not speak Asian
languages and so we are at a disadvantage when we try to deal with Asian businesses. If more Asian
languages are offered at school this problem would be minimized.
In religion and culture too there are many differences that can present problems for Australia. What may be
acceptable in one country may not be allowed in another. Only through more contact and communication will

we be able to avoid such misunderstanding.
As I have shown Australia is facing some difficulties but it seems possible that if we listen to each other and
our neighbours we will be able to overcome them
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 23(4) TASK 2 ( Prepare for IELTS General )
Every country, no matter how affluent, has groups of people who live in poverty. Poor people can be described
as those who are lacking in goods and services to the point where their lives become miserable. Examples of
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important goods they may lack are food and shelter. Examples of services are health and education. This
essay will examine some of the main causes of poverty and some possible solutions.
A major cause of poverty has always been war. The recent war in Bosnia saw people evicted from their homes
and deprived of food and shelter, and of services such as hospitals, schools, gas, water and electricity. Media
coverage of the war caused world wide revulsion. The solution to war may be such universal rejection that
world leaders will not consider it as an option.
Some countries have the twin problems of overpopulation and underdevelopment. They simply do not create
enough wealth per capita for their people to escape from poverty. This is changing in many places as countries
take steps to reduce their birthrate and develop their resources. Other countries are facing the scourges of
famine and disease. The only short term solutions for these countries lie in massive aid from the rest of the
world.
This essay has looked briefly at such causes of poverty as war, overpopulation, underdevelopment, famine
and disease. The problems at times appear overwhelming, with no solution. Despite this, much good work is
being done, with more people than ever enjoying a good quality of life. The challenge for the world is to keep
rolling back the frontier of poverty, knowing that it will only be achieved inch by inch.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 24(1) TASK 1 ( IELTS to success )
The two decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in
Freedonia's work force, according to the graphs.
In 1975, for example, some 300000 men and 250000 women worked in the communications sector. Twenty
years later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550000.
A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from
about 550000 in 1975 to almost 800000 two decades later. The number of men in this sector remained stable
over the period, at around 700000.

Women also made gains in both the finance banking industries and in the defence. related public sector.
Whereas some 125000 women worked in finance and banking institutions in 1975, the number increased to
450000 by 1995. The number of men grew only marginally from 425000 to 480000 over the same period. In
defence, the number of men declined from 225000 to 200000, while the number of women rose from 25000 to
over 100000.
Two sectors that retained stable employment numbers for both men and women were manufacturing, which
had about 300 000 women and 650000 men in both surveyed years, and the public sector (non-defence),
which employed 650 000 women and 850000 men.
Thus, women appear to have made gains in the Freedonian work force but not at the expense of men.(243
13
words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 25(2) TASK 1 ( IELTS to success )
Anyone who has visited a dentist has been told that eating excessive amounts of sweets risks harming the
teeth. This is because sweets lower pH levels in the mouth to dangerous levels.
When the pH level in the mouth is kept above 5.5, acidity is such that teeth are unlikely to be in danger of
decay. Sweet foods, however, cause pH in the mouth to drop for a time, and the longer pH levels remain
below 5.5, the greater the opportunity for decay to occur.
By comparing fruit sugar, cane sugar and honey, which are all common ingredients of sweet foods, we find
that cane sugar lowers pH levels for the longest period, thus producing the greatest risk of the three.
Approximately five minutes after consuming cane sugar, pH levels drop to as little as pH 3.5. They then begin
to rise slowly, but do not rise above pH 5.5 until at least 30 minutes have elapsed. By contrast, fruit sugar,
which causes the mouth's acidity to fall to just above pH 4, poses a danger for a shorter period: tooth decay is
unlikely 20 minutes after consumption. Honey appears an even less risky substance. Though acidity falls to
about pH 4.75 within five minutes of consumption, it returns to above pH 5.5 in under fifteen minutes.
The implications, then, are that people who insist on eating sweet foods should be aware of the ingredients,
and that fruit sugar or honey appear preferable to cane sugar. (242 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 26(3) TASK 2 ( IELTS to success )
Mandatory retirement age varies from society to society, perhaps a reflection of economics, population
pressures or simply value systems. Indeed, retirement at 50 can probably be as easily justified as that at 70. It
is my belief, however, that the longer an able person is allowed to work, the better for both the individual

