Báo cáo khoa học nông nghiệp " Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using GAP principles for seed and seedling production and superior hybrid varieties " MS5 ppt

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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development

CARD Project Progress Report



025/06
Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using
GAP principles for seed and seedling production and
superior hybrid varieties


MS5: 3
rd
SIX MONTHLY REPORT AND TECHNICAL
ATTACHMENTS









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Table of Contents

1. Institute Information ___________________________________________________ 1
2. Project Abstract _______________________________________________________ 2
3. Executive Summary ____________________________________________________ 2
4. Introduction & Background _____________________________________________ 2
5. Progress to Date _______________________________________________________ 3
5.1 Implementation Highlights ________________________________________________ 3
5.2 Smallholder Benefits______________________________________________________ 5
5.3 Capacity Building ________________________________________________________ 5
5.4 Publicity________________________________________________________________ 5
5.5 Project Management _____________________________________________________ 5
6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues___________________________________________ 5
6.1 Environment ____________________________________________________________ 5
6.2 Gender and Social Issues __________________________________________________ 5
7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues ____________________________________ 6
7.1 Issues and Constraints ____________________________________________________ 6
7.2 Options_________________________________________________________________ 6
7.3 Sustainability____________________________________________________________ 6
8. Next Critical Steps _____________________________________________________ 6
9. Conclusion ___________________________________________________________ 6
10. Statuatory Declaration__________________________Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Institute Information
Project Name
Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using
GAP principles for seed and seedling production and
superior hybrid varieties
Vietnamese Institution
Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute
Vietnamese Project Team Leader
Associate Prof Dr. Tran Khac Thi.

Australian Organisation
Centre for Plant & Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Australian Personnel
Robert Spooner-Hart
Oleg Nicetic
Tony Haigh
Peter Hanson (AVRDC)
Date commenced
March 2007
Completion date (original) February 2010
Completion date (revised)

Reporting period
October 2008 – march 2009

Contact Officer(s)
In Australia: Team Leader
Name:
Robert Spooner-Hart
Telephone:
0245 701429
Position:
Associate Professor,
Leader Sustainable Plant Production Systems
Fax:
0245 701103
Organisation
Centre for Plant & Food Science
University of Western Sydney

Email:
r.spooner-


In Australia: Administrative contact
Name:
Mr Gar Jones
Telephone:
0247360631
Position:
Director, Office of Research
Services

Fax:
024736 0905
Organisation University of Western Sydney Email:

In Viet Nam
Name:

Telephone:

Position:

Fax:

Organisation

Email:

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2. Project Abstract


















3. Executive Summary

The project has met most of its milestones to this date. A successful GAP workshop was held
in December 2008, in Hanoi. Tomato and cucumber evaluation trials were commenced in
2007 all three identified trial locations: the Red River Delta (FAVRI), the Central Coast
(HUAF) and the Central Highlands (PVFC), but heavy rain destroyed the initial trials in Hue
and Lam Dong. This delayed the submission of this report until additional data were
generated. A second set of evaluation trials were commenced in the following season in all
three previous locations, as well as an additional cucumber trial in Cu Chi district (TP

HCMC) by IAS. All of these second trials generated good data, except for Lam Dong where
heavy rains and late blight destroyed the trial crops. A number of the new, disease-resistant
AVRDC tomato varieties and FAVRI cucumber varieties performed well in several
locations. A technical report on data from all trials accompanies this document. The first
TOT was conducted for trainers in the Red River Delta and Central Coast in April 2008, and
preparations are well underway for the TOT in Lam Dong in June 2008. In addition,
preparations are also underway for the Industry Workshops in Red River Delta and Lam
Dong, and the study tour to Australia in September-October 2008.
4. Introduction & Background
Vegetable production in Viet Nam has increased by around 30% in the last decade with an
area of 614,500 ha planted in 2005. Average productivity in 2004 was 14.8 tons/ha with the
total annual production exceeding 9 million tons. Higher production has allowed increased
domestic per capita vegetable consumption as well as export of a range of vegetables.
Vegetables constitute 60% of the total value of Vietnamese exports of fruit, vegetables and
ornamental plants, which had an average annual value of US$224.4 million in the period
2000-2004 with a target of US$690 million to be reached by 2010. Tomato and cucumber

