Tailieuvui com trong tam kien thuc tieng anh 10

UNIT 3 MUSIC
1. Vocabulary
• passionate (adj):
• deceiving (adj):
• biography (n):
• talent (n):
• talented (adj):
• solo (adj):
• debut (n/v):
• album (n):
• achieve (v):
• achievement (n):
• rhythm (n):
• emphasize (v):
• romantic love (n):
• contest (n):
• entrant (n):
• judge (n):

PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
• devotee (n):
• ardent (adj):
• adore (v):
• extract (n):
• release (v):
• platinum (n)
• territory (n):
• worldwide (adj/adv): global
• phenomenon (n):
• launch (v):
• air (v):

• eliminate (v):
• composer (n):
• child prodigy (n):
• renowned (adj):
noted celebrity (n):
• nuance (n):
• melody (n):

2. Grammar
2.1. Compound sentences: câu ghép
2.1.1. Form:
Sentence 1 +, and/or/but/so/yet/for + sentence 2
e.g. He bought that car last year, and it was used regularly.
(Anh ấy mua chiếc xe đó năm ngối và nó đã được dùng thường xuyên.)
* Note:
Coordinating conjunction (liên từ kết hợp): and/or/but/so/yet/for
2.1.2. Use:
> Câu ghép là câu gồm hai câu đơn nối với nhau bởi liên từ kết hợp and or/but/so/yet/for và chúng ta
dùng dấu phẩy (,) trước liên từ kết hợp.
e.g Ana doesn’t have much money, but she is willing to share wi the poor.
(Ana khơng có nhiều tiền nhưng cô ấy vẫn sẵn sàng chia sẻ với người nghèo.) *
2.2. “to” infinitive: động từ nguyên thể có “to”
Động từ nguyên thể có “to” thường theo sau các động từ sau: agree, aim, appear, arrange, attempt, be
able, be likely, claim, decide, deserve, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, seem, tend,
try.
e.g. His employees try to finish the project.
(Nhân viên của anh ấy cố gắng hoàn tất dự án.)
Her students are able to communicate in English successfully.
(Học sinh của cơ ấy có thể giao tiếp bằng Tiếng Anh thành công.)
David deserves to get mark 10 because he studies very hard and has appropriate strategies. (David đáng

được điểm 10 vì cậu ấy học rất chăm và có các chiến lược phù hợp.) * Note: một số động từ được theo
sau bởi tân ngữ + to infinitive: advise, allow, encourage, force, get, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn ...
e.g. His father advised him to work as a volunteer.
(Bố cậu ấy khuyên cậu ấy làm tình nguyện viên)
My students always remind me to send them extra exercises.
(Học sinh của mình ln nhắc mình gửi bài tập làm thêm cho các bạn ấy.)
2.3. Infinitive without "to": động từ nguyên thể không "to"
Động từ nguyên thể không “to” thường theo sau các động từ sau + tân ngừ: feel, hear, help, let, make,
notice, see, watch.
e g. His parents let him make his own decision.


(Bố mẹ cậu ấy để cậu ấy tự quyết đinh.)
They made John pay fee.
(Họ bắt John đóng phí.)
PART II. PRACTICE
2. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. They let us ____ (use) this room for our study.
2. I decided ____ (do) a hotel management course in 2012 .
3. Their clients agree _____ (pay) by check.
4. Recently, her husband has made her ____ (stay) at home.
5. The course helps me ____________ (understand) my cat better.
6. Their family didn’t want _______(move) to Scotland last year.
7. Taking part in many contests has taught me ___________ (perform) more confidently. 8.
He was made _______ (hand) over all of his property.
9. Have you ever hoped _______- (see) your idol in real life?
10. I chose ____________ (not participate) in that competition.
3. Complete the following sentences.
1. You should hand in your assignment on time if you want ________________
2. When your dog barks frequently, you need _______________

3. Look at his car. It definitely needs ______________---.
4. Well, with my English class, my teacher was so supportive that I tried very hard ______________.
5. Peter and Jane weren’t able to see the concert because they forgot __________________________.
4. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Her family and friends advised her concentrate on study.
2. Teachers can still be creative and let their students to decide how they learn.
3. They wanted her consider their advice before she made up her mind
4. Parents should try make their home stimulating.
5. Your receptionist told me take a seat while she dealt with some old customers.
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
I. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
1. launched 2. Eliminate 3. post 4. emphasize
5. typically
6. renowned
7. biography
8. Passionate
9. originated
10. idol
1. By having a look at her ___________ , we can know more about her.
2. We need to recognize that when people adore a job, they are _________ about it and they are likely
to work successful with it.
3. Nowadays, it is said that a lot of teenagers blindly or excessively adore their _______________
4. In order to be noticed by many people, he has started to _______________ his homemade videos on
the internet lately. Some people say that this is not a good way to be famous.
5. In the past, it was hard for people to be noted, but today, this has changed. They can become
____________ with the aid of advertisement and promotion.
6. Few viewers have watched this program since it first ______________ in our country because it has
been interfered with a lot of advertisement.
7. To make sure that there are only competent candidates for the next round, they _____________ the
ones that can’t answer correctly 5 first questions.

8. Quan Ho singing _____________ in Bac Ninh Province in the 13th century, and is sung at spring
festivals.
9. A dangdut band ______________ consists of a male or female lead singer, who is backed by an
unusual mix of musical instruments.
10. His works often ___________ on the values of family life as well as the relationship among people
in society.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.


1. composer +
2. rhythm+
3. launch +
4. contestant +
5. judge +

a. a strong regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements
b. a person who takes part in a contest
c. a person who writes music
d. to make a product available to the public for the first time
e. a person who decides who has won a competition

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. He looks ____________ on stage. (passion)
2. This is one of the most _____________entertainment formats in the UK. It attracts a significantly
huge number of audience, (success)
3. The _________ have to get over that challenge to win in this contest. (contest)4.
Is Vietnam Idol an ________ program or a franchised one? (origin)
5. Van Cao is known as one of the most important _________ of modern Vietnamese music. (compose)
6. His song, Tien Quan Ca, is the _________ anthem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, (nation)
7. After his __________ received the Ho Chi Minh prize. (die)

8. Exercising regularly is a powerful weapon to enhance _________________ well-being. (psychology)
9. His important _______________ is to invent the instrumental ballade. (achieve)
10. The male singers will sing their challenge phrase with a _________ melody, like musical ping pong.
(differ)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. This reality TV show soon became a worldwide phenomenon. The underlined word has the closest
meaning to:
A. nation
B. national
C.global
D. globe
2. William: “How did she become famous?” - Scot: “____________”
A. Yes, she became famous.
B. Five years ago.
C. She took part in a lot of contests.
D. It's unbelievable that she was famous.
3. He was also the first ____________ artist to have four singles to enter the Top 40.
A. chorus.
B. solo
C. simple
D. private
4. This figure graduated ____________ a very famous music school and devoted his life to arts.
A. on
B. from
C. of
D. into
5. “They made Peter create a Quan Ho performance" has the closest meaning to:
A. Peter made to create a Quan Ho performance.
B. Peter was made to create a Quan Ho performance.
C. Peter was made create a Quan Ho performance.

