Some solutions to protect and restore community based mangrove forests in Hau Loc Distric, Thanh Hoa rovince ppt

Some solutions to protect and restore
Some solutions to protect and restore
community based mangrove forests in
community based mangrove forests in
Hau
Hau
Loc
Loc
Distric
Distric
, Thanh
, Thanh
Hoa
Hoa
rovince
rovince
H
H
Ậ
Ậ
U L
U L
Ộ
Ộ
C District
C District
–
–
THANH H
THANH H
Ó

Ó
A
A
Province
Province
Implementing organization: People Committee of
Implementing organization: People Committee of
Hau
Hau
Loc District, Thanh
Loc District, Thanh
Hoa
Hoa
Province
Province
Author
Author
Tr
Tr
ị
ị
nh
nh
Cao
Cao
Sơn
Sơn
Bac
Bac
kan

kan
: 21/4,2010
: 21/4,2010
I. Rationale and objectives of the project
I. Rationale and objectives of the project
1.1.
1.1.
Rationale:
Rationale:
Hau
Hau
Loc is a coastal district,
Loc is a coastal district,
located in the north
located in the north
-
-
east of
east of
Thanh
Thanh
Hoa
Hoa
Province. Its total
Province. Its total
natural land is 14.367,19 ha, of
natural land is 14.367,19 ha, of
which 1.170 ha are alluvial site
which 1.170 ha are alluvial site
that to be suitable for planting

that to be suitable for planting
forest and raising sea food. The
forest and raising sea food. The
District has 27 authority units (26
District has 27 authority units (26
communes and 1 township). The
communes and 1 township). The
total population of the District in
total population of the District in
2009 was 163.971 people, with
2009 was 163.971 people, with
the density of 11,4 persons/km2.
the density of 11,4 persons/km2.
The District has 5 coastal communes
The District has 5 coastal communes
(
(
Da
Da
Loc, Minh Loc,
Loc, Minh Loc,
Ngu
Ngu
Loc,
Loc,
Hung Loc, and Hai Loc) locate in
Hung Loc, and Hai Loc) locate in
the East with the natural area is
the East with the natural area is
3.442,25 ha (occupy 23,81% of

3.442,25 ha (occupy 23,81% of
total land area of the District), the
total land area of the District), the
population is 57.068 people
population is 57.068 people
(34,8% of the district population)
(34,8% of the district population)
surrounded by rivers: Len River
surrounded by rivers: Len River
in the North,
in the North,
Lach
Lach
Truong in the
Truong in the
South, East Sea in the East, and
South, East Sea in the East, and
the coastal line is 12 km.
the coastal line is 12 km.
¾
¾
The coastal area of
The coastal area of
Hau
Hau
Loc plays a very important
Loc plays a very important
role of economy, politics and
role of economy, politics and
defence

defence
.
.
¾
¾
This area has high density of residents, boasts for
This area has high density of residents, boasts for
harveting
harveting
sea foods, and agriculture
sea foods, and agriculture
-
-
forestry
forestry
-
-
aquatic
aquatic
processing products.
processing products.
¾
¾
Annually, the District is heavily impacted by natural
Annually, the District is heavily impacted by natural
disasters, particularly from tropical typhoons. In
disasters, particularly from tropical typhoons. In
average, the
average, the
-

-
District is annually directly impacted by 5
District is annually directly impacted by 5
–
–
6 typhoons.
6 typhoons.
¾
¾
For Example: The typhoon number 5
For Example: The typhoon number 5
occured
occured
on
on
28/8/2003 and the typhoon number 7
28/8/2003 and the typhoon number 7
occured
occured
on
on
27/9/2005 destroyed and broke 3 km of coastal dyke
27/9/2005 destroyed and broke 3 km of coastal dyke
without mangrove forests
without mangrove forests
Some pictures of damages by storm in 7/2005
Some pictures of damages by storm in 7/2005
Farmer was worry about storms
Farmer was worry about storms
Objectives of Community Forest

Objectives of Community Forest
Management
Management
Environmental objectives
Environmental objectives


To increase the area of mangrove forest, improve
To increase the area of mangrove forest, improve
ecological environment
ecological environment


Create habitat for sea organisms, and improve soil
Create habitat for sea organisms, and improve soil
fertility
fertility


Contribute to the protection and development of
Contribute to the protection and development of
aquatic products, strengthen the durability of
aquatic products, strengthen the durability of
system of agriculture
system of agriculture
–
–
forestry
forestry
–

–
aquiculture in
aquiculture in
coastal area.
coastal area.
Social objectives
Social objectives


To create jobs for local people, and limit the social
To create jobs for local people, and limit the social
evils.
evils.


