TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC THƯƠNG MẠI

DISCUSSION
SUBJECT: ENGLISH 1

Title:

TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD

Group: 04
Class: 231ENTH141103
Lecturer: Phạm Thùy Giang

Ha Noi - 2023

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THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLISH

GROUP DISCUSSION
ENGLISH 1
Topic 5: Different types of transport/ Transport around the world
Group: 4

Class: 231_ENTH1411_03

Teacher: Phạm Thuỳ Giang
Group preparation assessment: 4
Presentation assessment: List of students (in the order of presenting)

No

Name (for students)

1

Nguyễn Thị Ngà

2

Nguyễn Thị Trà My

3

Thân Khánh Ly

4

Nguyễn Thu Ngân

5

Lê Thị Kim Ngân

6

Trần Mai Ngân

.

Comments
only)

(for

teacher

Mark

2


MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 4
Stage 1
Time: from 9:00 PM to 10:00 PM
Place: Google Meet
Participants:
Numerical
Full name
order
18
Thân Khánh Ly
19
Nguyễn Thị Trà My
20
Nguyễn Thị Ngà
21
Lê Thị Kim Ngân
22
Nguyễn Thu Ngân

23
Trần Mai Ngân
Contents for discussing:

Position
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Leader

- The members work together to develop an outline for the discussion. Team
leader assigns specific tasks to members.
Conclusion:
- Accomplish meeting objectives, complete discussion outlines, and assign tasks
to participants.
Duties for participants:
Numerical
order
18
19
20
21
22
23

Full name

Work

Thân Khánh Ly
Nguyễn Thị Trà My
Nguyễn Thị Ngà
Lê Thị Kim Ngân
Nguyễn Thu Ngân
Trần Mai Ngân

3.Bus
2.Motorbike
1.Bicycle
5.Aeroplane
4.Subway
6.Animals

Leader

Minute-Taker

(Signature and name)

(Signature and name)

Trần Mai Ngân

Thân Khánh Ly
MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 4
Stage 2
3

Time: from 9:00 PM to 10:00 PM
Place: Google Meet
Participants:
Numerical
Full name
order
18
Thân Khánh Ly
19
Nguyễn Thị Trà My
20
Nguyễn Thị Ngà
21
Lê Thị Kim Ngân
22
Nguyễn Thu Ngân
23
Trần Mai Ngân
Contents for discussing:

Position
Secretary
Member
Member
Member
Member
Leader

- Test presentation

- Members give comments and learn from experiences
- The group leader summarizes opinions and evaluates the working attitudes of
group members
Conclusion:
- Meeting is very good, everybody participates actively.
- The group has completed the project.
Duties for participants:
Numerical
order
18
19
20
21
22
23
Leader

Full name
Thân Khánh Ly
Nguyễn Thị Trà My
Nguyễn Thị Ngà
Lê Thị Kim Ngân
Nguyễn Thu Ngân
Trần Mai Ngân

Work
Secretary
Game/Question
Word
Powerpoint

Introduction/Conlusion
Powerpoint
Minute-Taker

Trần Mai Ngân

Thân Khánh Ly
PEER ASSESSMENT

No.

Full name

Duties

Assessment

Mark

4


Student
’s ID
Bus

18

Thân Khánh Ly

19

Nguyễn
My

20

Nguyễn Thị Ngà

21

Lê Thị Kim Ngân

22

Nguyễn Thu Ngân

23

Trần Mai Ngân

Thị

Secretary
Trà

Motorbike
Game/Question
Bicycle
Word

Aeroplane
Powerpoint
Subway
Introduction/Conclusion
Animals
Powerpoint

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 4....................................................................................3
MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 4....................................................................................4
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PEER ASSESSMENT...........................................................................................................5
PRESENTATION OUTLINE..............................................................................................7
I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................7
II. BODY/ DEVELOPMENT...............................................................................................7
1.Bicycle.........................................................................................................................7
2. Motorcycle...............................................................................................................10
3. Bus............................................................................................................................ 12
4. Subway..................................................................................................................... 14
5. Aeroplane.................................................................................................................16
6. Animals....................................................................................................................18
III. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................21
IV. GAMES/ QUESTIONS................................................................................................22
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................24