The project aims to develop capacity in three Vietnamese research organisations, the Fruit and
Vegetable Research Institute Hanoi, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry and the Potato
Vegetable and Flower Research Centre Institute Da Lat, in evaluation and use of disease-resistant
hybrids as part of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) in vegetable production. Superior tomato
hybrids resistant to geminivirus from the World Vegetable Centre as well as cucurbits resistant to
mildews, will be evaluated for performance in North, Central and Central Highlands regions over
two seasons. Superior varieties will be used in farmer demonstration trials in five locations in each
region, together with IPDM involving use of PSOs and record keeping. Farmers will participate in
demonstration trial evaluations, which will be supported by Farmer Field Schools conducted by
PPD. The project includes key commercial companies, and will involve them in developing GAP
for seed and seedling production. Training will include a technical visit to Australia and
workshops. Selected superior germplasm will be supplied to seed companies for production and
distribution to farmers. The project will reduce use of pesticides in vegetable production, increase

food safety and farmer incomes. It will also reduce Viet Nam’s reliance on imported vegetable
seed.


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and other cucurbits are the most stable of vegetable export products. Tomato can be produced
for 9 months of the year and provides a much higher net return than rice (30 million VND/ha
for tomato vs 15 million VND/ha for rice), making tomato production a popular choice for
farmers. Despite the substantial and largely successful development of vegetable production
in Viet Nam, vegetable farming still faces considerable problems, particularly quality
production of vegetable seed and seedlings, and vegetable food safety. In Viet Nam
approximately 8000 tonnes of vegetable seeds are planted every year. More than half of these
seeds are imported, 41% is produced by local farmers and only 7% is supplied by local seed
companies. Seeds produced by local farmers are commonly of poor quality, resulting in low
yield while imported seeds cost the Vietnamese economy millions of dollars. Vegetable
seedling production in nurseries or by farmers in many provinces uses very simple
technology with high labour costs, which has further contributed to low farm yield and
production efficiency. With the increased intensity of vegetable production, concerns about
vegetable food safety have escalated, especially the high quantity of pesticides (10 -12 times/
plant cycle) and fertilizers applied to small plots of land used for vegetable production,
particularly in peri-urban areas, in an attempt to boost production. The lack of pest and
disease tolerant/resistant varieties has added to this problem. Recent studies have found that
in Hanoi 9% of all vegetable samples exceeded pesticide residue limits by 5-10 times and 7%
of samples were found to have residues of banned pesticides. As a result, there are annually
thousands of food poisoning cases due to eating vegetables with high pesticide residues
(MALICA, 2003). In addition, pesticide overuse has resulted in increased pest damage
caused by natural enemy destruction and development of pesticide resistance.

Good agricultural practice (GAP) principles, together with results of several international
projects involving the current project collaborators, provide a solid base for improvement of

vegetable seed and seedling production that will result in increased production of safe, high
quality vegetables. The proposed project will utilise results from these projects to develop
pilot tomato and cucumber seed and seedling production systems primarily using TYLCV
and other disease-resistant tomato genetic material from AVRDC, and downy and powdery
mildew resistant cucurbit material developed in FAVRI, and comparing the production with
local varieties. The evaluation trials will be undertaken by the project’s collaborating
institutions over 2 seasons in 3 important vegetable production regions in Viet Nam, the Red
River Delta, the Central Coast and the Central/Southern Highlands. The demonstrated
superior varieties will be further evaluated in farmer demonstrations over 2 seasons, which
will form a key component, together with PSO-based IPDM, in Farmer Field Schools (FFS).
An identified serious capacity gap is that Viet Nam does not sufficient parental material to
allow production of virus-resistant hybrid varieties such as those developed in Taiwan at
AVRDC. After evaluation at these sites, superior varieties will be provided to commercial
seed and seedling producing companies.

The project will also develop GAP protocols for tomato and cucurbit seed, seedling and field
production, and a GAP manual. The project will also provide direct contact between leading
Australian and Vietnamese seed producing companies and seedling nurseries that will
facilitate introduction of high-quality production technology to Viet Nam.
5. Progress to Date
5.1 Implementation Highlights
1. Two successful TOTs were held.

