Research on assessment of density and suggestion for conservation of the anotiectochilus cetaceus blume in ba vi national park

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FORESTRY

STUDENT THESIS
RESEARCH ON ASSESSMENT OF DENSITY AND SUGGESTION
FOR CONSERVATION OF THE Anotiectochilus cetaceus Blume IN BA
VI NATIONAL PARK

Major: Natural Resources Management
Code: D850101

Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management
Student: Pham Kim Hong

Student ID: 1254040533

Class: K57 Natural Resources Management

Course: 2012 - 2016

Advanced Education Program
Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA
Supervisor: Dr. Le Xuan Truong

Ha Noi, October 3, 2016


ACKNOWLEDGENTS
To achieve this research, during the implementation process, in addition to our
own efforts, we have received the enthusiastic helping of Dr. Le Xuan Truong, other
organizations and departments. On this occasion, we would like to express a gratitude to

Dr. Le Xuan Truong who has directly guided us to complete this Thread. We also would
like to thank the teachers in Viet Nam forestry university have imparted to us the
knowledge to perform this topic.
Thank Management staff, rangers of the Ba Vi national park. During the topic
implementing process, even though we had a lot of effort, because of time and professional
qualifications is limited, and the initial unfamiliarity acquainted with the actual work, so
our research subject inevitable shortcomings. We look forward to receive some comments
of teachers for our subject more perfect.
I sincerely thank you!
Ha Noi, September 30, 2016


INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGENTS
INDEX
LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF IMAGE
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
1.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 The concept of biodiversity and biodiversity conservation ............................................. 2
1.2.1 Biodiversity:.................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Biodiversity conservation: ............................................................................................ 3
1.3 Research overview about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum. ................................................ 4
1.3.1 In the world ................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 In Viet Nam: ................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II NATURAL – ECONOMIC – SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN BA VI
NATIONAL PARKS ............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Natural conditions: ........................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Geographical location: .................................................................................................. 7
2.1. 2 Topographic: ................................................................................................................ 7

2.1.3. Climate: ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.4. Biodiversity:................................................................................................................. 8
2.1.5 Hydrology ..................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.6 Forest resources and forest lands .................................................................................. 8
2.2 Economic – social conditions .......................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Population, ethnic, labor ............................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Agricultural production................................................................................................. 8
2.2.3 Forestry production ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2.6 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER III GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES ................................................. 10
3.1. Objective ....................................................................................................................... 10


3.2. Object: ........................................................................................................................... 10
3.3. Timeline: ....................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER IV METHOD .................................................................................................... 11
4.1. Collect existing data: .................................................................................................... 11
4. 2 Fieldwork method: ........................................................................................................ 11
4.2.1. Explore preliminary: .................................................................................................. 11
4.2.2 Interview Survey methods: ......................................................................................... 11
4.2.3 Make plot: ................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.4 Data analysis: ............................................................................................................. 14
4.2.6 Solutions proposed method:........................................................................................ 15
From the research results and the actual situation locally collected information, assess the
difficulties and advantages, opportunities and challenges in the management and
conservation of the species in the study area. The solution must be realistic...................... 15
CHAPTER V RESULT ....................................................................................................... 16
5.1. Morphological characteristics: ..................................................................................... 16
5.2. The diversity of the number of individuals according to the state forest: .................... 18
5.3. The diversity of the number of individuals according elevation: ................................. 20

5.4 The diversity of the number of individuals according aspect: ....................................... 22
5.5 Conservation and development solutions the number of individuals of Anoectochilus
setaceus Blume in the study area: ....................................................................................... 24
5.5.1 The work of protection forest: .................................................................................... 24
5.5.2 Advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges in the conservation and
development of species in Ba Vi National Park: ................................................................. 24
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION, CONSTRAINS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............. 28
6.1. Conclusions:.................................................................................................................. 28
6.2. Constrains: .................................................................................................................... 29
6.3. Recommendations:........................................................................................................ 29
REFERENCE


LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1: The list of people interviewed about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum in Ba Vi
National Park ....................................................................................................................... 12
Table 5.1 Distribution of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume according to the state of forest .. 19
Table 5.2 Geographical characteristics of the study area .................................................... 21
Table 5.4 Density of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume according aspect ............................... 23