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
I. INTRODUCTION

Good morning, everyone, we are group 4. Today we are very happy to be here to
present our topic. There are six members in our group: Nguyen Thu Ngan, Tran Mai Ngan,
Than Khanh Ly, Nguyen Thi Nga, Nguyen Thi Tra My, and Le Thi Kim Ngan.
With life growing faster and faster today, there are a lot of means of transport invented
to meet human demand such as commuting from house to school, traveling over the
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world, ... Generally, they are often attached to daily activities in our lives, so today we
introduce some popular vehicles on the globe. The topic is about Transport around the
world. Our presentation includes five parts. The first part is about Bicycle. The second part
looks at Motorcycles. The third part discusses Bus. The fourth part deals with Aeroplanes.
The fifth part addresses Subway. The final part mentions Animals.
We hope that our presentation will help students expand their knowledge about the
transport area. In the process of studying, our presentation may still have several faults, we
look forward to receiving the comments of the teacher and other students in order to
complete this presentation better.
II. BODY/ DEVELOPMENT
1.Bicycle
In the present era, there are many new means of transport, but the bicycle is still one of
my favorite means of transport. Many people think that bicycles are one of the best means
of transport in Viet Nam. Not only young people but also the old can use bicycles. Most
especially, bicycles are also used to go to school students every day.
a) The history of formation and development:
Bicycles have an amazing history. It started in 1817, when Karl Drais, a German,
invented the first "foot-powered bicycle". Over many years of development, today's bicycles
have been improved with many modern technologies. , from the powertrain, brakes, and
lights to the chassis and materials used. Bicycles are not only a convenient means of
transportation but also a great way to take advantage of the landscape and exercise.
In the late 1800s, the safety bicycle was introduced, which featured equal-sized wheels

and a diamond-shaped frame. This design made it much easier and safer to ride, and it
quickly gained popularity among both men and women. The safety bicycle also allowed for
the use of gears, making it easier to climb hills and travel long distances.
During the early 20th century, bicycles became an essential mode of transportation for
many people, especially in urban areas. They were used for commuting to work, running
errands, and even for leisurely rides. However, bicycles had their limitations when it came to
carrying heavy loads or transporting large items.
b) Advantages of bicycles:

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Environmentally friendly: Bicycles are a sustainable mode of transportation as they do
not produce any emissions or contribute to air pollution. Choosing bicycles over cars can
help reduce carbon footprint and combat climate change.
Cost-effective: Bicycles are much more affordable than cars, both in terms of upfront
costs and ongoing expenses. They require minimal maintenance, no fuel costs, and no
parking fees. This makes them an economical choice for commuting and short-distance
travel.
Health benefits: Cycling is a great form of exercise that helps improve cardiovascular
health, build muscles, and increase overall fitness. Regular cycling can reduce the risk of
obesity, heart disease, and other lifestyle-related health issues.
Convenience and accessibility: Bicycles are highly maneuverable and can navigate
through congested areas and narrow streets where cars may struggle. They also provide easy
access to areas where parking is limited or expensive, allowing for quicker and more
convenient travel.
Reduced traffic congestion: With more people opting for bicycles, there will be fewer
cars on the road, resulting in reduced traffic congestion. This can lead to smoother traffic
flow, shorter flexibility and freedom: Bicycles offer the freedom to choose your route and
explore various paths that may not be accessible by cars. You can easily navigate through

parks, bike lanes, and pedestrian-only areas, providing a more enjoyable and scenic travel
experience.
Improved mental well-being: Cycling has been proven to have positive effects on
mental health. It can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve overall mood and
well-being. The combination of physical exercise and being outdoors can have a
rejuvenating effect on the mind.
Improved community connection: Bicycles promote a sense of community and
connection. Cyclists often interact with each other on the road, forming a supportive and
friendly network. Additionally, bicycles allow for easier social interactions and engagement
with the local community, as they are more likely to stop and interact with others compared
to car users.
Reduced noise pollution: Unlike cars or motorcycles, bicycles are virtually silent,
contributing to a quieter and more peaceful environment. This reduction in noise pollution
can have a positive impact on the quality of life in urban areas.
Efficient use of space: Bicycles require significantly less space than cars, both on the
road and for parking. This makes them a practical solution for densely populated areas