worker and the employer.
Chronological age is not always a true indicator of ability. While some 65.year.olds may not perform as well
as they did in their past, many workers at this age do just as well or better than they used to. People's
suitability for a position should be a reflection of their performance in the job, rather than the number of
wrinkles or grey hairs they have. Employers concerned about the increasing age of their employees need only
observe their work records. Those doing poorly may be asked to retire, but those as yet unaffected by age
should stay on. Indeed, it would appear economical for an organization to retain its older employees when
possible rather than spend time and money on training new workers.
Remaining in one's job for as long as one is able makes sense as life expectancies increase around the
world As people live longer, they are longer able to contribute to society in the form of meaningful work. But
they are also in need of income for a longer period, so a mandatory retirement age of 55 for someone who is
statistically likely to live to 77 becomes increasingly difficult to justify. At a time when populations are ageing,
governments are less able to provide for their senior citizens, so by keeping able workers in paid employment
14
for as long as is practicable, public expenditures are less strained
Thus, workers who can still demonstrate their capacity to carry out their work should not be asked to retire
simply because they have reached a certain age. Societies that insist on early retirement may do well to look
again at their policies.(333 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 27(4) TASK 2 ( IELTS to success )
There is no doubt that going to study in a foreign country, with its different language and culture, can be a
frustrating and sometimes painful experience. But while overseas study has its drawbacks, the difficulties are
far outweighed by the advantages. Indeed, people who go abroad for study open themselves up to
experiences that those who stay at home will never have.
The most obvious advantage to overseas university study is real life use of a different language. While a
person can study a foreign language in his or her own country, it cannot compare with constant use of the
language in academic and everyday life. There is no better opportunity to improve second language skills than
living in the country in which it is spoken. Moreover, having used the language during one's studies offers a
distinct advantage when one is applying for jobs back home that require the language.
On a university campus, the foreign student is not alone in having come from far away. He or she will likely
encounter many others from overseas and it is possible to make friends from all around the world. This is not

only exciting on a social level, but could lead to important overseas contacts in later professional life.
Finally, living and studying abroad offers one a new and different perspective of the world and, perhaps most
important, of one's own country. Once beyond the initial shock of being in a new culture, the student slowly
begins to get a meaningful understanding of the host society. On returning home, one inevitably sees one's
own country in a new, often more appreciative, light.
In conclusion, while any anxiety about going overseas for university study is certainly understandable, it is
important to remember that the benefits offered by the experience make it well worthwhile. (301 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 28(5) TASK 1 ( IELTS to success )
Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products ready for sale.
Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the manufacturing
process. Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly. But assembly first depends upon the production
planning stage, where it is decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create
sufficient quantities of finished goods. The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the
goods' design stage that proceeds from extensive research. After assembly, the products are inspected and
tested to maintain quality control. Those units that pass the inspection and testing stages are then packaged,
15
dispatched and offered for sale in retail outlets. The level of sales, which is the end point of the manufacturing
process, helps determine production planning.
A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing and market
research. If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable problems in the finished
product, then adjustments will have to be made to the product's design. Similarly, market research, which
examines the extent and nature of the demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit
consumer demands that may change with time. Market research, while influenced by product sales, also
serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods.
Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear production process.(246
words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 29(6) TASK 2( IELTS to success )
The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true throughout history. This is not
to say that men are not of importance in child-rearing; indeed, they are most necessary if children are to
appreciate fully the roles of both sexes. But women have proven themselves superior parents as a result of

