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Advanced solutions for paraffins
isomerization
Advanced solutions for paraffins
isomerization
RON number of hydocarbone isomers
Isomerization Reactions
Isomerization is a reversible and slightly exothermic reaction:
n-paraffin i-paraffin
- The conversion to iso-paraffin is not complete;
- It does not depend on pressure;
-But it can be increased by lowring the temperature;
- However operating at low temperatures will decrease the reaction
rate;
- For this reason a very active catalyst must be used.
Isomerization Catalysts
Comparison of operating conditions of isomerization
Isomerization mechanism
Process scheme of isomerization unit (UOP)
Process scheme of isomerization step one
using Al
2
O
3
-Cl catalyst
Process scheme of isomerization products
return using Al
2
O
3

-Cl catalyst
Process scheme of isomerization products
separation by molecular sieve adsorber used
Al
2
O
3
-Cl catalyst
Process scheme of isomerization products
separation by molecular sieve adsorber used
Al
2
O
3
-Cl catalyst
Hydroisomerization of heptane: mechanistic
aspects and industrial challenges
RON numbers of heptane isomers
Mechanism of acid-catalyzed isomerization
Monomolecular mechanism
Mechanism of acid-catalyzed isomerization of n-
heptane
Possible and “forbidden” rearrandements of the s-butyl
cation
Beta – scission of a carbenium ion
Monomolecular mechanism of type A and type B
isomerization
Bimolecular mechanism
Relation between isomerization and cracking

Mechanism relation between hydroisomerization
and hydrocracking
The competition for isomerization and cracking in
bimolecular pathways
Acid catalyzed hydroisomerization of n-heptane on
bifunctional catalyst
Shape selective concepts for n-heptane conversion:
reactant (top), product shape (middle) and transition state
(bottom) selective