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where space is limited. It also helps to reduce the need for large parking lots and garages,
freeing up space for other purposes.
Reduced reliance on fossil fuels: By choosing bicycles as a mode of transportation,
individuals can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and help conserve natural resources.
This can contribute to a more sustainable and energy-efficient future.
In short, traveling by bicycle not only brings benefits to personal health but also has a
positive impact on the environment and personal finances.
c) In addition to the advantages, bicycles also have the following disadvantages:
Limited carrying capacity: Bicycles have limited space for carrying items, making it
challenging to transport large or heavy loads. This can be a drawback when it comes to

grocery shopping, moving furniture, or carrying bulky items.
Weather dependence: Cycling can be significantly affected by weather conditions.
Rain, snow, extreme heat, or strong winds can make cycling uncomfortable, unsafe, or even
impossible. This reliance on favorable weather may limit the practicality of using bicycles as
a primary mode of transportation.
Safety concerns: Bicycles are more vulnerable to accidents and collisions compared to
cars. Sharing the road with larger vehicles can pose risks, especially in areas with inadequate
cycling infrastructure or where drivers may not be accustomed to sharing the road with
cyclists. Accidents involving bicycles can result in serious injuries or fatalities.
Limited speed: Bicycles are generally slower than cars or motorcycles, especially on
longer distances or uphill routes. This can make cycling less time-efficient for certain
journeys, particularly when time is a critical factor.
Limited accessibility: Not everyone can comfortably or safely ride a bicycle.
Individuals with physical disabilities, elderly people, or those who are not physically fit may
find it challenging or impossible to use bicycles as a mode of transportation. This can limit
the inclusivity and accessibility of cycling as a transportation option.
Limited storage and security: Bicycles can be susceptible to theft, especially when
parked in public areas. They require secure storage facilities, such as bike racks or indoor
parking spaces, to prevent theft or damage. Lack of proper storage options may discourage
individuals from using bicycles or increase the risk of theft.
Limited range: Bicycles are suitable for shorter distances, but they may not be practical
for longer commutes or journeys. This limited range can be a disadvantage for individuals
who need to travel longer distances or who live in areas with inadequate cycling
infrastructure.
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Overall, biking is my preferred mode of transportation because it offers so many
benefits both for my physical health and the environment. It's a simple and enjoyable way to
get around that I would recommend to anyone.

