Tải bản đầy đủ (.pdf) (21 trang)

Nâng cao hiệu quả dạy học stem thông qua thiết kế và tổ chức hoạt động dạy học chủ đề giá thể trồng cây – công nghệ trồng trọt 10 (sách kết nối tri thức)

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (2.38 MB, 21 trang )

33014.pdf







6*,ẩ2'&9ơơ2721*+$1

751*7+37',1&+ặ8



















6ẩ1*.,1.,1+1*+,0





7ầ17ơ,



1ặ1*&$2+,848'<+&67(07+é1*48$7+,7
.9ơ7&+&+271*'<+&&+*,ẩ7+

751*&ặ<&{QJQJKWUQJWUW
/1+9&&é1*1*+















1JK$QWKiQJQP









3+1,791
/tGRFKQWjL
*LiRGF67(0OjPWTXDQLPG\KFWKHRKQJWLSFQOLrQQJjQKW
KDL WURQJ FiF OQK YF .KRD KӑF�� &{QJ� QJKӋ�� .ƭ� WKXұW� Yj� 7RiQ� KӑF� WUӣ� OrQ��
7K{QJ� TXD� FiFK� WLӃS� FұQ�JLiR� GөF� WtFK� KӧS� WURQJ� 67(0�� KӑF� VLQK� QKұQ� WKӭF�
ÿѭӧF�Vӵ�JLDR�WKRD�JLӳD�FiF�QJjQK�NKRD�KӑF�Yj�7RiQ�KӑF��WKҩ\�ÿѭӧF�Vӵ�FҫQ�WKLӃW�
FӫD�FiF�NLӃQ�WKӭF�NKRD�KӑF�ÿӇ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�PӝW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WKӵF�WLӉQ�KD\�WҥR�QrQ�PӝW�
VҧQ�SKҭP��ĈӗQJ�WKӡL��WURQJ�TXi�WUuQK�ÿy�KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�NKX\ӃQ�NKtFK�ViQJ�WҥR��
NKѫL�JӧL�QLӅP�VD\�Pr�KӑF�WұS�Yj�JL~S�FiF�HP�NKiP�SKi�QăQJ�OӵF�FӫD�EҧQ�WKkQ��
0өF�ÿtFK�FKtQK�FӫD�FiF�FKѭѫQJ� WUuQK�JLiR�GөF�67(0�Oj� WҥR�FKR�FiF�HP�KӭQJ�
WK~�KӑF�WұS��WUӣ�WKjQK�QKӳQJ�FRQ�QJѭӡL�Fy�ÿҫ\�ÿӫ�SKҭP�FKҩW��QăQJ�OӵF��EҧQ�OƭQK�
ÿӇ� WKtFK�ӭQJ�YӟL�FXӝF�VӕQJ�KLӋQ�ÿҥL�QKѭ��&iF�QăQJ�OӵF�Wӵ�FKӫ�Yj�Wӵ�KӑF��QăQJ�
OӵF�JLDR�WLӃS�Yj�KӧS�WiF��QăQJ�OӵF�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�Yj�ViQJ�WҥR��7KӡL�JLDQ�TXD��
QJjQK�JLiR�GөF�ÿm�WtFK�FӵF�WKӵF�KLӋQ�JLiR�GөF�67(0��[k\�GӵQJ�FiF�FKӫ�ÿӅ�Gҥ\�
KӑF�OLrQ�P{Q��1KLӅX�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�FӫD�JLiR�GөF�67(0�ÿm�ÿѭӧF�FiF�WUѭӡQJ�KӑF�
OӵD�FKӑQ�WULӇQ�NKDL�JLҧQJ�Gҥ\�FKR�KӑF�VLQK�ӣ�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�Yj�ÿm�NKtFK�OӋ�ÿѭӧF�
KӑF�VLQK�WKDP�JLD�KӑF�WұS��ViQJ�WҥR��9LӋF�Gҥ\�KӑF�FiF�FKӫ�ÿӅ�67(0�JyS�SKҫQ�
ÿәL�PӟL�SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�Gҥ\�KӑF�ÿm�WKӵF�Vӵ�FKR�WKҩ\�KLӋX�TXҧ����
�����0{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW�OӟS����FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�JLiR�GөF�SKә�WK{QJ������Fy�
QKLӅX�FKӫ�ÿӅ��EjL�KӑF�Fy�WKӇ�WULӇQ�NKDL�Gҥ\�KӑF�WKHR�SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�67(0�ÿӇ�WҥR�
KӭQJ� WK~�WURQJ�KӑF� WұS�FKR�FiF�HP��ĈһF�ÿLӇP�FӫD�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�Oj�KӑF�VLQK�
ÿѭӧF�OjP��ÿѭӧF�WUҧL�QJKLӋP�WURQJ�KӑF�WұS��Yu�Yұ\�NKkX�FKXҭQ�Eӏ�QJX\rQ�YұW�OLӋX��
GөQJ�Fө�QKҵP�SKөF�Yө�FKR�KӑF� WұS� Oj�UҩW�TXDQ� WUӑQJ��7URQJ�FKѭѫQJ� WUuQK�JiR�
GөF�SKә�WK{QJ�������VRQJ�VRQJ�YӟL�P{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW�OӟS�����ӣ�KҫX�KӃW�

FiF�P{Q�KӑF�NKiF�FNJQJ�F�QJ�WULӇQ�NKDL�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0��9LӋF�WULӇQ�NKDL�QKLӅX�WLӃW�
KӑF�67(0�ÿӗQJ�ÿӅX�ӣ�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�WURQJ�F�QJ�PӝW�WKӡL�ÿLӇP�OjP�FKR�F{QJ�YLӋF�
FKXҭQ�Eӏ�FKR�KӑF�WұS�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK�ÿ{L� O~F� WUӣ�QrQ�iS� OӵF�Yj� FKӗQJ�FKpR� WURQJ�
SKkQ�F{QJ�QKLӋP�Yө�KӑF�WұS�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�NKiF�QKDX�FӫD�FiF�HP��&KtQK�Yu�ÿLӅX�
ÿy��JLiR�YLrQ�FҫQ�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�FiF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�KӧS�Oê��OLQK�KRҥW�ÿӇ�Gҥ\�KӑF�
67(0�WUӣ�QrQ�QKҽ�QKjQJ�Yj�WKtFK�WK~��ÿHP�OҥL�KLӋX�TXҧ�FDR��
����/jP�WKӃ�QjR�ÿӇ�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�YjR�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�
QyL�FKXQJ�Yj�P{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW����QyL�ULrQJ�ÿӇ�ÿҧP�EҧR�WtQK�NKRD�KӑF��
QKҽ�QKjQJ�Yj�PDQJ�OҥL�KLӋX�TXҧ�FDR�KѫQ�QӳD��ÿһF�ELӋW�Oj�ÿiS�ӭQJ�ÿѭӧF�PөF�WLrX�
JLiR�GөF�SKә�WK{QJ������ÿy�Oj�YҩQ�ÿӅ�NKy�ÿzL�KӓL�JLiR�YLrQ�SKҧL�Fy�PӝW�Vӕ�NLQK�
QJKLӋP�WURQJ�WKLӃW�NӃ�EjL�Gҥ\�Yj�NLQK�QJKLӋP�WURQJ�Wә�FKӭF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�WURQJ�Gҥ\�
KӑF�67(0��4XD�FiF�QăP�FK~QJ�W{L�ÿm�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�FiF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�
67(0�PӝW� Vӕ� FKӫ�ÿӅ� WURQJ� Eӝ�P{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ� Yj� Eӝ�P{Q� 6LQK� KӑF��ĈӇ�ÿҥW�
ÿѭӧF�KLӋX�TXҧ�FDR�WRQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�P{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW����FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�JLiR�



��


GөF� SKә� WK{QJ� ������ FK~QJ� W{L� OӵD� FKӑQ� ÿӅ� WjL�� ³1Ỉ1*�&$2�+,ӊ8�48Ҧ�
'Ҥ<� +Ӑ&� � 67(0� 7+Ð1*� 48$� 7+,7 . 9ơ 7 &+& +27
1*'<+&&+*,ẩ7+751*&ặ<&{QJQJK WUQJ
WUW
7tQKPLFDWjL[XWPWVELQSKiSWKLWNEjLG\YjWFKF
FiFKRWQJG\KFJLPEWiSOFWURQJYLFFKXQEG\KF67(0
FDJLiRYLrQYjKFVLQKiSQJPF WLrXFKQJWUuQKJLiRGFSK WK{QJ
WK{QJTXDFK*LiWKWUQJFk\&{QJQJKWUQJWUW
1KLPYYjSKQJSKiSWFKFQJKLrQFX
7uPKLXFVOờOXQFDG\KF67(0

7uPKLXTX\WUuQKWKLWNEjLG\YjWFKFFiFKRWQJG\KFQkQJ
FDRFKWOQJG\KF67(0
LXWUDWKFWUQJFDYLFWKLWNEjLG\YjWFKFFiFKRWQJG\KF
FQJQKPFKQJWK~FDKFVLQKWURQJKFWSP{Q&{QJQJKWUQJWUW
WKHRSKQJSKiSG\KF67(0FDPWVWUQJ7+37WUrQDEjQKX\Q
[XWPWVELQSKiSNKFSKFNKyNKQYjQkQJFDRFKWOQJG\KF
67(0FK*LiWKWUQJFk\&{QJQJKWUQJWUW
7KLWNEjLKFWKHRKQJG\KF67(0QkQJFDRFKWOQJG\KF
7KFQJKLPVSKPiQKJLiKLXTXFDG\KF67(0YLFK
*LiWKWUQJFk\&{QJQJKWUQJWUW







