Báo cáo khoa học nông nghiệp " Better Management Practices in shrimp farming " potx

1
B
B
etter
etter
M
M
anagement
anagement
P
P
ractices
ractices
in shrimp farming
in shrimp farming
Flavio Corsin
2
Increasing
Increasing
challenges
challenges


Shrimp farming: successful till the 80s
Shrimp farming: successful till the 80s


Major source of livelihood/profits
Major source of livelihood/profits



90s major diseases begin to appear (e.g. WSD)
90s major diseases begin to appear (e.g. WSD)


Major impact on livelihood of small
Major impact on livelihood of small
-
-
scale producers
scale producers


Drugs & Chemicals (product quality)
Drugs & Chemicals (product quality)


Increasingly stringent standards
Increasingly stringent standards


Declining prices
Declining prices


Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation


Allegations for poor socio
Allegations for poor socio

-
-
economical sustainability
economical sustainability
3
Need for
Need for
better = more sustainable
better = more sustainable
ways to do shrimp farming!
ways to do shrimp farming!
4
Need for
Need for
sustainability
sustainability


FAO
FAO
CoC
CoC
for Responsible Fisheries (whole fisheries
for Responsible Fisheries (whole fisheries
sector)
sector)


Principles
Principles

for responsible shrimp farming
for responsible shrimp farming


Consortium program
Consortium program
(WB, NACA, WWF, FAO, UNEP,
(WB, NACA, WWF, FAO, UNEP,
…
…
)
)


Epidemiological (population
Epidemiological (population
-
-
based) investigations to
based) investigations to
identify risk factors for diseases
identify risk factors for diseases


DFID in Viet Nam and India (1997
DFID in Viet Nam and India (1997
-
-
2001)
2001)



ACIAR in India (2001)
ACIAR in India (2001)


B
B
etter
etter
M
M
anagement
anagement
P
P
ractices identified for India
ractices identified for India
5
BMP
BMP


BMP are practices that target:
BMP are practices that target:


Environment protection
Environment protection



Improved shrimp health/production
Improved shrimp health/production


Improved food safety
Improved food safety


Socio
Socio
-
-
economic sustainability
economic sustainability


Designed primarily for small
Designed primarily for small
-
-
scale farmers,
scale farmers,
although possible for any scale
although possible for any scale


Reduced diseases is the main incentive
Reduced diseases is the main incentive
6

Food
safety
Shrimp
Health
Earnings
Socio-economics
investment
Environment
Yield
Biomass
7
Markets
Markets
Food
safety
Shrimp
Health
Earnings
Socio-economics
investment
Environment
Yield
Biomass
Should I buy
these
shrimp?
8
Principles for
sustainable shrimp farming
Better Management Practices

Better Management Practices
Good Aquaculture Practices
Good Aquaculture Practices
Valid
regardless of
the species
or system
Specific to
the system
9
BMP history
BMP history


NACA/MPEDA Farm demonstration in India (2002)
NACA/MPEDA Farm demonstration in India (2002)


Gradual scaling up!
Gradual scaling up!


2004
2004
-
-
2005 NACA BMP projects in Viet Nam
2005 NACA BMP projects in Viet Nam



Several more projects:
Several more projects:


ACIAR in Indonesia & Thailand
ACIAR in Indonesia & Thailand


NACA, FAO, WWF in Indonesia (post
NACA, FAO, WWF in Indonesia (post
-
-
tsunami)
tsunami)


NACA in Iran
NACA in Iran


WWF in Viet Nam
WWF in Viet Nam


Government of Viet Nam
Government of Viet Nam


ACIAR BMP network
ACIAR BMP network



CARD, etc
CARD, etc
…
…
10
BMPs in India
BMPs in India


Started in 2002
Started in 2002


Government promoted (MPEDA)
Government promoted (MPEDA)


Aquaclubs
Aquaclubs
(farmer groups)
(farmer groups)


