Test 1 boost your vocabulary cambridge ielts 18

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 18


Cuốn sách này của
........................................................................................................................

Điểm mục tiêu cho phần thi IELTS Reading là: .................
Mình sẽ đạt điếm số này vào ngày ................
Để làm được điều này, mình sẽ đọc cuốn sách này ít nhất ....... lần/tuần

SEBASTIAN BENNETT
JULIANA SILVA





LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
Chào các bạn,
Các bạn đang cầm trên tay cuốn “Boost your vocabulary” được biên soạn bởi thầy Đinh Thắng
và team A&M I IELTS.
Cuốn sách được viết nhằm mục đích giúp các bạn đang muốn cải thiện vốn từ vựng cho phần thi
Reading trong IELTS. Sách được viết dựa trên nền tảng bộ Cambridge IELTS của Nhà xuất bản
Đại học Cambridge – Anh Quốc.
Sau 06 năm phát hành miễn phí, cuốn sách đã giúp cho 24 bạn đạt 9.0 cùng rất nhiều bạn đã
đạt mục tiêu cho phần thi IELTS Reading của mình. Khơng chỉ được sử dụng bởi đông đảo các
bạn học sinh, sinh viên, người đi làm, cuốn sách cịn được các thầy cơ, các trung tâm tin tưởng
lựa chọn làm giáo trình học viên của mình. Hơn thế, cuốn sách cũng được đông đảo các bạn bè
quốc tế biết đến, tin tưởng và sử dụng.
Trong quá trình thực hiện, team A&M I IELTS đã dành nhiều thời gian để nghiên cứu cách thức
đưa nội dung sao cho khoa học và dễ dùng nhất với các bạn. Tuy vậy, cuốn sách khơng khỏi có

những hạn chế nhất định. Mọi góp ý để cải thiện nội dung cuốn sách mọi người xin gửi về email

Trân trọng cảm ơn,


TÁC GIẢ & NHÓM THỰC HIỆN


THẦY ĐINH THẮNG
Là chủ nhiệm và Founder của A&M I IELTS
Giảng viên IELTS tại Hà Nội từ 2012
Chứng chỉ ngành ngôn ngữ Anh, đại học Brighton, Anh Quốc, 2016.
Diễn giả hội thảo IELTS tổ chức bởi IDP Việt Nam (2022)
Tác giả các đầu sách IELTS như Hướng dẫn viết câu trong IELTS writing 7.0-7.5,
Highlight academic phrases in examiners' essays, Boost your comprehension
Cambridge IELTS
cùng các thầy cô và các thành viên trong team A&M I IELTS ...

Thầ y Hồng Anh
9.0 IELTS Reading

Cơ Như Ngọc
9.0 IELTS Reading

Cơ Ngọc Khuê
9.0 IELTS Reading

Cô Phương Anh
8.0 IELTS Reading

HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG SÁCH
ĐỐI TƯỢNG SỬ DỤNG SÁCH
Các bạn cần có mức độ từ vựng tương đương 5.5 trở lên (theo thang điểm 9 của IELTS),
nếu khơng có thể sẽ gặp khó khăn trong việc sử dụng sách này.
CÁC BƯỚC SỬ DỤNG



CÁCH 1: LÀM TEST TRƯỚC, HỌC TỪ VỰNG SAU
Bước 1: Bạn in cuốn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu để có thêm động lực học. Cuốn
sách được thiết kế cho việc đọc trực tiếp, không phải cho việc đọc online nên bạn
nào đọc online sẽ có thể thấy khá bất tiện khi tra cứu, đối chiếu từ vựng

Bước 2: Tìm mua cuốn Cambridge IELTS (10 cuốn mới nhất từ 8-17) của Nhà xuất
bản Cambridge để làm. Hãy cẩn thận đừng mua nhầm sách lậu. Sách của nhà
xuất bản Cambridge được tái bản tại Việt Nam thường có bìa và giấy dày, chữ rất
rõ nét.

Bước 3: Làm một bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bộ sách trên. Ví dụ passage
1, test 1 của Cambridge IELTS 13.