3+1,,*,,48<791
,&6 /é�/8Ұ1��&Ѫ�6Ӣ� 7+Ӵ&�7,ӈ1��7+Ӵ&�75Ҥ1*�&Ӫ$�9,ӊ&�
7+Ӵ&�+,ӊ1�1Ӝ,�'81*�Ĉӄ�7¬,��
,����&ѫ�Vӣ�Ot�OXұQ���
,������.KiL�QL͏P�JLiR�GͭF�67(0��
����*LiR�GөF�67(0�Oj�P{�KuQK�JLiR�GөF�GӵD� WUrQ�FiFK� WLӃS�FұQ� OLrQ�P{Q��JL~S�
KӑF�VLQK�iS�GөQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�.KRD�KӑF��&{QJ�QJKӋ��.ӻ�WKXұW�Yj�7RiQ�KӑF�YjR�JLҧL�
TX\ӃW�PӝW�Vӕ�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WKӵF�WLӉQ�WURQJ�EӕL�FҧQK�Fө�WKӇ��
���1Kѭ�Yұ\��JLiR�GөF�67(0�WURQJ� WUѭӡQJ�SKә� WK{QJ�ÿѭӧF�KLӇX� Oj� WUDQJ�Eӏ� FKR�
QJѭӡL�KӑF�QKӳQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�Yj�Nƭ�QăQJ�FҫQ�WKLӃW�OLrQ�TXDQ�ÿӃQ�FiF�OƭQK�YӵF�.KRD�
KӑF��&{QJ�QJKӋ��.ƭ� WKXұW�Yj�7RiQ�KӑF��1KӳQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�Yj�Nƭ�QăQJ�Qj\�ÿѭӧF�
WtFK�KӧS��OӗQJ�JKpS�Yj�Eә�WUӧ�QKDX�JL~S�KӑF�VLQK�KLӇX�ELӃW�YӅ�QJX\rQ�Oê��iS�GөQJ�
ÿӇ� WKӵF� KjQK� Yj� WҥR� UD� ÿѭӧF� QKӳQJ� VҧQ� SKҭP� WURQJ� FXӝF� VӕQJ� WKѭӡQJ� QJj\��

1KӳQJ�VҧQ�SKҭP�Qj\�NK{QJ�QKҩW�WKLӃW�SKҧL�Oj�VҧQ�SKҭP�PӟL��ÿӯQJ�QJKƭ�UҵQJ�FiF�
HP�SKҧL� WҥR�UD�ÿLӅX�Ju�ÿy�PӟL�Pҿ�PӟL�Oj�67(0��QKѭ�Yұ\�FiF�HP�ÿm� Oj�QKӳQJ�
QKj�ViQJ�FKӃ�UӗL��WҩW�QKLrQ�QӃX�WҥR�UD�VҧQ�SKҭP�PӟL�WKu�FjQJ�WӕW��
,�����9DL�WUz�FͯD�JLiR�GͭF�67(0�ͧ�WU˱ͥQJ�SK͝�WK{QJ��
����ĈѭD�JLiR�GөF�67(0�YjR�WUѭӡQJ�SKә�WK{QJ�SK��KӧS�YӟL�ÿӏQK�KѭӟQJ�ÿәL�PӟL�
JLiR�GөF�SKә�WK{QJ�Yj�Fy�YDL�WUz�UҩW�TXDQ�WUӑQJ��&ө�WKӇ�Oj���
�����ĈҧP�EҧR�JLiR�GөF�WRjQ�GLӋQ��7ULӇQ�NKDL�JLiR�GөF�67(0�ӣ�QKj�WUѭӡQJ��ErQ�
FҥQK�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�ÿDQJ�ÿѭӧF�TXDQ� WkP�QKѭ��7RiQ��.KRD�KӑF� WKu�FiF� OƭQK�YӵF�
&{QJ�QJKӋ��.ƭ�WKXұW�FNJQJ�VӁ�ÿѭӧF�TXDQ�WkP��ÿҫX�Wѭ�WUrQ�WҩW�Fҧ�FiF�SKѭѫQJ�GLӋQ�
QKѭ�ÿӝL�QJNJ�JLiR�YLrQ��FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�JLҧQJ�Gҥ\��Fѫ�Vӣ�YұW�FKҩW«��
�����1kQJ�FDR�KӭQJ�WK~�KӑF�WұS�FKR�QJѭӡL�KӑF��1KӳQJ�Gӵ�iQ�KӑF�WұS�WURQJ�JLiR�
GөF�67(0�KѭӟQJ�WӟL�YLӋF�YұQ�GөQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�OLrQ�P{Q�ÿӇ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�
WKӵF�WLӉQ��KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ��WUҧL�QJKLӋP�Yj�WKҩ\�ÿѭӧF�ê�QJKƭD�FӫD�WUL�WKӭF�
YӟL�FXӝF�VӕQJ��QKӡ�ÿy�VӁ�QkQJ�FDR�KӭQJ�WK~�KӑF�WұS���
�����+uQK�WKjQK�Yj�SKiW�WULӇQ�QăQJ�OӵF��SKҭP�FKҩW�FKR�KӑF�VLQK��.KL�WULӇQ�NKDL�FiF�
Gӵ�iQ�KӑF�WұS�67(0��KӑF�VLQK�KӧS�WiF�YӟL�QKDX��FKӫ�ÿӝQJ�Yj�Wӵ� WKӵF�KLӋQ�FiF�
QKLӋP�Yө�KӑF��ÿѭӧF�OjP�TXHQ�YӟL�QKӳQJ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Fy�WtQK�FKҩW�WuP�KLӇX�NKRD�
KӑF�� &iF� KRҥW� ÿӝQJ� QrX� WUrQ� JyS� SKҫQ� WtFK� FӵF� YjR� KuQK� WKjQK� Yj� SKiW� WULӇQ�
SKҭP�FKҩW��QăQJ�OӵF�FKR�KӑF�VLQK��
�����.ӃW�QӕL�WUѭӡQJ�KӑF�YӟL�FӝQJ�ÿӗQJ��ĈӇ�ÿҧP�EҧR�WULӇQ�NKDL�KLӋX�TXҧ�JLiR�GөF�
67(0��Fѫ�Vӣ�JLiR�GөF�SKә� WK{QJ� WKѭӡQJ�NӃW�QӕL�YӟL� FiF�Fѫ�Vӣ�JLiR�GөF�QJKӅ�
QJKLӋS��ÿҥL�KӑF�WҥL�ÿӏD�SKѭѫQJ�QKҵP�NKDL� WKiF�QJXӗQ�OӵF�YӅ�FRQ�QJѭӡL��Fѫ�Vӣ�
YұW�FKҩW�ÿӇ�WULӇQ�NKDL�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�JLiR�GөF�67(0��%rQ�FҥQK�ÿy��JLiR�GөF�67(0�
WҥL�WUѭӡQJ�SKә�WK{QJ�FNJQJ�KѭӟQJ�WӟL�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�Fy�WtQK�ÿһF�WK��FӫD�
ÿӏD�SKѭѫQJ���



��



�����+ѭӟQJ�QJKLӋS��SKkQ�OXӗQJ��7ә�FKӭF�WӕW�JLiR�GөF�67(0�ӣ�WUѭӡQJ�SKә�WK{QJ��
KӑF�VLQK�VӁ�ÿѭӧF�WUҧL�QJKLӋP�WURQJ�FiF�OƭQK�YӵF�67(0��ÿiQK�JLi�ÿѭӧF�Vӵ�SK��
KӧS��QăQJ�NKLӃX��Vӣ� WKtFK�FӫD�EҧQ�WKkQ�YӟL�QJKӅ�QJKLӋS�WKXӝF�OƭQK�YӵF�67(0��
Ĉk\�FNJQJ�Oj�FiFK�WKӭF�WKX�K~W�KӑF�VLQK�WKHR�KӑF��OӵD�FKӑQ�FiF�QJjQK�QJKӅ�WKXӝF�
OƭQK�YӵF�67(0��FiF�QJjQK�QJKӅ�Fy�QKX�FҫX�FDR�YӅ�QJXӗQ�QKkQ�OӵF�WURQJ�FXӝF�
FiFK�PҥQJ�F{QJ�QJKLӋS�������
,������&iF�KuQK�WKͱF�WUL͋Q�NKDL�67(0�ͧ�WU˱ͥQJ�SK͝�WK{QJ��
±�'ҥ\�KӑF�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�WKXӝF�OƭQK�YӵF�67(0�
����Ĉk\� Oj� KuQK� WKӭF� Wә� FKӭF� JLiR� GөF� 67(0�FKӫ� \ӃX� WURQJ� QKj� WUѭӡQJ�� 7KHR�
FiFK�Qj\��FiF�EjL�KӑF��KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�JLiR�GөF�67(0�ÿѭӧF�WULӇQ�NKDL�Wә�FKӭF�QJD\�
WURQJ�TXi�WUuQK�Gҥ\�KӑF�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�67(0�WKHR�WLӃS�FұQ�WtFK�KӧS�OLrQ�P{Q��&iF�
FKӫ�ÿӅ��EjL�KӑF��KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�67(0�EiP�ViW�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�FӫD�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�WKjQK�
SKҫQ��+uQK�WKӭF�JLiR�GөF�67(0�Qj\�NK{QJ�OjP�SKiW�VLQK� WKrP� WKӡL�JLDQ�KӑF�
WұS��
±�+RҥW�ÿӝQJ�WUҧL�QJKLӋP�67(0�
����7URQJ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�WUҧL�QJKLӋP�67(0��KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�NKiP�SKi�FiF�WKt�QJKLӋP��
ӭQJ�GөQJ�NKRD�KӑF��Nӻ�WKXұW�WURQJ�WKӵF�WLӉQ�ÿӡL�VӕQJ��4XD�ÿy��QKұQ�ELӃW�ÿѭӧF�ê�
QJKƭD�FӫD�NKRD�KӑF��F{QJ�QJKӋ��Nӻ�WKXұW�Yj�WRiQ�KӑF�ÿӕL�YӟL�ÿӡL�VӕQJ�FRQ�QJѭӡL��
QkQJ�FDR�KӭQJ�WK~�KӑF�WұS�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�67(0��Ĉk\�FNJQJ�Oj�FiFK�WKӭF�ÿӇ� WKX�
K~W�Vӵ�TXDQ�WkP�FӫD�[m�KӝL�WӟL�JLiR�GөF�67(0��ĈӇ�Wә�FKӭF�WKjQK�F{QJ�FiF�KRҥW�
ÿӝQJ�WUҧL�QJKLӋP�67(0��FҫQ�Fy�Vӵ�WKDP�JLD��KӧS�WiF�FӫD�FiF�ErQ�OLrQ�TXDQ�QKѭ�
WUѭӡQJ� SKә� WK{QJ�� Fѫ� Vӣ� JLiR� GөF� QJKӅ� QJKLӋS�� FiF� WUѭӡQJ� ÿҥL� KӑF�� GRDQK�
QJKLӋS���
����7UҧL� QJKLӋP� 67(0� FzQ� Fy� WKӇ� ÿѭӧF� WKӵF� KLӋQ� WK{QJ� TXD� Vӵ� KӧS� WiF� JLӳD�
WUѭӡQJ�SKә� WK{QJ�YӟL�FiF�Fѫ�Vӣ�JLiR�GөF�ÿҥL�KӑF��JLiR�GөF�QJKӅ�QJKLӋS��7KHR�
FiFK�Qj\��VӁ�NӃW�KӧS�ÿѭӧF�WKӵF�WLӉQ�SKә�WK{QJ�YӟL�ѭX�WKӃ�YӅ�Fѫ�Vӣ�YұW�FKҩW�FӫD�
JLiR�GөF�ÿҥL�KӑF�Yj�JLiR�GөF�QJKӅ�QJKLӋS��
���&iF�WUѭӡQJ�SKә� WK{QJ�Fy� WKӇ� WULӇQ�NKDL�JLiR�GөF�67(0�WK{QJ�TXD�KuQK� WKӭF�
FkX�OҥF�Eӝ��7KDP�JLD�FkX�OҥF�Eӝ�67(0��KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�KӑF�WұS�QkQJ�FDR�WUuQK�ÿӝ��

WULӇQ�NKDL�FiF�Gӵ�iQ��WuP�KLӇX�FiF�QJjQK�QJKӅ�WKXӝF�OƭQK�YӵF�67(0��Ĉk\�Oj�KRҥW�
ÿӝQJ�WKHR�Vӣ�WKtFK��QăQJ�NKLӃX�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK��GLӉQ�UD�ÿӏQK�NǤ��WURQJ�Fҧ�QăP�KӑF��
����7ә�FKӭF�WӕW�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�FkX�OҥF�Eӝ�67(0�FNJQJ�Oj�WLӅQ�ÿӅ�WULӇQ�NKDL�FiF�Gӵ�iQ�
WuP�KLӇX�WURQJ�NKX{Q�NKә�FXӝF� WKL�NKRD�KӑF�Nӻ� WKXұW�GjQK�FKR�KӑF�VLQK�WUXQJ�
KӑF��%rQ�FҥQK�ÿy�� WKDP�JLD�FkX� OҥF� Eӝ�67(0�FzQ� Oj� Fѫ�KӝL�ÿӇ� KӑF� VLQK� WKҩ\�
ÿѭӧF� Vӵ� SK�� KӧS�YӅ�QăQJ� OӵF�� Vӣ� WKtFK�� JLi� WUӏ� FӫD� EҧQ� WKkQ�YӟL� QJKӅ� QJKLӋS�
WKXӝF�FiF�OƭQK�YӵF�67(0��
±�+RҥW�ÿӝQJ�WuP�KLӇX�NKRD�KӑF��



��


���*LiR�GөF�67(0�Fy�WKӇ�ÿѭӧF�WULӇQ�NKDL�WK{QJ�TXD�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�WuP�KLӇX�NKRD�KӑF�
Yj�Wә�FKӭF�FiF�FXӝF�WKL�ViQJ�WҥR�NKRD�KӑF�Nӻ�WKXұW�YӟL�QKLӅX�FKӫ�ÿӅ�NKiF�QKDX�
WKXӝF�FiF� OƭQK�YӵF�URERW� WK{QJ�PLQK��QăQJ�OѭӧQJ� WiL�WҥR��P{L� WUѭӡQJ��ELӃQ�ÿәL�
NKt�KұX��Q{QJ�QJKLӋS�F{QJ�QJKӋ�FDR«�
�����+RҥW�ÿӝQJ�Qj\�NK{QJ�PDQJ�WtQK�ÿҥL�WUj�Pj�GjQK�FKR�QKӳQJ�KӑF�VLQK�Fy�QăQJ�
OӵF��Vӣ�WtFK�Yj�KӭQJ�WK~�YӟL�FiF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�WuP�WzL��NKiP�SKi�NKRD�KӑF��Nӻ�WKXұW�
JLҧL�TX\ӃW�FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WKӵF�WLӉQ��
������7ә�FKӭF�WӕW�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�ViQJ�WҥR�NKRD�KӑF�Nӻ�WKXұW�Oj�WLӅQ�ÿӅ�WULӇQ�NKDL�FiF�Gӵ�
iQ�WuP�KLӇX�WURQJ�NKX{Q�NKә�FXӝF�WKL�NKRD�KӑF�Nӻ�WKXұW�GjQK�FKR�KӑF�VLQK�WUXQJ�
KӑF�ÿѭӧF�Wә�FKӭF�WKѭӡQJ�QLrQ��
±�'ҥ\�KӑF�Gӵ�iQ��
���'ҥ\�KӑF�GӵD�WUrQ�Gӵ�iQ�Fy�QKLӅX�OӧL�WKӃ�WURQJ�YLӋF�SKiW�WULӇQ�QăQJ�OӵF�WuP�KLӇX�
WKӃ�JLӟL�VӕQJ�QKѭ��
��3KkQ�WtFK�ÿѭӧF�FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WKӵF�WLӉQ�ÿӇ�ÿӅ�[XҩW�Gӵ�iQ��
��/ұS�ÿѭӧF�NӃ�KRҥFK�WULӇQ�NKDL�Gӵ�iQ��
��7KX�WKұS�Yj�SKkQ�WtFK��[ӱ�Oê�NӃW�TXҧ�Gӵ�iQ��

��9LӃW�Yj�WUuQK�Ej\�EiR�FiR�Gӵ�iQ��
��1ăQJ�OӵF�YұQ�GөQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF��Nӻ�QăQJ�ÿm�KӑF�QKѭ��*LҧL�WKtFK�ÿѭӧF�FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�
WKӵF�WLӉQ�OLrQ�TXD�ÿӃQ�OƭQK�YӵF�F{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW��Wӯ�ÿy�ÿӅ�[XҩW�ÿѭӧF�FiF�ELӋQ�
SKiS�FKăP�VyF�VӭF�NKӓH�FRQ�QJѭӡL��EҧR�YӋ�WKLrQ�QKLrQ��P{L�WUѭӡQJ��
,������4X\�WUuQK�[k\�G͹QJ�EjL�K͕F�67(0��
%ѭӟF����/ӵD�FKӑQ�FKӫ�ÿӅ�EjL�KӑF���
����&ăQ�Fӭ�YjR�QӝL�GXQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�WURQJ�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�P{Q�KӑF�Yj�FiF�KLӋQ�WѭӧQJ��
TXi�WUuQK�JҳQ�YӟL�FiF�NLӃQ�WKӭF�ÿy�WURQJ�Wӵ�QKLrQ��TX\�WUuQK�KRһF�WKLӃW�Eӏ�F{QJ�
QJKӋ�Fy�Vӱ�GөQJ�FӫD�NLӃQ�WKӭF�ÿy�WURQJ�WKӵF�WLӉQ����ÿӇ�OӵD�FKӑQ�FKӫ�ÿӅ�FӫD�EjL�
KӑF��
%ѭӟF����;iF�ÿӏQK�YҩQ�ÿӅ�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW���
����6DX�NKL�FKӑQ�FKӫ�ÿӅ�FӫD�EjL�KӑF��FҫQ�[iF�ÿӏQK�YҩQ�ÿӅ�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�ÿӇ�JLDR�
FKR�KӑF�VLQK�WKӵF�KLӋQ�VDR�FKR�NKL�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�ÿy��KӑF�VLQK�SKҧL�KӑF�ÿѭӧF�
QKӳQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF��Nƭ�QăQJ�FҫQ�Gҥ\�WURQJ�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�P{Q�KӑF�ÿm�ÿѭӧF�OӵD�FKӑQ�
�ÿӕL�YӟL�67(0�NLӃQ�WҥR��KRһF�YұQ�GөQJ�QKӳQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF��Nӻ�QăQJ�ÿm�ELӃW��ÿӕL�
YӟL�67(0�YұQ�GөQJ��ÿӇ�[k\�GӵQJ�EjL�KӑF���
%ѭӟF����;k\�GӵQJ�WLrX�FKt�FӫD�WKLӃW�Eӏ�JLҧL�SKiS�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ��6DX�NKL�ÿm�
[iF�ÿӏQK�YҩQ�ÿӅ�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�VҧQ�SKҭP�FҫQ�FKӃ� WҥR��FҫQ�[iF�ÿӏQK�U}� WLrX�FKt�
FӫD�JLҧL�SKiS�VҧQ�SKҭP��1KӳQJ�WLrX�FKt�Qj\�Oj�FăQ�Fӭ�TXDQ�WUӑQJ�ÿӇ�ÿӅ�[XҩW�JLҧ�
WKX\ӃW�NKRD�KӑF�JLҧL�SKiS�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WKLӃW�NӃ�PүX�VҧQ�SKҭP���



��


%ѭӟF����7KLӃW�NӃ�WLӃQ�WUuQK�Wә�FKӭF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF��
����7LӃQ�WUuQK�Wә�FKӭF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�ÿѭӧF�WKLӃW�NӃ�WKHR�FiF�SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�Yj�
Nƭ�WKXұW�Gҥ\�KӑF�WtFK�FӵF�YӟL���ORҥL�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�KӑF�ÿm�QrX�ӣ�WUrQ��0ӛL�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�
KӑF�ÿѭӧF�WKLӃW�NӃ� U}� UjQJ�YӅ�PөF�ÿtFK��QӝL�GXQJ�Yj�VҧQ�SKҭP�KӑF�WұS�Pj�KӑF�

VLQK�SKҧL�KRjQ�WKjQK��&iF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�KӑF�ÿy�Fy�WKӇ�ÿѭӧF�Wә�FKӭF�Fҧ�ӣ�WURQJ�Yj��
QJRjL�OӟS�KӑF��
,������ 7L͇Q� WUuQK� W͝� FKͱF� KR̩W� ÿ͡QJ� G̩\� K͕F� 67(0� WXkQ� WKHR� TX\� WUuQK� NͿ�
WKX̵W�WKL͇W�N͇��











+RҥW�ÿӝQJ����;iF�ÿӏQK�YҩQ�ÿӅ��
����*LiR�YLrQ�P{� Wҧ�PӝW� WuQK�KXӕQJ� �EӕL� FҧQK�� Fy� WURQJ� WKӵF� WLӉQ�� WURQJ�ÿy�Fy�
WLӅP�ҭQ�PӝW�QKX�FҫX��YҩQ�ÿӅ�Pj�KӑF�VLQK�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW��6DX�ÿy�JLiR�YLrQ�JLDR�
FKR�KӑF� VLQK�PӝW� QKLӋP�Yө�KӑF� WұS��ĈӇ� KRjQ� WKjQK� QKLӋP�Yө�ÿѭӧF� JLDR��KӑF�
VLQK�SKҧL�YұQ�GөQJ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�FӫD�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�67(0��ÿӅ�[XҩW�JLҧL�SKiS�ÿӇ�OjP�
UD�PӝW�VҧQ�SKҭP�Fө� WKӇ�WKHR�FiF�WLrX�FKt� WLrX�FKt�Fө�WKӇ��7URQJ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Qj\��
KӑF�VLQK�WUҧ�OӡL�ÿѭӧF�FiF�FkX�KӓL��9ҩQ�ÿӅ�KD\�QKX�FҫX�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�Oj�Ju"�7ҥL�
VDR�YҩQ�ÿӅ�KD\�QKX�FҫX�ÿy�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW"�
��0өF�WLrX��+ӑF�VLQK�SKiW�KLӋQ�ÿѭӧF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�QKX�FҫX��QKLӋP�Yө�FҫQ�WKӵF�KLӋQ��
[iF�ÿӏQK�WLrX�FKt�FӫD�JLҧL�SKiS��VҧQ�SKҭP��
��7ә�FKӭF�WKӵF�KLӋQ��*LiR�YLrQ�FKX\ӇQ�JLDR�QKLӋP�Yө�Fy�WURQJ�WKӵF�WLӉQ��WURQJ�
ÿy�Fy� WLӅP�ҭQ�PӝW�QKX�FҫX��YҩQ�ÿӅ�Pj�KӑF�VLQK�FҫQ�JLҧL� TX\ӃW��KӑF�VLQK� WKӵF�
KLӋQ�QKLӋP�Yө�WUҧ�OӡL�ÿѭӧF�FiF�FkX�KӓL��9ҩQ�ÿӅ�KD\�QKX�FҫX�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�Oj�Ju"�
7ҥL�VDR�YҩQ�ÿӅ�KD\�QKX�FҫX�ÿy�FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW"�
+RҥW�ÿӝQJ����1JKLrQ�FӭX�NLӃQ�WKӭF�QӅQ��




��


���+RҥW�ÿӝQJ�Qj\�Fy�WKӇ�ÿѭӧF�YұQ�GөQJ�NKiF�QKDX�W�\�WKXӝF�EjL�KӑF�67(0�WKXӝF�
FKӫ�ÿӅ�67(0�NLӃQ�WҥR�KD\�67(0�YұQ�GөQJ��ĈӕL�YӟL�EjL�KӑF�67(0�YұQ�GөQJ��
KӑF�VLQK�YұQ�GөQJ�FiF�NLӃQ�WKӭF�ÿm�KӑF�ÿӇ�ÿӅ� UD�JLҧL�SKiS��67(0�YұQ�GөQJ���
ÿӗQJ�WKӡL�QKұQ�ELӃW�ÿѭӧF�YDL�WUz�Yj�ӭQJ�GөQJ�FӫD�NLӃQ�WKӭF�WURQJ�WKӵF�WLӉQ��ĈӕL�
YӟL�EjL�KӑF�67(0�NLӃQ�WҥR��JLiR�YLrQ�VӁ�NK{QJ�WUX\ӅQ�WKө�NLӃQ�WKӭF�PӟL�FKR�KӑF�
VLQK�WKHR�FiFK�WUX\ӅQ�WKӕQJ��7KD\�YjR�ÿy��KӑF�VLQK�WKӵF�KLӋQ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�KӑF�WtFK�
FӵF�� Wӵ� OӵF�GѭӟL� Vӵ�KѭӟQJ�GүQ�FӫD�JLiR�YLrQ�ÿӇ� FKLӃP� OƭQK�NLӃQ�WKӭF�PӟL�� Vӱ�
GөQJ�YjR�YLӋF�ÿӅ�[XҩW��WKLӃW�NӃ�VҧQ�SKҭP�FҫQ�KRjQ�WKjQK��&ăQ�Fӭ�YjR�PөF�ÿtFK�
FӫD�EjL�KӑF�67(0��67(0�YұQ�GөQJ�KD\�67(0�NLӃQ�WҥR���JLiR�YLrQ� OӵD�FKӑQ�
SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�KѭӟQJ�GүQ�KӑF�VLQK�FKR�SK��KӧS��7URQJ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Qj\��KӑF�VLQK�
QrX�UD�ÿѭӧF�FKӭF�QăQJ�FӫD�FiF�Eӝ�SKұQ��P{�Wҧ�ÿѭӧF�QJX\ӋQ�Ot�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�EҵQJ�YӁ�
KuQK��
��0өF�WLrX��+uQK�WKjQK�NLӃQ�WKӭF�PӟL�KRһF�[iF�ÿӏQK� OҥL�NLӃQ�WKӭF�ÿm�KӑF��FҫQ�
YұQ�GөQJ�ÿӇ�ÿӅ�UD�JLҧL�SKiS��ÿӗQJ�WKӡL�QKұQ�ELӃW�ÿѭӧF�YDL�WUz�Yj�ӯQJ�GөQJ�FӫD�
NLӃQ�WKӭF�YjR�WKӵF�WLӉQ��
��7ә�FKӭF�WKӵF�KLӋQ��*LiR�YLrQ�JLDR�QKLӋP�Yө�Fө� WKӇ��U}�UjQJ��KӑF�VLQK�QJKLrQ�
FӭX�ViFK�JLiR�NKRD��WjL�OLӋX�����EiR�FiR�WKҧR�OXұQ��JLiR�YLrQ�FKӕW�NLӃQ�WKӭF�PӟL�
Yj�Kӛ�WUӧ�KӑF�VLQK�ÿӅ�[XҩW�JLҧL�SKiS��WKLӃW�NӃ�PүX�WKӱ�QJKLӋP��
+RҥW�ÿӝQJ����/ӵD�FKӑQ�EҧQ�WKLӃW�NӃ��
���+ӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�Wә�FKӭF�ÿӇ�WUuQK�Ej\��JLҧL�WKtFK�Yj�EҧR�YӋ�EҧQ�WKLӃW�NӃ�NqP�WKHR�
WKX\ӃW�PLQK��ÿy�Oj�Vӵ� WKӇ�KLӋQ�Fө� WKӇ�FӫD�JLҧL�SKiS�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ��7ӯ�KRҥW�
ÿӝQJ����FiF�QKyP�KӑF�VLQK�YӁ�EҧQ�WKLӃW�NӃ��VDX�ÿy�WUuQK�Ej\��JLҧL�WKtFK�WKLӃW�NӃ�
FӫD�QKyP�WUѭӟF�OӟS��*LiR�YLrQ�ÿiQK�JLi�WKLӃW�NӃ�FӫD�FiF�QKyP��WKӕQJ�QKҩW�Yj�OӵD�
FKӑQ�PӝW�WKLӃW�NӃ�NKҧ�WKL�QKҩW�ÿӇ�FKӃ�WҥR�Yj�WKӱ�QJKLӋP��

��0өF�WLrX��/ӵD�FKӑQ�Yj�KRjQ�WKLӋQ�JLҧL�SKiS�SKѭѫQJ�iQ�WKLӃW�NӃ��
��7ә� FKӭF� WKӵF�KLӋQ��*LiR�YLrQ�JLDR�QKLӋP�Yө� �QrX� U}�\rX�FҫX�KӑF� VLQK� WUuQK�
Ej\��EiR�FiR��JLҧL�WKtFK��EҧR�YӋ�JLҧL�SKiS�WKLӃW�NӃ���KӑF�VLQK�EiR�FiR��WKҧR�OXұQ��
JLiR� YLrQ� ÿLӅX� KjQK�� QKұQ� [pW�� ÿiQK� JLi� Yj� Kӛ� WUӧ� KӑF� VLQK� OӵD� FKӑQ� JLҧL�
SKiS�WKLӃW�NӃ�PүX�WKӱ�QJKLӋP��*LiR�YLrQ�FҫQ�QrX�FiF�FkX�KӓL�Gӵ�NLӃQ��WұS�WUXQJ�
YjR�OjP�U}�NLӃQ�WKӭF�ÿѭӧF�KX\�ÿӝQJ�ÿӇ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WURQJ�VҧQ�SKҭP�YӅ�WtQK�
NKҧ�WKL�FӫD�SKѭѫQJ�iQ�ÿӅ�[XҩW��
+RҥW�ÿӝQJ����&KӃ�WҥR�Yj�WKӱ�QJKLӋP�VҧQ�SKҭP���
����+ӑF�VLQK�WLӃQ�KjQK�FKӃ� WҥR�PүX�WKHR�EҧQ�WKLӃW�NӃ�ÿm�KRjQ�WKLӋQ�VDX�EѭӟF����
WURQJ�TXi�WUuQK�FKӃ�WҥR�ÿӗQJ�WKӡL�SKҧL�WLӃQ�KjQK�WKӱ�QJKLӋP�Yj�ÿiQK�JLi��7URQJ�
TXi�WUuQK�Qj\��KӑF�VLQK�Fy�WKӇ�SKҧL�ÿLӅX�FKӍQK�WKLӃW�NӃ�EDQ�ÿҫX�ÿӇ�EҧR�ÿҧP�PүX�
FKӃ�WҥR�Oj�NKҧ�WKL��&iF�QKyP�KӑF�VLQK�WLӃQ�KjQK�FKӃ�WҥR�WKLӃW�Eӏ�WKHR�SKѭѫQJ�iQ�
ÿm�OӵD�FKӑQ�WURQJ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ����YұQ�KjQK�WKӱ�Yj�Wӵ�ÿiQK�JLi��QrX�UD�ÿѭӧF�QKӳQJ�
ѭX�ÿLӇP��KҥQ�FKӃ�FӫD�VҧQ�SKҭP��Gӵ�NLӃQ�ÿLӅX�FKӍQK�WKLӃW�NӃ��QӃX�Fy����



��


��0өF�WLrX��&KӃ�WҥR�Yj�WKӱ�QJKLӋP�PүX�WKLӃW�NӃ��
��7ә�FKӭF�WKӵF�KLӋQ��*LiR�YLrQ�JLDR�QKLӋP�Yө�Fө�WKӇ��KӑF�VLQK�WKӵF�KjQK�FKӃ�WҥR�
OҳS�UiS�Yj�WKӱ�QJKLӋP��*LiR�YLrQ�Kӛ�WUӧ�KӑF�VLQK�WURQJ�TXi�WUuQK�WKӵF�KLӋQ��
+RҥW�ÿӝQJ����7UuQK�Ej\�VҧQ�SKҭP�Yj�ÿiQK�JLi���
�����&iF�QKyP�KӑF�VLQK�FKӍQK�VӱD�WKLӃW�Eӏ��QӃX�Fy���EiR�FiR�NӃW�TXҧ��YұQ�KjQK�VҧQ�
SKҭP�ÿm�FKӍQK�VӱD�� WUDR�ÿәL� WKҧR� OXұQ��FiF�QKyP�QKұQ�[pW��ÿiQK�JLi�VҧQ�SKҭP�
FӫD�Fҧ�OӟS��WLӃS�WөF�KRjQ�WKLӋQ�VҧQ�SKҭP��QӃX�Fy���+ӑF�VLQK�EiR�FiR�VҧQ�SKҭP��
Fy�WKӇ�Oj�SRVWHU��iS�SKtFK���TX\�WUuQK�KRһF�GөQJ�Fө�WKLӃW�Eӏ�P{�KuQK�ÿӗ�YұW�ÿm�FKӃ�
WҥR�WKHR�FiF�KuQK�WKӭF�SK��KӧS��
��0өF�WLrX��7UuQK�Ej\��FKLD�Vҿ��ÿiQK�JLi�YӅ�VҧQ�SKҭP�QJKLrQ�FӭX��

��7ә�FKӭF�WKӵF�KLӋQ��
��*LiR�YLrQ�JLDR�QKLӋP�Yө�
��+ӑF�VLQK�EiR�FiR�VҧQ�SKҭP��Fy�WKӇ�Oj�SRVWHU��iS�SKtFK���TX\�WUuQK�KRһF�GөQJ�
Fө�WKLӃW�Eӏ�P{�KuQK�ÿӗ�YұW�ÿm�FKӃ�WҥR�WKHR�FiF�KuQK�WKӭF�SK��KӧS��
��*LiR�YLrQ�ÿiQK�JLi��ÿӏQK�KѭӟQJ�ÿӇ�KӑF�VLQK�WLӃS�WөF�KRjQ�WKLӋQ��WәQJ�NӃW��
,������7LrX�FKt�[k\�G͹QJ�EjL�K͕F�67(0��
;k\�GӵQJ�PӝW�EjL�KӑF�67(0�QrQ�GӵD�YjR�FiF�WLrX�FKt�Fѫ�EҧQ�VDX��
��7LrX�FKt����&Kͯ�ÿ͉�EjL�K͕F�67(0�W̵S�WUXQJ�YjR�FiF�Y̭Q�ÿ͉�WK͹F�WL͍Q��
����7URQJ�EjL�KӑF�67(0��FKӫ�ÿӅ�EjL�KӑF�ÿһW�KӑF�VLQK�YjR�FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ�WKӵF�WLӉQ�[m�
KӝL��NLQK�WӃ��P{L�WUѭӡQJ�Yj�\rX�FҫX�WuP�JLҧL�SKiS��
��7LrX�FKt����&̭X�WU~F�EjL�K͕F�67(0�WKHR�TX\�WUuQK�WKL͇W�N͇�NͿ�WKX̵W��
���%jL�KӑF�67(0�ÿѭӧF�WKLӃW�NӃ� WKHR�TX\�WUuQK�Nӻ� WKXұW�FXQJ�FҩS�PӝW� WLӃQ�WUuQK�
OLQK�KRҥW�ÿѭD�KӑF�VLQK�Wӯ�YLӋF�[iF�ÿӏQK�PӝW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�KRһF�PӝW�\rX�FҫX�WKLӃW�NӃ�
ÿӃQ�ViQJ�WҥR�Yj�SKiW�WULӇQ�JLҧL�SKiS��7URQJ�TX\�WUuQK�WKLӃW�NӃ�Nӻ�WKXұW��FiF�QKyP�
KӑF�VLQK�WKӱ�QJKLӋP�FiF�ê�WѭӣQJ�GӵD�WUrQ�WuP�KLӇX�FӫD�PuQK��Vӱ�GөQJ�QKLӅX�FiFK�
WLӃS�FұQ�NKiF�QKDX�PҳF�VDL�OҫP��FKҩS�QKұQ�Yj�KӑF�Wӯ�VDL�OҫP��Yj�WKӱ�OҥL��6ӵ�WұS�
WUXQJ�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK�Oj�SKiW�WULӇQ�FiF�JLҧL�SKiS�
��7LrX�FKt����3K˱˯QJ�SKiS�G̩\�K͕F�EjL�K͕F�67(0�ÿ˱D�K͕F�VLQK�YjR�KR̩W�ÿ͡QJ�
WuP�WzL�Yj�NKiP�SKi��ÿ͓QK�K˱ͣQJ�KjQK�ÿ͡QJ��WU̫L�QJKL͏P�Yj�V̫Q�SḴP��
�����7URQJ�EjL�KӑF�67(0��KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�WKӵF�KLӋQ�WKHR�KѭӟQJ�Pӣ�
Fy�³NKX{Q�NKә´�YӅ�FiF�ÿLӅX�NLӋQ�Pj�KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�Vӱ�GөQJ��FKҷQJ�KҥQ�FiF�YұW�
OLӋX�NKҧ�GөQJ���+RҥW�ÿӝQJ�KӑF�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK�Oj�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�ÿѭӧF�FKX\ӇQ�JLDR�Yj�
KӧS� WiF��FiF�TX\ӃW�ÿӏQK�YӅ� JLҧL� SKiS�JLҧL� TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ� Oj� FӫD�FKtQK� KӑF�VLQK��
+ӑF�VLQK� WKӵF�KLӋQ�FiF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ� WUDR�ÿәL� WK{QJ� WLQ�ÿӇ�FKLD� Vҿ�ê�WѭӣQJ�Yj� WiL�
WKLӃW�NӃ�QJX\rQ�PүX�FӫD�PuQK�QӃX�FҫQ��+ӑF�VLQK�Wӵ�ÿLӅX�FKӍQK�FiF�ê�WѭӣQJ�FӫD�
PuQK�Yj�WKLӃW�NӃ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�NKiP�SKi�FӫD�EҧQ�WKkQ��



���



��7LrX�FKt����+uQK�WKͱF�W͝�FKͱF�EjL�K͕F�67(0�O{L�FX͙Q�K͕F�VLQK�YjR�KR̩W�ÿ͡QJ�
QKyP�NL͇Q�W̩R��
���*L~S�KӑF�VLQK�OjP�YLӋF�F�QJ�QKDX�QKѭ�PӝW�QKyP�NLӃQ�WҥR�NK{QJ�EDR�JLӡ� Oj�
PӝW�YLӋF�GӉ�GjQJ��7X\�QKLrQ��YLӋF�Qj\�VӁ� WUӣ�QrQ�GӉ�GjQJ�KѫQ�QӃX�WҩW� Fҧ�JLiR�
YLrQ�Gҥ\�67(0�ӣ�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�OX{Q�OX{Q�KѭӟQJ�KӑF�VLQK�OjP�YLӋF�F�QJ�QKDX��Vӱ�
GөQJ�F�QJ�PӝW�QJ{Q�QJӳ�FkX�OӋQK�ÿӏQK�KѭӟQJ��PӝW�WLӃQ�WUuQK�Gҥ\�KӑF�FKR�KӑF�
VLQK�ÿӇ�KӑF�VLQK�TXHQ�OjP�YLӋF�WKHR�QKyP��/jP�YLӋF�QKyP�WURQJ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�FiF�
KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�FӫD�EjL�KӑF�67(0�Oj�Fѫ�Vӣ�SKiW�WULӇQ�QăQJ�OӵF�JLDR�WLӃS�Yj�KӧS�WiF��
��7LrX�FKt����1͡L�GXQJ�EjL�K͕F�67(0�iS�GͭQJ�FKͯ�\͇X�Wͳ�Q͡L�GXQJ�NKRD�K͕F�Yj�
WRiQ�K͕F�Pj�K͕F�VLQK�ÿm�Yj�ÿDQJ�K͕F��
����7URQJ�FiF�EjL�KӑF�67(0��JLiR�YLrQ�FҫQ�NӃW�QӕL�Yj�WtFK�KӧS�PӝW�FiFK�Fy�PөF�
ÿtFK�QӝL�GXQJ�Wӯ�FiF�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�NKRD�KӑF��F{QJ�QJKӋ�Yj�WRiQ��/ұS�NӃ�KRҥFK�ÿӇ�
KӧS�WiF�YӟL�FiF�JLiR�YLrQ�WRiQ��F{QJ�QJKӋ�Yj�NKRD�KӑF�NKiF�ÿӇ�KLӇX�U}�QӝL�KjP�
FӫD�YLӋF�OjP�WKӃ�QjR�ÿӇ�FiF�PөF�WLrX�NKRD�KӑF�Fy�WKӇ�WtFK�KӧS�WURQJ�PӝW�EjL�KӑF�
ÿm�FKR��7ӯ�ÿy��KӑF�VLQK�GҫQ�WKҩ\�UҵQJ�NKRD�KӑF��F{QJ�QJKӋ�Yj�WRiQ�NK{QJ�SKҧL�
Oj�FiF�P{Q�KӑF�ÿӝF�OұS��Pj�FK~QJ� OLrQ�NӃW�YӟL�QKDX�ÿӇ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW� FiF�YҩQ�ÿӅ��
ÿLӅX�ÿy�Fy�OLrQ�TXDQ�ÿӃQ�YLӋF�KӑF�7RiQ��&{QJ�QJKӋ�Yj�.KRD�KӑF�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK��
��7LrX�FKt����7L͇Q�WUuQK�EjL�K͕F�67(0�WtQK�ÿ͇Q�Fy�QKL͉X�ÿiS�iQ�ÿ~QJ�Yj�FRL�V͹�
WK̭W�E̩L�QK˱�Oj�P͡W�SK̯Q�F̯Q�WKL͇W�WURQJ�K͕F�W̵S��
����0ӝW�FkX�KӓL�ÿѭӧF�ÿһW�UD�Fy�WKӇ�ÿӅ�[XҩW�QKLӅX�JLҧ�WKX\ӃW�NKRD�KӑF��PӝW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�
FҫQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW� Fy� WKӇ�ÿӅ�[XҩW�QKLӅX�SKѭѫQJ�iQ�Yj�OӵD�FKӑQ�SKѭѫQJ�iQ�WӕL�ѭX��
7URQJ� FiF� JLҧ� WKX\ӃW� NKRD� KӑF� FKӍ� Fy� PӝW� JLҧ� WKX\ӃW� ÿ~QJ�� 1JѭӧF� OҥL�� FiF�
SKѭѫQJ�iQ�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ�ÿӅX�NKҧ�WKL�FKӍ�NKiF�QKDX�ӣ�PӭF�ÿӝ�WӕL�ѭX�NKL�JLҧL�
TX\ӃW�YҩQ�ÿӅ��7LrX�FKt�Qj\�FKR�WKҩ\�YDL�WUz�TXDQ�WUӑQJ�FӫD�QăQJ�OӵF�JLҧL�TX\ӃW�
YҩQ�ÿӅ�Yj�ViQJ�WҥR�WURQJ�EjL�KӑF�67(0��
,����&ѫ�Vӣ�WKӵF�WLӉQ���
,������7KӵF�WUҥQJ�FӫD�YLӋF�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�ӣ�P{Q�&{QJ�
QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW�FӫD�PӝW�Vӕ�WUѭӡQJ�7+37�WUrQ�ÿӏD�EjQ�KX\ӋQ��

������ĈӇ�Fy�Fѫ�Vӣ�WKӵF�WLӉQ�FӫD�ÿӅ�WjL��FK~QJ�W{L�ÿm�WLӃQ�KjQK�NKҧR�ViW�PӝW�Vӕ��WKӵF�
WUҥQJ�FӫD�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�WURQJ�WUѭӡQJ�Yj�PӝW�Vӕ�ÿѫQ�Yӏ�WUѭӡQJ�EҥQ�WURQJ�QKӳQJ�
QăP�KӑF�TXD�Yj�ÿһF�ELӋW�ÿҫX�QăP�KӑF�Qj\��NKL�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�*'37������ÿѭӧF�
WKӵF�KLӋQ�ӣ�NKӕL����WURQJ�Fҧ�QѭӟF��YӅ�YLӋF�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�Gҥ\�KӑF�FӫD�JLiR�
YLrQ�Yj�Vӵ�KӭQJ�WK~�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK�WURQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�EҵQJ�WUDR�ÿәL�WUӵF�WLӃS�Yj�
Vӱ�GөQJ�SKLӃX�WKăP�Gz�ê�NLӃQ�ÿӕL�YӟL�KӑF�VLQK�Yj�JLiR�YLrQ�PӝW�Vӕ�WUѭӡQJ�7+37�
WUrQ�ÿӏD�EjQ�KX\ӋQ�WK{QJ�TXD�JRRJOH�IRUP��7UѭӡQJ�7+37�$��7UѭӡQJ�7+37�%��
7UѭӡQJ�7+37�&��
�.ӃW�TXҧ�ÿLӅX�WUD�YLӋF�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�FӫD�JLiR�YLrQ�ÿӕL�
YӟL�P{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӑW��



���


,��������ĈӕL�YӟL�KӑF�VLQK��
���4XD�WKӵF�WLӉQ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�FiF�QăP�KӑF�WUѭӟF��ÿһF�ELӋW�Oj�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�
Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�ӣ���Vӕ�FKӫ�ÿӅ�P{Q�&{QJ�QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW�WKHR�FKѭѫQJ�WUuQK�������
NӃW�KӧS�YӟL�WKDP�YҩQ�WUӵF�WLӃS�Wӯ�KӑF�VLQK��FK~QJ�W{L�QKұQ�WKҩ\�PӝW�Vӕ�NKy�NKăQ�
QKҩW�ÿӏQK�Wӯ�KӑF�VLQK�QKѭ��
��9LӋF�KӑF�VLQK�WLӃS�FұQ�SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�FNJQJ�ÿzL�KӓL�QKҩW�ÿӏQK�YӅ�
PһW�QăQJ�OӵF�NKRD�KӑF�Wӵ�QKLrQ�FiF�HP�SKҧL�ÿDP�Pr�Yj�FKӏX�NKy��
��+ӑF�VLQK�OӟS����KLӋQ�WҥL�\ӃX�Wӕ�ÿDP�Pr�WuP�KLӇX�FKѭD�QKLӅX�Yu�FiF�HP�QJҥL�OjP�
YLӋF�GR�OӕL�JLiR�GөF�FKӍ�WLӃS�FұQ�NLӃQ�WKӭF�ÿm�TXHQ�WKXӝF�QrQ�FiF�HP�WѭѫQJ�ÿӕL�
Eӏ�ÿӝQJ�WURQJ�F{QJ�YLӋF��
��+ӑF�VLQK�PҩW�QKLӅX�WKӡL�JLDQ�ÿӇ�WuP�QJX\rQ�YұW�OLӋX�QrQ�QJӕQ�VDQJ�WKӡL�JLDQ�
FKR�FiF�YLӋF�NKiF�QrQ�FiF�HP�FNJQJ�NK{QJ�FK~�ê�WKӵF�KӋQ��
��9LӋF�WKӵF�KLӋQ�QJRjL�NK{QJ�JLDQ�WUѭӡQJ�KӑF�FNJQJ�JһS�PӝW�Vӕ�NKy�NKăQ��Yu�FiF�
HP�ӣ�WURQJ�PӝW�ÿӝL�QKyP�ӣ�QKLӅX�ÿӏD�EjQ�NKiF�QKDX��

��0ӝW�Vӕ�Eӝ�P{Q��PӝW�Vӕ�JLiR�YLrQ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�YӟL�WҫQ�VXҩW�KѫL�QKLӅX��FiF�P{Q�ÿӅX�
WKӵF�KLӋQ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�QrQ�GүQ�ÿӃQ�TXi�WҧL�FKR�F{QJ�YLӋF�FKXҭQ�Eӏ�FӫD�KӑF�
VLQK��WҥR�QrQ�iS�OӵF�WURQJ�KӑF�WұS��ҧQK�KѭӣQJ�ÿӃQ�WkP�Ot�FӫD�FiF�HP��
,,��1ӝL�GXQJ��
,,����0ӝW� Vӕ� ELӋQ�SKiS�QKҵP�NKҳF� SKөF� NKy� NKăQ�Yj�QkQJ� FDR� KLӋX�TXҧ�
WKLӃW� NӃ� Yj� Vӱ� GөQJ� SKѭѫQJ� SKiS� Gҥ\� KӑF� 67(0� WURQJ�P{Q� &{QJ� QJKӋ�
WUӗQJ�WUӑW�����
����ĈӇ�NKҳF�SKөF�FiF�NKy�NKăQ�QKѭ�ÿm�QrX�ӣ�WUrQ�Yj�QKҵP�QkQJ�FDR�KLӋX�TXҧ�KѫQ�
QӳD�WURQJ�WKLӃW�NӃ�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0��FK~QJ�W{L�PҥQK�GҥQ�QrX�
UD�FiF�ELӋQ�SKiS�Pj�FK~QJ�W{L�ÿm�WKӵF�KLӋQ�Fө�WKӇ�QKѭ�VDX��
,,������ĈӕL�YӟL�JLiR�YLrQ��
��&ăQ�Fӭ� WKHR�NӃ�KRҥFK�FӫD�QKj�WUѭӡQJ�ÿҫX�QăP�KӑF�ÿѭD�UD�NӃ�KRҥFK�Gҥ\�KӑF�
67(0�Fө�WKӇ�FKR�WӯQJ�Eӝ�P{Q�WKӵF�KLӋQ�Oj���WLӃW�QăP�KӑF��FiF�WKjQK�YLrQ�WURQJ�
Wә�FKX\rQ�P{Q�Wә�FKӭF�WKҧR�OXұQ��OӵD�FKӑQ�ÿѭD�UD��NӃ�KRҥFK��SKkQ�F{QJ�Fө�WKӇ�
JLiR� YLrQ� Gҥ\� ÿӇ� FiF� WKjQK� YLrQ� NKiF� KӑF� WұS�� U~W� NLQK� QJKLӋP� Yj� Fy� NLQK�
QJKLӋP�FKR�EҧQ�WKkQ���
��1KyP�FKX\rQ�P{Q�Wә�FKӭF�WKҧR�OXұQ��ÿӅ�UD�Vӕ�OѭӧQJ�EjL�Gҥ\�67(0�FKR�PӛL�
JLiR�YLrQ��Gӵ�NLӃQ�WKӡL�JLDQ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�ÿӇ�FiF�JLiR�YLrQ�WKӵF�KLӋQ��FiF�JLiR�YLrQ�
NKiF�WURQJ�QKyP�Gӵ�JLӡ�KӑF�WұS�Yj�F�QJ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�FKӫ�ÿӇ�67(0�ÿy�WҥL�OӟS�PuQK�
Gҥ\���
��&�QJ�SKӕL�KӧS�YӟL�FiF�QKyP�FKX\rQ�P{Q�NKiF�ÿӇ�Eӕ� WUt� WKӡL�JLDQ�WKӵF�KLӋQ��
WUiQK�WUѭӡQJ�KӧS�WURQJ�F�QJ���WKӡL�JLDQ�QKLӅX�QKyP�FKX\rQ�P{Q�F�QJ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�



���


Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�WҥR�iS�OӵF�WURQJ�TXi�WUuQK�FKXҭQ�Eӏ�YұW�OLӋX�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK�GүQ�ÿӃQ�
NӃW�TXҧ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�NK{QJ�FDR��

�� &iF� VҧQ� SKҭP�Gҥ\� KӑF� 67(0� FӫD� EjL� Gҥ\�ÿm� WKӵF� KLӋQ� VӁ�ÿѭӧF� FiF� QKyP�
FKX\rQ�P{Q�WURQJ�Wә�JLӳ�OҥL�Yj�WUѭQJ�Ej\�WURQJ�QJj\�KӝL�67(0�GR�Wә�.KRD�KӑF�
Wӵ�QKLrQ�Wә�FKӭF��
��&i�QKkQ�PӛL�JLiR�YLrQ�VDX�NKL�ÿѭӧF�SKkQ�F{QJ�VӁ� Wӵ�JLiF��WtFK�FӵF�FKӫ�ÿӝQJ�
WKLӃW�NӃ�FKӫ�ÿӅ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�Yj�Wә�FKӭF�WKӵF�KLӋQ���
��.KL�JLDR�FiF�QKLӋP�Yө�KӑF�WұS�YӅ�QKj�FKR�KӑF�VLQK�WKu�FiF�QKLӋP�Yө�SKҧL�ÿѭӧF�
JKL�U}�UjQJ��FjQJ�FKL�WLӃW�U}�UjQJ�FjQJ�WӕW�ÿӇ�WUiQK�KӑF�VLQK�NK{QJ�KLӇX��SKҧL�KӓL�
QKLӅX��.Ӄ�KRҥFK�WKӵF�KLӋQ�F{QJ�YLӋF�SKҧL�ÿѭD�UD�VӟP�ÿӇ�FiF�HP�FKӫ�ÿӝQJ�OұS�NӃ�
KRҥFK� WURQJ�F{QJ�YLӋF��&ҫQ�Fy� WLrX�FKt�ÿiQK�JLi�FiF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�ӣ�QKj� FӫD�KӑF�
VLQK�Yj�WK{QJ�EiR�FiF�WLrX�FKt�ÿy�FKR�FiF�HP�ELӃW�ÿӇ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�WӕW�KѫQ��
��1KӳQJ�YLӋF�WKӵF�KLӋQ�QJRjL�NK{QJ�JLDQ�WUѭӡQJ�KӑF�QrQ�FKLD�WKHR�QKyP�FiF�HP�
ӣ�F�QJ�[yP��F�QJ�[m�KRһF�QKӳQJ�[yP�[m�JҫQ�QKDX�ÿӇ� WKXұQ�WLӋQ� WUDR�ÿәL�OLrQ�
OҥF��
��&iF�YұW�OLӋX�G�QJ�ÿӇ�FKӃ�WҥR�FiF�VҧQ�SKҭP��QӃX�Fy��QrQ�ÿӏQK�KѭӟQJ�WUѭӟF�ÿӇ�
KӑF�VLQK�GӉ�WuP��GӉ�OjP��Fy�WKӇ�WұQ�GөQJ�PӝW�Vӕ�YұW�OLӋX�SKӃ�WKҧL�Yj�Fy�WtQK�WKҭP�
Pӻ��&iF�YұW�OLӋX�KӑF�VLQK�PDQJ�ÿӃQ�OӟS�FҫQ�KѭӟQJ�GүQ�FKӃ�ELӃQ�SKҫQ�WK{�WUѭӟF�
ÿӇ� WUiQK� SKҧL� PҩW� WKӡL� JLDQ� QKLӅX� FKR� NKkX� OjP� YӋ� VLQK�� 1rQ� KҥQ� FKӃ� PXD�
QJX\rQ�YұW�OLӋX�Yu�UҩW�WӕQ�NLQK�SKt�WURQJ�NKL�KӑF�VLQK�SKҧL�WKӵF�KLӋQ�ӣ�QKLӅX�Eӝ�
P{Q�NKiF�QKDX���
���ĈӇ�WUiQK�SKiW�VLQK�WKrP�WKӡL�JLDQ�KӑF�WұS��JLiR�YLrQ�Fy�WKӇ�FKR�KӑF�VLQK�FKӫ�
ÿӝQJ�OjP��TXD\�SKLP�Yj�FKөS�KuQK�PӝW�Vӕ�QӝL�GXQJ�QKѭ�TX\�WUuQK�OjP��EiR�FiR�
NӃW�TXҧ��WUѭQJ�Ej\�VҧQ�SKҭP��WKӱ�QJKLӋP�VҧQ�SKҭP��WUӗQJ�Fk\��Yj�QҥS�EiR�FiR�
OҥL�TXD�=DOR�FӫD�QKyP�OӟS��
����7URQJ�TXi�WUuQK�Wә�FKӭF�FiF�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�QrQ�FKLD�Vӕ�OѭӧQJ�QKyP�SK��KӧS��VҳS�
[ӃS�FKӛ�QJӗL�KӧS�Oê�ÿӇ�KӑF�VLQK�GӉ�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�Yj�JLiR�YLrQ�GӉ�TXҧQ�Oê��Wә�FKӭF���
��7URQJ�ÿiQK�JLi�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�KӑF�WұS�FӫD�KӑF�VLQK��FҫQ�Fy�EҧQJ�WLrX�FKt�ÿiQK�JLi�
U}�UjQJ�Fө�WKӇ��EҧQJ�ÿiQK�JLi�WKHR�WLrX�FKt�ÿѭӧF�Vӱ�GөQJ�WURQJ�QKLӅX�JLDL�ÿRҥQ��
ĈiQK�JLi�TXi�WUuQK�WKӵF�KLӋQ�QKLӋP�Yө�ӣ�QKj��ÿiQK�JLi�TXi�WUuQK�KRҥW�ÿӝQJ�WURQJ�
JLӡ�KӑF��ÿiQK�JLi�VҧQ�SKҭP��ÿiQK�JLi�WUuQK�Ej\��WKX\ӃW�WUuQK�VҧQ�SKҭP��&iF�EҧQJ�
ÿiQK�JLi�Fy�WKӇ�FKR�KӑF�VLQK�WKӵF�KLӋQ�QKDQK�ӣ�OӟS��Nҿ�YjR�JLҩ\��JLҩ\�QKiS��YjR�

Yӣ�«��NK{QJ�FҫQ�FKXҭQ�Eӏ�ӣ�QKj�WUiQK�OjP�PҩW�QKLӅX�WKӡL�JLDQ�FKR�YLӋF�FKXҭQ�
Eӏ���
��1rQ�YұQ�GөQJ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�PӝW�FiFK�OLQK�KRҥW��FKӫ�ÿӅ�QjR�Fy�WKӇ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�
ÿѭӧF� WKu�QrQ� WKӵF�KLӋQ�QKѭQJ�FҫQ� WKӵF�KLӋQ�PӝW� FiFK�QKҽ�QKjQJ�ÿӇ�PDQJ� OҥL�
QKӳQJ�EjL�JLҧQJ�SKRQJ�SK~�KҩS�GүQ�FKR�KӑF�VLQK��&ҫQ�NKѫL�Gұ\��QLӅP�ÿDP�Pr�



���


FKR�KӑF�VLQK�ÿӇ� WLӃS�FұQ�SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0��7�\�NKҧ�QăQJ�FӫD�WӯQJ�
OӟS�Pj�PӭF�ÿӝ�\rX�FҫX�EjL�Gҥ\�FNJQJ�FҫQ�SKҧL�WKD\�ÿәL�FKR�SK��KӧS��
���,,������ĈӕL�YӟL�KӑF�VLQK��
��%LӃW�FiFK�OұS�NӃ�KRҥFK�FKR�QKyP�Yj�SKkQ�F{QJ�QKLӋP�Yө�Fө�WKӇ�FKR�WӯQJ�WKjQK�
YLrQ�WURQJ�QKyP��
��7tFK�FӵF�WKҧR�OXұQ��WuP�WzL�Yj�KRjQ�WKjQK�QKLӋP�Yө�ÿѭӧF�JLDR��
��7KѭӡQJ�[X\rQ� WKHR�G}L�Yj�EiR� FiR� WLӃQ� WUuQK� WKӵF�KLӋQ�QӝL� GXQJ�67(0�YӟL�
QKyP�WUѭӣQJ�Yj�JLiR�YLrQ�Eӝ�P{Q��
��7KjQK�WKҥR�WURQJ�YLӋF�Wӵ�ÿiQK�JLi�EҧQ�WKkQ�Yj�ÿiQK�JLi�FiF�WKjQK�YLrQ�NKiF�YӅ�
PӭF�ÿӝ�WKӵF�KLӋQ�QKLӋP�Yө�67(0��
,,����7KLӃW�NӃ�Gҥ\�KӑF�67(0�WK{QJ�TXD�FKӫ�ÿӅ��*Li�WKӇ�WUӗQJ�Fk\�±�&{QJ�
QJKӋ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW�����
,,������/ӵD�FKӑQ�FKӫ�ÿӅ��
�����Ӣ�FKѭѫQJ�,,��ĈҩW� WUӗQJ�±�&{QJ�QJKӋ� WUӗQJ�WUӑW����JӗP���EjL��%jL��� ��*LӟL�
WKLӋX�YӅ�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ��%jL�����6ӱ�GөQJ��FҧL�WҥR�Yj�EҧR�YӋ�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ��%jL�����*Li�WKӇ�
WUӗQJ�Fk\��%jL�����7KӵF�KjQK��;iF�ÿӏQK�ÿӝ�FKXD�Yj�ÿӝ�PһQ�FӫD�ÿҩW��7URQJ�ÿy��
EjL���Yj�EjL���FXQJ�FҩS�FiF�NLӃQ�WKӭF�Fѫ�EҧQ�YӅ�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ�Yj�ELӋQ�SKiS�EҧR�YӋ�Yj�
FҧL�WҥR�ÿҩW��%jL���FXQJ�FҩS�NLӃQ�WKӭF�Yj�Nӻ�QăQJ�YӅ�[iF�ÿӏQK�ÿӝ�FKXD�Yj�ÿӝ�PһQ�
FӫD�ÿҩW��5LrQJ�ӣ�EjL����QӝL�GXQJ�EjL�KӑF�JҳQ�OLӅQ�YӟL�NLӃQ�WKӭF�WKӵF�WLӉQ��QKX�FҫX�

WUӗQJ�Fk\�WKHR�SKѭѫQJ�SKiS�KLӋQ�ÿҥL�Yj�WLrQ�WLӃQ�KLӋQ�QD\��1ӃX�KӑF�VLQK�ÿѭӧF�
WuP�KLӇX�NLӃQ�WKӭF��ÿѭӧF�WUҧL�QJKLӋP�OjP�FiF�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�ÿӇ� WUӗQJ�WKӱ�QJKLӋP�
FiF�ORҥL�Fk\�WKu�FiF�HP�VӁ�WKtFK�WK~�KѫQ��QKӟ�Yj�KLӇX�VkX�NLӃQ�WKӭF�KѫQ���
����+ѫQ�QӳD��NKL�KӑF�VLQK�ÿm�WKӵF�KLӋQ�OjP�ÿѭӧF�FiF�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�WUӗQJ�Fk\�WKL�NKL�
KӑF�ÿӃQ�EjL����±�'ӵ�iQ�WUӗQJ�KRD�WURQJ�FKұX��Wӯ�FiF�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�FiF�HP�Wӵ�WҥR�UD�
ÿӇ�Vӱ�GөQJ�OjP�YұW�OLӋX�WUӗQJ�KRD�WURQJ�Gӵ�iQ�Qj\�VӁ�PDQJ�OҥL�Vӵ�WKtFK�WK~��KӑF�
VLQK�VӁ�ELӃW�WUkQ�WUӑQJ�Yj�\rX�TXê�FiF�VҧQ�SKҭP�GR�FKtQK�FiF�HP�OjP�UD��
������0ҥFK�NLӃQ�WKӭF�FKӫ�\ӃX�WURQJ�EjL���±�*Li�WKӇ�WUӗQJ�Fk\��
��.KiL�QLӋP�JLi�WKӇ�WUӗQJ�Fk\��
��9DL�WUz�FӫD�Vӱ�GөQJ�JLi�WKӇ�WURQJ�WUӗQJ�WUӑW��
��0ӝW�Vӕ�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�KӳX�Fѫ��
��0ӝW�Vӕ�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�WUѫ�FӭQJ��
,,������ 7KLӃW� NӃ� Yj� Wә� FKӭF� KRҥW� ÿӝQJ� Gҥ\� KӑF� FKӫ�ÿӅ� WKHR� SKѭѫQJ� SKiS�
67(0��

67(0��*,È�7+ӆ�75Ӗ1*�&Ỉ<�
7L͇W�33&7��7L͇W�����������WL͇W��



���


$��0Ð�7Ҧ�&+Ӫ�Ĉӄ��
��ĈӏD�ÿLӇP�Wә�FKӭF��/ӟS�KӑF�Yj�ӣ�QKj�
��7KӡL�JLDQ�WKӵF�KLӋQ����WLӃW�
��.LӃQ�WKӭF�NKRD�KӑF�WURQJ�FKӫ�ÿӅ���

.LӃQ�WKӭF�PӟL� .LӃQ�WKӭF�ÿm�ELӃW� .LӃQ�WKӭF�OLrQ�TXDQ�


�� .KiL� QLӋP� JLi� WKӇ�
WUӗQJ�Fk\��
�� &iF� ORҥL� JLi� WKӇ� WUӗQJ�
Fk\��
�� &iF� EѭӟF� VҧQ� [XҩW� ��
ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�WUӗQJ�Fk\�

��&k\�WUӗQJ��PӕL�TXDQ�KӋ�
JLӳD�Fk\�WUӗQJ�Yj�FiF�\ӃX�
Wӕ� FҫQ� WKLӃW� WURQJ� WUӗQJ�
WUӑW� QKѭ� iQK� ViQJ�� QKLӋW�
ÿӝ�� QѭӟF� ±� ÿӝ� ҭP�� GLQK�
GѭӥQJ«�
��.KiL�QLӋP�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ��
��&iF� WKjQK�SKҫQ�FӫD�ÿҩW�
WUӗQJ��
��7tQK�FKҩW�FӫD�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ��

��7RiQ�KӑF��7tQK�ÿѭӧF�Wӹ�
OӋ� JLӳD� NKӕL� OѭӧQJ� JLi�
WKӇ�YӟL�FiF�FKҩW�SKө�JLD��
FKӃ�SKҭP�YL�VLQK�Yj�PӝW�
Vӕ� \ӃX� Wӕ� FҫQ� WKLӃW� NKiF�
�W�\�YjR�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ��
��.ӻ�WKXұW����
��7KLӃW�NӃ�TX\�WUuQK�Yj�
OjP�PӝW�Vӕ�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�
WUӗQJ�Fk\��
�� 7UӗQJ� WKӱ� QJKLӋP�
PӝW� Vӕ� ORҥL� Fk\� WUӗQJ�

WUrQ�FiF�ORҥL�JLi�WKӇ�ÿy��
�� &{QJ� QJKӋ�� 6ӱ� GөQJ�
FiF�YұW�OLӋX�VҹQ�Fy�ÿӇ�WҥR�
UD� PӝW� Vӕ� ORҥL� JLi� WKӇ�
WUӗQJ�Fk\��

���9ҩQ� ÿӅ� WKӵF� WLӉQ��+LӋQ�QD\� YҩQ�ÿӅ� WUӗQJ� UDX�VҥFK� ÿӇ�ÿiS�ӭQJ�QKX� FҫX� WKӵF�
SKҭP�Oj�YҩQ�ÿӅ�FҫQ�WKLӃW��1Jj\�QD\�GR�OӧL�QKXұQ�YӅ�NLQK�WӃ�Pj�FRQ�QJѭӡL�ÿm�Vӱ�
GөQJ�QKLӅX�ORҥL�WKXӕF�ÿӝF�KҥL�ÿӇ� WăQJ�QăQJ�VXҩW��WăQJ�WKӡL�JLDQ�EҧR�TXҧQ�WKӵF�
SKҭP��Q{QJ�VҧQ�Jk\�ҧQK�KѭӣQJ�[ҩX�ÿӃQ�VӭF�NKӓH�FRQ�QJѭӡL��&iF�Kӝ�JLD�ÿuQK�Fy�
[X�KѭӟQJ�Wӵ�VҧQ�[XҩW�UDX�VҥFK�Vӱ�GөQJ�FKR�JLD�ÿuQK�ÿӇ�ÿҧP�EҧR�VӭF�NKӓH��7UӗQJ�
UDX�WUrQ�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ�JһS�QKLӅX�NKy�NKăQ�Yu�GLӋQ�WtFK�ÿҩW�QJj\�FjQJ�Eӏ�WKX�KҽS��PӛL�
JLD�ÿuQK�FKӍ�ÿӫ�GLӋQ�WtFK�ÿҩW�ÿӇ�OjP�QKj�ӣ��NK{QJ�Fy�ÿҩW�ÿӇ�WUӗQJ�UDX��7UӗQJ�UDX�
WUrQ�ÿҩW�PҩW� UҩW�QKLӅX�WKӡL�JLDQ�FKR�NKkX�FKăP�VyF�QKѭ�QKә�Fӓ�GҥL�� WѭӟL�QѭӟF��
EyQ�SKkQ�GR�ÿҩW�WUӗQJ�QJKqR�GLQK�GѭӥQJ��KD\�Eӏ�NK{�KҥQ��9u�Yұ\�WUӗQJ�UDX�WURQJ�
FiF�GXQJ�GӏFK�� WUrQ�FiF�JLi�WKӇ�Yj�ÿӇ�ӣ�FiF�KjQK� ODQJ�� WUrQ�PiL�KLrQ�QKj� Oj�[X�
KѭӟQJ�FӫD�UҩW�QKLӅX�Kӝ�JLD�ÿuQK�Yu�WKXұQ�WLӋQ�FKR�YLӋF�FKăP�VyF��Fk\�WUӗQJ�VLQK�
WUѭӣQJ�Yj�SKiW�WULӇQ�WӕW��NKӓH�Yj�VҥFK�EӋQK��WҥR�UD�Q{QJ�VҧQ�VҥFK�Yj�DQ�WRjQ����
%��0Ө&�7,Ç8��
����3KiW�WULӇQ�QăQJ�OӵF�



���


��1ăQJ�O͹F�F{QJ�QJK͏���
��1rX�ÿѭӧF�PӝW�Vӕ�ӭQJ�GөQJ�F{QJ�QJKӋ�FDR�WURQJ�VҧQ�[XҩW�JLi�WKӇ�WUӗQJ�Fk\��
��7UuQK�Ej\�ÿѭӧF�PӝW�Vӕ� ORLJLiWKWUQJFk\SKELQQKJLiWK WKDQEQ
PQFDWUXKXQ[GD

0{WFFiFEFVQ[XWPWVORLJLiWK
1QJOFFKXQJ
/DFKQQJXQWjLOLXWKtFKKSWuPKLXWKrPNLQWKFYJLiWKWUQJ
Fk\
*LLTX\WFQKQJQKLPYKFWSPWFiFKFOSWKHRQKyPYjWK
KLQVViQJWR
*ySSKQSKiWWULQQQJOFJLDRWLSYjKSWiFTXDKRWQJQKyPYjWUDR
LF{QJYLFYLJLiRYLrQ
3KiWWULQSKPFKW
&yKQJWK~YjTXDQWkPQJLiWKWUQJFk\
&yWKiLWtFKFFYJLiWKWUQJFk\WUQJFk\NK{QJVGQJWWUQJ
&7+,7%'<+&9ơ+&/,8
LYLJLiRYLrQ
.KRFKEjLKFFKLWLW
%FkXKLQKKQJFKRFiFQKyP
%QJKQJGQQKLPYFiFWKjQKYLrQWURQJQKyP
%QJWLrXFKtiQKJLiKRWQJFiFQKyP
9LGHRWUQJUDXWURQJGXQJGFKWUrQJLiWKFDPWVP{KuQK
LYLKFVLQK
7uPKLXYjFWUFWjLOLXFyOLrQTXDQQPWVQJGQJF{QJQJKFDR
WURQJVQ[XWJLiWKFk\WUQJFLPYjFiFEFVQ[XWPWVORLJLi
WKWUQJFk\
'7,175ẻ1+'<+&

7,77LWSSFW
+271*;ẩ&1+91

0FWLrX7K{QJTXDYLFVGQJFiFFkXKLYLGHRYJLiWKWUQJFk\
JL~SWRKQJWK~YQLGXQJJLiWKWUQJFk\
1LGXQJG\KF







3+/&

3KOF3KLXLXWUDWKFWUQJYLFWKLWNYjWFKFG\KF67(0LYLJLiRYLrQ
JLQJG\P{Q&{QJQJKWUQJWUWTXDJRRJOHIRUP









3KOF3KLXLXWUDVKQJWK~FDKFVLQKLYLKuQKWKFKFWSP{Q&{QJQJK
WUQJWUWWKHRG\KF67(0








3KOF.WTXLXWUDWKFWUQJWKLWNYjWFKFG\KF67(0FiF









3KOF6KQJWK~FDKFVLQKLYLKuQKWKFKFWSP{Q&{QJQJKWUQJWUWWKHR

KuQKWKFG\KF67(0






3KOF0WVKuQKQKWKFWWURQJTXiWUuQKKFWSFK67(0JLiWKWUQJFk\
FDKFVLQK



+FVLQKWKXJRPYWOLXVDXJLKF

1JX\rQYWOLXFKFVLQKVFKVDXJLKF

×