D. Peter was created a Quan Ho performance.
6. Because of its significance, this reality TV program has been __________ by thousands of viewers all
over the country.
A. done
B. watched
C. washed
D. produced
7. He was one of the most prominent __________ during the international liberation movements.
A. math
B. numbers
C. figures
D. calculation
8. The football match was wonderful at the beginning __________ , it was awful at the end.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. so
9. These days, things have become more convenient; for example, you can buy airline tickets at air
agencies, ________________ you can purchase them online.
A. yet
B . for
C . so
D. or
10 This will be a hopeful season of this entertainment format to air in the near future. The underlined
word has the closest meaning to:
A. breathe out
B. breathe in
C. broadcast
D. inhale
11. You should feel happy because your mum and dad always encourage you ________hard.

A. work
B. to work
C. worked
D. working
12. I think that they will not agree to let you __________ out late at night.
A. go
B. going
C. to go
D. gone
13. He is looking forward ______________ the result from this contest
A. receive
B. receiving
C. to receive
D. to receiving
14. It took my teacher nearly three years __________ his research on motivating students in learning


English by using wore games.
A complete
B. to completing
C. completed
D. to complete
15. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differentl from the others.
A request
B. protest
C. nest
D.harvest
16. Lately, several oils, including rose and lemon, have been shown _________ anxiety, stress and
depression.
A. relieve

B. to relieve
C. to relieved
D. to relieving
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Her fans admit that (A) her voice (B) is beautiful, and (C) her performance (D) is not skillful.
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Three days (A) ago, Mary asked her (B) teachers give (C) her some (D) advice.
19. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
A. confident
B. indent
C. measurement
D. encouragement
20. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
A. accurate
B. concentrate
C. penetrate
D. accommodate
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. helped / This / to / course / fears. / has / me / overcome / my
2. composer, / He / he / was / health. / a gifted / but / had to / poor / suffer
3. on / managed / you / finish / assignment / time? / Have / to / your
5. independently. / the new / style, teachers / With / let / learning / us / work
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Fun Facts About the Saxophone
A relatively new-kid-on-the block as instruments go, the saxophone _____________ (1) invented
less than 200 years ago! Here is a short sampling of facts about this versatile instrument. While typically
constructed of brass, the saxophone is _________ (2) a member of the woodwind family. The sax earns
this classification because of the way sound is produced: a player’s embouchure creates an airtight seal
over the mouthpiece, vibrating a single reed in the manner of a clarinet. Brass instruments,
_______________ (3) contrast, are played by buzzing one’s lips on the rim of the mouthpiece.

Despite the previous statement that saxes are usually made of brass, there are exceptions. Some
models are made partially (or even entirely) of more precious ___________ (4) such as bronze, copper,
or sterling silver. A few models of plastic saxophones have been produced over the years. In the 1950s
and 1960s, acrylic plastic alto saxes were popularly available under the brand name Grafton. The bodies
of these instruments were ___________ (5) of then state-of-the-art injection-molded plastic, the keys
being made of metal. Famous players known to occasionally perform on Grafton saxophones include
Charlie Parker and Ornette Coleman.
One of the most important _____________ (6) of a saxophone’s sound is the mouthpiece a
player uses. On the subject of unusual materials, saxophone mouthpieces were originally made of wood.
At first, they were made out of softer woods such as boxwood and later, ________ (7) harder wood such
as grenadilla and rosewood. A few boutique manufacturers such as Theo Wanne still make
wooden mouthpieces today. Upon the invention of vulcanized rubber, hard rubber mouthpieces became
popular _________ (8) their strength and versatility; rubber mouthpieces remain extremely popular to
this day with both jazz and classical players. As an alternative, many professional players also like to
use metal _________ (9), which tend to allow for a powerful tone that projects mightily. Plastic
mouthpieces are the most popular choice of mouthpiece for beginners as they are easy to make, durable,
(10) __________ relatively inexpensive. There are even a few manufacturers out there making ceramic
mouthpieces!
1. A. are
B . were
C. was
D. is
2. A. actually
B . true
C . actual
D. truth
3.
A. to
B. by
C.of

D. at


4. A. liquors
5. A. done
6. A. ingredients
7. A. primary
8. A. due to
9. A. mouth
10. A. so

B . water
C . bricks
D. metals
B . used
C. made
D. let
B. components
C . functions D. condition
B . prime
C. primarily
D. price
B . but
C . so
D. despite
B . mouthful
C. mouthpieces
D. mouthy
B . yet
C . but

D. and

UNIT 4 FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
• community (n):
• charity (n):
• volunteer (n/v):
• disadvantaged (adj):
• interact (v):
• concerned (adj):
• aware (adj):
• gain (v):
• fortunate (adj):
• ignorant (adj):
• narrow minded (adj):
• dedicated (adj):
• attachment (n):
• low-income (adj):

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

remote (adj):
priority (n):
urgent (adj):
donate (v):
handicapped (adj):
martyr (n):
war invalid (n):
direct (v):
independent (adj):
contribute (v):
lawyer (n):
violence (n):
non-profit (adj):
by chance (adv phr):

2. Grammar
2.1 The past simple tense: thì quá khứ đơn
2.1.1. Form:
+) s + V-e(d)/2 He went to the cinema.
-) s + did not + V He did not go to the cinema.
?) Did +S + V? Did he go to the cinema?
2.1.2. Use:
Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ.
e g. They visited Thailand last year. Now they are travelling in Europe.
(Họ đã thăm Thái Lan nãm ngoái. Giờ họ đang đi du lịch Châu Ầu)

2.2. The past progressive tense: thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
2.2.1 Form:
+) S + was/were + V- ing
-) S + was/were not +V-ing
?) Was/Were +S + V-ing??
2.2.2. Use:
Thì quá khứ tiếp diền diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại 1 thời điếm cụ thể trong quá khứ.
e.g. She was painting the fence at 10 A.m. yesterday.
(Cô ấy đang sơn hàng rào lúc 10 giờ sáng hơm qua)
+)Note:
Các trạng từ thường dung với thì q khử tiếp diễn: at 4 p.m., yesterday, ... at this/that time
yesterday/last night/last month/ last year, ...
2.4. Adjective suffixes (hậu tố): -ed vs. -ing; -ful vs. -less
2.4.1. -ed vs. -ing:
Tính từ có hậu tố -ing (boring, interesting, exciting, amazing, ...) chỉ bản chất của người hoặc vật cịn
tính từ có hậu tố -ed (bored, interested, excited, amazed, ...) chỉ cảm giác của ai đó.


