passive voice practices

CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive Voice)
1. Use of Passive (Cách sử dụng của câu bị động) :
Câu bị động được dùng khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động trong câu, tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là
người hay vật gì cũng khơng q quan trọng.
Ex: My bike was stolen.
A mistake was made.
2. Form (Cấu trúc): S +(V) + O  SO + (BE) + P2 + BY + OS
 Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by” nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành
động thì dùng “with”.
Ex: The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter.
 Trong một số trường hợp “be/ get +P2” hồn tồn khơng mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa:
 Chỉ trạng thái, tình huống mà chủ ngữ đang gặp phải:
Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone?
He got lost in the maze (mê cung) of the town yesterday.
 Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy:
Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly.
I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts (những con ốc).
 Với động từ khuyết thiếu (MV) : Can, may, must, should, have to, ought to, used to
S+ (MV) + V + O  So + (MV)+ be + P2 +by +O
Các thì

Chủ động

Bị động

1. Hiện tại đơn

S + V(s/es) + O
- Mary studies English every day.

S+ is/am/are + P2 + (by + O)

- English is studied by Mary everyday.

2. Hiện tại tiếp
diễn

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
- He is planting some trees now.

S + is/am/are + being + P2 + (by + O)
- Some trees are being planted (by him) now.

3. Quá khứ đơn

S + V-ed + O
- She wrote a letter yesterday.

S + was/were + P2 + (by + O)
- A letter was written (by her) yesterday.

4. Quá khứ tiếp
S + was/were + V-ing + O
diễn
- They were buying a car at 9 am yesterday.

S + was/were +being + P2 + (by + O)
- A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday.

5. Hiện tại hoàn
S + have/ has + P2 + O
thành

- My parents have given me a new bike on
my birthday.

S + have/ has + been + P2 + (by + O)
- A new bike has been given to me by my
parents on my birthday.

6. Hiện tại hoàn
S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O
thành tiếp diễn - John has been repairing this car for 2
hours.

S + have/ h as + been + being + P2 +(by +O)
- This car has been being repaired by John for
2 hours.

7. Quá khứ
hoàn thành

S + had + been + P2 + (by O)
- His report had been finished before 10 p.m
yesterday.

S + had + P2 + O
- He had finished his report before 10 p.m
yesterday.

8. Quá khứ
S + had + been + V-ing + O
hoàn thành tiếp - I had been typing the essay for 3 hours

diễn
before you came yesterday.

S + had + been + being + P2 + (by+ O)
- The essay had been being typed for 3 hours
before you came yesterday.

9. Tương lai
đơn

S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O
- She will do a lot of things tomorrow.

S + will + be + P2 + (by O)
- A lot of things will be done tomorrow.

10. Tương lai
tiếp diễn

S + will + be +V-ing + O
- She will be taking care of her children at
this time tomorrow

S + will + be + being + P2 + (by O)
- Her children will be being taken care of at
this time tomorrow.

11. Tương lai
hoàn thành

S + will + have + P2 + O
- She will have finished her studying by the
end of this year.

S + will + have + been + P2 + (by O)
- Her studying will have been finished by the
end of this year.


12. Tương lai
S + will + have + been + V-ing + O
hoàn thành tiếp - I will have been teaching English for 5
diễn
years by next week.

S + will + have +been + being + P2 + (by O)
- English will have been being taught by me
for 5 years by next week.

3. Một số câu bị động đặc biệt:
 Cấu trúc câu bị động nhờ ai làm gì đó làm gì:
S + (have) + Ochỉ người + V + Ochỉ vật
S + (get) + Ochỉ người + to V + Ochỉ vật
 S + (have) / (get) + Ochỉ vật + P2 + (by +Ochỉ người )
Ex: I have Tom cut my hair.  I have my hair cut (by Tom).
My mother gets me to bring the chair into the room.  My mother gets the chair brought into
the room.
 Với “Make” (bắt buộc ai làm gì):
S + (make) + O + V + …  So + (be) + made + to V …
Ex: He makes me work harder.  I am made to work harder.

 Với “ let” (để ai làm gì/ cho phép ai làm gì):
S + (let) + O + V  So + (be) + allowed + to V
Ex: He lets me drive his car.  I am allowed to drive his car.
 Bị động đối với động từ chỉ ý kiến, thông báo:
Các động từ : Say, think, believe, suppose (giả sử), report (thông báo), suspect(nghi ngờ), rumor
(đồn), consider (băn khoăn, cho rằng) … (V1)
S1 + (V1) + that + S2 + (V2) + …
 Cách 1:
It + (be) + P2 (V1) + that + S2 + (V2)
 Cách 2:
to V ( nếu V1, V2 cùng thì, hoặc V2 xảy ra sau V1 )
S2 + (be) + P2
to have P2 (nếu V2 chia ở các thì hồn thành, hoặc V2 xảy ra trước
(V1) +
V1)
Ex: People said that she was very kind.
-> It was said that she was very kind.
-> She was said to be very kind.
 Bị động với nhóm V chỉ giác quan
S + V1 (see / hear/ feel/ watch/ observe/ catch …) + O + V2/ V2-ing (nếu V2 đang xảy ra)
→So +( be) + P2 (V1) + to V / Ving
Ex: I saw him climbing over the wall.
→ He was seen climbing over the wall.
I heard her sing a very beautiful song.
→ She was heard to sing a very beautiful song.
 Bị động với động từ 2 tân ngữ (riêng “buy” thì dùng “to”): buy, give, show, tell, ask, teach,
send ,bring…
S + (V) + Ongười + Ovật
S(Ongười) + (be) + P2 + Ovật (by + Os)
S(Ovật) + (be) + P2 + to Ongười (by Os)

