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1
ATTACHMENT 4
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
CARD Project 017/06VIE - Sustainable community-based forest
development and management in some high-poverty areas
in Bac Kan Province
Report on a Training Course
Forest Development for Income Generation
18 June – 21 June 2008
by
Khongsak Pinyopusarerk and Tran Thi Thu Ha
July 2008
2
Introduction
As part of CARD Project 017/06VIE – Sustainable community-based forest development
and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province, a training course in
“forest development for income generation” was conducted for villagers from the four
project pilot villages of Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng (Van Minh Commune) and To Dooc
and Ban Sang (Lang San Commune) in Na Ri district during the period 18-21 June 2008.
In addition to the villagers, commune leaders and representatives from Bac Kan Forest
Protection Department (FPD) were invited to attend and contribute to discussion on
government policies and regulations related to plantation development.
There is an increasing interest in plantations and tree-planting among local communities
in Na Ri and elsewhere. The main objective of this training was to raise the awareness of
participants on some important technical aspects in plantation establishment in order to
maximise the yield and thus income. Non-technical issues such as institution and benefit
sharing and government regulations were also addressed so that villagers interested in
this venture have a better understanding of government policies and regulations on
plantation development.
The course was conducted jointly by Mr Khongsak Pinyopusarerk (CSIRO) and Dr Tran
Thi Thu Ha (TUAF) at Van Minh commune centre for Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng
villagers, and at Lang San commune centre for To Dooc and Ban Sang villagers. At each
commune the course was run for 2 days. The first day was for lectures using powerpoint
slides (already translated into Vietnamese language). On the second day, participants
visited plantations to gain hands-on experience in pruning and thinning. The list of
participants is given in Attachments 1-2. The training PowerPoint slides are presented in
Attachments 3.
The lectures covered the following.
1. General introduction
The presentation in the first session was focused on the pro and con of plantations as
against natural forests. A strong message to participants was the importance of using seed
of good genetic quality. This was supported by many photos showing differences in the
performance of plantation-grown trees from good quality seed and poor quality seed. We
also spent time to discuss MARD’s decision prohibiting use of seed collected from first-
generation acacia hybrids because of poor results (segregation effect); trees are a mixture
of original parents and generally very variable as already evident in many acacia hybrid
plantations in the district. Only rooted cuttings should be used for acacia hybrid
plantations. It was pleasantly surprised when one villager asked for advice on how to
select trees suitable for seed collection and the method and time for collecting seed.
2. Production of high quality seedlings
In this session, essential steps in nursery operation at villager level were discussed. The
ultimate goal of nursery operation is production of high quality seedlings, i.e. healthy
seedlings of optimum size. Under the guidance from Bac Kan extension officer villagers
3
have been able to raise in total more than 150,000 seedlings of Acacia and Manglietia
species. However, a common problem across all four village nurseries was inadequate
weeding. This issue was discussed with key villagers responsible for nursery
maintenance.
3. Establishment of plantation
Plantations can be in various forms from small to large plot, as pure species or as part of
agroforestry system. All kinds of plantations however have similar things to do to ensure
the highest productivity. The main topic covered under this session included: site
preparation (ground clearing, soil cultivation), out-planting (planting time, planting
density, planting holes, planting seedlings), tending (protection, fertilization, pruning,
thinning), and harvesting.
4. Enrichment planting
Enrichment planting is another form of plantation establishment except it is done without
clearing the entire site. Instead this method involves planting to fill the gaps in poorly
regenerated natural forest. Enrichment planting has already been practised in Na Ri by
many households. Similar to normal plantations, the importance of good quality
seedlings, good site preparation, good out-planting and good maintenance was
emphasised in this session.
5. Institution and benefit sharing, payment for environmental services
Plantations to be established on community forest lands require joint effort from all
village members. Such cooperation is a prerequisite for benefit sharing. Dr Tran Thi Thu
Ha led the presentation in this session and reminded villagers of the need to respect the
approved CFM guidelines and sensible use of CFM funds. Although CFM regulations are
already in place in all four project villages, support from local authorities, and district and
provincial FPDs is still needed to ensure the CF lands are well protected (from animal
grazing and illegal logging) and forest development can be accomplished.