2.4.2 -ful vs -less
Thơng thường tính từ có hậu tố -ful (careful, useful, hopeful, ...) mang tính tích cực cịn hậu tố -less
(careless, useless, hopeless, ...) thì ngược lại.
PART II. PRACTICE
2. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. They ___________ (buy) this house 7 years ago.
2. I __________(decide) to do a hotel management course in 2012 .
3. He ______________ (teach) English in this university at this time last year.
4. At 9 p.m. yesterday, Jack and Jill ______________ (not drive) home.
5. Her nephew ________ (sit) on the couch and _________ (eat) his breakfast at 7 yesterday morning.
6. Their family -_____________ (not want) to move to Scotland last year.
7. Alan -_____________(listen) to music and working (work) on his computer at that time last month.

8. We ___________ (drive) when we __________ (realize) that it was snowing more and more heavily.
9. Yesterday, our car broke down on the way home. While we _________ (wait) for help, we
___________ (sing) lots of songs to keep ourselves cheerful.
10. Five years ago, I ____________ (choose) not to participate in that competition.
3. Complete the following sentences.
1. While he was digging in the garden, ____________
2. Peter ___________ when the burglar broke into his house
3. She made us excited about the subject because ______________________.
4. Something similar happened while she ___________ us how to work the microscope.
5. Helen and Jessica weren’t able to see the concert because they ______________
4. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. On their trip last year, they help a lot of disadvantaged and handicapped children.
2. At this time 4 years ago, we donate food and clothes to low-income people in remote area.
3. When I work with them for the first time, many of them couldn’t read or write.
4. He was walking along the corridor when he was seeing a job advertisement on the notice board
5. Suddenly we have to brake hard as the car in front stopped suddenly.
PART III. TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
1. Priority
2. hopeless
3. aware
4. interesting
5. continued
6. interested
7. volunteers
8. Donate
9. directing
10. gain
1. Some of them were _________ at Math because they even couldn’t do the simplest calculation.
2. Young generation should find out more about the history of our country through interesting

documentary films so that they become more _______ of national issues.
3. There are top important things to do to develop a country. Most of people agree that the first ______
is revolutionizing education.
4. You can _______ not only food and clothes but also time and work in the office of this organization.
5. We need experienced, creative and patient _______ to work as teachers at our Charity Centre.
6. Taking part in _________ the traffic is also a form of volunteer work in your community.
7. After that, he ________ to fight for the rights of poor people and became a hero for millions of
people.
8. The love and affection for the handicapped orphans made her ________ in the job advertised.
9. For some people, this type of work has no fun, but he thinks that it is __________
10.Volunteer work is a great way to _________ experience in a broad range of fields.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. ignorant +

a. working hard at something because it is important to you

2. by chance +

b. an organization for helping people in need

3. dedicated +

c. without planning to

4. urgent +

d. lacking knowledge or information about something


5. charity +

e. needing to be dealt with immediately

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. At that time, colored people and white people were not treated ____________and he fought for the
rights of colored people. (equal)
2. Those _____________ children have many problems and they really need our help. (advantage)
3. There are more and more youngsters who are____________ in doing volunteer work. (interest)
4. I got some ___________ advice from my teacher. It was really helpful. (use)
5. He was very __________ about this film because the main character motivated him to be more
confident. (excite)
6. This season is very ________--. Millions of viewers have watched it since it first aired. (excite)
7. People who volunteer in their community have a personal_________-_____to the area. (attach)
8. He was a ___________ man and against all forms of violence. (peace)
9. In 1914, the British ruled India and Gandhi wanted the British to leave India so that the country could
become____________. (depend)
10. Mother Teresa was said to be one of the most________ personalities of the twentieth century.
(influence)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. By working for an international organization, he takes opportunities to have a worldwide network of
friends and interact with a variety of people. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. relate to
B. communicate with
C. dedicate with
D. roommate with 2.
Tony: “It sounds interesting. How did you get the job?” ~ James: "________"
A. Yes, it was really amazing.
B. I received that interesting job in 2014.
C. I got it last year.
D. Just by chance.

3. This method seems to be _____ . A lot of students who follow it can improve their pronunciation
quickly.
A. use
B. useful
C. useless
D. misused
4. Joining a hand in helping your community helps you gain experience _______ many fields such as
education, social work and health care.
A. in
B . out
C. during
D. into
5. “While we were having dinner, the phone rang.” has the closest meaning to:
A. While the phone was ringing, we had dinner.
B. While the phone ringing, we had dinner.
C. We were having dinner when the phone rang. D. While the phone was ringing, we having dinner.
6. This group of university students had to spend a ____ night preparing stuff for the following day.
A. sleep
B. slept
C. sleepless
D. sleeps
7. He was peaceful man and ________ all forms of violence.
A for
B. with
C. again
D . against
8. Your job is likely to include welcoming guests and receiving _______ for our Charity Centre.
A. donate
B. donations
C. donors

D. donated
9. This figure became interested in politics and ________ to leave his first university for protesting.
A. force
B. forced
C. was forcing
D. was forced
10. He continued to fight against the ruling government which was extremely cruel. The underlined
word has the closest meaning to:
A. structure
B. struggle
C. find
D. discover
11. At first, her superiors tried to discourage her from leaving the convent, but in the end they ______ to
let her go.
A. agreed
B. was agreeing
C. to agree
D. agreeing
12. After taking part in public activities in their community, they realized that they had been ignorant or
_______ before.
A. narrow-minded
B. large-minded
C. full-minded
D. thin-minded
13. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
A. island
B. plan
C. bank
D. pretend
14. We were travelling through the forest when we ________ a python.

