Principles of modern radar

Tai Lieu Chat Luong


Principles of Modern Radar



Principles of Modern Radar
Vol. III: Radar Applications

William L. Melvin
Georgia Institute of Technology

James A. Scheer
Georgia Institute of Technology

Edison, NJ
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Contents

Preface xi
Reviewer Acknowledgements xv
Editors and Contributors xvii

1

Radar Applications 1

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

Introduction 1
Historical Perspective 2
Radar Measurements 5
Radar Frequencies 6
Radar Functions 8
U.S. Military Radar Nomenclature
Topics in Radar Applications 10
Comments 14
References 15

2

Continuous Wave Radar

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Introduction 17
Continuous Wave Radar 21
Frequency Modulated CW Radar 26
Other CW Radar Waveform Designs 63

FMCW Radar Applications 67
References 82

3

MMW Radar Characteristics and Applications 87

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

Introduction 87
The MMW Spectrum 88
Propagation at Higher Frequency 89
Antenna Beamwidth Considerations 93
MMW Performance Limitations 94
Typical Seeker or Smart Munition Configuration
MMW Radar Applications 108

9

17

98

v

vi

Contents

3.8 MMW Future Trends 112
3.9 Further Reading 113
3.10 References 114

4

Fire-Control Radar

117

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

Introduction 117
Airborne Fire-Control Radar 123
Surface-Based Fire-Control Radar 160
Electronic Counter Countermeasures 170
The ‘‘AN’’ Equipment-Designation System
References 173

Further Reading 173

5

Airborne Pulse-Doppler Radar

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14

Introduction 175
Geometry 177
The Doppler Shift and Motivation for Doppler Processing
Range and Doppler Distribution of Clutter 185
Contours of Constant Doppler and Range 196
Example Scenario 199
Pulse-Doppler Conceptual Approach 203
Ambiguities, Folded Clutter, and Blind Zones 216
Overview of PRF Regimes 226

High PRF Mode 228
Medium PRF Mode 235
Low PRF Mode 246
Summary 248
References 249

6

Multifunction Phased Array Radar Systems 251

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7

Introduction 251
Operational Concepts and Military Utilities 254
MPARS Sizing and Performance Evaluation 257
ESA Overview 262
Radar Control and Resource Management 268
MPARS Technologies 276
MPARS Testing and Evaluation 280

172

175

181


Contents

6.8 Netcentric MPARS Applications
6.9 References 283
6.10 Further Reading 283

281

7

Ballistic Missile Defense Radar

285

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

Introduction 285
BMD Radar System Requirements 292
Radar Development for Ballistic Missile Defense
BMD Radar Design 307
BMD Radar Performance Estimation 312

References 321
Further Reading 322

8

Ground-Based Early Warning Radar (GBEWR): Technology and
Signal Processing Algorithms 323

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

Introduction 323
Phased Array Antenna 335
Transceiver 342
Waveforms and Signal Processing 348
Tracking 352
Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM) Capabilities
Special Functions 359
Conclusions and Further Reading 376
References 377

9

Surface Moving Target Indication 383

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12

Introduction 383
SMTI Radar Operation 390
Signal Models 393
SMTI Metrics 400
Antenna and Waveform Considerations
Clutter-Mitigation Approaches 410
Detection Processing 418
Angle and Doppler Estimation 421
Other Considerations 424
Summary 426
Further Reading 427
References 427

405

298

357

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Contents

10

Space-Based SAR for Remote Sensing 431

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9

Introduction 431
Historical Perspective 438
Orbits 451
Design Considerations for the Spaceborne SAR 457
Special Modes and Capabilities 473

Design Example: Germany’s TerraSAR-X 482
Summary 493
References 494
Further Reading 498

11

Passive Bistatic Radar

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9

Introduction 499
Bistatic Radar 505
Passive Bistatic Radar Waveforms
The Signal Environment 519
Passive Bistatic Radar Techniques
Examples of Systems 527
Conclusions 536
References 537
Further Reading 540