Contract Hatcheries
Contract Hatcheries


Thousands of farmers

Thousands of farmers
11
2003
Village
level
extension
1 Village
1 Aquaclub
58 farmers
108 ponds
58 Ha
22 tonnes
2004
Creek level
extension
6 Villages
7 Aquaclubs
130 farmers
254 ponds
173 Ha
40 tonnes
2002
Farm level
demonstr
ation
5 farmers
10 ponds
7 Ha
4 tonnes
2002

2001
Survey
365
ponds
Nellore
n
West
God.
Risk
factors
BMPs
2
0
0
3
Contract hatchery
Seed Production
BMPs in India
2
0
0
5
AP
KA
GU
2005
State level
expansion
3 States
19 Aquaclubs

736 farmers
1187 ponds
663 Ha
672 tonnes
Expansion to
other states
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
6
AP
KA
OR
GU
TN
Expansion to 5
states
2006
5 States
28 Aquaclubs
730 farmers
1370 ponds
813 Ha
870 t
2007-08
5 Coastal

states
164 Societies
4903 farmers
5170 ha
2007+
NaCSA
Establishment of
NaCSA
Source N.R. Umesh, NaCSA
12
i. Reduced Disease Risks ii. Improved
i. Reduced Disease Risks ii. Improved
profitability
profitability
Year
Year
BMP
BMP
ponds
ponds
Non
Non
BMP
BMP
+
+
2003
2003
82%
82%

89%
89%
+7%
+7%
2004
2004
37%
37%
52%
52%
+20%
+20%
2005
2005
15%
15%
42%
42%
+27%
+27%
2006
2006
17%
17%
44%
44%
+27%
+27%
0
100

200
300
400
500
600
2006 2005 2004
Demo
Non-Demo
• Crop Calendar, Same time stocking with
optimal density
• Quality seed through Contract Hatcheries
• Cooperation among farmers
BMPs in India
– Efficient use of resources (feed).
– Reduced chemical use
– Sharing of expenses
– Easier loans
– Food safety & traceability
– Links with market
1 US$= 42 INR
Source N.R. Umesh, NaCSA
13
BMP in Viet Nam
BMP in Viet Nam
(NACA)
(NACA)


Started in 2004
Started in 2004



Danida
Danida
-
-
funded project: 5 provinces
funded project: 5 provinces


NAFIQAVED developed GAP
NAFIQAVED developed GAP


Practices identified using experience from the region
Practices identified using experience from the region
(India) & within VN
(India) & within VN


System specific, practical &
System specific, practical &
affordable
affordable
by farmers
by farmers


Working with small
Working with small

-
-
scale farmers
scale farmers


Promote disease control, food safety & reduced
Promote disease control, food safety & reduced
environmental pollution
environmental pollution
14
BMP in Viet Nam
BMP in Viet Nam


Semi
Semi
-
-
intensive farming
intensive farming


Support farmers to:
Support farmers to:


Prepare the pond better
Prepare the pond better



Check seed quality at stocking (WSSV, general health)
Check seed quality at stocking (WSSV, general health)


Monitor pond bottom, water quality and shrimp health
Monitor pond bottom, water quality and shrimp health


Improve biosecurity during production
Improve biosecurity during production


Keep records
Keep records


Better management of heath problems
Better management of heath problems
(reduce chemical use)
(reduce chemical use)


Support implementation at every level (also extension
Support implementation at every level (also extension
workers, local and national authorities)
workers, local and national authorities)
15
BMP dissemination
BMP dissemination



Farmers meetings
Farmers meetings


Regular pond visits
Regular pond visits


Training extension workers
Training extension workers


Training volunteer Ext Workers
Training volunteer Ext Workers


Extension material
Extension material


Leaflets (10 steps)
Leaflets (10 steps)