A. face
B. was facing
C. faced
D. was faced
15. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
A. understand
B. expand
C. England
D. sand
16. Do you get __________ if you have to work overtime?
A. annoy
B. to annoy
C. annoying
D. annoyed
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Do (A) you like playing computer (B) games or are you tiring (C) of them (D)?
18. We were pretty (A) scary because we were skidding (B) and went off the road (C) into a (D)
ditch.
19. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
A. accident
B. prevent
C. attachment
D. encouragement
20. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others. A.
prolong
B. song
C. among
D. strong

5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. purchased / and / last / sister / a lot / his / of / Tom / novels / winter.
2. Christmas/ They / decorating / trees / 8 p.m. / were / yesterday, /at
3. when /I / talking to / asked / a friend / the / me / teacher / a question./ was
4. famous / She / was / became / awarded for / not only / her devotion. / but also
5. that / film / so / top / frightening /I / was / shouted / the / of my / at / voice./ The
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Volunteer in Spain
International Volunteers, Gap Year Travelers and those looking for an ______ (1) opportunity to
volunteer work overseas must volunteer in Spain. Volunteering in Spain will be a fun and ____ (2)
experience where you can get _____ (3) in the Mediterranean culture, learn new skills and meet new
people. In Spain, Volunteering Solutions has programs in_____ (4) with local organizations in the
Valencia Region in the Eastern part of Spain. Valencia is a _____ (5) city with almost one million
residents. The city is rich in cultural ______ (6) and has more than fifteen kilometers of beaches. While
_____ (7) in Valencia, you will find _____ (8) people who are happy to meet international volunteers.
The area is very well linked to other main European capitals ______(9) air, train and road. While
volunteering in the Valencia region, volunteers also get a chance to visit smaller and traditional
Spanishtowns like Denia wheretheprojects are also located. Volunteering Solutions offers conservation
and community social welfare projects in the region where volunteers can help in conservation work
such as Marine conservation or work with children from ______ (10) backgrounds.
1. A. excited
B. exciting
C. excite
D. excitement
2. A. challenging
B. challenged
C. bored
D. boring
3. A. immerse
B . immersing

C. immersed
D. immersers
4. A. partnership
B . ship
C. pattern
D. part
5. A. postal
B . post
C. coast
D. coastal
6. A. decorate
B. heritage
C. hesitate
D. relate
7. A. volunteering
B. volunteered
C. volunteer
D. volunteers
8. A. welcomed
B. welcomingly
C. welcome
D. welcoming
9. A. by
B. out
C . into
D. for
10. A. disadvantaged
B. advantage
C. disadvantage
D. advance

UNIT 5 INVENTIONS
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
• generous (adj):
• screen (n):
• portable (adj):

• economical (adj):
• versatile (adj):
• definitely (adv):


• invention (n):
fastener (n):
spacesuit (n):
• wisely (adv):
• printer (n):
• access (n):
• charge (n/v):
• bulky (adj):
• congestion (n):
• handheld (adj):
• collapse (v):
• device (n):
• collapsible (adj):
• laptop (n):
• consumption (n):
• processor (n):
• speed (n):

• inspire (v):
• speaker (n):
• inspiration (n):
• earbud (n):
• imitate (v):
• incubator (n):
• submarine (n):
• instant (adj):
• undersea (adj):
• patent (v/n):
• fabric (n):
• biodiesel (n):
• fastener (n):
• palm (n):
• hook-and-loop
2. Grammar
2.1. The present perfect tense: thì hỉện tại hoàn thành
2.1.1 Form:
+) S + has/have + past participle
He has done his homework.
-) S + has/have not + past participle
I have not done my homework.
?) Has/Have + S + past participle?
Have you done your homework?
+) haven’t = have not, hasn’t = has not
2.1.2. Use:
Thì hiện tại hồn thành diễn tả:
+) Sự việc diễn ra trước hiện tại nhưng thời gian của sự việc không được đề cập hoặc không rõ ràng
(quá khứ không xác định).
e.g. They have visited Thailand.

(Họ đã thăm Thái Lan)
She has met him before.
(Cô ấy đã gặp anh ấy trước đây)
*) Note:
Các trạng từ thường dùng trong trường hợp này: ever, never, before, up to now, up to the present, still,
till now, so far, recently, just.
+ Kết quả của sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ tính đến thời điểm hiện tại.
Eg: I have lived here for 5 years.
(Mình đã sống ở đây được 5 năm)
She has worked for 2 companies since she graduated from university.
(Chị ấy đã làm việc cho 2 công ty từ lúc chị ấy tốt nghiệp đại học)
*) Note:
+ For + khoảng thời gian: for 3 days, for 5 weeks, for the last week
+ Since + mốc thời gian: since last week, since Monday, since her childhood, since they moved,.. +
2.2. Gerunds and infinitives: danh động từ và động từ nguyên thể
2.2.1. Form:
Gerunds: V-ing learning, working, relaxing, entertaining
Infinitives: to V to learn, to work, to relax, to entertain
2.2.2. Use.
+ Để chỉ mục đích ta có thể dùng to infinitive hoặc for + V-ing
E.g: I find a partner to practice English.


(Mình tìm một bạn để thực hành Tiếng Anh)
Computers are used for controlling manufacture.
(Máy tính được dùng để điều khiển sản xuất)
PART II. PRACTICE
2. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Sarah __________ (collect) plenty of information for the assignment recently.
2. The lives of Vietnamese farmers ______________ (change) dramatically since the invention of the

harvesting machine.
3. He ______________ (teach) English in this university for 3 years.
4. That university _____________ (not hold) any seminars since September.
5. His father-in-law ______________- (do) research since last year.
6. My classmates and I ______________ (just/receive) the results of our recent exams.
7. I ____________ (read) all the books on the reading list today, so I have the notes now.
8. This is the longest essay that I _____________ (ever/have) to write.
9._______ you ___________ (complete) your assignment yet?
10. I realize that I ____________- (not spend) much time away from home up to now, but am keen to
become more independent.
3. Complete the following sentences.
1. They know a lot about people and cultures all over the world because they ______________.
2. Jane can show visitors the exact places to go, as she _____________________________.
3. I have many students throughout the country because I ____________________________
4. Our teacher, Mr. Mckenna, uses the projector to _________________________________.
5. Facebook is used for _____________________
4. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. A pair of compasses are used for draw circles.
2. He has just bought a pencil case to held his pens and pencils.
3. A correction pen is used for cover writing mistakes.
4. British women overtake British men in Internet usage since 2005.
5. How did your life change over the past ten years?
PART III. TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
1. economical
2. chop
3. wisely
4. Inventions
5. submarine
6. contributed