Improve awareness of community to protect mangrove
Improve awareness of community to protect mangrove
forest, protect the coastal landscape
forest, protect the coastal landscape


Strengthen agreement within the community, and
Strengthen agreement within the community, and
contribute to retain security and defense.
contribute to retain security and defense.
Economical objectives
Economical objectives


Increasing demand for the firewood,

Increasing demand for the firewood,
aquatic and sea food of the local people,
aquatic and sea food of the local people,
also to improve their living standard.
also to improve their living standard.


Through the activities of rehabilitation
Through the activities of rehabilitation
and planting of mangrove forest, more
and planting of mangrove forest, more
jobs will be created, so that it will improve
jobs will be created, so that it will improve
income for local people in coastal areas.
income for local people in coastal areas.


Protect coastal dykes and other
Protect coastal dykes and other
hydrological constructions, and to
hydrological constructions, and to
mitigate the impact from the natural
mitigate the impact from the natural
disasters.
disasters.
2. Status and reasons for degradation of mangrove forest
2. Status and reasons for degradation of mangrove forest
in
in
Hau

Hau
Loc District
Loc District
2.1. Status
2.1. Status


Mangrove forest distributes in 4 communes:
Mangrove forest distributes in 4 communes:
Xuan Loc, Hai Loc,
Xuan Loc, Hai Loc,
Hoa
Hoa
Loc, and
Loc, and
Da
Da
Loc.
Loc.


The best mangrove forest grows in Xuan Loc,
The best mangrove forest grows in Xuan Loc,
then
then
Hoa
Hoa
Loc,
Loc,
Da

Da
Loc and the worst forest grows
Loc and the worst forest grows
in Hai Loc.
in Hai Loc.


Developed farms of sea food, mangrove forest
Developed farms of sea food, mangrove forest
has been dramatically destroyed both in quantity
has been dramatically destroyed both in quantity
and quality.
and quality.


Since 1980 to 2010 planted 498 ha in which
Since 1980 to 2010 planted 498 ha in which
224 ha planted previous projects such as British
224 ha planted previous projects such as British
Children Fund, Japan Red Cross (JFC project),
Children Fund, Japan Red Cross (JFC project),
and CARE International 250 ha, and National
and CARE International 250 ha, and National
Dyke Department planted 24 ha
Dyke Department planted 24 ha


2.2. Reasons for the degradation of
2.2. Reasons for the degradation of
mangrove forest in

mangrove forest in
Hau
Hau
Loc District
Loc District


People living in coastal area are poor, and
People living in coastal area are poor, and
their main incomes attained from the
their main incomes attained from the
exploitation of sea food from within and
exploitation of sea food from within and
outside the mangrove forest, so that they
outside the mangrove forest, so that they
can damage young forests.
can damage young forests.


There is a serious lack of cultivated land,
There is a serious lack of cultivated land,
so that local people destroy mangrove
so that local people destroy mangrove
forest for development of sea food farms.
forest for development of sea food farms.


The awareness of local people of
The awareness of local people of
protection mangrove forest and landscape

protection mangrove forest and landscape
is limited.
is limited.


Local people lack firewood for daily
Local people lack firewood for daily
consumption, also lack food to raise animals
consumption, also lack food to raise animals


Rubbish released from the district following the
Rubbish released from the district following the
flow of the
flow of the
Lach
Lach
Truong and Len Rivers could
Truong and Len Rivers could
damage mangrove trees, particularly the
damage mangrove trees, particularly the
seedlings.
seedlings.


The salt level of the water varies according to
The salt level of the water varies according to
seasons of the year. The highest salt level
seasons of the year. The highest salt level
occurs in dry season

occurs in dry season


The alluvial site for planting mangrove forest is
The alluvial site for planting mangrove forest is
normally not solid enough, so that seedling of
normally not solid enough, so that seedling of
mangrove is easily flowed by tide.
mangrove is easily flowed by tide.