LIST OF IMAGE
Picture 5.1: The roots of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume..................................................... 17
Picture 5. 2: The leave of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (Front) ....................................... 17
Picture 5.3: The leave of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (Back) ........................................ 17
Picture 5.4: Flower of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park ................... 18
Picture 5.5 Map of distribution of species according the state forest .................................. 20
Picture 5.5 Map of location of 4 plots according aspect ...................................................... 22

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
Manage of forest resources in the national parks is one of the methods for natural
resource management together with the development of economic, cultural, and social in
the ecological system. Today, while the population rapid growth, the demand for human
resources tends to increase. Therefore, the natural resources of people are threatened.
Our country is a country located in the tropical monsoon region, with favorable
natural conditions, so that forest resources are very rich and diverse. Many years ago, the
value of forests is protecting the environment, national security etc. In addition, forests are
important in providing products of timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
NTFPs are product not timber, is extracted from natural forests, planted forests and
valuable. NTFPs are functional park of forest ecosystem. It is the income of local people.
Beside NTFPs help stability about security and economic for people's lives, create jobs,
conserve indigenous knowledge and environmental values. We contribute to the protection
of forests, water regulation, erosion control, biodiversity conservation. However,
information on NTPFs economic value is limited. Hence the biodiversity conserver of the
species still faces many difficulties. Hence, we need to focus research with the aim of
assessing diversity, conserving species diversity.
Ba Vi National Parks was established in 1991, it is precious natural heritage with
scenery beautiful. Flora of BVNP very rich and diversified with 1201 tracheophyta to
appertain 649 limb and 160 family. Beside, medicinal herbs of Ba Vi National Park has
503 species: Asarum maximum, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Fibraurea tinctoria etc. ne of
species has important role on medical and make

livelihood for

local people is

Anoectochilus setaceus Blume. It belongs to the family Orchidaceae, is the herbs very rare

1


and precious of Vietnam . The action of it is strengthening health, and treatment of
hepatitis, bronchitis. In Viet Nam, Anoectochilus setaceus Blume it was purchased with
price about 3.000.000đ/kg. In BVNP, Anoectochilus setaceus Blume lives in elevation
from 930m, in thick forest. However, we have a litter literature on the species and because
the role Anoectochilus setaceus Blume so I make this research “Research on diversity and
suggestion conservation the Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park”
1.2 The concept of biodiversity and biodiversity conservation
1.2.1 Biodiversity:
In 1989, World Wildlife Fond (WWF) was defied about biodiversity that mean:
“Biological diversity – or biodiversity – is the term given to the variety of life on Earth. It
is the variety within and between all species of plants, animals and micro-organisms and
the ecosystems within which they live and interact”. Biodiversity has three levels: genetic
diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
According Conservation on Biological Diversity in 1992, "Biological diversity"
means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia,
terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which
they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems”.
According Biological diversity laws, biodiversity is abundant about genetic, species
and ecosystem in the natural.
Biodiversity serve for human life on development of economic - social, it offers
products aimed at consumers and merchants. Besides, biodiversity and the landscape also
provide tourism (ecotourism), water regulation, protection of environment, especially the
impact of climate change on people.
But the understanding of human about biodiversity are very limited, just stop on the
assessment of the diversity of life forms and their recession levels. Currently, no one can

2


confirm how many plants and animals and microorganisms living on Earth now. Can
estimate about 5 to 30 million species, but most biologists think there are about 14 million
species, of which only about 1.7 million species have been described and named, but some
species are fully studied then very little. Genetic diversity and biodiversity are not visible
clearly ... and our understanding of this field is still very meager.
1.2.2 Biodiversity conservation:
Biodiversity conservation is process of management some relationship between
people with genetics, species and ecosystems to provide highest benefit

for current

generation and demand for the next generation.
According WWF, Conserving biodiversity means ensuring that natural landscapes,
with their array of ecosystems, are maintained, and that species, populations, genes, and
the complex interactions between them, persist into the future. Biodiversity conservation
relies on a number of disciplines working together, including ecology and other biological
sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and the social sciences such as economics, law,
public policy and psychology.
According Biological diversity laws, biological diversity conservation is the
protection of the abundance of natural ecosystems, typical or representative; protect natural
habitats and seasonal routine of wildlife, landscape and environment, the beauty of nature;
farming, planting, tending species on the list of endangered species, rare and protected
precedence; retention and long-term preservation of genetic specimens ..
There are many approaches to biological diversity conservation such as:
- In-situ conservation: The conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the
maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings
and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have

developed their distinctive properties. (Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992)