A new scheme known as “Payment for environmental services” was introduced to
villagers. This scheme acknowledges financial value of nature and ensures that those who
benefit from environmental goods and services pay for those who provide these services.
For example, downstream users of clean water pay those who manage upstream forests.
Well protected community forest may be entitled to this benefit if the economic value
meets the criteria.
Representatives from Bac Kan FPD notified a new government regulation concerning
forest plantation establishment. The new law on forest protection and development
require that villagers wish to establish plantation greater than 0.2 ha must submit an
application and provide a map of the proposed planting area which has to be verified by
district FPD official. This law is an effort to prevent land owners from clearing good
natural forest for new plantation.
4
General Discussion
It was very pleasing to witness active participation from villagers, commune leaders and
authorities and representatives from Bac Kan Forest Protection Department during the
training. The training is considered successful in many ways. It has raised the awareness
of local and provincial authorities on the importance of many technical aspects.
Plantation development is a process. It must start with correct choice of suitable species,
to be followed by use of good quality seed and production of good quality seedlings.
Subsequently planting must be carried out with due consideration to good site
preparation, good planting method and finally good tending.
5
Appendix 1
Participants at Forest Development Training
Location: Van Minh Commune, Na Ri District, Bac Kan Province
18-19/6/2008
No Full name Sex Position
1 Nong Quoc Truong M Vice-director of Forest Protection and
Management Division, Bac Kan FPD
2 Le Xuan Dieu M Bac Kan FPD
3 Hoang Anh Tuan M Kim Hy Nature Reserve
4 Luc Van Hue M Vice-chairman, Van Minh Commune
5 Nong Van Tap M Administrator, Van Minh Commune
6 Ly Thi Xuyen F Land Administration, Van Minh
Commune
7 Hoang Thi Thu F Extension worker, Van Minh Commune
8 Hoang Thi Uyen F Chairperson of Women’s Union, Van
Minh Commune
9 Hoang Van Dieu M Officer, Van Minh commune
10 Hoang Thi Hien F Extension worker
11 Luc Van Bang M Na Muc villager
12 Luc Van Cao M “
13 Luc Van Hau M “
14 Luc Van Hoai M “
15 Luc Van Ninh M “
16 Luc Van Son M “
17 Luc Van Duy M “
18 Luc Van Luyen M “
19 Luc Van Khue M “
20 Luc Thi Huan F “
21 Nong thi Soi F “
22 Nong Thi Gam F “
23 Pham Thi Men F “
25 Ma Thi Thuan F “
25 Dang Thi Hoi F “
26 Dam Van Duong M Khuoi Lieng villager
27 Dam Van Dong M “
28 Dam Quang Trung M “
29 Dam Van Tien M “
30 Dam Van Mon M “
31 Nguyen Thi Mao F “
32 Dam Chi Cuong M “
33 Nguyen Van Tro M “
34 Ban Thi Tam F “
35 Ban Van Duc M “
36 Dam Van Huan M “
6
37 Hoang Thi Nguyen F “
38 Nong Van Thai M “
39 Ban Thi Vuong F “
40 Hoang Van Son M “
41 Duong Van Thao M TUAF
42 Nguyen Thi Hoa F TUAF
43 Tran Thi Thu Ha F TUAF
44 Khongsak Pinyopusarerk M CSIRO
7
Appendix 2
Participants at Forest Development Training
Location: Lang San Commune, Na Ri District, Bac Kan Province
20-21/6/2008
No Full name Sex Position
1 Le Xuan Dieu M Bac Kan FPD
2 Hoang Anh Tuan M Kim Hy Nature Reserve
3 Nong Van Tam M Chairman, Lang San Commune
4 Dam Van Huan M Vice-chairman, Lang San Commune
5 Hoang Van Hoat M Secretary of Party
6 Pham Van Phung M Vice-chairman of People’s committee
Board
7 Ban Duc Thuan M Vice-chairman of People’s committee
Board
8 Ban Nhu Moc M Head of Farmers’ Union
9 Hoang Minh Quang M Secretary of Young’s Union
10 Hoang Thi Thanh F Chairperson of Women’s Union
11 Leo Thi Tien F Commune Officer
12 Nong Van Thinh M Extension worker
13 Tran Van Nam M To Dooc villager
14 Tran Van Chung M “
15 Hoang Van Dinh M “
16 Ha Thi Nguyen F “
17 Tran Van Manh M “
18 Tran Van Bang M “
19 Luc Van Bac M “
20 Tran Van Luc M “
21 Hoang Van Loi M “
22 Luc Thi Di F “
23 Ban Thi Coi F “
25 Tran Van Quan M “
25 Hoang Van Vy M Ban Sang villager
26 Hoang Van Huong M “
27 Dam Van Truong M “
28 Hoang Van Tan M “
29 Hoang Van Nong M “
30 Hoang Van Mao M “