Bước 4: Đối chiếu với cuốn sách này, bạn sẽ lọc ra các từ vựng quan trọng cần
học. Ví dụ passage 1, test 1 của Cambridge IELTS 13, bài về Tourism New Zealand
Website: Bạn sẽ thấy
4.1 Cột bên trái là bản text gốc, trong đó bơi đậm các từ học thuật - academic
word
4.2 Cột bên phải chứa các từ vựng này theo kèm định nghĩa (definition) hoặc từ
đồng nghĩa (synonym)

CÁCH 2: HỌC TỪ VỰNG TRƯỚC, ĐỌC TEST SAU


Bước 1: Bạn in cuốn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu để có thêm động lực học. Cuốn
sách được thiết kế cho việc đọc trực tiếp, không phải cho việc đọc online nên bạn
nào đọc online sẽ có thể thấy khá bất tiện khi tra cứu, đối chiếu từ vựng

Bước 2: Đọc cột bên trái như đọc báo. Duy trì hàng ngày. Khi nào khơng hiểu từ
nào thì xem nghĩa hoặc synonym của từ đó ở cột bên phải. Giai đoạn này giúp bạn
phát triển việc đọc tự nhiên, thay vì đọc theo kiểu làm test. Bạn càng hiểu nhiều
càng tốt. Cố gắng nhớ từ theo ngữ cảnh.

Bước 3: Làm một bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bộ sách Cambridge IELTS.
Ví dụ bạn đọc xong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 9&10 này thì có thể làm các test
trong cuốn 11 chẳng hạn. Làm test xong thì cố gắng phát hiện các từ đã học trong
cuốn 9&10. Bạn nào có khả năng ghi nhớ tốt chắc chắn sẽ gặp lại rất nhiều từ đã
học. Bạn nào có khả năng ghi nhớ vừa phải cũng sẽ gặp lại khơng ít từ.

Bước 4: Đọc cuốn Boost your vocabulary tương ứng với test bạn vừa làm.

Ví dụ 1 chu trình đầy đủ theo cách này
B1. Đọc hiểu và học từ vựng trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 9&10
B2. Làm test 1 trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 11
B3. Đọc hiểu và học từ vựng trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 11 & tìm các từ lặp lại
mà bạn đã đọc trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 9&10


BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 18

1

TEST 1
READING PASSAGE 1

I

n Paris, urban farmers are trying a soil-free

urban = metropolitan, city-related, municipal
approach = method, technique, strategy
agriculture= farming, cultivation, horticulture
resource= asset, material, provision
on top of = atop, above, over
striking= impressive, remarkable, eye-catching

approach to agriculture that uses less space and
fewer resources. Could it help cities face the threats
exhibition = display, showcase, presentation
to our food supplies?
On top of a striking new exhibition hall in southern
Paris, the world’s largest urban rooftop farm has
started to bear fruit. Strawberries that are small,
intensely flavored and resplendently red sprout
abundantly from large plastic tubes. Peer inside and
you see the tubes are completely hollow, the roots of
dozens of strawberry plants dangling down inside

hall =a building or large room used for events involving a
lot of people

bear = produce, yield, generate
intensely= strongly, deeply, greatly
flavored= tasty, flavorful, delicious
resplendent= very bright
sprout= grow, emerge, develop
abundant= plentiful, ample, copious
tube = cylinder, pipe, conduit
peer = look, gaze, observe
hollow= empty, vacant, void
dangling= hanging, suspended, swaying
identical= being the same, indistinguishable, looking
alike

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2

them. From identical vertical tubes nearby burst row vertical= upright, perpendicular, straight
burst = grow, sprout, emerge

upon row of lettuces; near those are aromatic herbs, aromatic= fragrant, perfumed, scented
herbs =a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking

such as basil, sage and peppermint. Opposite, in to give flavor to particular dishes or in making medicine
opposite = across from, facing, on the other side of

narrow, horizontal trays packed not with soil but with horizontal= flat, level, parallel with the ground
= container, plate, dish
coconut fiber, grow cherry tomatoes, shiny tray
packed = filled, stuffed, loaded
aubergines and brightly coloured chards.
Pascal Hardy, an engineer and sustainable
development consultant, began experimenting with
vertical farming and aeroponic growing towers —
as the soil-free plastic tubes are known — on his Paris
apartment block roof five years ago. The urban rooftop
space above the exhibition hall is somewhat bigger:
14,000 square meters and almost exactly the size of
a couple of football pitches. Already, the team of
young urban farmers who tend it have picked, in one
day, 3,000 lettuces and 150 punnets of strawberries.
When the remaining two thirds of the vast open area
are in production, 20 staff will harvest up to 1,000 kg
of perhaps 35 different varieties of fruit and
vegetables, every day. ‘We’re not ever, obviously,
going to feed the whole city this way,’ cautions Hardy.
‘In the urban environment you’re working with very
significant practical constraints, clearly, on what you
can do and where. But if enough unused space can
be developed like this, there’s no reason why you
shouldn’t eventually target maybe between 5% and
10% of consumption.’
Perhaps most significantly, however, this is a reallife showcase for the work of Hardy’s flourishing
urban agriculture consultancy, Agripolis, which is
currently fielding enquiries from around the world to
design, build and equip a new breed of soil-free