Thông thường chủ ngữ hợp lý cho câu bị động là Ovật
Ex: My friend gave me a present on my birthday.  A present was given to me by my friend on
my birthday/ I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.
 Bị động với cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả :
It + (be) + adj + to V + O →It + (be) + adj + for O + to be +P
Ex: It's necessary to learn English.
→ It's necessary for English to be learnt.
It's important to prepare the lessons before school.
→ It's important for the lessons to be prepared before school.
Note: Khi trong câu dùng: "possible" hoặc "impossible"
→ can be done/ can't be done
Ex: It's impossible to learn a foreign language in a week.


→ A foreign language can't be learnt in a week.
It's impossible to do this. → This can't be done.
 Bị động đối với câu mệnh lệnh:
V + O Cách 1: S + should/must + be +P2.
Cách 2: Let O be P2
Ex: Turn on the lights!  The lights should be turned on.
Write your name here. Let your name be written here.
Exercise 1. Put these sentences into the passive voice.
1.My father waters this flower every morning. =>
2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4.We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7.Tom will visit his parents next month.
8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.

9.Did Mary this beautiful dress?
10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
Exercise 2. Write the sentences in another way, beginning as shown.
1. Someone reported that the situation was under control.
The situation ___________________________________
2. It is said that she works 16 hours a day.
She ______________________________________________
3. Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.
The company ______________________________________
4. Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year.
The soap opera __________________________________
5. It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion.
Two people_______________________________________
6. Someone reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
The President ___________________________________
7. They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall.
The prisoner ____________________________________
8. It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire.
The buildings __________________________________
9. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people ____________________________________
10. We all expected Marta would pass her driving test.
Marta _________________________________________
11. People believe that he was killed by terrorists.
He ____________________________________________

12. We knew that you were in town on the night of the crime.
You _____________________________________________
13. Journalists supposed that the footballer Wayne Johnson was earning £10 million a year.
The footballer Wayne Johnson __________________________
14. We know that they lives in a small flat on the fifth floor.
They_______________________________________________
15. Lots of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.
The Prime Minister________________________________
Exercise 3. Put these sentences into the passive voice.
1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.


2. People don’t make the children work hard.
4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5. Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6. My parents never let me do anything by myself.
7. They have her tell the story again.
8. She let him enter the room.
9. People saw him steal your car.
10. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.
11. They made him work all day.
12. Open your book!
13. Take off your hat!
Exercise 4. Choose the correct answer.
1. We can’t go along here because the road _____.
a. is repairing
b. is repaired
c. is being repaired
d. repaires
2. The story I’ve just read _____ Agatha Christie.

a. was written
b. was written by
c. was written from
d. wrote by
3. Why don’t you have your brother _____ the roof?
a repairs
b. repair
c. repaired
d. to repair
4. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should _____.
a. be have called
b. been called
c. be called
d. have been called
5. Something funny _____ in class yesterday.
a. happened
b. was happened
c. happens
d. is happened
6. Many US automobiles _____ in Detroit, Michigan.
a. manufacture
b. have manufactured c. are manufactured
d. are manufacturing
7. A lot of pesticide residue can _____ on unwashed produce.
a. find
b. found
c. be finding
d. be found
8. We _____ by a loud noise during the night.
a. woke up

b. are woken up
c. were woken up
d. were waking up
9. How did that window _____? ~ I don’t know.
a. get broken
b. broke
c. got broken
d. broken
10. Some film stars _____ difficult to work with.
a. are said be
b. are said to be
c. say to be
d. said to be
11. Last night a tornado swept through Rockville. It _____ everything in its path.
a. destroyed
b. was destroyed
c. was being destroyed
d. has been destroyed
12. Vitamin C _____ by the human body. It gets into blood stream quickly.
a. absorbs easily
b. is easily absorbing c. is easily absorbed
d. absorbed easily
13. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy _____ at.
a. be laughed
b. to be laughed
c. laughing
d. being laughed
14. John _____ last week.
a. had his house painted
b. had painted his house

c. had his father to paint
d. had his house paint
15. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization.
a. are preventing
b. can prevent
c. prevent
d. can be prevented
16. ‘_____ about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?’ ‘Not yet.’
a. Has been an announcement made
b. Has an announcement made
c. Has an announcement been made
d. Has been made an announcement
17. ‘Has the commitee made its decision yet?’
‘Not yet. They are still _____ the proposal.’
a. considering
b. been considered
c. being considered
d. considered
18. I might watch this programme. It _____ very funny.
a. supposes to be
b. is supposed being c. is supposed to be
d. was supposed be
19. Do you get your heating _____ every year?
a. checking
b. check
c. be checked
d. checked
20. Claude Jennings is said _____ his memory.
a to have been lost
b. to be lost

c. to have lost
d. to lose