12

Air Traffic Control Radar

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8

Introduction – The Task of Air Traffic Control (ATC)
System Requirements/Mission 552
Design Issues 558
The Future of ATC Radar 582
Summary 585
Further Reading 585
Acknowledgments 585
References 585

13

Weather Radar

13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4

Introduction 591
Typical Weather-Radar Hardware 595
The Radar-Range Equation for Weather Radar
Doppler Processing 603

499

509
524

543

591

598

543


Contents

13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.10

Hydrological Measurements 609
Characteristics of Some Meteorological Phenomena

Sun Echoes and Roost Rings 623
Advanced Processing and Systems 623
References 632
Further Reading 634

14

Foliage-Penetrating Radar

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10

Introduction 635
History of Battlefield Surveillance 637
Foliage-Penetrating SAR Collection Systems
FOPEN Clutter Characteristics 645
Image Formation 654
Radio Frequency Interference 665
Target Detection and Characterization 676
Summary 684
References 685
Further Reading 688

15

Ground-Penetrating Radar

15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5

Overview 691
Pulsed Ground-Penetrating Radar System Design 697
GPR System Implementation and Test Results 731
Conclusions 746
References 746

16

Police Radar

615

635

642

691

749

Introduction 749
The History of Technologies that Enabled Police Radar 750
Review of Homodyne Radar Principles 751
The First Police Radar 753
The Cosine Error Caused by Improper Operation 754
The Next-Generation S-band Radar 755
The Move to X-band – 10 GHz 758
A Second Method Used to Achieve the Ferro-Magnetic
Circulator Function 763
16.9 Moving Radar with Improved Detection Range Capability 764
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8

ix


x

Contents

16.10
16.11
16.12

16.13
16.14
16.15
16.16
16.17
Index

Moving-Mode Police Radar Operation 766
Alternative Phase-Locked Loop Signal-Processing Approach 770
The Move to K-band Frequencies 771
Police Radar Moves to the Ka-band and Utilizes Digital Signal
Processing 772
Other Police Operating Modes Made Possible by DSP 774
Summary 777
References 777
Further Reading 778
779


Preface
Principles of Modern Radar: Radar Applications is the third of the three-volume series
of what was originally designed to be accomplished in one volume. As the final volume
of the set, it finishes the original vision of a complete yet bounded reference for radar
technology. This volume describes fifteen different system applications or class of
applications in more detail than can be found in Volumes I or II.
As different as the applications described, there is a difference in how these topics
are treated by the authors. Whereas in Volumes I and II there is strict adherence to
chapter format and level of detail, this volume has a wider dynamic range of technical
depth. Some system applications lend themselves to a deeper level of technical
description than others.

What This Book Addresses
Certainly, there are many applications for which radar technology can be applied.
Each chapter in Principles of Modern Radar: Radar Applications discusses a particular
(selected) application or class of applications for the use of radar as a sensor. Not all
applications for radar as a sensor are addressed in this volume, nor could they be.
However, a varied selection of applications are included, providing a fairly broad cross
section of surface-based and aerospace systems, defense-oriented as well as commercial
technologies, and European as well as American systems.
It was difficult to determine which system applications should be selected for this
volume. Some areas of technology are so new that intellectual property rights restricted
us from developing a complete picture of those applications. In other cases, classification issues were at play. Even considering these issues, there are many other radar
applications that might have been covered, and a selection had to be made. We hope you
are pleased with our choices.

Why This Book Was Written
The original vision for PoMR was to provide the radar community with a single resource
that described the latest radar technology, as driven largely by advancements in digital
signal-processing (DSP) capability. Since DSP technology is maturing at such a fast
pace, the ability to employ advanced techniques grows with it. The growth of these new
techniques influences the development of advanced antenna techniques as well as subsystem radio-frequency and intermediate frequency hardware. The first two volumes in
this series describe basic principles, some of which are true for legacy systems and some
of which have experienced relatively recent use, as well as specific advanced techniques
in the use of this technology. So, the first two volumes provide a complete picture of
radar technology from the first principles to the advanced techniques in use today. With
the publication of the first two volumes, it was natural to complete the original vision by
preparing this volume describing selected modern radar applications.
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Preface

Who Should Read This Book
Different from Volumes I and II, this volume is not intended as a textbook for the
university environment. Rather, it was originally developed to be largely readable by the
layperson, who might not necessarily have all the mathematical and scientific background to fully appreciate the material in the first two volumes. That stated, this volume
is also intended to fill in some detail, reinforce or expand on fundamental technological
issues described in the first two volumes, and round out understanding of system issues,
at least for a selection of applications.