Limited funds for protection and
Limited funds for protection and
maintainance
maintainance
of mangrove forest.
of mangrove forest.
Developed ponds for shrimps
Developed ponds for shrimps
Damaged by Dirty materials attached trees
Damaged by Dirty materials attached trees
Challenges for planting out to the sea
Challenges for planting out to the sea


New forest plantations will therefore be planted
New forest plantations will therefore be planted
further to the sea, where the tide is bigger, the
further to the sea, where the tide is bigger, the
salt level is greater,

salt level is greater,


The time covered by water is longer. Those
The time covered by water is longer. Those
conditions are good for the barnacles to
conditions are good for the barnacles to
develop and destroy forests.
develop and destroy forests.


It is said that there is no way to plant more
It is said that there is no way to plant more
new mangrove forest on sites of
new mangrove forest on sites of
Hau
Hau
Loc.
Loc.
There were planting programs funded by Red
There were planting programs funded by Red
Cross Association, 661 Project. Those
Cross Association, 661 Project. Those
programs planted 90 ha in 2005 and 2006.
programs planted 90 ha in 2005 and 2006.
This forest however completely died after 1
This forest however completely died after 1
year due to strong tide, strong wind and the
year due to strong tide, strong wind and the
serious damage like barnacles.

serious damage like barnacles.
Some experiences and solutions
Some experiences and solutions


To organize meetings participated by local
To organize meetings participated by local
people, authorities, fish and sea food
people, authorities, fish and sea food
harvesters to discuss and comment on the plan
harvesters to discuss and comment on the plan
to plant, tend and protect mangrove forests.
to plant, tend and protect mangrove forests.


To mobilize participation of local people to
To mobilize participation of local people to
promote their experience and creativeness.
promote their experience and creativeness.
Local people understand their role in protection
Local people understand their role in protection
and development of mangrove forests.
and development of mangrove forests.


They are also awareness of the importance of
They are also awareness of the importance of
mangrove forest that provide them with benefit.
mangrove forest that provide them with benefit.



Local people give comments on the best time
Local people give comments on the best time
to select fruit for seedling production, and to
to select fruit for seedling production, and to
avoid typhoons that normally occur from April
avoid typhoons that normally occur from April
in
in
Da
Da
Loc, Hai Loc.
Loc, Hai Loc.
Experiences and solutions
Experiences and solutions


Provide Technical training courses on Planting
Provide Technical training courses on Planting
and maintaining skills for plating groups
and maintaining skills for plating groups


Documents combining local experience and
Documents combining local experience and
scientific knowledge are applied to technical
scientific knowledge are applied to technical
transfer/training for groups of trainers.
transfer/training for groups of trainers.



Provide methodology very simply introduced
Provide methodology very simply introduced
to local people with much academy,
to local people with much academy,


Therefore, when planting in the field, many
Therefore, when planting in the field, many
people did now know the right method to plant,
people did now know the right method to plant,
tend and protect of mangrove forest. In stead,
tend and protect of mangrove forest. In stead,
they just followed the traditional knowledge
they just followed the traditional knowledge
.
.
Technical training courses and meetings supported by CARE
Technical training courses and meetings supported by CARE
Organize groups of farmers to successfully protect
Organize groups of farmers to successfully protect
and tend mangrove forest
and tend mangrove forest


This is an important task to insure the survival of
This is an important task to insure the survival of
seedlings. It includes work of cleaning barnacles
seedlings. It includes work of cleaning barnacles
(shipworm) and removing rubbish sticking on the

(shipworm) and removing rubbish sticking on the
seedlings.
seedlings.


In
In
Da
Da
Loc, Hai Loc, some project have treated
Loc, Hai Loc, some project have treated
barnacles by using chemicals, but it was not successful,
barnacles by using chemicals, but it was not successful,
and it damaged beneficial organisms such as crab, fish,
and it damaged beneficial organisms such as crab, fish,
shrimp within the mangrove forest. Through direct
shrimp within the mangrove forest. Through direct
survey in the young mangrove forest and meetings with
survey in the young mangrove forest and meetings with
local people, the District understands why mangrove
local people, the District understands why mangrove
dies when planted on the sites with strong tide and
dies when planted on the sites with strong tide and
wind, and the solutions to those problems. Based on
wind, and the solutions to those problems. Based on
the indigenous knowledge learned from meetings with
the indigenous knowledge learned from meetings with
local people, two solutions are as follows:
local people, two solutions are as follows:
Cleaning barnacles

Cleaning barnacles


Following local experience, barnacles
Following local experience, barnacles
annually have 2 breeding seasons.
annually have 2 breeding seasons.
When barnacles are young, we can clear
When barnacles are young, we can clear
them by hand without difficulty and
them by hand without difficulty and
without any damage to the seedlings.
without any damage to the seedlings.