inner-city farm. ‘The method’s advantages are
many,’ he says. ‘First, I don’t much like the fact that
most of the fruit and vegetables we eat have been
treated with something like 17 different pesticides, or
that the intensive farming techniques that produced
them are such huge generators of greenhouse
gasses. I don’t much like the fact, either, that they’ve
traveled an average of 2,000 refrigerated kilometers
to my plate, that their quality is so poor, because the

fiber= a long and thin strand/thread
aubergine= eggplant, brinjal, melongene
chard= swiss chard, leaf beet, spinach beet
sustainable = environmentally friendly, eco-friendly,
green
consultant = advisor, specialist, expert
experiment = test, trial, exploration
vertical farming = the practice of growing crops in
vertically stacked levels.
aeroponic = the process of cultivating plants in an air or
mist environment, eliminating the need for soil
somewhat = moderately, to some extent, fairly
pitch = field, arena, grounds
tend = care for, manage, oversee
pick = harvest, gather, pluck
punnet = tray, container, basket
vast= huge, enormous, massive
harvest = collect, reap, gather
variety = assortment, range, diversity
obviously = clearly, evidently, plainly

caution = warn, advise, alert
practical = functional, usable, efficient
constraint = limitation, restriction, obstacle
eventually = ultimately, in the end, over time
target = aim for, focus on, strive for
consumption = usage, utilization, intake
significantly = importantly, substantially, considerably
showcase = display, exhibit, demonstration
flourishing = thriving, prospering, blooming
consultancy = a company that gives advice on a
particular subject
field = answer, deal with, handle
enquiry = inquiry, question, request
equip = outfit, supply, furnish
breed = cultivate, raise, propagate
inner-city = urban, metropolitan, city center
advantage = benefit, advantage, upside
treat = handle, deal with, tackle
pesticide = insecticide, chemicals used for killing insects
and pests, pest control
intensive = concentrated on a single area or subject or
into a short time
generator = source, producer, creator
refrigerated = cooled, chilled, frozen
quality = standard
variety= type, kind, breed, specie
capacity = capability, ability, potential
withstand = endure, bear, tolerate

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3

varieties are selected for their capacity to withstand substantial = significant, considerable, substantial
wholesaler = distributor, supplier, middleman
such substantial journeys, or that 80% of the price I
pay goes to wholesalers and transport companies,
not the producers.’
Produce grown using this soil-free method, on the
other hand — which relies solely on a small quantity
of water, enriched with organic nutrients, pumped
around a closed circuit of pipes, towers and trays —
is produced up here, and sold locally, just down there.
It barely travels at all,’ Hardy says. “You can select
crop varieties for their flavor, not their resistance to
the transport and storage chain, and you can pick
them when they’re really at their best, and not before.’
No soil is exhausted, and the water that gently
showers the plants’ roots every 12 minutes is
recycled, so the method uses 90% less water than a
classic intensive farm for the same yield.

produce = things that have been produced or grown,
especially by farming
solely = only, exclusively, purely
quantity = amount, volume, total

enrich = enhance, improve, enrich
organic = natural, ecological, sustainable
nutrient = any substance that plants or animals need in
order to live and grow
pump = circulate, propel, move
circuit = system, network, setup
barely = hardly, scarcely, only just, almost not
resistance = resilience, immunity, defense
storage chain = supply chain, distribution network,
logistic system
exhausted = tired, depleted, worn out
recycle = reuse, repurpose, regenerate
classic = traditional, standard, conventional
yield = productivity, output, harvest

phenomenon = trend, occurrence, phenomenon
boom = surge, growth, expansion
disused = abandoned, unused, neglected
virtuous = righteous, moral, ethical
install = set up, establish, position
roughly = approximately, about, around
consume = use, utilize, devour
fraction = portion, part, segment