31 Hoang Van Vu M “
32 Sam Van Duong M “
33 Chu Thi Luong F “
34 Hoang Thi Tuyen F “
35 Duong Van Thao M TUAF
36 Nguyen Thi Hoa F TUAF
37 Tran Thi Thu Ha F TUAF
38 Khongsak Pinyopusarerk M CSIRO
8
Appendix 3
Presentation 1
9
10
Presentation 2
Village Nursery
11
12
13
14
Presentation 3
Plantation establishment
15
16
17
18
19
Presentation 4
Institution and Benefit Sharing
20
21
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
CARD Project 017/06VIE - Sustainable community-based forest
development and management in some high-poverty areas
in Bac Kan Province
Report on a Training Course
Forest Development for Income Generation
18 June – 21 June 2008
by
Khongsak Pinyopusarerk and Tran Thi Thu Ha
July 2008
22
Introduction
As part of CARD Project 017/06VIE – Sustainable community-based forest development
and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province, a training course in
“forest development for income generation” was conducted for villagers from the four
project pilot villages of Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng (Van Minh Commune) and To Dooc
and Ban Sang (Lang San Commune) in Na Ri district during the period 18-21 June 2008.
In addition to the villagers, commune leaders and representatives from Bac Kan Forest
Protection Department (FPD) were invited to attend and contribute to discussion on
government policies and regulations related to plantation development.
There is an increasing interest in plantations and tree-planting among local communities
in Na Ri and elsewhere. The main objective of this training was to raise the awareness of
participants on some important technical aspects in plantation establishment in order to
maximise the yield and thus income. Non-technical issues such as institution and benefit
sharing and government regulations were also addressed so that villagers interested in
this venture have a better understanding of government policies and regulations on
plantation development.
The course was conducted jointly by Mr Khongsak Pinyopusarerk (CSIRO) and Dr Tran
Thi Thu Ha (TUAF) at Van Minh commune centre for Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng
villagers, and at Lang San commune centre for To Dooc and Ban Sang villagers. At each
commune the course was run for 2 days. The first day was for lectures using powerpoint
slides (already translated into Vietnamese language). On the second day, participants
visited plantations to gain hands-on experience in pruning and thinning. The list of
participants is given in Appendices 1-2. The training PowerPoint slides are presented in
Appendix 3.
The lectures covered the following.
1. General introduction
The presentation in the first session was focused on the pro and con of plantations as
against natural forests. A strong message to participants was the importance of using seed
of good genetic quality. This was supported by many photos showing differences in the
performance of plantation-grown trees from good quality seed and poor quality seed. We
also spent time to discuss MARD’s decision prohibiting use of seed collected from first-
generation acacia hybrids because of poor results (segregation effect); trees are a mixture
of original parents and generally very variable as already evident in many acacia hybrid
plantations in the district. Only rooted cuttings should be used for acacia hybrid
plantations. It was a pleasant surprised when one villager asked for advice on how to
select trees suitable for seed collection and the method and time for collecting seed.
2. Production of high quality seedlings
In this session, essential steps in nursery operation at villager level were discussed. The
ultimate goal of nursery operation is production of high quality seedlings, i.e. healthy
seedlings of optimum size. Under the guidance from Bac Kan extension officer villagers
23
have been able to raise in total more than 150,000 seedlings of
Acacia
and
Manglietia
species. However, a common problem across all four village nurseries was inadequate
weeding. This issue was discussed with key villagers responsible for nursery
maintenance.