7. versatile
8 . earbuds 9 . access
10. games
1. They say that it is more convenient when ____________ are used for listening to music without
disturbing other people.
2. This kind of car is very ____________ so we do not have to spend too much money on buying petrol
or diesel.
3. The computer is said to be one of the most significant ____________ of human beings. 4.
If you use the internet ____________ discover a variety of new things.
5 In our modem life, people have loads of work to do, so they want to own the very ____________
devices which can do many things.
6. We can use a laptop or a smartphone to get ___________ to the Internet.
7. To feel at ease, some children use a handheld video game device to play computer ________ 8.
A food processor is normally used to __________ up or mix food.
9. The ___________ which can travel underwater, imitates a dolphin’s shape. 10. Science and
technology have __________ to environmental protection and natural preservation. 2. Match each
word/phrase on the left with Its description on the right.
1. bulky +

a. the source makes someone want to create something

2. access +

b. to copy somebody/something

3. congestion +

c. the opportunity or right to use something

4. imitate +

d. large and difficult to move or carry

5. inspiration +

e. the state of being crowded and full of traffic

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Social networking sites can be used for creating your __________ profile and contacting your friends.
(person)
2. Studies have shown that __________ for inventions mostly comes from the natural world. (inspire)
3. Scientists and _________have observed things in nature to design new products to serve humans.
(invent)
4. Since then, Velcro has gradually become a familiar ___ for shoes, jackets and even spacesuits.
(fasten)
5. This 3-D _
is used to produce solid objects similar to the originals. (print)
6. Traffic
has been considered one of the most serious and urgent problems of our country.
(congest)
7. The petrol
of this type of motorbike is estimated approximately 2 litrers per 100 km.
(consume)
8. A digital camera is quite
because you do not have to spend money on rolls of film.
(economy)
9. Some people like a small screen, as it is portable, but the other ones want a
one to watch
films conveniently with big images. (bulk)

10. A medical
is the invention which is admitted to be really humane. (incubate)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. They try to imitate the wings and shape of animals in nature to produce parts of vehicles. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. irritate
B. irrigate
C . paste
D. copy
2. Paul: “What do you think is the most useful invention in medicine?” - Kate: "______"
A. I don’t think it is useful.
B. This is because people use a lot of penicillin.
C. Perhaps it is the discovery of penicillin. D. Just by chance.
3. In order to be taken away and used everywhere, modem inventions have a tendency to be small and
________.
A. import
B. coastal
C. airport
D. portable
4. Even the best invention may have both ___________ and drawbacks.
A. benefits
B . disadvantage
C. advantaged
D. benefited
5. “I started working for the Charity Center 5 years ago and now I’m still working here.” has the closest
meaning to:
A. I have started working for the Charity Center 5 years ago.
B. I have started working for the Charity Center for 5 years.
C. I have worked for the Charity Center since 5 years.
D. I have worked for the Charity Center for 5 years.

6. People have used vaccination to prevent diseases ___________ a long time.
A. for
B . since
C . when
D. as
7. Brian has inspired thousands of students across the country since he ________ from a pedagogical
university.
A. graduate
B . graduating
C. graduated
D. graduation
8. Jim has stayed at home _________ last week.
A. for
B. since
C . when
D.as
9. Scientists have researched into effective ways to treat this disease _______ last year’s epidemic.
A. for
B. since
C. when
D. as
10. This robot is very versatile, as it can be used to perform many different tasks. The underlined word
has the closest meaning to:
A. multipurpose
B. limited
C. inflexible
D. purposeless
11. This athlete__________ a number of international awards since 1990.

A wins
B. won
C. has won
D. have won
12. The Internet has changed the way we purchase, interact and research since it ________
A. invent
B. was invented
C. invented
D. be invented
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. blackbird
B. solar charger
C. alarm clock
D. smartphone
14. Our hen _______ for nearly 10 days, so we have no eggs in our fridge now.
A. did not lay
B. has not laid
C. have not lain
D. has not lay
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. gateway
B. good processor
C. airport
D. pencil case
16. More than 40 patterns on silicon surfaces _________ with that paintbrush so far.
A. printed
B . were printed
C. have printed
D. have been printed
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.

A number (A) of students registered (B) this course (C) since last September (D).
18. They participated (A) in social (B) activities at the (C) castle for the past few (D)years.
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. green house B . solar charger C. bulky screen D. food processor
A. birthday B . guidebook C. television set D. electronic book
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. storing / A / can / hard disk / used / a / for / information / be / in /computer.
2. computer / We / a / install / modem / a / surf / the / to / Internet. / for
3. pages / How / typed / many / ? / you / have
4. phoned / Sam / 2 months. / has / her / the past / not / for / parents
5. achievements / Scientists / in / have / great / technology / made / and / information /.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Awesome inventions changing our lives
Used by the ancient Egyptians as much as 3000 years ago, the condom was ______ (1) invented in 1640
by Italian gyne-cologist Gabriele Falloppio. It was originally intended ______ (2) the spread of disease,
but from about the 1960s on, their usage to prevent pregnancy has been touted. Now, these marvels of
invention are commonplace and used on a _______ (3) basis for both purposes. While it may not be
pretty to look at or fun to think about, the condom is a very ingenious invention, especially when one
considers how many lives ________ (4) by the use of condoms.
What did man (or woman) do before the invention of the umbrella? Most likely, get wet every time it
rained. Originally conceived in Mesopotamia in 3400 BC to be used as a sunshade, the umbrella became
a fashion ________ (5) in the 1700s. The actual first steel-ribbed umbrella that was used by both men
and women was invented in 1852 by Samuel Fox of Britain. So every time you open your umbrella,
remember to mentally thank Mr. Fox _______ (6) to keep you dry! Now if only someone could invent
an umbrella that didn’t turn inside out on a windy day...
Not now, honey, I've got a headache! Before 1899, women might have been able to use that excuse, but
not after the ________ (7) of the aspirin that year by German chemist Felix Hoffman. Although
Hippocrates had used acetylsalicylic acid to treat fevers and gout in ancient Greece, it wasn’t until
Hoffman’s invention that the medicine ________ (8) under its familiar trade name, Aspirin. Hoffman
originally invented aspirin to help treat his father’s arthritis. Today it’s used to treat everything from

minor aches and pains to heart _______(9). Hoffman would be proud of his nifty little invention that’s
actually saved lives!
What would women do without the invention of the bra? Most likely the entire fashion world would be
different, as clothing would have to accommodate droopy, flopping breasts. Thankfully, the bra
_________ (10) by New York socialite Mary Phelps Jacob in 1913 as an alternative to unsightly corsets
that were Visible under sheer clothing. Today, women spend about $16 billion each year on bras
worldwide. Thank you, Ms. Jacob!