their conditioning, their less aggressive natures and their generally better communication skills.
From the time they are little girls, females learn about nurturing. First with dolls and later perhaps with
younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of career. Girls see their mothers in the same roles and
so it is natural that they identify this as a female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn competitive roles far removed
from what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventures, girls' conditioning means they tend to see
the future in terms of raising families.
Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men, not women, who prove to be the
aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising children, a more patient, gentle manner is preferable to a
more aggressive one. Although there certainly exist gentle men and aggressive women, by and large, females
are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.
Finally, women tend to be better communicators than men. This is shown in intelligence tests, where
females, on average, do better in verbal communication than males. Of course, communication is of utmost
importance in rearing children, as children tend to learn from and adopt the communication styles of their
parents.
Thus, while it is all very well to suggest a greater role for men in raising children, let us not forget that women
are generally better suited to the parenting role.
(303 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 30(7) TASK 1 ( IELTS to success )
16
Differences in sleep patterns appear to reflect differences in individuals' occupations.
A Canadian study has pointed out, for example, that students typically sleep for a consecutive 8-hour period
each night, from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. This may be because the central activity in their lives, study, takes place in
normal daylight hours. Similarly, business executives sleep consecutive hours, but perhaps because their jobs
are especially busy and stressful they sleep for 6 hours on average, getting up around 5 a.m.
By contrast, truck drivers, probably because of their need to keep their trucks on the road over long periods,
tend to sleep in two 3-hour blocks: one between 7 and 10 a.m. and another from 4 to 7 p.m. Another
occupation associated with broken sleep schedules is that of doctors. They tend to retire to bed around 1 a.m.
and start their day at 7 a.m., but may be woken up to deal with emergencies in the middle of the night. Finally,
full-time mothers, especially those with young children, tend to sleep when their babies do. Typically, they will
sleep from 10 p.m. and be awoken at 1 a.m. to comfort their babies for a couple of hours. They then go back to

bed to wake at 6 a.m.,but nap for two hours or so in the early afternoon.
Thus the influence on one's sleep pattern is worthy of consideration when choosing an occupation.(239
words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 31(8) TASK 2 ( IELTS to success )
The mass media have a powerful influence in shaping our lives. We have come to depend on them for
information and entertainment, and in doing so we let them affect important aspects of our lives.
The undeniable usefulness of the media in almost instantly providing information about events around the
world is largely taken for granted. But in our dependence on the media we have allowed them to mould our
notions and opinions of events, places and people. Though few of us probably think about it, our conceptions
of, say, our elected officials spring from television images and newspaper stories. Most of us will never meet
prime ministers or presidents, but anyone who is regularly exposed to the media will have an opinion of them.
When it is time to cast our vote, we will make our decision based on how the media portray the candidates. We
are similarly swayed by coverage of wars. The media, representing the values of their owners, societies and
governments, tend to report wars with a bias; which is the 'good' side and which the 'bad' is determined for us
by reporters, editors and commentators, and sure enough the public begins to form opinions that reflect the
coverage they see, hear and read in the major media.
The media are also influential in the way they facilitate the spread of culture and lifestyle. The so-called
'global youth culture', in which one finds young people around the world displaying a common interest in
music, clothing styles and films, is an example of the media's enormous sway in this regard. A popular figure
such as Michael Jackson would never be so well known were it not for the media's extensive reach into every
society on the globe.
Thus I would argue that the mass media's influence is certainly great. Indeed, with technological
advancements such as the Internet bringing even more forms of electronic media to our homes and
17
workplaces, it is likely the media's influence will grow even stronger.(333 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 32(9) TASK 1 ( IELTS to success )
A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries, Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire,
in 1994 reflects the great differences that exist between wealthier and poorer nations.
The table shows that Japan and Canada had annual incomes of $15760 and $11100 per person,
respectively. These figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figures of $160 in Peru and