3


-

Ex-situ

conservation:

Ex

situ conservation literally

means,

"Off-

site conservation". It is the process of conserving components of biological diversity by
removing or restricting them from a natural habitat and then managing them in a controlled
or modified environment. The degree to which humans control or modify the natural
dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of
living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from
predation and mortality. Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species’ natural
geographic range. Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside of an ecological niche.
- Rehabilitation: Ecological rehabilitation, that is including some work such as
restoration of ecosystems in areas have been degraded by farming the native species,
recreating the ecological processes, creating the material cycle , hydrological regime. The
important

goal of conservation biology is to protect individual representative of the

ecosystem and the compound of biodiversity.
1.3 Research overview about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum.
1.3.1 In the world
We have many researches about Anoectochilus setaceus Blume. In 1810, Carlvon
Blume is the first human describe Anoectochilus setaceus Blume. According Sri Lanka,
Anoectochilus setaceus Blume has been collecting extensively and illegally for medicinal
as well as ornamental purposes Indian humans was knows use about it in medicine. In
Southeast Asia, China is the countries use the most, beside is Korea, Japan etc.
According magazine about Material medical and public health – in October, 2007
has some posts about the role of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume such as:
- Mr. Ta Moc Huan - Chinese scholar – when studying “Trung” medicine in 2004
talked about the effect of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume.
- In 1964, Mr.Can Vi Tung said that: Anoectochilus setaceus Blume is a valuable
medicine in the pharmacies of Taiwan

4


1.3.2 In Viet Nam:
Anoectochilus setaceus Blume was included in alert level in Viet Nam Red Book (
2007), Classify ENA a,c,d and in decree of government: 32/2006/ND-CD-30/3/2006, in
the group IA-Exploitation prohibited. It is lives in Lao Cai (Sapa), Ha Giang, Yen Bai,
Vinh Phuc, Quang Tri, Gia Lai. Some scientists have conducted research on Anoectochilus
setaceus Blume in Vietnam such as: Lecomte Fiom (1907 – 1943), Pham Quan Ho ( 1991
– 2000), Vo Van Chi etc.
Moreover, when talk to Anoectochilus setaceus Blume, we can remember
Professor.Le Quang Do – Thai Nguyen Agriculture – forestry University. He has many

researches about species.
In 2007, Ngo Van Son and Vu Manh Dam – Viet Nam Forestry university – were
researched

about biological characteristics, capabilities propagation and medicinal of

Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park – Ha Noi. The result of research to
evaluate biological characteristics, capabilities propagation and medicinal
In 2008, Author Ngo Van Tai - Viet Nam Forestry University was research about
biological characteristic and distribution of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi
National Park – Ha Noi. It is the basis for the preservation and development of species.
In 13-12-2012, Doctor .Phung Van Phe has done research on morphological
characteristics, distribution and diversity of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume. According this
research, we can know characteristic, distribution of specie. He has propagated species by
natural methods in Ba VI National Park but they don’t have expense so the plating has to
facing many difficulties. Beside, 12/2010, Forest Inventory and Planning Institute has
implemented the project "The assessment of the conservation status of endangered by
decree

32/2006/ND-CD-30/3/2006.

According

research,

distributions

of

species

approximate 30.000km2 and area habitat of species about 1500km2. But conservation

5


measures in place are not effective, people in forest harvesting with large number and no
ex-situ conservation
Thus, overview in the world and in Viet Nam about Anoectochilus setaceus Blume,
researches is very litter, most research mainly on morphological characteristics and
distribution of the species. Some studies have not found the solution of species
conservation in the area research. Besides, the research has not yet applied in practice

6


CHAPTER II
NATURAL – ECONOMIC – SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN BA VI
NATIONAL PARKS
2.1 Natural conditions:
2.1.1 Geographical location:
-

Ba Vi National Park has geographical coordinates: 20055 '- 21,007' North latitude;

-

105 018 '- 105 030' East Longitude.