Urban farming is not, of course, a new phenomenon.
Inner-city agriculture is booming from Shanghai to
Detroit and Tokyo to Bangkok. Strawberries are being
grown in disused shipping containers, mushrooms in
underground car parks. Aeroponic farming, he says,
is ‘virtuous’. The equipment weighs little, can be

installed on almost any flat surface and is cheap to
buy: roughly €100 to €150 per square metre. It is
cheap to run, too, consuming a tiny fraction of the
electricity used by some techniques.
typically = usually, commonly, ordinarily
Produce grown this way typically sells at prices that,
while generally higher than those of classic intensive
agriculture, are lower than soil-based organic
growers. There are limits to what farmers can grow
this way, of course, and much of the produce is suited
to the summer months. ‘Root vegetables we cannot
do, at least not yet,’ he says. ‘Radishes are OK, but
carrots, potatoes, that kind of thing — the roots are
simply too long. Fruit trees are obviously not an
option. And beans tend to take up a lot of space for
not much return.’ Nevertheless, urban farming of the
kind being practised in Paris is one part of a bigger
and fast-changing picture that is bringing food
production closer to our lives.

-based= used to describe the basic feature or part of
something
option = choice, alternative, selection
take up = occupy, utilize, use
return = yield, output, profit
nevertheless = nonetheless, however, regardless
practice = method, approach, technique
fast-changing = rapidly evolving, dynamic, fluid

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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 18

4

READING PASSAGE 2

F

orest Management In Pennsylvania, USA

How managing low-quality wood (also known as lowuse wood) for bioenergy can encourage sustainable
forest management.
A. A tree’s ‘value’ depends on several factors including
its species, size, form, condition, quality, function,
and accessibility, and depends on the management
goals for a given forest. The same tree can be valued
very differently by each person who looks at it. A large,
straight black cherry tree has high value as timber to be
cut into logs or made into furniture, but for a
landowner more interested in wildlife habitat, the real
value of that stem (or trunk) may be the food it provides
to animals. Likewise, if the tree suffers from black
knot disease, its value for timber decreases, but to a

management= supervision, administration, control
bioenergy= a source of energy from the green
material that makes up plants, known as biomass.

sustainable= eco-friendly, environmentally friendly,
green

value= worth, importance, significance
factor= element, aspect, consideration
species= type, kind, variety
condition= the state of something with regard to its
appearance, quality, or working order.
quality= standard, grade, caliber
function= purpose, role, use
accessibility= availability, approachability, ease of
access
given= provided, specified, granted
value= assess, evaluate, gauge
timber= wood prepared for use in building and
carpentry.
log= timber, trunk, wood block
furniture= furnishings, fixtures, decorations

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woodworker interested in making bowls, it brings an
opportunity for a unique and beautiful piece of art.
B. In the past, Pennsylvania landowners were solely
interested in the value of their trees as high-quality
timber. The norm was to remove the stems of highest

quality and leave behind poorly formed trees that were
not as well suited to the site where they grew. This
practice, called ‘high-grading’, has left a legacy of ‘lowuse wood’ in the forests. Some people even call these
‘junk trees’, and they are abundant in Pennsylvania.
These trees have lower economic value for traditional
timber markets, compete for growth with higher-value
trees, shade out desirable regeneration and decrease
the health of a stand leaving it more vulnerable to poor
weather and disease. Management that specifically
targets low-use wood can help landowners manage
these forest health issues, and wood energy markets
help promote this.
C. Wood energy markets can accept less expensive
wood material of lower quality than would be suitable for
traditional timber markets. Most wood used for energy
in Pennsylvania is used to produce heat or electricity
through combustion. Many schools and hospitals use
wood boiler systems to heat and power their facilities,
many homes are primarily heated with wood, and some
coal plants incorporate wood into their coal streams to
produce electricity. Wood can also be gasified for
electrical generation and can even be made into liquid
fuels like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars. All
these products are made primarily from low-use wood.
Several tree- and plant-cutting approaches, which
could greatly improve the long-term quality of a forest,
focus strongly or solely on the use of wood for those
markets.
D. One such approach is called a Timber Stand
Improvement (TSI) Cut. In a TSI Cut, really poor-quality

tree and plant material is cut down to allow more space,
light, and other resources to the highest-valued stems
that remain. Removing invasive plants might be
another primary goal of a TSI Cut. The stems that are
left behind might then grow in size and develop more
foliage and larger crowns or tops that produce more
coverage for wildlife; they have a better chance to
regenerate in a less crowded environment. TSI Cuts
can be tailored to one farmer’s specific management