How the Chapters Are Structured
The framework for each chapter was written roughly to answer the following questions:
What are the system requirements? What are the particular radar issues associated with
these requirements? How specifically are these features incorporated in the system?
Examples of specific systems representing the class of applications discussed
herein support the answers to these questions. Since different radar technology communities sometimes use different, or unique, symbols and abbreviations, many chapters
have a separate table of abbreviations and symbols. It would be more difficult to read if
all of the abbreviations and symbols were consolidated at the end of the book. Since
this volume is not expected to be used as a university text, no student questions are
included.

The History of the PoMR Series
As discussed in the prefaces of Volumes I and II, the PoMR series was originally
planned as one volume, entitled Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles,
Advanced Techniques, and Radar Applications. The resulting number of chapters and
sheer amount of the material suggested two volumes: the Basic Principles volume and
the Advanced Techniques and Radar Applications volume. True to form, as Volume II
emerged, it was separated into two volumes, resulting in the current set of three

volumes.
Volume I was written to provide a modern look at the fundamental technology and
design issues related to radar technology in general. It provides an in-depth look at the
modern signal-processing techniques available today, many that were not supported by
the computing resources (signal- and data-processing technology) available even ten
years ago. Volume II was prepared to demonstrate specific signal-processing techniques
that are not required in every system in development but are relatively new to the field of
radar. The current volume, Radar Applications, cites specific examples of the use of
basic principles and advanced techniques.
It is interesting to note that many of the signal-processing techniques in use today
were first discussed in the early (World War II era) series prepared at the MIT Radiation
Laboratory.1 The techniques were known, but available signal-processing technology

1
This refers to a twenty-one-book series of topics related to radar technology titled MIT Radiation
Laboratory Series, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1948.


Preface
did not support implementation until modern digital signal-processing equipment
became available.

Acknowledgements
As editors for this volume, we are very grateful to the publisher, Dudley Kay, for his
enduring support and encouragement. Special thanks also go to Brent Beckley for all of
his efforts on the sales and marketing front. We are also grateful to Dudley and Brent for
gathering and managing the unusually numerous volunteer reviewers whose participation as a ‘‘community effort’’ over the course of the three-volume series has been
remarkable and inspiring.
Most important, though, we remain thankful to our families for their patience, love,
and support as we prepared materials, revised, reviewed, coordinated, and repeated. This

book, like the others, represents time away from the ones we love. We thank them for
their understanding, kindness, and support.

To Our Readers
We hope the reader will enjoy this book! Radar is and will continue to be an immensely
exciting and diverse field of engineering.
Please report errors and refinements. We know from the publication of the first two
volumes that even the most diligently reviewed and edited book is bound to contain
errors in the first printing. It can be frustrating to see such errors persist, even in many
subsequent printings. We continue to appreciate SciTech Publishing’s commitment to
correct errors and enhance the book with each printing. So, it remains a ‘‘community
effort’’ to catch and correct errors and improve the book. You may send your suspected
errors and suggestions to:

This email will reach us and SciTech concurrently so we can confer and confirm the
modifications gathered for scheduled reprints. You are always welcome to contact us
individually as well.
Bill Melvin
Atlanta, GA
Jim Scheer
New Bern, NC

xiii



Reviewer Acknowledgements
SciTech Publishing – IET gratefully acknowledges the manuscript reviewing efforts
from the following members of the international radar and electronic warfare community. Refinements to the book’s content and expression for the benefit of all readers
represent the blessing of ‘a community effort’.