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The first was held at FAVRI, Hanoi for the trainers from the Red River Delta provinces in
April 21-22 and the Central Coast (Quang Nam and Da Nang) with 35 participants. The
second was held in PVFC, Da Lat for trainers from Lam Dong and Dak Lak provinces, as
well as from TP Ho Chi Minh City in June 10-12, 2008, with . Over 25 trainers were trained
Full details of the trainers are given in Appendix 1A and 1B.

2. Two well-attended industry workshops were conducted, on GAP, production of tomatoes
and cucumbers, and production and grafting of tomato seedlings. The first was held in
FAVRI, on Ha Noi, on 30, October 2008 with 30 participants. The second was held at PVFC,
Da Lat on June 13 at PFVC, Da Lat, with 25 participants.

3. A survey of Metro, and its attitude to GAP and “safe” tomatoes and cucumbers, was
completed in June 2008. This was an activity which had been delayed from the previous
milestone report.

4. A highly successful study visit to Australia by seven Vietnamese members accompanied
by the 3 key UWS members of the CARD 06/025 project team occurred in 18-29 September
2008. The study tour took 7 days, and travelled around New South Wales (NSW) and
Victoria (Vic), covering a distance of more than 2500 km. In Sydney, the group visited
University of Western Sydney, biological control companies, tomato and cucumber
production (including protected cropping and hydroponics) by Australian-Vietnamese
farmers, and vegetable seedling production. In Griffith, NSW, they visited the major DPI
Vegetable Research Institute, South Pacific Seeds production, testing and processing
facilities, as well as vegetable seed and commercial crop production. In Daylesford, Vic, they
visited Rijk Zwaan Seeds production facilities, and at Werribee, Vic visited Australia’s
largest seedling producer, as well as larger scale tomato production facilities. The group also
visited Australia’s capital city, Canberra, visited a winery, and were taken to see the sights of
Sydney on the weekend. Participants’ feedback of the study tour was extremely positive. The
report of the study visit, with itinerary is presented in Appendix .


5. The Australian project team also visited Viet Nam during this period. Oleg Nicetic visited
in April, 2008, and participated in the TOT workshop at FAVRI. Robert Spooner-Hart, Tony
Haigh and Oleg Nicetic visited in June, and participated in the TOT and Industry workshops
at PVFC, Da Lat. Tony Haigh and Robert Spooner-Hart also held a meeting with FAVRI
staff in June to finalise the GAP manual development, and the forthcoming Australia study

tour.

6. A number of Farmer Field Schools commenced during this period in the Red River delta,
including the provinces of Hung Yen, Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi and Hai Phong. It was anticipated
that good learning would take place from these FFS, and they would provide further
evaluation of the selected varieties of tomato and cucumber in a more commercial setting.

7. Southern Seeds, an industry collaborator in CARD 06/025 has commenced further
evaluation of tomato varieties identified for use in the project. They report several of the
varieties are performing well, and show promise for either commercial production or for use
in SSC’s tomato breeding While this was not part of the original project plan, it is extremely
encouraging


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5.2 Smallholder Benefits
The industry workshops conducted in Ha Noi and Da Lat involved participation of small-
holder tomato seedling producers. They learned about record keeping and Gap, but also
about superior seedling production technology from researchers and large producers, and in
Da Lat, visited the largest vegetable seedling producer in Lam Dong. The smallholders also
learned how to graft tomato seedlings. This knowledge and skills will not only assist them for
their production, but also provide opportunities for production of high quality and grafted
seedlings for other farmers in their district.
5.3 Capacity Building
The Australian study tour in September 2009 was one of the major capacity-building
activities for the project partner participants. Staff from UWS, together with senior staff from
FAVRI, PVFC, PPD and IAS continue to assist in conducting TOTs, to upgrade skills of
trainers.
In addition, collaborative participation in the industry workshops has enabled the project
members to develop their skills in developing and delivering suitable curricula for industry,

in a meaningful way.
5.4 Publicity
5.5 Project Management
As discussed in the previous project milestone report project management is progressing
well. However, for various reasons, including the ongoing health of RSH, the reporting of the
milestones is, regrettably, delayed. It is hoped this situation will be rectified soon.