5

landowner= property owner, estate holder, landlord
habitat= environment, ecosystem, surroundings
likewise= similarly, in the same way, correspondingly
suffer from = endure, experience, undergo
woodworker= carpenter, craftsman, artisan
unique= one-of-a-kind, distinct, exclusive
solely= only, exclusively, purely
high-quality= excellent, finest, first-rate, superior
practice= something that is usually or regularly done,
often as a habit, tradition, or custom
legacy= something that is a part of your history or that
remains from an earlier time
abundant= plentiful, ample, copious
shade out= causing an area to become darker by
blocking or reducing the amount of light that reaches it
regeneration= renewal,regrowth, rejuvenation
stand= in this context, "stand" refers to a group of
trees or a forest area that is managed as a unit.

vulnerable= susceptible, fragile, defenseless

combustion= burning, igniting, firing, kindling
facilities= the buildings, equipment, and services
provided for a particular purpose
incorporate= integrate,include, merge
gasified= become gas
generation= creation, formation, production
liquid= like water, that is not solid or a gas and that
can be poured easily
lorry= a large, heavy motor vehicle for transporting
goods or troops= a truck.
approach= a way of doing something

stems= the stick-like central part of a plant that grows
above the ground and from which leaves and flowers
grow
invasive= intrusive, encroaching, overrunning
foliage= plant leaves
crown= the branches and foliage at the top of a tree,
top = the upper part of a plant or tree, including its
branches and leaves.
regenerate= recreate, renew, rejuvenate
tailor= customize, adjust, modify

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BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – CAMBRIDGE IELTS 18

goals for his or her land.
E. Another approach that might yield a high amount of
low-use wood is a Salvage Cut. With the many pests
and pathogens visiting forests including hemlock
wooly adelgid, Asian longhorned beetle, emerald ash
borer, and gypsy moth, to name just a few, it is
important to remember that those working in the forests
can help ease these issues through cutting
procedures. These types of cut reduce the number of
sick trees and seek to manage the future spread of a
pest problem. They leave vigorous trees that have
stayed healthy enough to survive the outbreak.
F. A Shelterwood Cut, which only takes place in a
mature forest that has already been thinned several
times, involves removing all the mature trees when
other seedlings have become established. This then
allows the forester to decide which tree species are
regenerated. It leaves a young forest where all trees
are at a similar point in their growth. It can also be used
to develop a two-tier forest so that there are two
harvests and the money that comes in is spread out
over a decade or more.
G. Thinnings and dense and dead wood removal for fire
prevention also center on the production of low-use
wood. However, it is important to remember that some
retention of what many would classify as low-use
wood is very important. The tops of trees that have
been cut down should be left on the site so that their
nutrients cycle back into the soil. In addition, trees with

many cavities are extremely important habitats for
insect predators like woodpeckers, bats and small
mammals. They help control problem insects and
increase the health and resilience of the forest. It is
also important to remember that not all small trees are
low-use. For example, many species like hawthorn
provide food for wildlife. Finally, rare species of trees in
a forest should also stay behind as they add to its
structural diversity.

6

pests = nuisances, vermin, insects
pathogens= microorganisms, germs, bacteria
hemlock= poison, toxin, deadly plant
longhomed= long-necked,-beaked, long-snouted
beetle= a type of insect
emerald = bright green
ash borer= a type of insect
gypsy moth = a type of pest
ease= alleviate, relieve, mitigate
procedure= method, technique, protocol
pest= a destructive insect or other animal that attacks
crops, food, livestock.
vigorous= strong, robust, healthy
outbreak= epidemic, outburst, surge

seedling= young trees, baby plants
new growths
established= settled, formed, founded

regenerated= renewed, replenished, restored
growth= development, progress, advancement
harvest= gathering, collection, crop
spread out= dispersed, scattered, distributed

dense=: thick, compact, crowded
low-use= underutilized, infrequently used, rarely
utilized
retention= preservation, conservation, keeping
classify= categorize, group, sort
soil= earth, ground, dirt
cavities= holes, openings, hollows
insect predators= insect-eating, insect-hunting,
insect-consuming
resilience= resistance, endurance, flexibility
low-use= underutilized, infrequently used, rarely
utilized
wildlife= animals, creatures, fauna
rare = endangered, scarce, uncommon