Ron Aloysius, Northrop Grumman Corporation, USA
Edward R. Beadle, Harris Corporation, USA
Lee Blanton, General Atomics Corporation, USA
Neal Brune, Esterline Defense Technologies, USA
Kernan Chaisson, Captain, USAF (retired)
I-Ting Chiang, Qualcomm, USA
Jean Yves Chouinard, Universite Laval, Canada
Patrick Dever, Northrop Grumman Corporation, USA
John Erickson, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, USA
Phillip Fitch, University of South Australia, Australia
Riccardo Fulcoli, Selex ES, Italy
Gaspare Galati, Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy
Frank Gekat, Selex Systems Integration, Germany
Martie Goulding, MDA Corporation, Canada
Hugh Griffiths, University College London, UK
Stephen Harman, QinetiQ, UK
Stephen Hogue, Harris GCSD, USA
Michael Inggs, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Stephane Kemkemian, Thales Airborne Systems, France
Peter Knott, Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques,
Germany
Thodoris G. “Ted” Kostis, University of the Aegean, Greece
Anthony Leotta, ADL Associates, USA
David Long, Brigham Young University, USA
John Milan, Consultant, USA
Lee Moyer, Technology Service Corporation, USA
Karl-Erik Olsen, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Norway
A. M. (Tony) Ponsford, Raytheon Canada Ltd., Canada
Pinaki S. Ray, University of Adelaide, Australia
Earl Sager, Consultant, USA

John SantaPietro, The MITRE Corporation, USA
Margaret M. “Peggy” Swassing, 412th Test Engineering Group (Edwards AFB), USA
Firooz Sadjadi, Lockheed Martin Corporation, USA
John Sahr, University of Washington, USA
Alexander Singer, Thales Group, Canada
Koen van Caekenberghe, HiSilicon, Belgium

xv



Editors and Contributors
Volume Editors
Dr. William Melvin
Volume Editor-in-Chief and Multiple Chapter Author
William Melvin is Director of the Sensors and Electromagnetic
Applications Laboratory at the Georgia Tech Research Institute and an
Adjunct Professor in Georgia Tech’s Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. His research interests include systems engineering, advanced signal processing and exploitation, and high-fidelity
modeling and simulation. He has authored more than 180 publications
in his areas of expertise and holds three patents on adaptive radar
technology. Among his distinctions, Dr. Melvin is a Fellow of the
IEEE, with the follow citation: ‘‘For contributions to adaptive signal
processing methods in radar systems.’’ He received the PhD, MS, and
BS (with High Honors) degrees in Electrical Engineering from Lehigh
University.
Mr. James A. Scheer
Associate Volume Editor and Chapter 1 Author
Jim Scheer has forty years of hands-on experience in the design,
development, testing, evaluation, and analysis of radar systems. He
currently consults and works part-time for GTRI and teaches radarrelated short courses. He began his career with the General Electric

Company (now Lockheed Martin Corporation), working on the F-111
attack radar system. In 1975, he moved to GTRI, where he worked on
radar system applied research until his retirement in 2004. Mr. Scheer is
an IEEE Life Fellow and holds a BSEE degree from Clarkson University
and the MSEE degree from Syracuse University. His primary interests
are in the area of coherent radar performance prediction and evaluation.

Chapter Contributors
Mr. Chris Baker
Chris Baker is the Ohio State Research Scholar in Integrated Sensor
Systems at The Ohio State University. Until June 2011, he was the Dean
and Director of the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the
Australian National University (ANU). Prior to this, he held the ThalesRoyal Academy of Engineering Chair of intelligent radar systems based
at University College London. He has been actively engaged in radar
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Editors and Contributors
systems research since 1984 and is the author of more than 200 publications. His research interests include coherent radar techniques, radar
signal processing, radar signal interpretation, electronically scanned
radar systems, radar imaging, and natural and cognitive echo-locating
systems. He is the recipient of the IEE Mountbatten premium (twice)
and the IEE Institute premium, and he is a Fellow of the IET. He is a
Visiting Professor at the University of Cape Town, Cranfield University,
University College London, Adelaide University, Wright State University, and Nanyang Technical University.
Mr. Bill Ballard
William Ballard is a Senior Research Associate at the Georgia Tech
Research Institute Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory. He is also the course director of the popular Georgia Tech Professional Education Airborne Fire Control Systems short course. He is a

