chuyên đề ông thi môn kinh tế chính trị học phần kinh tế chính trị tư bản chủ nghĩa




 !"#$$%&'()*+%,%-./#012$3#0$-45/&6#07&8$&9#:3)4*6;#0
*+%<=,>)0&4)?@5A#0$B%*+%:&9*#0$&C#*D<=,>)#3=.E&:F&#GF*)%5
!"#$*$H)$%&'()*+%,%-./#0IJ#KH)$3#0$L%

 !!"#
$%!&'(&')*+,%!%-(
%-).
a. Lao động cụ thể: /&'01&
'23456!7.
89:"#
;/&'+7<&#=&'
&*>*&*?-*@
6.A26>B'CD4+(,&
-5*-*-32+&'
+7<&).
;/:&'E?+,F!.
;/:&'+G,H,IG,0@1 !J*
&,D!1KLMJ.
;/&'5N*+*56.
$1*1&'&,O'PF*//QJ*
C ,R6G.
;L!+&'-4?C 
5.
b. Lao động trừu tượng:/O6Q/:(DS7*R)
 !.
T1&'!3*!3
O6ODE'O,O.
89:"#

1
;/%-E!.
;/%- !+7.
$F5'7%- !
.:U"!7.
;/%-+G7<6 !.
/%-+7>BODVW.A
 !*W1UR@5
&',3%-.
c. Tính chất hai mặt của LĐSXHH:
L!&',%- !
!C,! X !.L!C
 !D'4#Y= ! !1*
 !@53Z*ZO@57,1,F5
 !!C*&'ZD'4
C.
L! X !D'4#/
 !DFD X4
?C X.[C X+O&\
22 !*Z6,0*W
,0.T]'W%-,1,F5%
-D'4 X.
^2C, XC\*D'4#
_Q`2 !6D4+'
]0,0R X(%").A !,-@R
Xa?D-*O4-7.
_Y6D4 !'
E!,06 X!F-#TD4
 !>,0 Xb*
D-*"D-UEDc.

YC\2C, XR?Z
C\3 !.T,1C\ !
,%,F'*,%3`].
;:?,0045*'C!-*]dZ
2+7]R5'
2
 !*R !*CAQ/:*A0R]
3OK;TA*S70,0*5O
+6>B70JTA3.
M!/&6#0N7&8$&9#:3)4*./#0*+%<=,>)0&4)?@
e5F7@5F>D !,W.f
C !,W1B@5F7.
a. Nội dung của quy luật giá trị
Lg@5F7hc !,WO6>B
 XR(Wg56S).
:'O41D4' !
G-,0 XR*WUOg
56S.
b. Cơ chế hoạt động của quy luật giá trị
L@O,F67a!5-O
+@5F7.^O 5@7,D'
4O@5F734 !,W.
A*h&,5?@4;
R*+*36*1+@53*,.,i67
.LC?667 5
@7.A b%-D4'DV*0>"
c>7* b6+, X1WDVW7
N.
c. Tác dụng của quy luật giá trị
Một là, điều tiết sản xuất và lưu thông hàng hóa.

:3 !#AR*]6
,-@71 !aW ,.A-+
N@3 X,-R1a ?
 !a5'D05?4 !,c5
'R,>.A4 !,
-C?@+O, !.
L@5F7&3E%>!
>.
Hai là, kích thích cải tiến kỹ thuật, hợp lý hóa sản xuất, thúc đẩy lực lượng sản
xuất phát triển.
3
L*D4c>
 Xa-3-,S-+.$1,F5*=
 !31PF4@j*Wi
C]!.:R6,4PFkIB?
*+1PF X-'.$F5@5
F7XN`5O- !'.
Ba là, phân hóa những người sản xuất hàng hóa nhỏ làm nảy sinh quan hệ sản
xuất tư bản chủ nghĩa.
QOC2 !c@!5 !
.lB,1*@1+gW7234
!F-i]!*D4!>
 XR--Fi34B !
.A-+234F-*"
D7=B6.
e5F7+3 !>,02
&6X+233O !DH.L56*
OI7<O> !DH-`5
DB5?@@1mU5565
Dm.