$130 in Zaire.
Health indicators, too, reflected overall levels of affluence in the four nations. Life expectancy at birth, for
example, was higher among the more economically developed countries. Japan reported the highest life
expectancy, 78. This was followed by Canada, 76; Peru, 51; and Zaire, 47. This suggests that richer societies
are able to put more money into health care than poorer ones.
The number of calories consumed daily per person roughly followed the same ranking. Canadians each
consumed some 3326 calories per day while the Japanese took 2846 calories. The corresponding figures for
Peru and Zaire were 1927 and 1749, respectively.
Literacy rates among adults, too, were higher in wealthier countries, no doubt a reflection of ability to invest
in education. Canada and Japan both reported literacy rates of 99 per cent, while Peru claimed 68 per cent.
Zaire, the least economically developed of the four countries, had a literacy rate of 34 per cent.
The data appear to confirm the often cited link between national wealth and health and education standards.
(236 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 33(10) TASK 2 ( IELTS to success )
The spread of telecommuting is sure to have far reaching effects on society. By itself, telecommuting refers to
office workers spending much of their time working from home and using electronic technologies to
communicate with their employers. The broader implications of telecommuting, however, may involve changes
to corporate structure, workers' lifestyles and even urban planning.
The most obvious changes may be apparent in the 'normal' offices of companies, governments and other
organizations. If even half the working week is spent telecommuting from home, then we would initially expect
many empty desks in the office. As offices become smaller, workers coming in for the day would be expected
to share desks with their absent colleagues. This, in turn, may affect the social atmosphere of an organization,
however, as less social contact with one's colleagues could harm morale and loyalty.
For the individual office worker, telecommuting would mean spending more time at home. For a parent with
young children, this may be a blessing. Moreover, many telecommuters would be able to work the hours they
18
wished: having a nap in the afternoon, for example, but working some hours in the evening. One substantial
benefit for all telecommuting workers is that there will be no need to travel to work, allowing more free time.
The structure of urban life is also likely to be affected by telecommuting. We would expect to see fewer cars
on the road during peak hours and, eventually, a smaller con. centration of offices in cities' central business

districts. In short, people will have less reason to travel to city centers from outlying areas. As more people
work and live in the same location, shops and cultural events will likely be relocated out of the city center.
In sum, telecommuting will serve to change not only the way we work but also the way we live. (306 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 34(11) TASK 1 ( IELTS to success )
The diagram reveals that the hours per week spent in unpaid work are unequally distributed between men and
women, and, to a lesser extent, between married and unmarried women.
In households without children, where the partners are married, women reportedly spend 30 hours per week
doing housework, gardening etc. Men's contribution to these tasks averages a considerably lower 18 hours.
When children enter the household, however, the inequality becomes even greater. In families of 1-2 children,
men maintain approximately the same number of hours of unpaid work as in childless households, but the
number of hours women work in the home rises to 52 per week - much of it, no doubt, due to childcare
responsibilities. Interestingly, when there are 3 or more children, men are found to work even fewer hours.
Whereas women's unpaid hours rise to approximately 56 per week, the corresponding figure for men, 16,
represents a decrease.
Comparing women according to marital status, wedded childless women work about 5 more unpaid hours
per week than their unmarried counterparts - perhaps explained by perceived marital obligations. In contrast,
unmarried mothers, regardless of number of children, work an additional 4 hours per week compared with
married mothers.(193 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 35(12) TASK 2 ( IELTS to success )
Anyone who lives in a city is aware of the increasing number of cars on the road and the kinds of problems this
creates: traffic jams, air pollution and longer commuting periods. As economies grow and access to cars
spreads to increasing numbers of people, this trend is likely to worsen. The solution, it would seem, is for
government to encourage the use of public transport in urban areas, thus decreasing dependence on the car.
One way to stimulate public transport use is to make private car use more expensive and inconvenient. The
introduction of tolls along urban motorways has been success. fully employed in many cities. Other such
measures are high-priced permits for parking in urban areas and the restriction of parking to a limited number
of cars. Faced with high costs or no place to park, commuters would perhaps be more willing to abandon their
cars in favour of buses or trains.
19
There are also less punishing ways of spurring public transport use. The construction of free car parks at