2. Motorcycle
In the fast-paced modern world, motorcycles have become an indispensable part of
modern transportation. With their sleek design, powerful engines, and maneuverability,
motorcycles offer an exciting and efficient means of travel.
a) The history of formation and development:
The history of motorcycles dates back to the late 19th century when inventors began
experimenting with motorized bicycles. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach
developed a gasoline-powered motorcycle, marking a significant milestone in the evolution
of these two-wheeled machines. Since then, motorcycles have undergone technological
advancements, leading to the creation of diverse models catering to different riding
preferences.
b) Advantages of motorcycles:
The first, cost-effectiveness: Motorcycles are known for their cost-effectiveness. They
are generally more affordable to purchase, insure, and maintain compared to cars. The initial
cost of buying a motorcycle is typically lower than that of a car, and insurance premiums for
motorcycles are often cheaper as well. Additionally, motorcycles tend to have better fuel
efficiency, which means lower fuel costs and overall savings in the long run. With rising fuel
prices, motorcycles offer a more economical mode of transportation.
The second, maneuverability: One of the key advantages of motorcycles is their
superior maneuverability. Due to their smaller size and lighter weight, motorcycles can
easily navigate through traffic congestion and tight spaces. They have the ability to weave
through cars and take advantage of gaps in traffic, resulting in quicker travel times,
especially in urban areas where traffic congestion is a common issue. This maneuverability
also allows riders to explore alternative routes or shortcuts that may not be accessible to
larger vehicles, further saving time and avoiding delays.
The third, parking convenience: Another advantage of motorcycles is their parking
convenience. They require significantly less space to park compared to cars, making it easier
to find parking spots, particularly in crowded urban areas where parking can be a challenge.
Motorcycles can fit into small spaces, such as gaps between cars or designated motorcycle
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parking areas. Some cities even offer free or discounted parking for motorcycles, further
enhancing their convenience.
The four, environmental friendliness: Motorcycles have relatively lower carbon
emissions compared to cars, contributing to their environmental friendliness. The smaller
engines and lighter weight of motorcycles result in reduced fuel consumption and lower
greenhouse gas emissions. This helps to mitigate air pollution and minimize the
environmental impact of transportation. Additionally, the emergence of electric motorcycles
further enhances their environmental friendliness by offering zero tailpipe emissions.
Finally, fun and freedom: Riding a motorcycle provides a sense of freedom, adventure,
and enjoyment for many riders. The open-air experience, the connection with the road, and
the thrill of maneuvering a two-wheeled vehicle can be exhilarating. Motorcycling is often
seen as a recreational activity as well, with riders exploring scenic routes, participating in
group rides, or simply enjoying the freedom of the open road. The joy and sense of liberation
associated with motorcycles add to their overall appeal.
c) In addition to the advantages, motorcycles also have the following disadvantages:
The first, limited carrying capacity: Motorcycles generally have limited carrying
capacity compared to cars. They have limited storage space and are not designed for
transporting large or bulky items. This can be a disadvantage when you need to carry
groceries, luggage, or other sizable loads. While there are options like adding storage
accessories or using saddlebags, the overall capacity remains significantly lower than that of
a car.
The second, exposure to weather and road conditions: Riding a motorcycle can be
challenging and uncomfortable in adverse weather conditions. Rain, strong winds, and
extreme temperatures can significantly affect the rider's comfort and safety. Wet roads can
reduce traction, increasing the risk of skidding and accidents. Unlike car drivers who are
shielded from the elements, motorcyclists have to contend with the direct impact of weather
conditions, which can make riding more dangerous and less enjoyable.
The third, higher risk of accidents and injuries: Motorcycles are more vulnerable on the

road compared to cars. They offer less stability and protection in the event of a collision or
accident. Motorcyclists are at a higher risk of severe injuries or fatalities due to their lack of
external safety features and the potential for being thrown off the bike.
Finally, noise and emissions: Some motorcycles, particularly those with louder exhaust
systems, can contribute to noise pollution. This can be disruptive to both riders and the
surrounding community. Additionally, older motorcycles or those with poorly maintained
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engines may emit higher levels of exhaust emissions, contributing to air pollution. However,
advancements in emission control technology have helped reduce the environmental impact
of motorcycles in recent years.
In summary, motorcycles offer advantages such as fuel efficiency, maneuverability,
and lower costs. However, it is important to consider the disadvantages, including traffic
safety concerns, limited comfort for long rides, seating and cargo limitations, and
vulnerability to adverse weather conditions. Motorcycle riders should adhere to traffic
regulations, prioritize safety gear, and exercise caution on the road to ensure their own safety
and the safety of others.
3. Bus
The bus, a vital mode of transportation in many parts of the world, has a rich and
diverse history. From its humble beginnings to the present day, buses have played a
significant role in connecting communities, facilitating travel, and shaping urban landscapes.
a) The history of formation and development:
In the early 1800s, horse-drawn buses were introduced as a form of public
transportation. These buses consisted of a carriage pulled by horses and provided a means
for people to travel within cities. By the mid-19th century, steam-powered buses made their
appearance. These buses utilized steam engines for propulsion, offering a more efficient
mode of transportation compared to horse-drawn vehicles. In the late 19th century and early
20th century, electric trolleybuses emerged as an alternative to steam and horse-drawn buses.
These buses were powered by electricity supplied through overhead lines, providing a