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6@5F7E+D+1 !*56
D'4+* !>@5F756
RD-C6D4* !
LlTA@5F756R+7"3?
D.L !JTA@5F7DO?!
2- X*-F',- X
.^S3,0!2D+1 !!
21D'4@5F7.:!,3
67X550'#W7,?+*
+,,* XH,DH.$!3"
045,F&@5F7JTA*+,
0\@5F7R XH.:
6n#p+45B0JTAk7
@5F XHh7@5F7
4
R XH'4B,4? 4
+5g7W*D`1,0>
@57',364*-6 4q.:3!5
:,0X-DR@Z@5F7
3045.
M!P3'?Q,R,>#$3#0$-4ID*,%-./#0!&ST&9#?%.U&V$GW#0
)$D*125
!PR,>#$3#0$L%ID*,%-./#0
a. Khái niệm lao động và sức lao động
- Lao động: +&*j,O
6VD2,F'O6G-,0R.
K-,04 !@1 !*ZS
.

L0C5*OC2H,O !,F!,H,O
 !,F!2+,@1DW
,F!2,O6a,3#+R
*0*7,&D'*iL343
74++GR-BE
O++'6,@Z> g b+
!5+- C5O!05.T'F
!23,3,FZ
3,3F.
- Sức lao động: D'O,OE+>'*
'O,Og,F&@1 !7<
&.
l! X*U34>D !*
kHD*0B.
b. Điều kiện sức lao động trở thành hàng hóa
- Điều kiện thứ nhất:Y?!5'D-
,0*1]?-!5*
*!5rOB2]O1*C'1.
AB2DUkD
5
!7*DB,1DsD!5R1
aODC*,%=O*aB
4*%=*aB.
;:34]D*R'3'1-
,0B67*
h]D2
-,F*+*DgD*,0*
5kE+B>'?.
A,F5'5'3D*31-
OB67*OgH#gH

O*?-1,0
*,"*h'D*
R*2,FR'O4
1.
LDkB>24 !,4
+1!5-O,0D
1B67,k347<!5UD7
<0.$1*5%N0 !4*DXD4+"D4
@1 ! X
t
.
c. Hai thuộc tính của hàng hóa - sức lao động
* Giá trị của hàng hóa sức lao động:
^7*UZ*-@57
DB?R' !*,*' !
`"D4!5.
LR' !a@5
R' !24+C*
5*7724+
R'51?!5.
;TDF-7#
_^7W?4+'51
1
Ab"+DHB=#*?,0DC
*1,3*,1
6.Y"*kDSR%N11`
0!WD.
6
,0,F5B++D1.
_^724+25*

2*?2"
D4-51,H<B67
_A2ZF+'B',
"G;2'?,0D1;
3F,W?27-' !.
;$4@577D5?7<,
R.
* Giá trị sử dụng của hàng hóa sức lao động
l!6"D45**hD'
7B=*-EX-j2,D17<
&,\FO5'5.^7<&
3F-W*-*+k'4@
1<&OO*@16G.L!2,FR
@1!556,F4*,.,.*3367
,R5N.e16GE
U@1 !,7".$46G
*U,46GZ*3IBD67*
5D6H,O.
M!%&.&ST&9#?%.U&IJ#KH)$3#0$-4
a. Con đường hình thành 2 điều kiện ra đời CNTB:
:34>D'\OHDO'
,@1PDR.
*/ Quá trình tích luỹ ban đầu:LPD56d@1+
,?R6+RTALl.TG,0,?(D)*@1P
56dhhcO-6(C).
;LU5,3,?#
_Q7R*R0@j,>C
0D,*,7*@j,>4Z
-%C[*Cu*v:.:2E,?R6@1
PD56d.