suburban train stations has proven successful in quite a number of countries. This allows commuters to drive
part of the way, but take public transport into the central, most congested, urban areas.
Indeed, making public transport more comfortable and convenient should work to attract more commuters
and decrease traffic congestion. Public transport that is convenient and comfortable retains its passengers,
much like any business that satisfies its customers. The more commuters committed to taking public transport,
the less congestion on city streets.
(253 words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 36 TASK 1 ( IELTS practice test plus )
The three graphs provide an overview of the types of music people purchase in the UK. At first glance we see
that classical music is far less popular than pop or rock music.
While slightly more women than men buy pop music, the rock market is dominated by men with 30% buying
rock, compared to 181, of women. From the first graph we see that interest in pop music is steady from age 16
to 44 with 20% of the population continuing to buy pop CDs after the age of 45.
The interest in rock music reaches its peak among the 25 to'34 year olds, though it never sells as well as pop.
Interest also drops off after the age of 35 with an even sharper fall from age 45 onwards, a pattern which is the
opposite to the classical music graph.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 37 TASK 2 ( IELTS practice test plus )
In times of high unemployment, employers need do very little to encourage their staff to work hard, but when
job vacancies are scarce, they have to find effective ways of rewarding their staff in order to stop them from
going elsewhere.
One obvious way of doing this is to offer extra money to employees who are seen to be working exceptionally
hard and this is done in companies with a product to sell. For example, real estate agents or department stores
can offer a simple commission on all sales.
This style of management favors people who can demonstrate their contribution through sales figures, but
does not take into account the work done by people behind the scenes who have little contact with the public.
A better approach is for management to offer a bonus to all the staff at the end of the year if the profits are
healthy. This, however, does not allow management to target individuals who have genuinely worked harder
than others.
Another possibility is to identify excellent staff through incentive schemes such as 'Employee of the Month' or
20

'Worker of the Week' to make people feel recognized. Such people are usually singled out with the help of
clients. Hotels, restaurants and tour operators may also allow staff to accept tips offered by clients who are
pleased with the service. However, tipping is a highly unreliable source of money and does not favor everyone.
Basically, employees want to be recognized for their contribution - whether through receiving more money or
simply some encouraging words. They also need to feel that their contribution to the whole organization is
worthwhile. Good management recognizes this need and responds appropriately.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 38 TASK 2 ( IELTS practice test plus )
By comparison with even the recent past. the choice of leisure activities on offer today is vast, so it is
reasonable to Find that some of these activities reflect the trends and fads of the day.
People have far more money and time than before to pursue their interests but the ever-increasing number of
activities does not automatically guarantee continuity. In fact new hobbies come and go. For example. sports
such as roller- blading lose their fascination after a few months. Similarly. although snow boarding has taken
over from traditional skiing it is doubtful whether its popularity will last. Other things like electronic games go
out of date almost as soon as you have bought them because the manufacturers promote the fact that only the
latest version is worth having, and so ensure continued sales.
On the other hand. not everyone is a victim of fashion in this way and people of all ages and backgrounds may
take up hobbies for social reasons. Traditional hobbies range from participation in active sports like tennis to
old favourites such as chess and stamp collecting. and these continue to be popular. By joining a club. people
can make friends and feel part of a group with whom they can share a common interest and leisure time.
Where sport is concerned. most people know what they like and participate out of love of the game, rather
than because it is currently fashionable.
I feel therefore. that while fashion may have an influence. particularly among the young. the majority of people
enjoy their hobbies for their own sake.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 39 TASK 1 ( focus on ielts )
The chart provides a breakdown of employment in a number of tourism-related industries over a ten-year
period. Overall. we can see that the total level of employment increased by about twenty per cent during the
period. However, there was some variation in the figures for the individual sectors. For example, while the
travel industry increased its workforce substantially over the decade. there was relatively little growth in that
associated with hotels and other tourist accommodation.
Travel represented the biggest area of expansion. having almost doubled its number of employees by 1999.