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7

READING PASSAGE 3

S

atellites, rocket shards and collision debris are

creating major traffic risks in orbit around the planet.
Researchers are working to reduce these threats
A.
Last year, commercial companies, military and civil
departments and amateurs sent more than 400
satellites into orbit, over four times the yearly average in
the previous decade. Numbers could rise even more
sharply if leading space companies follow through on
plans to deploy hundreds to thousands of large
constellations of satellites to space in the next few
years.
All that traffic can lead to disaster. Ten years ago, a US
commercial Iridium satellite smashed into an inactive
Russian communications satellite called Cosmos-2251,

shard = a piece of broken metal, glass, or rock, typically
having sharp edges = broken parts
collision = crash, impact, accident
debris= rubbish, trash, wreckage
orbit= space path, celestial trajectory, revolving route
threat= danger, risk, menace

commercial= business, trade, profit-making
civil= relating to ordinary citizens
department= division, unit, section
amateur= non-professional, hobbyist, enthusiast

sharply= steeply, dramatically, significantly
leading= prominent, principal, primary
follow through on= continue
deploy= set up, install, position
constellations= groups, clusters, arrays
satellite= spacecraft, orbiters, space probes

traffic= the amount of aircraft, trains, or ships moving
along a route
disaster= catastrophe, calamity, tragedy
smash into= crash into, run into
inactive= idle, unused, not running

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8

creating thousands of new pieces of space shrapnel that
now threaten other satellites in low Earth orbit — the
zone stretching up to 2,000 kilometers in altitude.
Altogether, there are roughly 20,000 human-made
objects in orbit, from working satellites to small rocket
pieces. And satellite operators can’t steer away from
every potential crash, because each move consumes
time and fuel that could otherwise be used for the
spacecraft’s main job.

shrapnel= shards, fragments, debris, splinters
threaten= endanger, menace, jeopardize
altitude = height
human-made= man-made, artificial, created by humans
operator= controller, manager, handler
steer away= avoid, evade, divert
otherwise= alternatively, else, in another way

B.

concern= worry, anxiety, distress
junk = trash, garbage, litter
objects = things
rising = increasing, growing, escalating
rapidly= quickly, swiftly, speedily
researcher= scientist, scholar, investigator
investigating= exploring, examining, researching
attacking= addressing, dealing with, tackling
assess= evaluate, analyzing, examine
efficiently= effectively, productively, competently
ever-more-crowded= increasingly congested,
progressively crowded
compile= gather, collect, assemble
massive= huge, enormous, gigantic
taxonomies= classifications, categorizations.
properties = qualities
coming their way= will happen next

Concern about space junk goes back to the beginning of

the satellite era, but the number of objects in orbit is
rising so rapidly that researchers are investigating
new ways of attacking the problem. Several teams are
trying to improve methods for assessing what is in orbit,
so that satellite operators can work more efficiently
in ever-more-crowded space. Some researchers are
now starting to compile a massive data set that includes
the best possible information on where everything is in
orbit. Others are developing taxonomies of space debris
— working on measuring properties such as the shape
and size of an object, so that satellite operators know
how much to worry about what’s coming their way.
alternative= another option,a different choice
The alternative, many say, is unthinkable. Just a few
uncontrolled space crashes could generate enough
debris to set off a runaway cascade of fragments,
rendering near-Earth space unusable. ‘If we go on like
this, we will reach a point of no return,’ says Carolin
Frueh, an astro-dynamical researcher at Purdue
University in West Lafayette, Indiana.
C.
Even as our ability to monitor space objects increases,
so too does the total number of items in orbit. That
means companies, governments and other players in
space are collaborating in new ways to avoid a shared
threat. International groups such as the Inter-Agency
Space Debris Coordination Committee have developed
guidelines on space sustainability. Those include
inactivating satellites at the end of their useful life by
venting pressurized materials or leftover fuel that might

lead to explosions. The intergovernmental groups also
advise lowering satellites deep enough into the
atmosphere that they will burn up or disintegrate within
25 years. But so far, only about half of all missions have

unthinkable= unrealistic, unimaginable, impossible
uncontrolled= unmanaged, out of control, chaotic
crash= collision, impact, accident
generate= produce, create, cause
set off = start
runaway cascade= means that once something bad
starts happening, it keeps getting worse and worse very
quickly,
fragments= pieces, shards, particles
render= make, transform, change
a point of no return= irreversible stage, critical threshold
,unrecoverable point
monitor = observe, watch, track
collaborating = working together, cooperating, joining
forces
shared= joint, mutual
guideline = instruction, rule, recommendation
inactivating = deactivating, disabling, turning off
pressurized = compressed, pressed, squeezed
leftover= a leftover part of something is the part that has
not been used or eaten when the other parts have been
explosion = burst, blast, eruption
burn up = incinerate, combust, ignite
disintegrate = break apart, crumble, deteriorate