_lVDD*W2,O*"D4DD
4g*g+-F G.
7
_lV+0D'*DV+@COg+'-
,0r+*gD,0-F!.
_wGD+O'0+!C.
e1P,?DR@1F,?,5?
*EU@10+4 !CC*
5C*DZ26.TPD
56d-DV?+\.
;AEC#
_:?,0C#^TLQX “rào đất cướp ruộng”.
ACD7!!*kh6*D2
.e15I'1B0x,?dty*
Rdtz.A0x,%7!C*,%D
2+F“máu”!CO5'0"
2>]V&+!26.
L+5*B0xt{.|||CXDB+
F“máu”5.Lo5h-Zop%]7q.
_:?,0-#B7*3-,5"X*
*C@5FX!4 !*
6.
_l6+,4DD4CYH' C5OE3*
+&ED** }F&ECrB20
7X+ECWETALl.
;A@1P565D6BC~*?
@j,Xg?DH.ZDc,?F 
4*5*+*i6C,3*>*D.
•€L+*@1PDR@1F,?,5?
*EU@10+4 !CC*

5C*DZ26.TPDR
HDBLC5~-DV?+\.T.Y
XF b#DWD1TALl“đầy máu và bùn nhơ”.
*/ Sự phát triển của nền kinh tế hàng hoá
;L@5F3 !*"
D4@5F^L*+*;RC2 !
{!>D#!26,!2F
8
5-03'F 454
LlTA.
;e4 !X*354,F,3
H,&.ej5N*•N.
;A2D,3Z;PFX+34@4 !
LlTA-1# !g@505
}OC*56gC553
!*=-k?C553}>
+-5DV5>+.
L!2>PDR3-&@53O
0*D+O XF,W'`5@15'
5.T'!5*mD+OD‚ XUb
 X0m*`5O X0.JbG*
D+O0G3,0@5F@1aB
3O0+.A-+1aC5OW!!0,3
, X*@1'J.
b. Hai điều kiện ra đời sản xuất hàng hóa TBCN
XY&ST&9# Z [2O,3C'*E
L/QJ"L/QJ' !6DD
Q/:.L16U26
D.
:345a-CP&{*#YD;

Q/:
XY&ST&9#MZLFt-305?'F
4LlTA
Q?35-G'25?R,@1 !6
7L/QJ,7Q/:.A?-3ck'-
L/QJ,Q/:,h,@1 !
C1ak B !c*13
!c.w,F5R?-3?'!7'L/QJ,
Q/:.Q?-3?'55Wg1'3 !
LlTA*,22H,O !og34P
F%H,O.
L%{346*!0*>D> !LlTA
-1.A2-*>C*7C*@j05'
9
*RB*
D0*C,+.Z!*D2
6*S3}"G7,77 X
Z+43 !0D.A26
1*2,.ZD7DF4*5g!
!?.
10
O![4)?\#$120&4)?@)$(#06G51-I4#$$%&V$GW#0V$4V120&4)?@
)$(#06G!A#0$B%*+%:&9*#0$&C#*D5
![4)?\#$IJ#KH)0&4)?@)$(#06G)?-#0
*/ Tính chất hai mặt của quá trình sản xuất TBCN:
;:@1+^LQw#@15O
-2Q/:,0L/QJ'+2^LQw56R X.L
D!o X !U@1-2{5?62
 XB1'*D'4B1
//QJ.

L@1 !LlTA*C5@1D<&Q/:X
-' !62"'6#
_TC,40O'D
_Q`B2D
;Y"*!5@1+,]7.w,F5*
DCg@5F7g XR
' !.
e1 !TALl@1 !*D
Q/:C-,0L/QJ' !^LQw
!7.$1^LQw,F!,U,F^L,^L
W.L!2+6DUkV&-
^LLw.w* !TALlU@1 !
^LLw.
a. Quá trình tạo ra giá trị:
*/ Để làm rõ hơn quá trình sản xuất GTTD, chúng ta lấy ví dụ về nhà tư bản
sản xuất sợi.
;^7#
_YDg@5F7(W)
_ !-NDV XR.
_Y5Ct|#y*y3.
_TL/QJ-!t5.
_L/QJkDE#5@5-,564D.
_Y=C+-70#ƒ|E.
11
:' !t5*LlDc-D
0#
L;; l({|)#z||
h5#{||
YQ/:(t|)#{|| y
y3