The food industry also saw a significant increase. from 283.000 employees in 1989 to 357.000 in 1999. while
21
the sports industry enjoyed an almost equal level of growth. The least successful sector was culture. including
museums and art galleries. where the figures actually fell slightly of the period.
The data suggests that. despite minor fluctuations in the various sectors, employment in the tourism industry
as a whole will continue to grow.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 40 TASK 2 ( focus on ielts )
Unemployment causes many problems for society. Individuals suffer not only economically. but also in terms
of their self respect and even health, Inevitably, when the breadwinner is unemployed other family members
become victims too. Young people without job prospects may turn to drugs or crime to escape boredom and
poverty. For all these reasons. any measures which can reduce unemployment are to be welcomed.
The first priority for the job seeker is information and here the Internet offers a unique tool. Details of job
vacancies and training schemes can be accessed within minutes on a computer screen saving time and
money that would otherwise be spent visiting employment agencies or buying newspapers. In addition. the
Internet can be very useful in preparing for job interviews.
Once a suitable job vacancy has been identified, it’s vital to respond quickly, and in this respect it can be
argued that a mobile phone is more convenient than a conventional phone. Since calls on a mobile can be wry
expensive, however, costs can easily get out of hand unless they are monitored carefully.
It has to be said that ,like any tools, the Internet and the mobile phone are only as good as their user. Both
need to be used effectively, and of course both are open to abuse. There is little point in making technology
available, therefore, without providing basic training in using it.
In conclusion. I believe there are strong arguments for giving unemployed people access to the Internet.
However, the case for providing mobile phones is less convincing, and it may be more cost effective in the
long run to invest in relevant training programmes.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 41 TASK 1 (ielts on track )
These pie charts show changes in world population between 1900 and 2000. The major regions are
represented as percentages of the total world population.
From 1900 to 2000 Africa's percentage of world population increased from 4.5% to 10% while Latin America
grew from 3% to 8% of world population. On the other hand, the percentage of population in Europe and Asia
decreased during the same period. Europe dropped from 25% to 14% while Asia's percentage declined from

22
60% to 54%. North America, however, showed no change, remaining at 5% of world population both in 1900
and 2000. The Middle East and North Africa, a new category in 2000, represented 6% of world population. The
percentage of population in the remaining areas of the world . ('Others') rose slightly from 2.5% to 3%.
Overall, this represents a huge increase in the number of humans on the planet from 1,600 million to 6 billion
in just one hundred years. Most of this population growth has occurred in developing countries.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 42 TASK 2 (ielts on track )
People today are clearly more mobile than in the past. This is largely due to modern technology which makes
travelling and communicating easier and quicker: Why do people move? Often people re-Iocate to large cities
for employment; some people study in English-speaking countries. Whatever the reason, moving away from
home may create many challenges, - both practical and social.
Firstly there are practical problems such as finding accommodation, managing finances, shopping and so on.
These might present challenges to someone who has not lived independently before. In addition, adapting to
a new city environment includes understanding the public transport system, possibly in another language,
while trying not to get lost ! The best strategy for minimizing such anxious moments is to prepare In advance
as much as possible. Thus it might be helpful to get advice from someone familiar with the area. There are
also publications such as travel guides to overseas countries which give tips and useful information. A city
street directory is also very handy. Ideally, sharing; accommodation with someone who is familiar with the city,
or staying in a 'homestay' on arrival in a new country may overcome many of these problems. Homestay
families or 'sharemates' will provide company and be able to explain aspects of the new city or culture that
may seem strange at first.
There are also social and emotional issues to deal with, like loneliness or problems with the language.
Moreover, starting a new job or course may be stressful at first. Generally, however, there are organizations
such as overseas students' associations in an educational institution, or other sports or hobby clubs where it is
possible to meet people and make friends.
In conclusion, although there are many challenges when leaving home for a new city or country, planning in
advance can transform an ordeal into an adventure
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 43 TASK 1 (ielts on track )
The table shows the percentage of personal income devoted to savings in seven countries in 1970, 1990 and
2000.