The project team continues to work well, and the relationship between all project members is
good. The study tour provided an excellent opportunity for interaction and discussion
between all the participants, brought the Australian and Vietnamese participants (as well as
those Vietnamese participants who did not know each other well) much closer together. The
Vietnamese Project Team continues to show has good project management skills and a
significant insight into the project.

6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues
6.1 Environment
In the up-coming season for FFS, there is the possibility of heavy rain during the field trials.
This emphasises the importance of using grafted tomatoes (particularly on eggplant rootstock
for waterlogging in the North and bacterial wilt-resistant tomato rootstock for bacterial wilt
in Lam Dong) as treatments in these FFS trials.

6.2 Gender and Social Issues
The study tour was well balanced, with 2 Directors/Deputy Directors, 1 Senior industry
person, and 4 relatively junior staff. There were 2 female participants in the tour group of 7.

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7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues
7.1 Issues and Constraints
We noted that neither Quang Nam nor Da Nang had any experienced producers of quality
tomato seedlings. In the first trial, the quality of the tomato seedlings sent from FAVRI was

not good, because of the long transport distance. We therefore contracted
Mr. Nguyen Hong
Phong
, the largest and best tomato seedling producer from Lam Dong, to provide quality
seedlings for the FFS.
7.2 Options
Dr. Ngo Quang Vinh Dr Vinh, IAS, although not an original project participant, had
previously contributed to evaluation of cucumber varieties (see previous milestone report. Dr
Vinh further participated in the TOT and Industry workshops in Da Lat, as a presenter.
7.3 Sustainability
No other issues have been identified to date.
8. Next Critical Steps
The first series of FFS will be conducted in a number of provinces in the Red River delta
from September-October, 2009. We are planning a review meeting for trainers, after the
completion of many of the first series of FFS, for February 2009, in Hanoi (organised by
PPD).

9. Conclusion
The project is continuing well, and has completed the scheduled activities required. The GAP
manual appears to be on target for completion in mid 2009.

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Itinerary for visit to Australia
18 to 29 September 2008

Participants
NAME ORGANISATION MALE/FEMALE
Tran Khac Thi
FAVRI M

Pham Van Dung
FAVRI M
Le Thi Thuy
FAVRI F
Thi Thu Ha
FAVRI F
Pham Xuan Tung
PVFC M
Nguyen Van Quy
HUAF M
Nguyen Hoang Tuan
SSC M


ITINERARY



Date Activity
18/09
Thursday
Depart various locations to fly to Sydney.
19/09
Friday
Arrive Sydney at 08:15. Morning tour to Manly beach.
Travel to UWS and accommodation, Richmond. Visit UWS,
Beneficial Bugs Pty Ltd.
20/09
Saturday
Visit Sydney: Darling Harbour, Circular Quay, Botanical

Gardens
21/09
Sunday
Visit to country market in Windsor, Australian BBQ lunch,
visit Mt Tomah botanic garden.
22/09
Monday
Visit tomato and cucumber growers in Sydney basin. Visit
Vietnamese suburb Cabramatta. Visit vegetable seedling
producer.
23/09
Tuesday
Travel to Griffith via Blue Mountains, Bathurst and Cowra
24/09
Wednesday
Visit South Pacific Seeds, Griffith vegetable farms and
vegetable seed production farms, MIA
25/09
Thursday
Visit Yanco Agricultural Institute, NSW DPI. Visit field
vegetable and production sites. Travel to Daylesford, Vic.
26/09
Friday
Visit Rijk Zwaan seed production facilities, Daylesford.
Visit tomato and other vegetable production and Boomeroo
seedling producers, Werribee, Vic.
27/09
Saturday
Travel to Albury, visit to Canberra tourist sites. Return to
Richmond

28/09
Sunday
Break day. Shopping in Penrith.
Farewell dinner.
29/09
Monday
Leave for Ho Chi Minh City
at 10:15 am.