;^<#,0]!D1*D1*,
34D1*y*CX5'
t|Dt|-.L>E#
y(@1+7)#

L;;
(z||)
l(t|)#„||
Q !
Q-(…)
(z||)
l#„||
h
{
#t|| h
{
#t||
YQ/:#{||
^L0
C+#y ƒ|•{||
Ly*CX+t-70
DV,07Q/:.e15-Z@1+^L.^7
]*,F5^LLw,3DD.
b. Quá trình làm tăng thêm giá trị
A,1DQ/:Ct|6Ca
&,4Dy3' !t--DV,0
--ya-6.
y3#

L;;

(ƒ||)
l(t|)#„||
Q !
Q-(…)
(z||)
l#„||
h
{
#t|| h
{
#t||
^L0
C+#y ƒ|•{||
KN5,4*Dt|||*--
D,3z|| {•t{||.Ly3*C+t
-^L{||D7D+.e5FW,\
12
-C*--D67gN7
,3t-t{||D.:E?-
D*DFO06%D.
[R64#L(t|||)MML…(t{||•t|||L_{||)^LLw()
A,F5*7Q/:,7Q/:+@1 !
{+-.ADV,O64,37
Q/:C.
LD@1m5'3D*I,
UI.A*DX-Q/:6
7MQ/:*'E@1 !*Q/:+^LLw
D./X`D725?R@1]7*,
@1]7II@1
!.

*/ Kết luận:
;^LLwTALlR707*
C6+,D7D+.(Kj4#)
AE?^LLw#C+.
l!^LLw#D'4?@42{!,,.
Y?@45!?.
M!1-I4#$$%&V$GW#0V$4VIJ#KH)]
a. Hai phương pháp sản xuất giá trị thặng dư
*/ Phương pháp sản xuất GTTD tuyệt đối
L+'R6 !LlTA*1KMTA
h!*]!1>5']^LLwb
5C.
^LLw54?^LLw- !DVb54?5
^LQ/:,!55W.
;$w#^<5D1†*ƒ/:!
5,ƒ/:".L3>Ct5
{||*…•t||‡*?-^LLw-Y•… $•t||‡ {||•{||.
ADb5%†ˆt|*!5
,\256ƒ*,F5"a]6z.A
D-…•ty|‡,Y•ty|‡ {||•„||
13
AD4b51Dh<&D4
].Kb55]a
]"D*%]?-^LLw
D-.
*/ Phương pháp sản xuất giá trị thặng dư tương đối
^LLw>?^LLw-]]!NS
!5*b"
55W.
;$w#^<5D1†*ƒ/:!

5,ƒ/:".L3>Ct5
{||*…•t||‡*?-^LLw-Y•… $•t||‡ {||•{||.
^7V55WW04*
&5D74+6]!]!{R*Ck
R{X+--7DV,07Q/:1.w
*,05U(†)*d4C5a5W#
{!5,z".AD
-…•z9{•„||‡,Y•„||‡ {||•z||.
A+RTALl* !^LLw54?>
51+*PF'* !7">
?>5./7<'O- !,]
! X0TALlX@„+#->*
,+4>*U@1C1D
^LLw>?.
lB,F5*D%PF*&K;TA,
!']]!.Y"*DU5
C5]O+*6&2'C
 !*-3^LLw>2D.AD+
R^LLwZ+-'BC.:3
CRBV5]O+1
-.
*/ Giá trị thặng dư siêu ngạch:^LLw-&40
7D4!>7 X
]I&C#0^*$_&4)?@K`$/&&4)?@*47&9)
14
^7V,0> !^LLw>?*d4C5
#{!5,z".L!
D--^LLw>?z||.
TtDD4X&40!,0!
]!D4Z]6{y‡*&'!5