1. A. office
B. officially
C. offices
D. official
2. A. preventing
B. causing
C. to prevent
D. to cause
3. A. daily
B . day
C . days
D. dairy
4. A. have saved B. saved
C. was saved
D. have been saved
5. A. compulsory
B. sorry
C . access
D. accessory
6. A. help
B. to help

C. for helping
D. helped
7. A. invention
B. invent
C . inventor
D. invented
8. A. mass-marketed B. has been mass-marketed C. has mass-marketed
D. was mass-marketed
9. A. fights
B. attacks
C . attach
D. beat
10. A. has invented
B. invented
C. was invented
D. invent

UNIT 6: GENDER EQUALITY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
• equal (adj): bình đẳng
• equality (n): sự bình đẳng
• gender (n): giới tính
• discriminate (v): phân biệt
• discrimination (n): sự phân biệt
• slightly (adv): một chút
• eliminate (v): loại bỏ
• enrol (v): đăng ký
• enrolment (n): sự/số lượng đăng ký
• pursue (v): theo đuổi

• sue (v): kiện ai ra tịa
• limitation (n): sự hạn chế
• loneliness (n): sự cơ đơn
• preference (n): sự ưu tiên
• employment (n): việc làm
• firefighter (n): lính cứu hỏa
• co-worker (n): đồng nghiệp
• courage (n): lịng dũng cảm
• encourage (v): khuyến khích
• talkative (adj): hay nói
• wage (n): tiền cơng
• qualified (adj): đủ điều kiện
• income (n): thu nhập
• educator (n): người thầy
• domestic (adj): trong gia đình
• responsibility (n): trách nhiệm
• mature (v): làm cho chín chắn
• knowledgeable (adj): am hiểu
• considerable /kan'sidarabl/ (adj): đáng kể = remarkable
• progress (n): sự tiến bộ
• workforce (n): nguồn nhân lực = labor force
• challenge (n): thách thức
• caretaker (n): người chăm sóc người khác tại nhà (= caregiver)
• housekeeper (n): người dọn phịng, người giúp viêc,quản gia
• opportunity (n): cơ hội


• obesity (n): sự béo phì
2. Grammar
The pasive voice with modals: câu bị động với động từ tình thái (khuyết thiếu)

2.1. Form: modals +be + Past Participle
E.g: He might be fired
(Anh ấy có thể bị sa thải)
This dress must be cleaned carefully
(Cái váy này cần phải được giặt cẩn thận)
*) NOTE:
+ Modals (động từ tình thái): can, could, may, might, will, would, must, shall, should, ought to ...
+ Past participle (quá khứ phân từ): nếu là động từ có quy tắc ta thêm -ed vào động từ (V-ed), nếu là
động từ bất quy tắc ta xem ở cột thứ 3 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc (V3)
e.g: It will be decorated. (V-ed)
It could be spoken. (V-3)
2.2. Use:
+ Chúng ta dùng câu bị động khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh đối tương chịu tác động của hành động
hoặc không muốn đề cập đến đối tượng gây ra hành động.
E.g: Information can be stored in hard disk.
(Thơng tin có thể được lưu trữ trong ổ cứng)
Document could be sent via e-mail.
(Tài liệu có thể được gửi qua e-mail)
3. Pronunciation
Stress in two-syllable words: trọng âm trong từ gồm 2 âm tiết
3.1. Động từ có 2 âm tiết: vể cơ bản trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2
Listen and repeat (Track 22):
mspire, divide, begin, relax, reveal, employ, enjoy, deny
Ngoại lệ: có một số ít động từ có 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất
Listen and repeat (Track 23):
follow, answer, visit, happen
3.2. Danh từ có 2 âm tiết: về cơ bản trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Listen and repeat (Track 24):
freedom, children, workforce, hobby, healthcare, labor, people standard
Ngoại lệ: có một số ít danh từ có 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai

Listen and repeat (Track 25):
mistake, advice, machine, embrace
3.3. Tính từ có 2 âm tiết: về cơ bản trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất
Listen and repeat (Track 26):
basic, busy, bulky, pretty, easy, major, handsome, famous
Ngoại lệ: có một số ít tính từ có 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai
Listen and repeat (Track 27):
alone, asleep, alive, correct
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat and choose the word you hear with a different stress pattern from the others.
(Track 28)
1. A. pursueB. enrol C. equal D. repeat
2. A. lonely B. alone C. major D. famous
3. A. income B. workforce C. nature D. mature
4. A. knowledge B. challenge C. enjoy D. labor
5. A. pretty B. freedom C. happen D. begin
2. Give the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. A new monitor will be selected (will/select) by the members of the class next semester. 2.
Information can be found (can/find) due to the aid of the Internet.


3. If you want your car to be in good condition, it must be serviced (must/service) frequently. 4. Students
should not be given (not/should/give) everything about the subjects by their lecturers. They need to be
creative and discover new knowledge.
5. This house must be sold (must/sell) within 2 months.
6. When people have experienced something terrible, funny things can be done (can/do). 7.
A valid work permit must be held (must/hold) by all employees.
8. Advice from the experts should be taken (should/take) by the government before making the new
law.
9. Cultural differences ought to be considered (ought to/consider) by companies when engaging in

business with overseas organizations.
10. Some changes to our lives must be made (must/ make) if we want to reduce pollution. 3.
Complete the following sentences.
1. He often hands in his assignment 10 days earlier so that it can be marked carefully. 2. If
everyone fights against domestic violence, gender discrimination will be got rid of. 3. On
riding, cycle helmets must be put on.
4. Without permission from the headmaster, no car or motorbike may be driven within the school
grounds.
5. In case of being attacked by hackers, a Facebook account can be used for illigal purposes. 4.
Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Any kind of violence must not be allow at school. (allowed)
2. These medicines must keep out of children’s reach. (be kept)
3. The instructions must follow strictly by the students. (be followed)
4. In the case of a pupil being absent from school, messages can leave on the answering machine before
7.30 a.m. (be left)
5. These pills must not take if you are under twelve years old. (be taken)
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap-filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences. 2.
discrimination 3. forced 10. remarkable 5. preference 9. domestic 4. eliminate 8. sue 1.
slightly 6. pursue 7. courage
1. The oil price has ___________ increased this year.
2. According to some psychological experts, the fact that women have to work more than men at home
is one of the signs of gender ______________.
3. In Africa, many girls desire to study but they are __________ to leave schools because of poverty. 4.
In order to _________ hunger and poverty so that many citizens have better lives, the government
should act urgently and strictly.
5. It is said that there is gender _________ in favor of boys in recruitment in the police and army forces.
6. She had to struggle and overcome criticism to _________ her dream.
7. Success comes to those who have enough _________ and will.
8. Linda decided to __________ that man for causing accident because she believed that he deserved to

be punished.
9. When the children see how their parents work hard to support the families and share ____________
responsibilities, they will try to study harder.
10. French are famous for being romantic and France is well known for having made a _______
progress in gender equality.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. eliminate + b

a. liking to talk a lot

2. courage + e

b. to remove or get rid of something/somebody

3. talkative + a

c. connected with the home or family


4. domestic + c

d. great in amount, size, importance, etc.