Booklets
Booklets



Pond books
Pond books
16
Promoting
Promoting
farmer groups
farmer groups


Collaboration
Collaboration


Reduce costs: WSSV testing of PL
Reduce costs: WSSV testing of PL


Improve water management
Improve water management


Reduce disease spread
Reduce disease spread


Volunteer extension workers
Volunteer extension workers


Key to BMPs dissemination

Key to BMPs dissemination


Help other farmers
Help other farmers
17


Farmers accepted BMPs
Farmers accepted BMPs


Evaluation at the end of cycle (questionnaire)
Evaluation at the end of cycle (questionnaire)


Indicators of BMP implementation
Indicators of BMP implementation


Removing soil before stocking
Removing soil before stocking


Not
Not
ploughing
ploughing
if acid soil
if acid soil



Testing PL for WSSV
Testing PL for WSSV


Result of BMP application
Result of BMP application


Reduced the risk of mortality (x1.4 to x1.7)
Reduced the risk of mortality (x1.4 to x1.7)


Improved production per ha (x2 to x4)
Improved production per ha (x2 to x4)


Doubled probability of making a profit
Doubled probability of making a profit
BMP implementation
BMP implementation
18
BMP for all links
BMP for all links


BMP for hatcheries
BMP for hatcheries



6 pilots in 2 provinces
6 pilots in 2 provinces


Similar production to non
Similar production to non
-
-
BMP
BMP


Better quality (no antibiotics; tested
Better quality (no antibiotics; tested
for pathogens,
for pathogens,
…
…
)
)


Better price by farmers
Better price by farmers


BMP for broodstock suppliers
BMP for broodstock suppliers



BMP for seed middlemen
BMP for seed middlemen
19
BMP/GAP
BMP/GAP
Harmonization
Harmonization


BMP incorporated into
BMP incorporated into
GAP (NAFIQAVED)
GAP (NAFIQAVED)
extension documents
extension documents


Intensive farming
Intensive farming


Semi
Semi
-
-
intensive farming
intensive farming



BMP disseminated also to
BMP disseminated also to
other projects in VN
other projects in VN
20
BMP in Viet Nam
BMP in Viet Nam
(WWF)
(WWF)


Started in 2007
Started in 2007


CaMau
CaMau
prov
prov
. (1/4 production, 40% area)
. (1/4 production, 40% area)


Training for extension workers in farmer group
Training for extension workers in farmer group
establishment & management
establishment & management


6

6
cooperative:
cooperative:
>100
>100
farmers
farmers


QuangNam
QuangNam
prov
prov
.
.


Wetland Alliance Program (Swedish
Wetland Alliance Program (Swedish
-
-
funded)
funded)


13 groups: 158 farmers
13 groups: 158 farmers


Soc Trang

Soc Trang
prov
prov
. (linked to MRC/RIA2 project)
. (linked to MRC/RIA2 project)


15 groups; 278 farmers
15 groups; 278 farmers
21
BMP in Viet Nam
BMP in Viet Nam


Farmers
Farmers
’
’
benefits
benefits


Improved production
Improved production


Better technical expertise
Better technical expertise



Better cooperation
Better cooperation


Increased bargaining power
Increased bargaining power


Better access to credit (farmer funds)
Better access to credit (farmer funds)


Interest (farmers & local
Interest (farmers & local
govt
govt
) to expand activities
) to expand activities


Exploring challenges and opportunities for certification
Exploring challenges and opportunities for certification
(Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue)
(Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue)


Developing links with the market
Developing links with the market



Collaboration with WWF Denmark & buyers
Collaboration with WWF Denmark & buyers
22
Conclusions
Conclusions
 BMP & farmer groups are the solution for small-scale
farmers


Monodon is arguably the only possible species
Monodon is arguably the only possible species


Declining prices
Declining prices


Solution?
Solution?


BMP products are better
BMP products are better


Markets request better products (better price/market access)
Markets request better products (better price/market access)


Need for traceability! Possible if farmers are clustered

Need for traceability! Possible if farmers are clustered


Use WWF influence on consumers/retailers
Use WWF influence on consumers/retailers
23
Thank you
Thank you