Ckht*y*"]6z*y.K*
D5a-…•ƒ„„‡,-^LLw#Y•ƒ„„‡ {||•†z‰./-
^LLw6+D5-,0D#•^LLw
D4M^LLw>?•†z‰Mz||•{z‰
^7"6+1D0^LLw>?.$1>
B^LLw6+,^LLw>?3]]!
B=#^LLw>?-]]! X*
^LLw6+-]]!D4.w*^LLw6
+k?D-*^LLw>?1 XD
-.^LLw6+kD'4?@4DD
?,0C6hOD'7?@4+
2D,0.TD1PF*]
]!V+!^LD4.
D.Q> !^LLw
Những điểm khác nhau chủ yếu:
$GW#0  V$4V  12  ]  )=9)
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$GW#0  V$4V  12  ]  )GW#0
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Phương
thức
thực
hiện
Kb54?5
L]
5?W
L]AQ/:%NS
R*]
"
Thời

gian áp
dụng
L  o  R    TALl*  
AQ/:!1>5

K  KTA    '*    &
OKTA, !
5WD*AQ/:]
1>5
c. Những điểm giống nhau chủ yếu
;:3+G#t*{*^L,^LQwQ/:*…*Y*T*$
;:3hc1!7,3AQ/:**5
.
15
;^LLw54?,^LLw>?3DF^L0Q/:
C+*^LQ/:.
;L3445*D,\&E{>
 !^LLw#wD&5ED6C
+5g?,F5C,0
*OQ/:U]6.A53 !4+
&O*,\]60
210*R5
>DS.$1],3O!U>Ob5
*6 !DH344+,\O-
,> !7".
d. Ý nghĩa phương pháp luận
*/ $4+5g^LLw6+OON`5
D1h*&40*PF.wO'KMTA
,4&40, !>*,4
C5534U*+F01b'>!

5.:@15'4.TD15'
2C553 !U>0,b'*,%
F&-!?5*,%1->R-F.
$1,F5*?,00F5'4RNjSDS
2O40''F-2C553 !4
+,%D7D24%0
'.
89$46> !^LLwTALljH
!@Z?,0$4A*'4B2#
;Ks7n>D!DD?,0
6,@6TAJ:*A
0,CCOZ.
;T& !'*]]!*&
2OKMTA, !*W@j !.J
0'!5, X5O- !C
\55S,0!CeQJLlTA.
;/>BjF':,A03?*@
1TA*:45B$4A.
16
:'!5*]/:"1N
^LL/Lw*H]]!06
2 !L/Lw#4*7,&*4Š.L%
-^LLw>?.^LLw>?5a-C?+'V&
C?*+FE,?3*R
B !*&KMTA, !.:@1TA*:,
U>B'NO4-SR'!
0.
17
a!$*$=8#)G7J#51b$\#$)$3#$,c&#$>#\#$<#5A#0$B%
*+%*4*:H#.S#0$&C#*D5

!$*$=8#)G7J#Z
a. Các khái niệm
;T5'D#pLRD*-@17
o*,D4*1Z,h5'Dq.(T.
Y,[.‹g*LF*L{ƒ*A DT7@?*tŒŒƒ*{„ƒ;{„y).
KN6ORD*N6
,3D1D'4D@D+16
,35'DN6,3?,FD
5F,6B??,0,4 !,O
47".
;L5'D#pW5'D
!7DV, !+.:
'%7D-01!7*
7D,F@5B,3U01!5q(Q*
{„t).
;Q?R5'D#pAN!5CH'k]>,7
5'*!5ch'k5'D
!7*!5n'k?R5'D*1Nan•
ch
CH
.q
(Q*{„y)
$&#5'ch„*s+*1Nn•
t{9„•ƒ},F5DO4ƒ,h5'*X@5D?,h
].Ach•t†*1n•t{9t†•{9„5]*Dk@5-
{9„5'.A5'D,]*
1!6a-DVC,0?].
p:?,0D*5'DS
S0DS']67,@5B,30
1DRq(Q*{„z).L5'D0