-

Ba Vi National Park is located in 5 districts of Ba Vi, Thach That, Quoc Oai of Ha
Noi Capital, Luong Son and Ky Son district of Hoa Binh province.

-

Total area of Ba Vi National Park is 7.377 ha:
o Ecological rehabilitation area: the acreage approximately 4.646ha on
elevation from 100m to 400m
o Protection area: the acreage approximately 2.140ha on elevation from 400m
o Buffer zone: the acreage is 14.144ha

2.1. 2 Topographic:
-

In Ba Vi National Park has several peaks over 1000m elevations such as: King
Mount (1296), Tan Vien peak (1227m), Ngoc Hoa peak (1131m), South Vienna
summit (1081m) and several lower peaks as Lobster Cave top 776, priced to 714m .

-

The average slope of the area is 250, the slope increases with increasing altitude.
From the elevation 400m, average slope 350.

-

Elevation of the study area is 900m.

2.1.3. Climate:
-

The average annual temperature is 23,32oC.

-

Average annual rainfall: 2033mm

-

The average humidity: 83%

-

Ability to evaporation: from 861.9 mm / year to 759,5mm / year,

-

The total amount of annual solar radiation from 120-130 kilocalorie / cm2

7


2.1.4. Biodiversity:
In Ba Vi National Park, we have three types of fore: Forest moist evergreen tropical
rain; mixed evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous forest and subtropical evergreen
broadleaf tropical moist montage low
- Flora: urgently, it has been said over 1,000 species of plants, of which there are
about 200 species of medicinal plants. Many precious and rare species such as Calocedrus
marcrolepis, podocarpus nerrifolius…
- Fauna: 45 species of mammals, 115 birds, 61 reptiles and 27 species of

amphibians, many of which are rare species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam and
the world
2.1.5 Hydrology
The system streams in the region mainly in two main directions: the north, the
northeast is a tributary of the Red River and West River is a tributary of Da
2.1.6 Forest resources and forest lands
The total area approximate 10,814.6 hectares forest and forest land. Inside:
-

Strict protection zone: 1.648,6 ha

-

Ecological restoration zones: 8.823,5 ha

2.2 Economic – social conditions
2.2.1 Population, ethnic, labor
Population in the region is 20 569 households, 89 981 people. Accounting for
77.3% of Muong ethnic; Kinh 20.4%; Dao ethnic 2.15% and 0.15% of the Thai people.
Total workforce is 51 558 people.
2.2.2 Agricultural production
The area of agricultural land in the area is mainly forest land, accounting for
44.9%; Agricultural land accounts for 22.04%. The average agricultural land per capita is

8


low, 996 m2 / person (including land and rice paddy crop land). Food production: average
4.55 tons / ha / year.
2.2.3 Forestry production

In areas without exploiting natural forests, plantation forests managed by the park,
planted forests in the communes under Program 327, 661 and other projects is not so
protective forest exploitation.12.2.4 Industrial processing of agricultural and forestry
products, services
2.2.6 Infrastructure
-

Education: The whole area has 14.731 students with 1.309 teachers.

-

Traffic: communes have communal roads have been paved. National grid system

has to all communes.

9


CHAPTER III
GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES
3.1. Objective
-

Review the variety of species in Ba Vi National park

-

Determined: distribution, number of individual, characteristic of Anoectochilus
setaceus Blum in Ba Vi National Park.