5. considerable + d

e. the ability to do something dangerous without showing fear

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. She faced _________ because she not only had few friends but also was unwelcomed in that area.
(lonely) - loneliness

2. That a women becomes a ______ has ever been considered to be weird, as people have assumed that
this job is only for men. (firefight) firefighter
3. Although she was aware of gender ________ in favor of boys, she applied for that position. (prefer)
preference
4. This university is ranked as one the most successful institutions which have made ________ progress
in gender equality. (consider) considerable
5. In order to eliminate gender inequality, domestic __________ need to be shared by both husbands
and wives, (responsible) responsibilities
6. The number of female _________ has increased sharply for the past few years. (enroll) enrollments
7. My uncle is very _________ about rhinos. He has studied about them for a long time. (knowledge)
knowledgeable
8. By knowing their children’s strengths and ______ parents can find appropriate strategies to educate
them. (weak) weaknesses
9. She contributed to the formation of an _______ for female pilots, gave advice to women on careers
and helped inspire others. (organize) organization
10. Even today, her life and career remain __________ to many people. (fascinate) fascinating 4.
Choose the best answer.
1. In some companies, it is suggested that female officers should be supported by their male co
workers. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. colleges B. colleagues C. villages D. collectors 2. Paul: “I suppose that working mothers are
good educators for their children.” - Kate: “_____” A. I agree with you. They know little about
educating.
B. I couldn’t agree more. They are able to teach their children at home.
C. That’s true. They don’t know how to teach their children.
D. Because educators are teachers.
3. In order to be ______ for this position, candidates must have not only an MA degree but also work
experience.
A. qualify B. quality C. qualified D. qualification 4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with
different cultures widen their knowledge and gradually ______ them.
A. nature B. mature C. future D. picture

5. “The protesters couldn’t persuade the president to change the law.” has the closest meaning to: A.
The president couldn’t be persuaded to change the laws.
B. The president couldn’t persuaded to change the laws.
C. The president couldn’t be persuade to change the laws.
D. The president couldn’t persuade to change the laws.
6. The afternoon meeting _______ because three of the five committee members are unable to attend.
A. might postpone B. might postponed C. might be postpone D. might be postponed 7. Dental
appointments _______ so as not to conflict with school commitments. A. should be arranged B. should
not be arranged C. should be arrange D. should not arrange 8. This beer can be served ________
beefsteak.
A. from B. by C. with D. as
9. Many parents think that fast food ________ in schools.
A should not sold B. should not be sell C. should be not sold D. should not be sold 10. Jenny and Jim
have been looking for a caretaker to look after their parents who are both old and sick in their house.
The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. test taker B. caregiver C. test giver D. checker 11. Modules ________ in the


minimum amount of time.
A. cannot always be completed B. cannot be completed always
C. can always be not completed D. can be not always completed
12. The return of assignment, exams and final grades _______ by lecturers’ time.
A. could affected B. could be affected C. could affect D. could be affect 13.
Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. accept B. inspire C. reveal D. workforce 14. A Study Guide __________ by all
Independent Study students.
A. must be purchaseB. must purchased C. must be purchasedD. must purchase 15.
Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. pursue B. courage C. hobby D. standard 16. Both gender should be provided _______ equal rights to
education, employment and healthcare. A. from B. by C. with D. on

17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Students enrolling (A) for the (B) first time will be charge (C) 9 dollars per (D) course.
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Any bicycles brought (A) onto school (B) grounds should clearly label (C) with the owner’s (D) name.
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. bulky B. handsome C. employ D. basic
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. machine B. answer C . mistake D. alone
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. equality / essay / An / gender / on / be / written / must / by / student. / each
An essay on gender equality must be written by each student.
2. processed / will / When / these / files /be/?
When will these files be processed?
3. A/ course / finished / must / in / a / maximum / be / of / weeks. / four
A course must be finished in a maximum of four weeks.
4. serious / Obesity / be / health / considered / be / to / a / problem / can
Obesity can be considered to be a serious health problem.
5. achievements / in / information / technology / and /will / made /be/ scientists. / More / by
More achievements in information and technology will be made by scientists.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Secretary-General's Message for 2015
Twenty years ago, when the world convened a landmark conference on women's human right,
the devastating conflict in the former Yugoslavia prompted desserved attention to rape and other war
crimes there against civilians. Two decades later, with girls as young as seven not only targeted but used
as weapons _________ (1). violent extremists, it would be easy to lose heart about the value of
international gatherings. But while we have a long way to go to achieve full equality - with ending
gender-based violence a central goal - progress ________ (2) has proven the enduring value of the 1995
Beijing Conference on Women.
Since the adoption of its Declaration and Platform for Action, more girls have attained more
________ (3) to more education than ever before. The number of women dying in childbirth has been

almost halved. More women are leading businesses, Governments and global organizations. I welcome
these advances. At the same time, on this International Women’s Day, we must __________ (4) that the
gains have been too slow and uneven and that we must do far more to accelerate progress everywhere.
The world must come together in response to the targeting of women and girls by violent
extremists. From Nigeria and Somalia to Syria and Iraq, the bodies of women have been transformed
into battlegrounds for warriors carrying out specific and systematic strategies, often on the basis of
ethnicity or religion. Women have been attacked for trying to exercise their right to education and basic
services; they have been raped and turned into sex slaves; they have been given as prizes to
fighters, or traded among extremist groups in trafficking networks. Doctors, nurses and others
________(5) for trying to operate in their professional capacity. The women human rights defenders


brave enough to challenge such atrocities risk - and sometimes lose - their lives for the cause.
We must take a clear global stance against this total assault on women’s human rights. The
international community needs to translate its outrage into __________ (6) action, including
humanitarian aid, psychosocial services, support for livelihoods and efforts to bring perpetrators to
justice. With women and girls often the first targets of attack, their rights must be at the centre of our
strategy to address this staggering and growing ________ (7). Empowered women and girls are the best
hope for sustainable development following conflict. They are the best drivers of growth, the best hope
for reconciliation and the best buffer against radicalization of youth and the repetition of cycles of
violence.
Even in societies at peace, too many girls and women are still _________ (8) of domestic abuse,
female genital mutilation and other forms of violence that traumatize individuals and damage whole
societies. Discrimination remains a thick barrier that _______ (9). We need to expand opportunities in
politics, business and beyond. We need to change mind-sets, especially among men, and engage men in
becoming active change-agents themselves. And we must back up our resolve with resources based on
the sure understanding that investments in gender equality generate economic progress, social and
political inclusion and other benefits that, in turn, foster stability and human dignity.
This is a vital year for advancing the cause of women’s human rights. The international
community is hard at work on establishing a new sustainable development agenda that will build on the