The most. dramatic changes are evident in Italy, Japan, France and Canada. In 1970 Italy had the highest
23
savings rate of 29.5%, followed by France with 18.7% and Japan with 17.6%. Canada had the lowest rate -
5.6%.
By 1990 Italy was still the leading country, though its saving rate had dropped to 17.6%. Germany was next
with 13.8% (same as 1970) and the rate, in France and Japan were close behind. In Canada. the saving rate
had almost doubled to 11.5%. The UK and the USA had the lowest rates, 8.2% and 5.5% rel3pectively.
"By 2000 the savings rates had levelled out considerably across the seven countries. France and Japan led
with 13.6%, followed by Germany, Italy and the UK at around 11%. Personal savings in North America
dropped sharply, with the USA at 4% and Canada at a very low 1.9%.
The overall trend shows a reduction in savings over this thirty-year period.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 44 TASK 2 (ielts on track )
I agree entirely with the opinion in the title. There is increasing evidence that climate changes are not just
random but are being accelerated by , industrial activity, particularly in developed countries. Many nations are
recording extreme weather conditions, such as the wettest year on record, or the hottest summer on record.
Sea levels are rising and sea temperatures are increasing more rapidly than before.
The Kyoto Agreement in the 1990s tried to create international consensus to limit industrial emissions of
gases but unfortunately some ; nations are unwilling to commit to real change. This, is probably related to
economic pressures from within the country and the interests of multinational corporations. In industrialized
nations a good lifestyle means a high level of consumerism. This keeps factories operating and people
employed but it also creates enormous pollution and waste.
To solve these serious problems requires political action in a number of I directions. At the individual level,
education programs in schools should be set up to reduce wasteful behaviour and to encourage respect for the
planet. At the corporate level, businesses need to develop responsible environmental policies together with
governments. They must be held legally accountable for their actions.
One major difficulty is that environmental parties like the Greens have little political power. Their policies are
appropriate but they need support from the general public in order to increase pressure on the main parties
and large corporations.
The time for action is definitely now. Each year of delays and ineffective policy will make it harder to restore
the health of planet Earth.

PRACTICE WRITING TEST 45 TASK 1 (ielts on track )
The process of making chocolate begins with the grinding of the cocoa bean, to produce cocoa liquor and
24
some waste products. The liquor is used in two ways. When pressed into powder it can be sold on to the food
industry. Alternatively when pressed into cocoa butter it is used, along with the liquor to make industrial
chocolate. This is combined with sugar and other ingredients and refined to produce chocolate bars.
How is the money from the retail price of a chocolate bar divided up? The pie chart indicates that the farmer,
who produces the cocoa bean, receives only 4% of the retail price. The supermarket, on the other hand
receives 34%. A rather small 10% goes to the chocolate company, while 15 % is taken by the government in
the form of taxes. The cost of ingredients and production, make up the largest proportion, 37% of the price of a
chocolate bar.
It seems unfair that the farmers, who do so much of the work, get such a small return for their efforts.
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 46 TASK 2 (ielts on track )
Dogs and cats can be wonderful companions but there are also a number of problems associated with pet
ownership, both for the animals and for the community.
In the best situations pets are fed, cared for and loved as part of a family. It is easy to see how much attention
is given to pets, by the range of products available in the pet section of supermarkets. In return, cats and dogs
contribute to the well being of the community in many ways. Dogs are useful for protection and serve as
guides for the disabled. People with pets are not only happier and healthier; but may even live longer. Thus the
animals benefit individuals and the community
There are, however; also negative aspects for the pets and for the community. The freedoms of both dogs and
cats are increasingly restricted. In Australia there is community pressure to force owners to keep cats inside at
night to protect native birds and animals. Dogs can no longer run free in parks and at the beach but must be
kept on leads. These restrictions have been imposed by the community to protect the public. In addition pet
owners are required to clean up after their dogs. Parks and beaches often provide plastic bags for this
purpose. The community also has to pick up the costs of dogs and cats that have been abandoned by
irresponsible owners.
So the relationship between pets and the community is a complex one. More and more the community is
intervening to force pet owners to restrict the activities and freedom of their pets. Still, responsible owners,
prepared to give adequate time and attention to their cats and dogs, can give them a good and happy life.(290

words)
PRACTICE WRITING TEST 47 TASK 1 (ielts on track )
The two line graphs show trends in smoking and alcohol consumption since 1960 for several countries.
25