-

Suggest the conservation Anoectochilus setaceus Blum

-

Proposed solutions to conservation

3.2. Object:
-

Research on Anoectochilus setaceus Blum in Ba Vi National Park

3.3. Timeline:
From 17 July to 1 October 2016

10


CHAPTER IV
METHOD
4.1. Collect existing data:
-

Prepare: document and map

-

Inherit:


Some research about Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National

Park and other area


Book, internet to find out the information about the object of research



Information, data in Ba Vi National Park

4. 2 Fieldwork method:
4.2.1. Explore preliminary:
- Find direction from map
- Find out the main distribution area
4.2.2 Interview Survey methods:
A personal interview survey, also called as a face-to-face survey, is a survey
method that is utilized when a specific target population is involved. The purpose of
conducting a personal interview survey is to gather more and deeper information. In this
research, I have a little information about the object of study. So I need the local
knowledge to identify: the location of the individual distribution; individual density;
elevation....
The object of interview is the following:
+ Human, who live in the core area of Ba Vi National Park
+ Rangers forest
+ Management boards of National Park
I will interview 20 people. Table below shows the list of people interviewed

11

Table 4.1: The list of people interviewed about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum
in Ba Vi National Park
No

Name

Sexual

Job

1

Mr. Hung

Male

Beputy director of BVNP

2

Mr. Son

Male

science room of BVNP

3

Mr. Chinh

Male

Ranger in Coot 1100m

4

Do Thi Lien

5

Female

Business

Nguyen Van Cuong

Male

Worker

6

Phan Van Hung

Male

Business

7

Chu Thanh Lam

Male

Ranger

8

Tran Thu Ha

Female

Business

9

Lo Van Lam

Male

Worker

10

Nguyen Van Tinh

Male

Famer

11

Nong Van Lanh

Male

Famer

12

Nguyen Van Han

Male

the oriental medicine

13

Tran Xuan Quang

Male

Worker

14

Tran Thu Hang

Female

Business

15

La Van Tinh

Male

Worker

16

Nguyen Thu Huong

Female

Famer

17

Tran Quang Hieu

Male

the oriental medicine

18

Nguyen Van Lanh

Male

Worker

19

Nguyen Thanh Tam

Male

Ranger

20

Cu Thanh Ha

Female

Famer

12


4.2.3 Make plot:
After interview, I have some information of species about distribution so I will
choose place to make plot.
Distribution by forest type: distributed in secret forest of evergreen broadleaf subtropical
low of mountain, forest structure tree usually has 2 floors.

Distribution by elevation: the elevation above 930m
 I with make about 4 plots base on distribution of species, area of each plot is
25m x 40m.
The purpose of make plot is find the number of individuals of the species, which
finds the total individuals in National Park. Steps up sample plots:
Step 1: determine the location standard plot
+ Plot criteria must fit in the forest plot.
+ Plot must be located away from major the trail, road, and forest cover at least 10
meters.
+ Plot must not pass through slots or ridges squeezed.
+ Plot must be consistent on the structural elements of terrain, land ...
+ Plot does not contain big gaps in cell (density of trees to spread in the entire area
of the cell).
+ To facilitate the manipulation investigation.
Step 2: Make plot. I will use measuring by tape, staff and twine. Establish 30
2x2m- subplot in each plot to inventory the Anoectochilus setaceus Blum. This is the shape
of one plot after I make it

13


40m

25m

2

Step 3: Determining of individuals
Step 4:
The table shows the number individuals:

Table : Number individuals each plot
Elevation

plot

Co-ordinate

Total individual

Noted

We need to know about the growth of each tree, so I will show by table:
4.2.4 Data analysis:
-

Measurement data in the field before processing, analysis should be conducted to
calculate and check back to find errors in the process of recording.

-

Input data to Excel.

-

According Sampling method, I know that is Simple random sampling. So I use the
form to estimate total of trees in BVNP:

-

We find: Estimate the population mean µ

Form the average of individual in each plot; I can estimate density of species. I use
formula:
14


N = (μ * 10000) / S
N: Density of species
μ: average of individual in each plot
S: area of plot (1000m2)
4.2.6 Solutions proposed method:
From the research results and the actual situation locally collected information,
assess the difficulties and advantages, opportunities and challenges in the management and
conservation of the species in the study area. The solution must be realistic.