Millennium Development Goals and shape policies and social investments for the next generation. To
be truly _______ (10), the post-2015 development agenda must prioritize gender equality and women’s
empowerment. The world will never realize 100 per cent of its goals if 50 per cent of its people cannot
realize their full potential. When we unleash the power of women, we can secure the future for all.
Ban Ki-moon
1. A. by B . on C . over D. through
2. A. past two decades ago B. over the past two decades
C. last two decades ago D. over the past two decade
3. A. accept B. stress C. access D. actress
4. A. acknowledge B. acknowledged C. knowledge D. knowledgeable 5. A. have
assassinated B. have been assassinating
C. have been assassinate D. have been assassinated
6. A. mean B. meaning C. meaningful D. meaningless 7. A. fortunate B. challenged C.
challenge D. opportunities 8. A. targets B. budget C. forgets D. regrets 9. A. must shatter
B. must be shattered C. must shattered D. must be shatter 10. A transform B. transforms
C. transformative D. transformation

UNIT 7: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
• diversity (n): sự đa dạng
• cultural (adj): thuộc về văn hóa
• wedding (n): lễ cưới
• similarity (n): sự tương đồng
• ceremony (n): buổi lễ
• proposal (n): sự cầu hơn
• engagement (n): sự đính hơn
• complicated (adj): phức tạp
• bride (n): cơ dâu
• groom (n): chú rể = bridegroom

• bridesmaid (n): phù dâu
• best man (n): phù rể = groomsman
• unnecessary (adj): khơng cần thiết
• expense (n): chi phi
• reception (n): tiệc chiêu đãi


• big day = wedding day: ngày cưới
• honeymoon (n): tuần trăng mật
• favourable (adj): thuận lợi
• altar (n): bàn thờ
• ancestor (n): ơng bà, tổ tiên
• superstition (n): tín ngưỡng, sự mê tín
• superstitious (adj): mê tín
• mystery (n): điều huyền bí
• mysterious (adj): huyền bí
• legend (n): truyền thuyết
• ritual (n): lễ nghi
• prestigious (adj): có uy tín
• soul (n): linh hồn
• venture (n): dự án
• fork (n) cái dĩa
• clover (n): cỏ ba lá
• magpie (n): chim chích chịe
• samovar (n): ấm đun trà (của Nga)
• dumpling (n): bánh bao
• beetroot (n): củ cải đường
• filling (n): món thịt nhồi
• figure skating (n): mơn trượt băng nghệ thuật
• scatter (v): tung, rải

• wrestling (n): mơn đấu vật
• newly-wed (n): người vừa mới lập gia đình
• decent (adj): kha khá
• prosperous (adj): thịnh vượng
• self-reliance (n): sự tự lực
2. Grammar
2.1. Comparative and superlative adjectives (Tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhât)
2.1.1. Form:
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết: hard, cold, short, smart ...
So sánh hơn: adjective + er e.g. This ruler is shorter than that one.
(Cái thước này ngắn hơn cái thước kia)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + est e.g. This is the shortest ruler.
(Đây là cái thước ngắn nhất)
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là -e: nice, fine, wide ...
So sánh hơn: adjective + -r e.g. Her bag is nicer than yours.
(Túi của chị ấy đẹp hơn túi của cô)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + -st e.g. That is the nicest bag.
(Đó là cái túi đẹp nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 nguyên âm đơn + 1 phụ âm đơn: hot, fat, thin ... So sánh
hơn: adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -er e.g. The black cat is fatter than the white one. (Con mèo
đen béo hơn con mèo trâng)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -est e.g. It is the fattest cat.
(Nó là con mèo béo nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết tận cùng là -y: happy, noisy, busy ..
So sánh hơn: adjective (bỏ -y) + -ier e.g. Linda is happier than Mary.
(Linda hạnh phúc hơn Mary)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(bỏ -y) + -iest e g. This is the happiest wife.
(Đây là người vợ hạnh phúc nhất)

Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết trở lên: active, beautiful, expensive, dangerous ....
So sánh hơn: more + adjective
e g. Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than riding a bicycle .
(Đi xe máy thì nguy hiểm hơn đi xe đọp)
So sánh nhất: the + most + adjective
e.g. That is the most dangerous action.
(Đó là hành động nguy hiểm nhát)
Ngoại lệ: Một số tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất không theo các quy tắc trên: good, bad, far, many,
much, little ....
So sánh hơn: good --> better, bad --> worse, far --> further/ farther, many/much --> more, little -->
less ...
e.g. His speaking is better than his writing .
(Phần nói của anh ấy tốt hơn phần viết)
So sánh nhất: good —> the best, bad —> the worst, far —»the furthest/farthest, many/ much —> the
most, little —> the least...
E.g: His speaking is the best of the four skills.
(Phần nói của anh ấy là tốt nhất trong bốn kỹ năng)
*)Notes:
Ta có thể dùng: slightly, far, by far, a lot, much, significantly ... để nhấn mạnh cho so sánh hơn
hoặc so sánh nhất.
e.g. This house is much bigger than that one.
(Ngôi nhà này lớn hơn ngôi nhà kia nhiều)
Để diễn tả kém ... hơn, kém... nhất ta dùng: less + adjective the least + adjective
This is the least safe place.
(Đây là nơi kém an tồn nhất)
2.1.2. Use:
*) Tính từ so sánh hơn được dùng để:
+ So sánh 2 đối tượng hoặc nhóm đổi tượng(ngườỉ, vật, nơi chốn) với nhau.
e.g. Peter is stronger than Linda.
(Peter khỏe hơn Linda)

First year students are younger than third year students.
(Các bạn sinh viên năm thứ nhất thì trẻ hơn các bạn sinh viên năm thứ 3)
So sánh cùng một người, vật, nơi chốn ở hai thời điểm khác nhau.
e.g. This item is more expensive (this year) than it was last year.
(Mặt hàng này đắt hơn năm ngoái)
*) Note:
Chúng ta có thể bỏ mệnh đề “than” nếu ta rõ đối tượng được so sánh.
e.g. There are 20 boys and 20 girls in this class. The boys are more active (than the girls are).
(Có 20 bạn nam và 20 bạn nữ trong lớp này. Các bạn nam thì năng động hơn) *) Tính từ so sánh
nhất được dùng để:
So sánh 1 đối tượng trong nhóm (người, vật, nơi chốn, thời điểm) với các đối tượng còn lại.
e.g: Peter is the strongest of the 6 students.
(Trong 6 học sinh, Peter là người khỏe nhất)
This is the cheapest hotel in this area.
(Đây là khách sạn rẻ nhất trong khu vực này)
Spring is the most pleasant season (of the four).
(Mùa xuân là mùa dễ chịu nhất trong bốn mùa)
*) Note:
So sánh nhất còn có thể dùng với số thứ tự, one of the, some of the, tính từ sở hữu ...
e.g. He is my best friend.
(Anh ấy là bạn tốt nhất của tôi)
Tom was the second best in that contest.
(Tom đứng thứ 2 trong cuộc thi đó)