3. Establishment of plantation
Plantations can be in various forms from small to large plot, as pure species or as part of
agroforestry system. All kinds of plantations however have similar things to do to ensure
the highest productivity. The main topic covered under this session included: site
preparation (ground clearing, soil cultivation), out-planting (planting time, planting
density, planting holes, planting seedlings), tending (protection, fertilization, pruning,
thinning), and harvesting.
4. Enrichment planting
Enrichment planting is another form of plantation establishment except it is done without
clearing the entire site. Instead this method involves planting to fill the gaps in poorly
regenerated natural forest. Enrichment planting has already been practised in Na Ri by
many households. Similar to normal plantations, the importance of good quality
seedlings, good site preparation, good out-planting and good maintenance was
emphasised in this session.
5. Institution and benefit sharing, payment for environmental services
Plantations to be established on community forest lands require joint effort from all
village members. Such cooperation is a prerequisite for benefit sharing. Dr Tran Thi Thu
Ha led the presentation in this session and reminded villagers of the need to respect the
approved CFM guidelines and sensible use of CFM funds. Although CFM regulations are
already in place in all four project villages, support from local authorities, and district and
provincial FPDs is still needed to ensure the CF lands are well protected (from animal
grazing and illegal logging) and forest development can be accomplished.
A new scheme known as “Payment for environmental services” was introduced to
villagers. This scheme acknowledges financial value of nature and ensures that those who
benefit from environmental goods and services pay for those who provide these services.
For example, downstream users of clean water pay those who manage upstream forests.
Well protected community forest may be entitled to this benefit if the economic value
meets the criteria.
Representatives from Bac Kan FPD notified a new government regulation concerning
forest plantation establishment. The new law on forest protection and development
require that villagers wish to establish plantation greater than 0.2 ha must submit an
application and provide a map of the proposed planting area which has to be verified by
district FPD official. This law is an effort to prevent land owners from clearing good
natural forest for new plantation.
24
General Discussion
It was very pleasing to witness active participation from villagers, commune leaders and
authorities and representatives from Bac Kan Forest Protection Department during the
training. The training is considered successful in many ways. It has raised the awareness
of local and provincial authorities on the importance of many technical aspects.
Plantation development is a process. It must start with correct choice of suitable species,
to be followed by use of good quality seed and production of good quality seedlings.
Subsequently planting must be carried out with due consideration to good site
preparation, good planting method and finally good tending.
25
Appendix 1
Participants at Forest Development Training
Location: Van Minh Commune, Na Ri District, Bac Kan Province
18-19/6/2008
No Full name Sex Position
1 Nong Quoc Truong M Vice-director of Forest Protection and
Management Division, Bac Kan FPD
2 Le Xuan Dieu M Bac Kan FPD
3 Hoang Anh Tuan M Kim Hy Nature Reserve
4 Luc Van Hue M Vice-chairman, Van Minh Commune
5 Nong Van Tap M Administrator, Van Minh Commune
6 Ly Thi Xuyen F Land Administration, Van Minh
Commune
7 Hoang Thi Thu F Extension worker, Van Minh Commune
8 Hoang Thi Uyen F Chairperson of Women’s Union, Van
Minh Commune
9 Hoang Van Dieu M Officer, Van Minh commune
10 Hoang Thi Hien F Extension worker
11 Luc Van Bang M Na Muc villager
12 Luc Van Cao M “
13 Luc Van Hau M “
14 Luc Van Hoai M “
15 Luc Van Ninh M “
16 Luc Van Son M “
17 Luc Van Duy M “
18 Luc Van Luyen M “
19 Luc Van Khue M “
20 Luc Thi Huan F “
21 Nong thi Soi F “
22 Nong Thi Gam F “
23 Pham Thi Men F “
25 Ma Thi Thuan F “
25 Dang Thi Hoi F “
26 Dam Van Duong M Khuoi Lieng villager
27 Dam Van Dong M “
28 Dam Quang Trung M “
29 Dam Van Tien M “
30 Dam Van Mon M “
31 Nguyen Thi Mao F “
32 Dam Chi Cuong M “
33 Nguyen Van Tro M “
34 Ban Thi Tam F “
35 Ban Van Duc M “
36 Dam Van Huan M “