cleaner and quieter method of transport. The development of the internal combustion engine
in the late 19th century revolutionized the bus industry. Motorized buses, initially running on
gasoline, later transitioning to diesel fuel, became the dominant form of public
transportation. They offered increased speed, reliability, and passenger capacity. Throughout
the 20th century, buses underwent continual modernization and expansion. Improved
designs, features, and technologies were introduced, including larger seating capacities,
better suspensions, heating and air conditioning systems, and accessibility accommodations.
In the mid-20th century, articulated buses with a flexible joint connecting two sections were
introduced. These buses provided increased passenger capacity while maintaining
maneuverability on city streets.
b) Advantages of buses:
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Firstly, one of the major advantages of using the bus as a mode of transportation is its
cost-effectiveness. Bus fares are generally lower compared to the expenses associated with
owning and maintaining a private vehicle. By opting for bus travel, you can save money on
fuel costs, parking fees, tolls, maintenance, and insurance.
Secondly, buses are considered a more environmentally friendly option compared to
individual cars. When a large number of people commute by bus instead of driving their own
vehicles, it significantly reduces carbon emissions and helps to combat air pollution. This
collective effort in choosing public transportation contributes to a greener and healthier
environment.
Thirdly, the use of buses plays a significant role in reducing traffic congestion on busy
roads. By encouraging people to utilize public transportation, the number of cars on the road
decreases, leading to smoother traffic flow and less time wasted in traffic jams. This not only
benefits bus commuters but also improves overall traffic conditions for everyone.
Finally, taking the bus allows you to relax and leave the driving responsibilities to the
bus operator. Instead of dealing with the stress of navigating through traffic or finding
parking spaces, you can sit back, read a book, listen to music, or even catch up on work

during your journey. This provides a much-needed break and reduces the overall stress
associated with commuting.
c) In addition to the advantages, buses also have the following disadvantages:
Firstly, buses generally operate on fixed routes and schedules. This lack of flexibility
may not suit individuals with specific time constraints or those requiring direct
transportation to their exact destinations. Passengers may need to plan their journeys around
bus timetables, which may not always align with their preferred travel times.
Secondly, during peak hours, buses can become crowded, especially in urban areas.
Standing room only or cramped seating conditions may be uncomfortable for passengers.
Additionally, overcrowding can lead to longer boarding and alighting times, potentially
causing delays and increasing travel time.
Thirdly, buses are public spaces, and passengers may have limited personal space or
privacy during their journey. This lack of privacy can make it difficult to engage in activities
that require concentration or confidentiality.
Finally, while buses are generally safe, instances of theft or petty crime can occur,
especially in crowded or poorly monitored areas. It is important for passengers to remain
vigilant and take necessary precautions to ensure their belongings are secure.

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In conclusion, although the bus has many advantages and disadvantages, it still plays
an important role in the public transportation system of many cities and remains a popular
choice for daily commuting for many people.
4. Subway
a) The history of formation and development:
Regarding the subway’s definition, Subway, also called underground, tube, or métro,
underground railway system used to transport large numbers of passengers within urban and
suburban areas. Subways are usually built under city streets for ease of construction, but they
may take shortcuts and sometimes must pass under rivers. Outlying sections of a system