retired U.S. Navy Commander with more than 3,500 hours and 912 traps
in the A-6 Intruder. He has served on the faculty at the NATO School
(SHAPE) in Oberammergau, Germany where he taught NATO Maritime
Operations, Conventional Weapons Employment, and Naval NBC
Defense. Both his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Mechanical
Engineering and Management Science are from Georgia Tech.
Mr. Melvin L. Belcher
Mel Belcher is a Principal Research Engineer at Georgia Tech Research
Institute (GTRI). He has worked in the development and analysis of
phased array radars systems for more than three decades. He has focused
on air- and missile-defense applications and has also contributed to airborne radar and space surveillance radar efforts. His professional interests include systems engineering, active electronically scanned arrays,
and signal and data processing. He currently serves as the Technical
Director of the Sensors Knowledge Center within the Missile Defense
Agency. He founded and led the Air and Missile Defense Division at
GTRI. He served as Chief Engineer for Radar Futures at Northrop
Grumman Mission Systems from 2005 through 2010. He received the
MSEE from Georgia Institute of Technology and the BEE from Auburn
University.
Mr. Lee Blanton
Lee Blanton is a radar engineer with General Atomics Aeronautical
Systems, Inc., where he supports development of radars for unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs). His thirty-five-year career in industry has
focused primarily on radars for airborne, missile-borne, and spaceborne
applications with additional work in the areas of satellite communication
and electronic warfare systems. His spaceborne radar experience
includes design studies for the proposed Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar
and its successor, the Magellan Venus Radar Mapper, as well as concept
studies for spaceborne radars for the Air Defense Initiative (ADI), the
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), and imaging radar applications.

Editors and Contributors
Dr. Mark E Davis
Mark Davis has forty-five years of experience in government and
industry in developing technology and systems for radar and electronic
systems. After retirement in 2008, he established MEDavis Consulting
as a sole proprietorship to serve the radar science and technology community. He served at DARPA as Deputy Director Information Exploitation Office from 2006 to 2008. Prior to this assignment, he was the
Technical Director for Air Force Research Laboratory Space Based
Radar Technology (1998–2006) and Program Manager in DARPA
Information Systems Office for Counter CC&D technologies (1995–
1998). His interests are in radar and microwave system design, phased
array antennas, and adaptive signal processing.
Dr. Davis is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and Military Sensing Symposia and is Chair of the IEEE Radar Systems Panel. He has a PhD in
Physics from The Ohio State University and bachelor’s and master’s
degrees in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University.
Dr. Antonio De Maio
Dr. Antonio De Maio was born in Sorrento, Italy, on June 20, 1974. He
received the DrEng degree (with honors) and the PhD degree in information engineering, both from the University of Naples Federico II,
Naples, Italy, in 1998 and 2002, respectively. From October to December 2004, he was a Visiting Researcher with the U.S. Air Force Research
Laboratory, Rome, New York. From November to December 2007, he
was a Visiting Researcher with the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Currently, he is an Associate Professor with the University of Naples
Federico II. His research interest lies in the field of statistical signal
processing, with emphasis on radar detection, optimization theory
applied to radar signal processing, and multiple-access communications.
Dr. De Maio is an IEEE Fellow and the recipient of the 2010 IEEE
Fred Nathanson Memorial Award as the young (less than forty years of
age) AESS Radar Engineer 2010 whose performance is particularly
noteworthy as evidenced by contributions to the radar art over a period
of several years, with the following citation for ‘‘robust CFAR detection,

knowledge-based radar signal processing, and waveform design and
diversity.’’
Dr. Alfonso Farina
Alfonso Farina received the doctorate degree in electronic engineering
from the University of Rome (I), Italy, in 1973. In 1974, he joined Selenia,
now SELEX Electronic Systems, where he has been a Manager since May
1988. He was Scientific Director in the Chief Technical Office. He was
the Director of the Analysis of Integrated Systems Unit, Director of
Engineering in the Large Business Systems Division, and Chief Technology Officer of the Company (SELEX Sistemi Integrati). Today he is
Senior Advisor to CTO of SELEX ES. From 1979 to 1985, he has also
been a Professor of radar techniques with the University of Naples. He is
the author of more than 500 peer-reviewed technical publications as well

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Editors and Contributors
as the author of books and monographs. He has been nominated Fellow of
IEEE, international fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, United
Kingdom, and Fellow of EURASIP. He has been appointed member in the
Editorial Boards of IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation (RSN) and of Signal, Image, and Video Processing Journal (SIVP). He has been the
General Chairman of the IEEE Radar Conference, 2008. He is a Fellow of
the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), United Kingdom.
He is also the recipient of the 2010 IEEE Dennis J. Picard Gold Medal for
Radar Technologies and Applications with the following citation: ‘‘For
continuous, innovative, theoretical and practical contributions to radar
systems and adaptive signal processing techniques.’’
Mr. E. F. Greneker

Mr. E. F. Greneker was employed by Georgia Tech Research Institute
(GTRI) for thirty-three years before his retirement as a Principal
Research Scientist. He was responsible for the establishment of the
GTRI Severe Storms Research Center (SSRC) and served as the
founding Director of the SSRC. During his career with GTRI he directed
more than sixty major sponsored research projects for many U.S. government agencies and the military services. Many of these sponsored
projects related to the use of radar for national security purposes. Other
projects included using radar to track insects, and police radar. He has
authored more than 85 papers, journal articles, and the chapter on police
radar in this book. He is a Senior member of the IEEE. He holds five
U.S. patents, with others and two as sole inventor. While employed by
GTRI, he consulted to government agencies through his consulting firm,
Greneker and Associates, Inc.
After retiring from GTRI, he started his own business, RADAR
Flashlight, LLC (RFLLC). RFLLC performed research for the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency and the U.S. Army on topics
relating to detecting humans through a wall using radar. RFLLC also
performed research for the U.S. Air Force on radar detection of moving
targets from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Mr. Greneker’s current interests
include remote sensing, both optical and radar, passive radar, radar
applications for highway safety, and radar used for security purposes.
Mr. Hugh Griffiths
Hugh Griffiths was educated at Hardye’s School, Dorchester, and Keble
College, Oxford University, where he received the MA degree in Physics in 1978. He also received the PhD (1986) and DSc (Eng) (2000)
degrees from the University of London. He holds the THALES/Royal
Academy of Engineering Chair of RF Sensors at University College
London. From 2006 to 2008, he served as Principal of the Defence
College of Management and Technology, at the Defence Academy,
Shrivenham. From 1982 to 2006, he was with University College London as Head of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
from 2001 to 2006. His research interests include radar sensor systems

and signal processing (particularly synthetic aperture radar and bistatic


Editors and Contributors
and multistatic radar and sonar) as well as antennas and antenna measurement techniques. He has published more than 400 papers and technical articles on these subjects.
Professor Griffiths was awarded the IET A F Harvey Prize in 2012
for his work on bistatic radar. He has also received the IERE Lord
Brabazon Premium Award in 1984, the IEE Mountbatten and Maxwell
Premium Awards in 1996, and the IEEE Nathanson Award in 1996. He
served as President of the IEEE AES Society for 2012–13. He has been a
member of the IEEE AESS Radar Systems Panel, which he chaired from
2006 to 2009, and is Editor-in-Chief of the journal IET Radar, Sonar,
and Navigation. He was Chairman of the IEE International Radar Conference RADAR 2002 in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. He also serves on
the Defence Scientific Advisory Council for the U.K. Ministry of
Defence. He is a Fellow of the IET, Fellow of the IEEE, and in 1997 was
elected to Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Mr. Stephane Kemkemian
Stephane Kemkemian graduated in Aerospace Engineering from ISAE,
Toulouse, France. He began his career at Thales working on RDY and
RBE2 radar prototypes (radars for the Mirage-2000 and Rafale fighters,
respectively). He is now senior expert with the Technical Directorate of
Thales Airborne Systems. He holds around thirty patents and is the
author of about twenty papers. He is senior member of the French SEE
and founding member of the IEEE AESS French chapter.
Dr. Richard C. Liu
Richard C. Liu received his BS, MS, and PhD degrees in radio engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 1982, 1984,
and 1988, respectively. Since 1988, he has been with the Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
TX, where he is currently a Professor and the Director of the Well
Logging Laboratory and the Subsurface Sensing Laboratory. His

research areas include resistivity well logging, tool simulation, tool
hardware design, electromagnetic telemetry systems, ground-penetrating
radar, sensor technology, wireless telecommunication systems, shortrange radio, and RF and microwave circuit design. Dr. Liu has published
more than 160 technical papers in these areas.
Dr. Liu is a senior member of IEEE, member of the Society of
Professional Well Logging Analysts, the Environmental and Engineering
Geophysics Society, and the Society of Core Analysts.
Mr. Aram Partizian
Aram Partizian is a Senior Research Scientist at GTRI, where he contributes to the design, development, and field-testing of advanced radar
electronic warfare technologies. He has more than thirty years of
experience in radar and the electronic warfare field, including software
and system engineering roles at Raytheon Company prior to joining
Georgia Tech. He earned a BA in Physics from Oberlin College in 1977.

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Editors and Contributors
Mr. Samuel Piper
Samuel O. Piper is a GTRI Fellow and Principal Research Engineer, and
since 2002 has served as Chief of the Radar Systems Division in the
Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory in GTRI. He has
more than forty years of experience in radar systems engineering and
analysis. He serves as coordinator for the Georgia Tech Principles of
Continuous Wave (CW) Radar short course. He earned a master’s
degree in EE from Georgia Tech.
Mr. John Porcello
John Porcello is a Senior Research Engineer for the Georgia Tech

Research Institute (GTRI). John designs, develops, and implements
digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms in FPGAs for a wide range of
applications, including radar and communications. John has more than
twenty years of experience as an engineer and is a Senior Member of the
IEEE and a private pilot.
Mr. Jay Saffold
Jay Saffold is the Chief Scientist for RNI and has more than twenty years
of engineering experience in both military and industry research in RF
tags, virtual reality, digital databases, soldier-tracking systems, millimeter wavelength (MMW) radar, multimode (MMW and optical) sensor
fusion, fire-control radar, electronic warfare, survivability, signal processing, and strategic defense architecture. He lectures annually for
GTRI on remote sensing and signal processing. He has authored or
coauthored more than 104 technical papers and reports. He holds a
BSEE degree from Auburn University.
Dr. Luca Timmoneri
Luca Timmoneri is a Vice President of SELEX ES, where he is currently
Chief Technical Officer of the Land and Naval Division. His working
interests span from the area of synthetic aperture radar, to radar STAP,
to detection and estimation with application to tridimensional phased
array radar, to parallel-processing architectures.
Dr. Timmoneri is the author of several peer-reviewed papers (also
invited). He is the coauthor of three tutorials presented at International
IEEE radar conferences. He received the 2002, 2004, and 2006 AMS (now
SELEX ES) CEO Award for Innovation Technology; the 2003 AMS (now
SELEX Sistemi Integrati) MD Award for Innovation Technology; the
2004 Finmeccanica Innovation Award; and the 2013 Oscar Masi Award
for industrial innovation of the Italian Association for Industrial Research.
Mr. John Trostel
John Trostel is a senior research scientist and Director of the Severe
Storms Research Center at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI).
His fields of specialization include the meteorology of severe storms,

development of data-acquisition and analysis systems, effects of
meteorological phenomena on MMW propagation and backscatter, and


Editors and Contributors
general physics and meteorological expertise. He was part of a GTRI
team tasked to support the FAA in the development of a Multifunction
Phased Array Radar (MPAR) system and was involved in investigations
of MMW backscatter characteristics of snow-covered ground, atmospheric acoustics, and underwater sonar development. He is an active
member of the American Meteorological Society, National Weather
Association, American Geophysical Union, and American Physical
Society.

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