+W0*+S+@1]67D.
7!4*#$#)EJ#$$Gd#0.e#)E*./*$*$=8#*+%)G7J#
18
LRDDE@1 !,@1*6
5'DU !,
+.
* Thời gian sản xuất:L !DVH
,O !.w*,4b !Ua?
5'Ll*b,F5.
L !•_+_
O2 !
- Thời gian lao động,?-
'+`.:C52!*,1+7
`.
- Thời gian gián đoạn lao động?-*0+D
`sH,O !*O
7O.
$&*-01NR-'6g*E
+-!2*''+14!
7.L341`-!5*,&
E?*5-"02B5W
!Z,s+.
L+' ga,0"
o6D4*'So,
 !*`+,&,4 !.
- Thời gian dự trữ sản xuất
pY+O22UB>OO5'
D*+O25kD !3*5D!
*-P2?->?0*,
*R- !>?*"Rk

F%,@1] !q(Q*„zƒ).
LO2 !5? !X-,3*•
@1 !*OO-<&,@1
!hB+O2.QOO234@1 !6&.e5
O2&,35?#"'*117
,]OW*@j !
19
T+,O2 !3+
7`.QOE+5c*
N*5O642 !,0
014@D!.ŽNS55?
@Z'C4@D.
* Thời gian lưu thông:
p5'D1DV !,
"5'+.$1,F5*?6
5'*,*o
5'*U.q(Q*„z†).
LDVH,O.L
E,D*',F5'.
$U&0&%#,G)$f#0_)$U&0&%#'%g.h:3-ij)$U&0&%#74#g.h?%i
w2D@i6'RLl&6
(„z†)
- Thời gian bán:pYR;R>?@Z
!;D*oDV+D
.q(Q*„z†).LD&,#
_K7.K7+Ll@5B,3
5F*5'a-NS5
_QO2>4,,F#NS54
?5'#A6F-5>4
-*4+1+345'>Ll*aDG+

ROSc?`*?34 .
_^*,FDB7
_LS%> !>
6&2@57D*h@572O
,45'35?D !*
.
- Thời gian mua:,4 E564*?-E56
4iB3501D
32 .
L*D] !*1*
+7`,7"D.L56*OE+
20
!5,,h@Z.$1R,,R !.
T!34 !,O4` !+.ŽN
SDVH,O ?*
]--DR !.ŽNSU
NS5'*@1 !"+>*+-
37,7">*]4@D.
M!1b$\#$)$3#$,c&#$>#7\#$<#
L !LlTAE+++#+D
,+2.
a. Cạnh tranh trong nội bộ ngành và sự hình thành giá trị thị trường
;K4#T+DO+2
4G !*G !+
V!534 !,6&-!'-F
6+.
;Y&# !'6&
;l4+#TD 56PF*-j
 !*C]!,!-*i7
D44 !!>7 X'-

F6+.
;K@+D#167 X(77
)%+*34 !D1
5W*7 X ?*!--C*
+N.
b. Cạnh tranh giữa các ngành và sự hình thành lợi nhuận bình quân
;A56C# X3 !*,03
4 !!+2>*?5'D
-F,d!-F2?*6
DZd!-F!'R•€+
2.
;K4#T+2O+
!V&1>R->.
Jb,&#T„ !*D=
3DVt||*d!7"…3DVt||‡*D0
D?75'7,`(D0•K).
21
03#$IJ#KH)
$&  V$"  IJ#  KH)
gi
'kgli  kgli
WT$" †||_{||, t|| {|| {|
]9) ‰||_„||, t|| „|| „|
]% z||_ƒ||, t|| ƒ|| ƒ|
A,F5G-DR*9,6[…
.AD'DVh56B2[…!*
g,&612DB>a5'D1
*`36(€R)*
B ?*!>7….
A-+*`B>a(•R)*6a>