usually emerge aboveground, becoming conventional railways or elevated transit lines.
Subway trains are usually made up of a number of cars operated on the multiple-unit system.
In terms of the origin of the subway, the first subway system was proposed for London
by Charles Pearson, a city solicitor, as part of a city-improvement plan shortly after the
opening of the Thames Tunnel in 1843. After 10 years of discussion, Parliament authorized
the construction of 3.75 miles (6 km) of underground railway between Farringdon Street and
Bishop’s Road, Paddington. Work on the Metropolitan Railway began in 1860 by cut-andcover methods. On January 10, 1863, the line was a success from its opening, carrying 9.5
million passengers in the first year of its existence.
Many other cities followed London’s lead. For example: In Budapest a 2.5-mile (4-km)
electric subway was opened in 1896, using single cars with trolley poles; it was the first
subway on the European continent. In the United States, the first practical subway line was
constructed in Boston between 1895 and 1897. It was 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and at first used
trolley streetcars, or tramcars. In Canada Toronto opened a subway in 1954; a second system
was constructed in Montreal during the 1960s using Paris-type rubber-tired cars.
The well-known subway systems such as Seoul Metro (Seoul’s nine-line subway
system really wows with its high-tech features and creature comforts). London Underground
Railway (The world’s oldest underground railway, the Tube, which dates back to 1863,
rewards riders who have interests in history, design, and architecture (including 272 stations
and 250 miles of track gets about 4 million people from point A to point B every single day).
Tokyo Metro (With more than 100 stations covering an expanse of nearly 200 miles, the
Tokyo Metro can feel bewilderingly vast) ... et cetera.
b) Advantages of subways:

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Obviously, when using a car, we take into account car repairs, fuel, loan payments,
parking fees, insurance, taxes, and licensing, so we spend a large amount of money on them.
According to AAA reports, the average automobile driver spent over $9,000 in 2009
(over $24 per day), and that was before car loans were considered. On the other hand, subway

transportation is economical. Many subway systems offer an unlimited monthly pass for a
reasonable rate (Boston’s MBTA offers such a pass for only $59 in 2010). Some employees,
such as federal workers in Washington D.C., can be reimbursed for their subway transit costs.
In cities where congestion is an issue, subway travel is much quicker than other modes
of transportation. In this respect, subways even have the edge over public buses, as they can
avoid any street congestion by literally going underneath it. Subway travel also has other
conveniences. For instance, you won’t have to worry about auto maintenance or buses
breaking down.
Although subway accidents make for sensational news stories, they are actually quite
safe. According to publictransportation.org, ditching the car and taking public transit saves
200,000 deaths every year. If you are worried about subways becoming potential terror
targets, many subway systems now feature state-of-the-art cameras and chemical sensors for
your safety.
Subway travel is extremely green. Not only is it more environmentally friendly than
automobile travel, but it also has the advantage over public bus systems, as subways do not
emit harmful exhaust fumes into the air.
c) In addition to the advantages, subways also have the following disadvantages:
Subway trains make a lot of noise, not only when they are arriving and departing but
also when they are idling on the tracks as passengers get on and off. In addition, passengers
are exposed to dangerously high decibel levels during their ride, which in some cases can be
even louder than the sounds they're exposed to on the platforms. For example, researchers at
Columbia University in 2006 found that passengers in New York subways had routine
exposure to sounds in excess of 80 decibels. Over an extended period of time, this noise has
the potential to permanently damage hearing.
In most cities, subway systems are used by tens of thousands of people every day and
crowding is a real issue -- especially at peak times. People who get nervous or anxious when
crowded in a tight space may prefer other forms of transportation, and overcrowded subway
platforms create a major public danger. Researchers at the China Academy of Safety Science
and Technology showed in a 2009 study that evacuation times for subway stations were
dangerously high and that an emergency situation could lead to a high human death toll.