Local community understands that
Local community understands that
cleaning barnacles is the most important
cleaning barnacles is the most important
task to ensure the success of the
task to ensure the success of the
mangrove forest.
mangrove forest.
Maintaining Mangroves
Maintaining Mangroves
Maintaining Mangroves
Maintaining Mangroves
Nursery garden
Nursery garden



3.3. Protection of community forest
3.3. Protection of community forest


Enthusiasm residents living near the forest are
Enthusiasm residents living near the forest are
selected to protect community forests.
selected to protect community forests.
Members of the community agree about the
Members of the community agree about the
principle of activities implemented in the forest,
principle of activities implemented in the forest,
particularly in young forest. Local people
particularly in young forest. Local people
managed community forest are mostly trained
managed community forest are mostly trained
on the role of mangrove forests, how to plant,
on the role of mangrove forests, how to plant,
tend and protect forest. The most importance
tend and protect forest. The most importance
for the success of community forest is that all
for the success of community forest is that all
meetings, discussions and planning should
meetings, discussions and planning should
involve coastal community.
involve coastal community.



When conflict occurs, local authorities and
When conflict occurs, local authorities and
frontier post number 114 are available to
frontier post number 114 are available to
overcome problems.
overcome problems.
* P
r
i
nc
i
p
l
es
f
or
th
e

success
i
n

pro
t
ec
ti
on

o

f
commun
it
y

* P
r
i
nc
i
p
l
es
f
or
th
e

success
i
n

pro
t
ec
ti
on

o
f

commun
it
y

forest
forest


Organize meetings within the community to
Organize meetings within the community to
discuss issues of protection, responsibility of
discuss issues of protection, responsibility of
member, role of forests, fund sources, and
member, role of forests, fund sources, and
activities. They will agree to establish general
activities. They will agree to establish general
principle of
principle of
“
“
tending, protection and
tending, protection and
development of mangrove forest
development of mangrove forest
”
”
. This general
. This general
principle is approved by District and a separate
principle is approved by District and a separate

management board and protection group from
management board and protection group from
the community are nominated.
the community are nominated.


District and commune authorities will assist
District and commune authorities will assist
community with the forest guard, solve conflict
community with the forest guard, solve conflict
of sea food and forest products. Develop
of sea food and forest products. Develop
principle between District, local authority,
principle between District, local authority,
Frontier Post Number 114 and forest owners.
Frontier Post Number 114 and forest owners.


District provides community with some fund to
District provides community with some fund to


3.4. Organize contests on "protection of environment and
3.4. Organize contests on "protection of environment and
mangrove forest" to improve awareness of local people and the
mangrove forest" to improve awareness of local people and the
young
young



Many kinds of contests have plentifully held in the District, su
Many kinds of contests have plentifully held in the District, su
ch as:
ch as:
playing, drawing, answering questions, and camping
playing, drawing, answering questions, and camping
…
…
The contests have
The contests have
attracted both people living near and far from the mangrove fore
attracted both people living near and far from the mangrove fore
st. The
st. The
contests were held in each commune, at school, on beaches near t
contests were held in each commune, at school, on beaches near t
he
he
mangrove forest to show people the importance of mangrove forest
mangrove forest to show people the importance of mangrove forest
. This
. This
is a good method to increase the awareness of local people in te
is a good method to increase the awareness of local people in te
rms of
rms of
sustainable protection of mangrove forest in specific and the ec
sustainable protection of mangrove forest in specific and the ec
ological
ological

environment in general. This is also a very good lesson for pupi
environment in general. This is also a very good lesson for pupi
ls to apply
ls to apply
for their daily life and their future. The contests could also c
for their daily life and their future. The contests could also c
ontribute to
ontribute to
help change the awareness and activities of local people pertain
help change the awareness and activities of local people pertain
ing to the
ing to the
protection of mangrove forest and the environment.
protection of mangrove forest and the environment.


The initial results have been achieved from the community based
The initial results have been achieved from the community based
forest
forest
management in
management in
Da
Da
Loc Commune that 200 ha of mangrove forest have
Loc Commune that 200 ha of mangrove forest have
been well managed by communities of 3 villages of the commune. T
been well managed by communities of 3 villages of the commune. T
he
he

new approach has been approved to be a good method for a sustain
new approach has been approved to be a good method for a sustain
able
able
protection and rehabilitation of mangrove forest in the area.
protection and rehabilitation of mangrove forest in the area.


Experience lesson:
Experience lesson: