Assignment 1 cloud computing trần thành đạt bh00073

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification

BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title

Unit 16: Cloud computing

Submission date

7 June 2023

Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date

7 June 2023

Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name

TRAN THANH DAT

Student ID

BH00073

Class

IT0502

Assessor name

DO QUOC BINH

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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature

Dat

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Table of Contents
I.
Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures ....................... 5
1.

Client – Server ................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.

Client ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2.

Server ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

1.3.

Relationship between Client and Server ................................................................................................... 5

2.

Peer-To-Peer(P2P) ............................................................................................................................................ 6

3.

High Performance Computing .......................................................................................................................... 7

4.

3.1.

Definition ...................................................................................................................................................7

3.2.

Example .....................................................................................................................................................9

Deployment Models ....................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.

Public Deployment ..................................................................................................................................10

4.2.

Private Deployment ................................................................................................................................ 11

4.3.

Community Cloud ...................................................................................................................................13

4.4.

Hybrid Cloud ...........................................................................................................................................14

5. Cloud Service Models ...................................................................................................................................... 15
5.1.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ............................................................................................................ 15

5.2.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) ....................................................................................................................16

5.3.

Software as a Service (SaaS) ....................................................................................................................18

5.4.

Comparing Service Models ......................................................................................................................19

6.

Characteristic of Cloud .................................................................................................................................... 19

7.

Virtualization and Multicore ........................................................................................................................... 20
7.1.

Virtualization ............................................................................................................................................20


7.2.

Multicore ................................................................................................................................................. 21

Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and validate
their use ......................................................................................................................................................................22

II.

III.

1.

Overview Scenario ..........................................................................................................................................22

2.

ATN Solution ..................................................................................................................................................22

3.

Deployment Model ......................................................................................................................................... 23

4.

Service Model ................................................................................................................................................. 23

5.

Programming Languages ................................................................................................................................ 24

6.

Deployment Model ......................................................................................................................................... 24

7.

Cloud Platform ................................................................................................................................................24

8.

Cloud Architecture ..........................................................................................................................................25
References .......................................................................................................................................................26

Table of Figures
Figure 1 - Client-Server ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 2 - P2P model ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3 - P2P example ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 4 – Supercomputer ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 5 - Google search engine ................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6 - Content Delivery Network .......................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 7 - Public Cloud .................................................................................................................................................10
Figure 8 - Amazon Elastic Compute public cloud ........................................................................................................11
Figure 9 - Private Cloud ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 10 – Amazon Simple Storage Service ...............................................................................................................12
Figure 11 - Community Cloud ......................................................................................................................................13
Figure 12 - IBM SoftLayer community cloud .............................................................................................................14

Figure 13 - Hybrid Cloud .............................................................................................................................................14
Figure 14 - Amazon Web Services ..............................................................................................................................15
Figure 15 - IaaS model .................................................................................................................................................15
Figure 16 - PaaS model ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 17 - SaaS model ................................................................................................................................................18
Figure 18 - Characteristics of Cloud computing ..........................................................................................................20
Figure 19 - Multicore Processor .................................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 20 - Cloud service consumers are sending requests to a cloud service (1). The automated scaling listener monitors the cloud
service to determine if predefined capacity thresholds are being exceeded (2) ....................... 25
List of Tables
Table 1 - Advantages and Disadvantages of P2P ..........................................................................................................6
Table 2 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Public cloud ...........................................................................................11
Table 3 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Private cloud ......................................................................................... 12
Table 4 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Community cloud ..................................................................................13
Table 5 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Hybrid cloud ..........................................................................................14
Table 6 - Advantages and disadvantages of IaaS ........................................................................................................ 16
Table 7 - Advantages and disadvantages of PaaS ....................................................................................................... 17
Table 8 - Advantages and disadvantages of SaaS ....................................................................................................... 18
Table 9 - Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS ....................................................................................................19
Table 10 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtualization .......................................................................................21


I. Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of
Cloud Computing and its architectures
1. Client – Server
The client-server is a network computer model that consists of two major components: client (client) and server (server). The
server is the location where resources are stored, program services are installed, and client requests are fulfilled in this approach.
The client plays a major role in sending requests to the server. In general, computers and devices are considered the client (Thịnh

Hạnh, 2010).

Figure 1 - Client-Server (Anon., 2019)

1.1. Client
The client or workstation is where requests are sent to the server. At the workstation, it manages communication with users,
servers, and the external environment. After receiving the user's request, the client constructs the query string to send to the server.
When the client receives the results from the server, it organizes and presents those results.

1.2. Server
The incoming request from the client is processed by the server. The server will send back the result after processing is complete,
and the client can proceed to process these results to serve the user. The server communicates with the outside environment and
with the client on the server, who sends a query string as a request. The server will process the data and deliver the results back to
the client once the character strings have been parsed .


1.3. Relationship between Client and Server
The client-server model describes the relationship between two computers in which the client requests a service from the server. A
client-server model's main feature is that the client is dependent on the server to provide and handle information. For example,
websites are stored on web servers (Harry, 2021). The principle when connecting a client computer to the server include:
•
•

Log on to the computer that will be connected to the server
Open an Internet browser, such as Chrome

•

The Connect your computer to the server page appears

•

In the file download security warning message, click Run

2. Peer-To-Peer(P2P)
A peer-to-peer (P2P) is a network with a decentralized platform that allows two individuals to communicate directly with one
another, without the need for a third party to interfere. Buyers and sellers can use the P2P service to transact directly with one
another. Search, screening, rating, payment processing, and escrow are some of the services that the P2P platform provides
(Indeed Editorial Team, 2021).

Figure 2 - P2P model (Wikipedia, 2019)


P2P model provides many essential features such as (Indeed Editorial Team, 2021):
•

Each computer in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network contributes resources to the network and consumes those resources. Files,
printers, storage, bandwidth, and processing power can all be shared among multiple computers on a network.

•

A P2P network is simple to configure. Access is controlled once it's set up by setting sharing permissions on each
computer. Passwords can be assigned to specific resources to limit access more strictly.

•

Some P2P networks are constructed by putting a virtual network on a physical network. The network transfers data across
a physical link, whereas the virtual overlay allows network computers to communicate with one another.

The table below will show the advantages and disadvantages of P2P network:

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy file sharing

Lack of Decentralization

Reduced costs

Security issues

Adaptability

Virus attacks

High performance

Illegal content

Efficiency
Table 1 - Advantages and Disadvantages of P2P


P2P Example
Online gaming platforms such as StarCraft, World of Warcraft, and other famous publisher are very popular with P2P network.
One of the main reasons why P2P is used in many online gaming platforms is that is provides an easy way to share data between
players, and the configuration is simple. The figure below shows two game controllers that are connected to a single game station,
both users can control different characters in the game (Codrut, 2019).

Figure 3 - P2P example (Codrut, 2019).
In the modern world, P2P is still used for online gaming platform and other services. Another example of P2P network is
Bluetooth which commonly used to connect mobile phone to other electrical devices.


3. High Performance Computing
High-performance computing (HPC) is a technique for solving hard problems that necessitate large computations by utilizing the
capacity of supercomputers or computer clusters. The size and amount of data that organizations have to work with is expanding
dramatically as technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and 3-D imaging evolve. As a result,
HPC is becoming significantly crucial due to the ability to process data in real time (Netapp, 2022). There are three different HPC
architectures that are used:
•
•

Parallel computing
Cluster computing

•

Distributed computing

3.1. Definition
Parallel
Parallel computing is a computing architecture where an overall large problem is broken down into smaller and independent parts
that can be simultaneously executed through several processors. Memory is shared through the communication between
processors, the results of each part will be combined to return the overall algorithm. The goal of this technique is to increase the
available computation power for faster processing and problem solving (Heavy.ai, 2022).
The server distributes computing requests into smaller parts, which will be executed simultaneously on each server. Parallel
computing infrastructure is often housed within a datacenter, where numerous processors are installed in a server rack.

Cluster
Cluster computing refers to a network of computers that connected together as a single entity. Cluster computing provides
solutions to complex issues by increasing processing speed and data integrity. The connected computers perform functions all
together, giving the impression of a single virtual machine. Transparency of the system is the phrase used to describe this process.
This networking technique operates on the concept of distributed systems, and LAN is the connection unit in this case. The
system's transparency is defined by this procedure (WatElectronics, 2020).


The cluster computing must strictly go with the several characteristics, such as the connected computers must be the same kind of
machines and they are tightly connected through dedicated network connections. All the computers must share a common home
directory.

Distributed
Distributed computing is a computing concept that refers to several computer systems working on a single problem. A single
problem is divided into multiple parts in distributed computing, and each portion is solved by a different computer. The computers
can communicate with each other to solve the problem as long as they are connected to the internet. When done correctly, the
computers work as a single unit (Techopedia, 2017).
Distributed computing's goal is to improve performance by connecting users and IT resources in a costeffective, transparent, and
reliable manner. In the case that one of the components fails, it also provides fault tolerance and resource accessibility. Distributed
computing systems provide many benefits over centralized systems, including the following features:
•

Scalability: The system can be easily expanded by adding more machines as needed without affecting the original setup.

•

Redundancy: Several machines can provide the same services; the work does not stop if one fails. Additionally, because a
large number of smaller devices can be deployed, this redundancy does not need to be excessively expensive.

3.2. Example
Parallel Computing
The supercomputer is one of the most well-known types of HPC solutions. A supercomputer includes thousands of compute nodes
work together to execute one or more tasks. Parallel processing is the term for this process. It's similar to having thousands of PCs
connected together to pool computing resources and speed up tasks (Netapp, 2022).


Figure 4 – Supercomputer (Wikipedia, 2019)
Supercomputers are used for a variety of purposes across multiple industries; for example, Meta Platforms is a well-known
company with their Artificial Intelligence supercomputer, or IBM which owns two most powerful supercomputers in the world,
they are used for media and entertainment.

Cluster Computing
The Google search engine, Earthquake Simulation, Petroleum Reservoir Simulation, and Weather
Forecasting System are all examples of popular cluster computing applications (Murugesan, 2022).

Figure 5 - Google search engine (Financial TImes, 2021)


Distributed Computing
Distributed computing is very common in the daily life; for example, Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) that store data locally in
geographically dispersed regions in order to serve end-users more quickly, or the Ridge Edge Platform is also a distributed
computing system (Cloudflare, 2022).

Figure 6 - Content Delivery Network (Miko Tech, 2023)
CDNs provide the rapid transfer of assets required for loading Internet content; currently, CDNs service the bulk of web traffic,
including traffic from big sites such as Facebook, Netflix, and Amazon.


4. Deployment Models

4.1. Public Deployment
The most common type of cloud computing deployment is the public cloud. Third-party cloud service providers own and operate
cloud resources (such as servers and storage) that are distributed throughout the Internet. The cloud provider owns and manages
all hardware, software, and other support infrastructure in the public cloud. An example is a public cloud like Microsoft Azure
(Muhammad, 2020).

Figure 7 - Public Cloud (Kumar, 2023)

The advantages and disadvantages of Public cloud include:
Advantages
•
•
•
•

Lower costs
No maintenance
Near-unlimited scalability
High reliability

Disadvantages
•
•
•

Lack of cost control
Lack of security
Minimal technical control

Table 2 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Public cloud

Example
The Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web-based service that allows companies to run application programs in
the Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud. A developer can use Amazon EC2 to create virtual machines (VMs), which
provide computational capacity for IT projects and cloud workloads hosted by AWS data centers across the world (Carty, 2019).

Figure 8 - Amazon Elastic Compute public cloud (Bojankomazec, 2022)
Amazon EC2 is governed through APIs, developers can instantly expand or decrease capacity by commissioning any number of
server instances at the same time. EC2 gives user complete control over their instances, making it as simple to use as if the server
were in the office.


4.2. Private Deployment
Private clouds are made up of cloud computing resources that are used only by one company or organization. Private clouds can
be physically installed on-premises in your company's data center or hosted by a third-party service provider. In a private cloud,
however, services and infrastructure are still hosted on a private network, with hardware and software entirely dedicated to your
business . (Muhammad, 2020).

Figure 9 - Private Cloud (Muhammad, 2020).
The advantages and disadvantages of Private cloud are:
Advantages
•
•
•

More flexibility
More control
More scalability

Disadvantages
•
•
•

Expensive
Mobile difficulty
Scalability dependence

Table 3 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Private cloud


Example
AWS's Amazon Simple Storage Service, or Amazon S3, is a private cloud service that allows users to store data in a safe, highly
accessible, and redundant manner. Customers of all sizes and sectors utilize it for a variety of purposes (Aviatrix, n.d.).

/Figure 10 – Amazon Simple Storage Service (Aviatrix, n.d.).
Easy-to-use administration capabilities for managing data and creating fine-tuned access controls are available in Amazon S3.
Storage units in Amazon S3 are things that are arranged into buckets or folders, are used to organize files. Buckets can store an
endless amount of data. The number of items that can be uploaded is unlimited, and each object can hold up to 5 TB of data.

4.3. Community Cloud
A community cloud is a combination of a private cloud and a public cloud. These are multi-tenant platforms that allow many
organizations to collaborate on the same platform. The goal of this concept is to allow large numbers of customers to collaborate
on community-owned projects and apps when they need a centralized cloud infrastructure. In short, a community cloud is a
distributed infrastructure that integrates the services of different types of cloud solutions to meet the specific needs of your
business unit (TUCAKOV, 2020).


Figure 11 - Community Cloud (TUCAKOV, 2020).

There are advantages and drawbacks of Community cloud:
Advantages
•
•
•
•

Disadvantages

Openness and Impartiality
• Complexity
Flexibility and Scalability
• Remote access may be limited
High Availability and Reliability
• Increased start-up costs
Security and Compliance
• Slow technology integration
Convenience and Control
Table 4 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Community cloud

Example
Constant communication and data transactions between many departments are required for government activities and services.
Government bodies are likewise subject to a variety of privacy, legal, and security concerns, preventing them from using public
clouds. As a result, they're an ideal example for a community cloud (Mohanakrishnan, 2021).
Consequently, IBM's federal SoftLayer cloud collaborates with local partners to create, install, and manage industry-specific
community clouds.


Figure 12 - IBM SoftLayer community cloud (Mohanakrishnan, 2021).
The IBM Community Cloud is built on essential principles to give government agencies the flexibility, agility, and consistency

they need to move to the cloud faster and more securely.

4.4. Hybrid Cloud
A hybrid cloud is a combination of a private cloud and a public cloud. Thanks to the hybrid cloud, data and apps can move
between the two environments. Enterprises can deploy private cloud environments for IT workloads and complement their
infrastructure with public cloud resources to handle the regular spikes in network traffic that is a common example of hybrid
clouds (Muhammad, 2020).

Figure 13 - Hybrid Cloud (Anon., 2021)


There are advantages and drawbacks of Hybrid cloud:
Advantages
•
•
•
•

Control
Flexibility
Cost-effectiveness
Ease

Disadvantages
•
•
•

Expensive
Management

Added complexity

Table 5 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Hybrid cloud

Example
Hybrid cloud solutions combine public cloud and private cloud. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is known as one of the largest
hybrid clouds in the modern world. Although AWS is popular for its public cloud services, it also provides a platform for hybrid
cloud (AWS, 2022).

Figure 14 - Amazon Web Services (AWS, 2022).
One of the use cases of the AWS cloud is connectivity, it connects the user's network to any AWS Region or Local Zone directly,
avoiding the public internet for more reliable, low-latency performance. It also delivers recursive DNS across users' AWS and onpremises networks.
Another significant use case of AWS is storage. AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid storage service that allows on-premises
applications to access AWS cloud storage. File Gateway, Tape Gateway, and Volume Gateway capabilities support the
management of hybrid cloud workloads, backup and restore, and disaster recovery scenarios.


5. Cloud Service Models
5.1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing service that allows businesses to rent or lease servers in the cloud for
processing and storage. Users can run any operating system or application on rented servers without having to pay for the servers'
maintenance and operation. The IaaS approach scales up and down dynamically in response to demand and delivers a guaranteed
service-level agreement (SLA) in terms of uptime and performance. It removes the need for data centers to manually provision
and manage physical servers (Comptia, 2022).

Figure 15 - IaaS model (Comptia, 2022).


Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) replaces traditional on-premises data center infrastructure by providing computation, memory,
storage, networking, and supporting software, such as operating systems and databases, as a cloud service. Although there are

some drawbacks to the IaaS model, the advantages that the model provide are significant. The table below present several
advantages and disadvantages of IaaS:

Advantage
Pay for What You Use: The fees are calculated
based on consumption indicators.

Disadvantage
Unexpected Costs: Monthly expenses can pile
up quickly, and peak usage may be higher than
anticipated.
Reduce Capital Expenditures: IaaS is typically a Process Changes: IaaS may necessitate changes
monthly operating expense.
to processes and workflows.
Dynamically Scale: The model increases the
Complex Integration: Interaction with existing
capacity quickly during peak time and reduces
systems poses a number of challenges.
capacity as needed.
Increase Security: Security technologies and
Limited Customization: Public cloud users may
expertise are substantially invested by IaaS
have limited control and customization options.
providers.
Reduce Downtime: IaaS allows for immediate
Managing Availability: Even the most welloutage recovery.
known service providers have downtime.
Boost Speed: Once IaaS computers are
Security Risks: New vulnerabilities may emerge
provisioned, developers can start working

as a result of the lack of direct control.
on projects.
Self-Service Provisioning: Access through
Security Risks: Businesses must be responsible
simple internet connection
for anything they put on their servers.
Table 6 - Advantages and disadvantages of IaaS


5.2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud-based development and deployment environment that includes resources to let you produce
everything from simple cloud-based apps to complex, cloud-enabled business systems. Infrastructure such as servers, storage, and
networking, as well as middleware, development tools, business intelligence (BI) services, database management systems, and
other services are all included in PaaS. Building, testing, deploying, administering, and updating web applications are all
supported by PaaS (Comptia, 2022).

Figure 16 - PaaS model (Comptia, 2022).


There are some advantages and disadvantages of PaaS model:

Advantage

Disadvantage

Cost-effective: There's no need to buy gear or pay
for expenses when being offline.

Dependence on Vendor: Extremely reliant on the
capabilities of the vendor.

Time savings: The core stack does not need to be
set up or maintained.

Risk of Lock-In: Customers may become locked
into a language, interface, or software that they
no longer require.

Speed to Market: Increase the speed with which
apps are developed.

Compatibility: If PaaS is utilized alongside
traditional development platforms, compatibility
issues may arise.

Boost Security: PaaS providers make significant
investments in security technologies and
expertise.

Risks of security: While PaaS providers secure the
infrastructure and platform, businesses are
responsible for the security of the apps they
create.

Dynamically Scale: Increase capacity quickly at
peak times and reduce capacity as needed.
Flexibility: Employees can log in and work on
applications from anywhere they have an internet
connection.
Custom Solutions: Developers have access to

operational tools that allow them to construct
custom software.
Table 7 - Advantages and disadvantages of PaaS


5.3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a service (SaaS) allows users can connect to and use cloud-based programs through the Internet. Email, calendaring,
and office software are all common examples. SaaS is a comprehensive software solution that you can buy from a cloud service
provider on a pay-as-you-go basis. The service provider's data center houses all of the underlying infrastructure, middleware, app
software, and app data. The service provider handles the hardware and software, and with the right service agreement, will also
assure the app's and data's availability and security. With SaaS, businesses can quickly get up and running with an app for a low
initial investment (Comptia, 2022).

Figure 17 - SaaS model (Comptia, 2022).