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Pickpocketing, muggings, and assaults occur in subway systems around the world.
While closed-circuit cameras, security guards and a heavier police presence can combat these
problems, the resources do not exist to outfit every subway station in a municipal system with
these safeguards, leaving passengers vulnerable to these threats. In some major cities around
the world, crime in subways continues to trend up, with many municipalities lacking the
resources to beef up security and policing in their city's subway stations.
Being in close proximity to other people and touching surfaces that thousands of other
people touch during the course of a day can lead to the spread of bacteria and viruses. You
can mitigate these risks by practicing proper hand sanitation, but even the most careful
passenger can still pick up an infectious disease on the subway. A controlled Columbia
University study in 2005 showed that people who travel in automobiles have a much lower
risk of contracting an infectious disease than people who regularly take the subway.
5. Aeroplane
a) The history of formation and development:
The Wright Brothers were two American brothers, including Orville Wright (August
19, 1871 - January 30, 1948) and Wilbur Wright (April 16, 1867 - May 30, 1912), who were
early experimenters. a successful first for airplane flight.
The Wright brothers co-founded the Wright Flyer, a one of a kind aircraft in history
made on December 17, 1903 at Kill Devil Hill, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA. Each
brother made two trips that day. Orville's first attempt lasted 12 seconds and reached about
36.5 meters (120 ft). Wilbur's final attempt lasted 59 seconds and covered 296 meters.[1]
The plane at that time was called Flyer I. It had a wing of about 12 meters and weighed more
than 300 kg, with a 12 horsepower engine. It is currently preserved at the Smithsonian
National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C …
Although the plane could not take off on its own and had to rely on a heavy material
launcher to fall and when it took off, the right wing moved in the direction of the wind, this
event caused a stir. very big argument. The genius of the two Wright brothers turned the

ancient dream of humanity into reality.
The Wright brothers founded an aircraft company. But then there was fierce
competition with other aircraft dealers, plus Wilbur got sick and passed away, so Orville
sold the Wright aircraft manufacturer for the lowest price.
b) Advantages of aeroplanes:

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Besides trucks, motorbikes... - common means of transporting goods, airplanes are one
of the outstanding forms of delivery with many advantages. Specifically:
High speed: The first plus point is the super fast delivery speed. Airplanes are a means
of transport with a speed of about 800 – 1000 km/h - many times higher than other means of
transportation.
High safety: Extremely strict cargo transportation and delivery procedures help ensure
maximum safety. In addition, the risk of air travel is extremely low. Therefore, transporting
goods by plane ensures maximum safety.
Minimize unwanted losses: Incidents such as breakage, damage or theft... will rarely
occur when delivering by plane.
On-time service: Fast delivery speed helps ensure the progress of goods. Therefore,
transporting goods by plane is often quick and on time.
Low transportation insurance premiums: Because aircraft have few risks, insurance
costs are also lower.
Transporting goods by plane is a modern form of transporting goods. This is a fast
shipping service but at the same time the cost is quite high. An important point to note when
using this service is that not all items can be transported by plane. The following items are
commonly transported by plane: Air mail, express mail, Live animals and remains,
Perishable goods (food, fresh flowers, goods marinated in dry ice), Valuable items (gold,
diamonds...).
c) In addition to the advantages, aeroplanes also have the following disadvantages:

Although there are many outstanding priorities, transporting goods by air also has the
most restrictive regimes. With this unit, businesses also encounter many difficulties such as:
High costs: when an order chooses to transport goods by air, businesses need to bear
costs such as airline fees, airport fees, customs clearance fees, etc. Therefore, costs will often
be high. than other means.
Capacity limit: although the aircraft has a large capacity, the formula has limitations on
the aircraft's maximum capacity, cargo tank size, and where it can be mounted on the
aircraft. Therefore, goods will be limited in volume and size to ensure safety during the
conversion process.
Complex procedures and customs: using air freight services Requires meeting complex
international customs procedures depending on the country such as goods registration, goods
inspection, packaging, etc. put into warehouse, ... Time and cost to complete these
procedures are also cheap.
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Depends on weather factors: if weather conditions are unfavorable, it can lead to flight
delays or cancellations, affecting the production and business processes of businesses.
Some products are restricted due to specificity: certain types of goods such as banned
substances, explosives, toxic substances, etc. will be prohibited from being transported by air
for security and safety reasons. for passengers and other goods. Therefore, you need to refer
to the list of prohibited goods to avoid being fined and affecting the reputation of your
business.
6. Animals
a) The history of formation and development:
As you know, transportation with the help of animals of human beings and luggage has
been used extensively since the dawn of human history. The first form of transport was, of
course, the human foot! However, people eventually learned to use animals for
transportation. They are also called pack animals. Donkeys and horses were probably
domesticated between 4,000 and 3,000 BC (obviously the exact date is not known). Camels