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Itinerary for TOT on cucumber and tomato production
Date 21-23/4/2008
Time Activity Responsibles

Date 21/4/2008

08h30 - 09h00
Registration
Organizer
09h00 - 09h15
Introduction of participants
Dr. Nguyễn Quốc Hùng
(FAVRI)
09h15 - 09h30
Welcome address and opening remarks
Dr. Trịnh Khắc Quang
(FAVRI)
09h30 – 09h45
Brief introduction of project CARD 025/VIE 06
PGS.TS. Trần Khắc Thi

(Vice director)
09h45-10h45 Use PSO in safe cucumber production Oleg Nicetic (WSU)
10h45-11h00 Take picture and teabreak All participants
11h00-11h30 Use PSO in safe tomato production Oleg Nicetic (WSU)
11h30-12h30 Lunch
13h30-15h00 Use grafting tomato to tomato production in the
North of Vietnam
ThS. Lê Thị Thủy
(Viện NCRQ)
15h00- 15h30 Teabreak All participants
15h00 -16h30 Practice on graft tomato ThS. Lê Thị Thủy
(Viện NCRQ)
16h30-17h00 Wraping first day PGS.TS. Trần Khắc Thi
(FAVRI)

Ngày 22/4/2008

08h300 – 09h00 Safe vegetable production in Vietnam PGS.TS. Trần Khắc Thi
(FAVRI)
09h00 – 10h00 GAP for vegetable production in Vietnam (VietGAP) ThS. Ngô Thị Hạnh
(FAVRI)
10h00-10h30 Teabreak All participants
10h30– 11h30 Pest and disease on cucumber and tomato – safe and
efect control
ThS. Phạm Mỹ Linh (FAVRI)
11h30 – 12h30 Luch
13h30 – 17h00 Visit seedling farm in Hung yen
Ngày 23/4/2008
8h30 - 10h00 Reduce poison of pesticide chemical in vegetable
production.

Dr. Ngô Tiến Dũng (PPD)
10h00-10h20 Teabreak
10h20-11h30 Reduce poison of pesticide chemical in vegetable
production.
Dr. Ngô Tiến Dũng (PPD)
11h30-13h30 Lunch
13h30-15h00 Discuss curriculum for FFS Dr. Ngô Tiến Dũng (PPD)
15h00 – 15h30 Teabreak
15h30-16h00
Closing ceremory
Dr. Trinh Khac Quang (FAVRI)


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List participants attend TOT in FAVRI

Name Province Male/female
Trần Văn Niềm Hà Nam SPPD Male
Trịnh Thanh Hương Hà Nam SPPD female
Lê Mỹ Đà Nẵng SPPD Male
Lê Nam Đà Nẵng SPPD Male
Đồng Thị Yến Đà Nẵng SPPD female
Nguyễn Hồng Tuyến Hà Nội SPPD female
Lưu Thị Hằng Hà Nội SPPD female
Trần Út Quảng Nam SPPD Male
Huỳnh Thị Minh Loan Quảng Nam SPPD nữ
Phan Xuân Long Quảng Nam SPPD Male
Vũ Văn Minh Thái Bình SPPD Male
Phí Ngọc Hùng Thái Bình SPPD Male
Giang Văn Hùng Vĩnh Phúc SPPD Male

Nguyễn Ngọc Khánh Vĩnh Phúc SPPD Male
Hoàng Đình Hùng Hưng Yên SPPD Male
Ngô Tiến Dũng Hưng Yên SPPD Male
Nguyễn Đức Kiên Hải Phòng SPPD Male
Nguyễn Thế Hùng Hải Phòng SPPD Male
Lê Tiến Bình PPD Male
Đố Đức Ngải PPD Male
Vũ Văn Nho PPD Male




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Cucumber and tomato growing season in participating provinces RRD (Red River Delta), CC (Coast Centre).

Province Crop Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
Cu * * * + + * * + + Ha Noi
Tom * * + + * * + +
Cu * + + * * + + + Hun Yen
Tom * * + +
*


*

*


+
+

+
+
+
Cu * + * + Hai Phong
Tom * + + + * +
Cu * * + + + * * + + Vinh Phuc
Tom * * + + * * * + + +
Cu * * + + +
*
+


+
*
+
*
+
+ + + Ha Nam
Tom * * + + * * + + Feb
Cu * * + + * * + + Thai Binh
Tom * * + +
*

*


*
+
*
+

+ +
Cu * + * + + + * + Feb Quang
Nam
Tom * * * + + + + + +
Cu * + * + + * +Feb
Mar
Da Nang
Tom * + * * +Feb
Mar

Note: Cu: Cucumber
Tom: Tomato