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abided by this 25-year goal, says Holger Krag, head of
the European Space Agency's space-debris office in
Darmstadt, Germany. Operators of the planned large
constellations of satellites say they will be responsible
stewards in their enterprises in space, but Krag worries
that problems could increase, despite their best
intentions. ‘What happens to those that fail or go
bankrupt?’ he asks. ‘They are probably not going to
spend money to remove their satellites from space.’

9

abided by = followed, complied with, obeyed
steward = custodian, guardian, caretaker
enterprise = project, venture, initiative
bankrupt = insolvent, penniless, indebted

D.
In theory, given the vastness of space, satellite
operators should have plenty of room for all these
missions to fly safely without ever nearing another object.
So some scientists are tackling the problem of space
junk by trying to find out where all the debris is to a high
degree of precision. That would alleviate the need for

many of the unnecessary maneuvers that are carried out
to avoid potential collisions. ‘If you knew precisely where
everything was, you would almost never have a problem,’
says Marlon Sorge, a space-debris specialist at the
Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California.

vastness = bigness, immensity, extent, enormity
tackle = address, deal with, confront
find out = discover, uncover, ascertain
precision = accuracy, exactness, rigor
alleviate = ease, reduce, mitigate
maneuvers = maneuvers, actions, movements
collisions = crashes, impacts, accidents
specialist = experts

E.
The field is called space traffic management, because it’s
similar to managing traffic on the roads or in the air. Think
about a busy day at an airport, says Moriba Jah, an
astrodynamicist at the University of Texas at Austin:
planes line up in the sky, landing and taking off close to
one another in a carefully choreographed routine. Airtraffic controllers know the location of the planes down to
one meter in accuracy. The same can’t be said for space
debris. Not all objects in orbit are known, and even those
included in databases are not tracked consistently.

astrodynamicist= a person who studies astrodynamics
astrodynamics = a way of talking about how things move
in space. it's like understanding how rockets, satellites,
and planets move around in the sky

line up= arrange in a straight row.
land = touchdown, arrival, descent
take off = departure, liftoff, launch
choreographed = planned, organized, arranged
accuracy = precision, exactness, reliability
tracked = monitored, followed, traced
consistently = continuously, reliably, persistently

F.
An additional problem is that there is no authoritative
catalog that accurately lists the orbits of all known space
debris. Jah illustrates this with a web-based database
that he has developed. It draws on several sources,
such as catalogs maintained by the US and Russian
governments, to visualize where objects are in space.
When he types in an identifier for a particular space
object, the database draws a purple line to designate its
orbit. Only this doesn’t quite work for a number of objects,
such as a Russian rocket body designated in the

authoritative catalog= an official and reliable list or
record that provides accurate and trustworthy information
about the orbits of all known space debris.
illustrate = demonstrate, show, depict
database= a collection of data stored
draw on = use something
visualize= form an image in a brain; imagine
identifier = label, name, code
designate = assign, identify, label
cross-correlate = compare, match, align

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10

database as object number 32280. When Jah enters that
number, the database draws two purple lines: the US and
Russian sources contain two completely different orbits
for the same object. Jah says that it is almost impossible
to tell which is correct, unless a third source of
information made it possible to cross-correlate.
Jah describes himself as a space environmentalist: ‘I
want to make space a place that is safe to operate, that
is free and useful for generations to come.’ Until that
happens, he argues, the space community will continue
devolving into a tragedy in which all spaceflight
operators are polluting a common resource.

environmentalist = conservationist, green advocate,
nature protector
devolving = deteriorating, declining, regressing

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PHỤ LỤC
IELTS READING ANSWER SHEET
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Một số bạn thậm chí không sử dụng answer sheet trong lúc luyện tập. Điều này là
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Dưới đây là link answer sheet dùng cho bài thi Reading sử dụng trong các kỳ
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và tạo điều kiện cho việc “rút kinh nghiệm” trong các lần làm bài kế tiếp, các
bạn nên sử dụng answer sheet sau
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