were domesticated slightly later between 3,000 and 2,000 BC. Moreover, from the beginning
of the sixteenth century, a new type of body—a box slung on wheels, or coach—was
invented, but it was not popular at that time because of the rough roads. Until before the
1830s, walking remained the most common mode of human transportation, but throughout
the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries people increasingly used animals to carry
goods and themselves over land. They are also used for agriculture, and even in military
missions. Horses and other animals were used to pull wheeled vehicles, chariots, carts,
wagons and horses were increasingly used for riding in the Near East. In 1832, people
invented horsecar, street carriage on rails, pulled by horse or mule, and it held 30 passengers.
In the last hundred years, the use of fuel-powered vehicles for transportation purposes
has been increased, pack animals have now been replaced by motorized vehicles
or bicycles in most areas. However, using animals for transport are still appropriate in some
specific contexts, such as: where there are no abilities or skill to repair motor vehicles or
where the terrain does not permit motorized vehicles - especially very rough terrain, narrow
mountain tracks or regions of the desert, snowy areas.
b) Advantages of animals:
To start with advantages, pack animals can be used in largely inaccessible areas where
they are more agile than motorized vehicles. The horse, donkey, Llama, for example, is used

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in mountainous areas with narrow and meandering paths and steep cliffs. The camel is well
adapted for deserts. The sled dog is used in areas where are always covered with snow.
Second, animals are cheap to maintain. They attract very little maintenance costs since
only feeding costs are incurred. While motorized vehicles are costly to maintain as they
require fuel which can be in the form of diesel, gas, or biofuel so that they keep running. On
the other hand, most of animals only need water and grass supply for making them move
with your baggage.
Third, animals are safe as accidents are rare probably because they do not speed. For

example, the average speed of a camel is around 3-5 miles per hour. A donkey will keep a
pace of about 4 to 5 miles per hour when carrying weight. So it is very difficult to have an
accident.
Last but not least, animals help to maintain the ecological balance since they do not
interfere with the environment. Currently, we almost use motorized vehicles which cause a
negative influence on the environment. Motor vehicles release nitrogen dioxide, carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Nitrogen dioxide is a cause of acid rain and
increases the growth of algae. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas capable of causing death
in large doses and headaches, loss of breath and nausea is smaller doses. Carbon dioxide is a
major contributor to global warming. However, animal transport is absolutely friendly with
environment.
c) In addition to the advantages, animals also have the following disadvantages:
To start with disadvantages, people can depend on animals as your means of
transportation. Animal transport is slow and tedious. It is true that animals need food and
drink along the way, they also need to rest when they get tired. For example, donkeys are
stubborn when they are tired and heavily loaded.
Second, some animals might carry diseases and it is important to regularly check their
health condition. They also may be attacked by wild animals, disease-causing insects such as
tsetse-flies…
Next, the kind of animals for transportation sometimes depends on the climatic
conditions. Exactly, we can’t transport goods in bad weather such as rainy, stormy, typhoon,
… Therefore, goods and supplies which were carried by animals can easily go bad. In
addition to that, animal transport’s movement is limited during the day only and cannot be
used at night. Because there is not enough light for animals to see the way.
Last but not least, animals can only carry a very small load compared to vehicles. A
matured donkey can carry around 60 kilograms, or about 20% of it’s body weight. Camels
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have a max weight load of nearly 500 kilograms. Meanwhile, a truck can load thousands of

tons of goods. Therefore, motorized vehicles can load much more goods than animals.

III. CONCLUSION
We’ve just talked about popular means of transport all over the world, including
Bicycle, Motorcycle, Bus, Subway, Aeroplanes, Animals. When speaking of a transport, we
analyze carefully types of transport around the world, following different aspects such as
cost, impacts on environment, … et cetera. Through our presentation, you can broaden the
knowledge about the transports.
We’ve finished our presentation. Do you have any questions about our topic? All
comments are welcome.

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