7*N…>a]6.A,F5*OO5'D%
55Wd!-F,\
3d!-F*=3F-d!-F„|‡.$OO
5'5k+%+…B!3 ! kDV.K
@16d!-FD1@C.
;1#w5'D%…!…>.
e15'Dk+%+…2>O.
;K@+2#1d!-FD1
@C*,75' !.
89mIH),c&#$>#7\#$<#
;K4#là tỷ số tính theo phần trăm giữa tổng giá trị thặng dư và tổng số
tư bản xã hội đã đầu tư vào các ngành của nền sản xuất TBCN. Tỷ suất lợi nhuận
bình quân ký hiệu là P’.
L#
[…#d!-F
K#T !LlTA
#74 !
,#7
#7"
K1d!-FD1@C1?-F
!3gd!-FD1@C,?DDV*
22
P’ =
∑ m
∑ (c + v)
x 100%
=
∑ P
∑ K
x 100%

GR,U3--FDV*Z-F
D1@C.
;/-FD1@C?-FDV2DDV*
GR,2 !*j4[.
_k!T
;[+G-FD1@CjH#Tg!D!D
TALl,1-FD-k&,?-
DZ',,d!-FD1@C.l!-
FD1@C7"C+,-C2
D@+*D7D1@Cgd4D.
c. Sự chuyển hóa của giá trị hàng hóa thành giá cả sản xuất
TG,0O1d!-FD1@C,-FD1@C1
7••T_$_5' !.^ !
DV !,0-FD1@C#^TQJ•K_[
K1 !1 5@ !.
Jb,3"-*B= !,7'DV
 X1W !DVW7.
^7,\>B*D6 !* !>B
7,7 5@ !.
d. Ý nghĩa nghiên cứu
;A6O1k!-FD1@C*-FD1@C,
 !jH!@Z*knO,3"@53
-2D.
;Y"U,+nD!XDD
!C*!C!?TALl
!,0!*-2!,!,3
7.
;/-FD1@C, !g!E?7"
RBR-D1--
F*\@'D-F.

;QO1-FD1@C!5+C5S&
]@53*E+NDPF
 !*N`5O- !'.
23
;T+\++*5
r>*O54 !3-B
*`05]*R5 X.
;‘H6,00#
_A6O+2!5*'+O
*4 !R5RJ*-
6G1A0++F-*
54++*C]O+
DC4
_45*N,\hE+„>#>?>,7
O4*>?40*>
40.:3+5! >,7
*40I53•€A0R
2'64,33>*+1
+5! .
_:'5R,2H,OA0?'
3@?C*A0++F-*2X
R,3X?,04.
24
n!*$-:%=:3,c&)D**$-:%=51-I4#$,c&)D**$-:%=)?-#0
:F&,c&)D**$-:%=)?GF*5
!G7J#*$-:%=:3,c&)D**$-:%=
.LD,51D !4!07<*%
`B,]34X'.LD,5
0TALlD,5"X.
L XD*D,5DFD4-

@1,FR.LD,5D34+
=D<&!7
'F-?3(Z-*j4’).
;:"'D,5TALl#
_LD,5+D@53B2@53<&
D.:?,0,5ZS@53B2*?,0,5ZS@53
<&.
_LD,5"D4./,1^L,^LQw.
L"D45,5D!@53B2*
hk-@53<&!7*,<&
17D7!h]6*7
7<&D,5*]+-@57.
/-D,5.
_LD,5D-GD!*,FgLM
L…6C5!-13r3*D'4?@42
D,5,D,5.e4DLlTA-g!
!-,F3.LO*2@45@1 !
LlTAS,0D6.LD,5U1
 XD#DO-./6Xs7*DO-]
D*?.
;AED,5D34=#3@P!
D?7}3566,F4o}3'
>C+}DF7"U5(0
+3)'B !<&iQ?3+
=5+B2-(D=
-)*?,0D1&6p33q*Z
,5'-,1OU3Z
25