15


CHAPTER V
RESULT
From the field trip, after making 4 plots, I determined the diversity about the
number of individuals of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park
Firstly, morphological characteristics of mature trees are described as follows:
5.1. Morphological characteristics:
Anotiectochilus cetaceus Blume is a herbaceous plant, growing in soil, its trunk is
succulent, has 2 – 6 leaves. Leaves have egg-shaped, tip of leave is sharp – pointed and
short with size of leaves about 3 – 5cm x 2 – 3cm. Leaves, usually brown soil, grow
around the body twists and have different size: bigger, older leaves and young leaves.
Network system is feather veins leaf, usually with 5 ribbed stem and emerge on the leaves.
Midrib is usually yellowish while the rest are the pink veins. Chard is about 0.5 cm –

1.2cm long, usually smooth and white with green. Flowers grow in bunches at the tips of
the tree, the axis of flower is about 5 – 20cm long, has red-brown hairy brought from 4 –
10 flowers. Seasonal flowers bloom from October – December, ripening season from
December – February. Plant can focus into bush with 3 – 5 individuals.
* Stem: The stem grows vertically with a diameter of about 2.5 - 3.5 cm, usually
2.8cm. Stems have many internodes with different lengths, each tree has about 2-4
internodes with average length of about 2 - 6 cm. The trunk is succulent, it usually without
wool and pale blue
* Root: Roots are horizontally above the ground sometimes slightly incline, crawl
on the ground. Rhizome's length is from 5 -14cm,r the average is 9.4 cm. Diameter of
rhizome is from 2.5 cm – 4 cm, the average is 3.05cm. The number of internodes on the
rhizome is 3 – 10, the average is 4.71internodes. The length of each internode is 1 – 6 cm,
average is 2.01cm. Rhizome usually has blue and white color, sometimes reddish brown,
usually smooth, not hairy.
16


Picture 5.1: The roots of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume
* Leaves: The leaves are brown pink, each tree from 2-6 leaves, usually 4 leaves.
Leaves twisted around the body, spread on the ground. Leaf surface has pile.

Picture 5. 2: The leave of Anoectochilus

Picture 5.3: The leave of Anoectochilus

setaceus Blume (Front)

setaceus Blume (Back)

17

* Flower: The flower of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume has the inflorescence
with length about 5 ÷ 7cm, has about 5 ÷ 10 flowers with the length of each flower about
2.5cm. The flowering season is from October to December. Anoectochilus setaceus Blume
is a beautiful flower, pink, ornamental cultivation brings to high economic value.
Therefore, there should be the methods in planting and crossbred genetic resources to serve
the aesthetic and artistic values.

Picture 5.4: Flower of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park
* Fruit: In the period of research, I could not observe because it wasn’t the fruiting
season. But the survey results from interviews, combined with the use of the material, I
know that: The fruit has an oval shape or rhombus with sides, cover with a small feather
wrap. The fruit has Pink-purple color and when being ripens, it has red or yellow color.
Fruit is ripe in February and March. The diameter of the fruit is from 0.4 - 0.7cm, length is
about 1.8 - 2.5cm
5.2. The diversity of the number of individuals according to the state forest:
From interviewing 20 people, number of people has knowledge about species
makes up approximately 90%. During the period from 2005 onwards, the species has been

18


well known, but in recent years and, the number of individuals has been very limited. The
area of research has elevation from 900m upwards, the state forest is rich forest:
Table 5.1 Distribution of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume according to the state of forest

Plot

Number of

The proportion of

Density

individual/plot

individuals (%)

(tree/ha)

State forest

1

Rich forest

50

29.4

500

2

Rich forest

15

8.8

150

3

Rich forest

88

51.8

880

4

Rich forest

17

10

170

42.5

100

425

Average

From the table 5.2, we see the number of individual each plot is 42.5, the average
density of Anoectochilus setaceus Blum in rich forest is 425 individual/ha. With the state of
forest is rich forest, its density is less than the trees observed in the same plots. Such as,
plot 1 has about 80trees/plots, plot 3 has 120trees/plot. The cause of the current situation is
due to the impact on the environment to the development of the species. Featuring
succulent plants, stamping plants vulnerable when it rains. Besides, the tree that growing in
the ground, beneath the tree canopy jungle was affected by the natural: The tree was buried
when the season of deciduous. But, the average density of species in Ba Vi National Park
is higher than some of the other places, such as Sung Phang commune, Tam Duong
district, Lai Chau province ( Hoang A Lo, 2014, Research about succession conservation
and development of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Sung Phang commune, Tam Duong
district, Lai Chau province) - 60 trees/ha.
The result of distribution density of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume embedded in the
map 5.2

19