Báo cáo khoa học nông nghiệp " Thoughts about Macadamia Development Strategy in Central Highland Areas " docx

Thoughts about
Thoughts about
Macadamia Development Strategy
Macadamia Development Strategy
in Central Highland Areas
in Central Highland Areas
Prof. Hoang Hoe
Prof. Hoang Hoe
Presented at Workshop on Macadamia
Presented at Workshop on Macadamia
and Sustainable development Aspect in
and Sustainable development Aspect in
Daklak
Daklak
, August/4/2009
, August/4/2009
Content
Content
z
z
Practical Lessons learned
Practical Lessons learned
z
z
Land
Land
-
-
use Planning
use Planning
z

z
Diversity of plants, agriculture and forestry
Diversity of plants, agriculture and forestry
combination
combination
z
z
Macadamia
Macadamia
–
–
an economical and
an economical and
environmental protected tree
environmental protected tree
z
z
Promotion of research
Promotion of research
z
z
Development of pilot models
Development of pilot models
z
z
Quality seedling
Quality seedling
z
z
Supportive policies for enterprises and

Supportive policies for enterprises and
farmers.
farmers.
Practical lessons learned
Practical lessons learned
z
z
Coffee farm increased dramatically in the period
Coffee farm increased dramatically in the period
1994
1994
-
-
200
200
5
5
, mainly extensive farming rather than
, mainly extensive farming rather than
intensive farming; 90% was planted in basalt soil
intensive farming; 90% was planted in basalt soil
and lack of soil
and lack of soil
–
–
erosion control
erosion control
z
z
Rubber trees are not suitable to plant in many

Rubber trees are not suitable to plant in many
areas
areas
z
z
Cashew trees are not suitable to plant in many
Cashew trees are not suitable to plant in many
areas
areas
z
z
Soil is eroded seriously
Soil is eroded seriously
z
z
Underground water becomes exhausted
Underground water becomes exhausted
z
z
Generally, development is
Generally, development is
spontaneous
spontaneous
z
z
Natural Forest has been destroyed seriously
Natural Forest has been destroyed seriously
Land
Land
–

–
use Planning
use Planning
z
z
Central Highland Areas composed many different sub eco
Central Highland Areas composed many different sub eco
-
-
regions, it needs different reasonable land
regions, it needs different reasonable land
–
–
use planning.
use planning.
Macadamia crop suitable eco
Macadamia crop suitable eco
-
-
region where its average
region where its average
temperature is 20
temperature is 20
-
-
25
25
o
o
; temperature for flowering is 15

; temperature for flowering is 15
-
-
17
17
o
o
;
;
temperature in the period of young trees is 15
temperature in the period of young trees is 15
-
-
25
25
o
o
; rainfall is
; rainfall is
fairly is steady annually; soil is deep and soft, PH 5
fairly is steady annually; soil is deep and soft, PH 5
-
-
5,5.
5,5.
z
z
Land
Land
-

-
using should be planned in accord with
using should be planned in accord with
mozaic
mozaic
of land
of land
type
type
, combination of agriculture crops and forest. Forest plays
, combination of agriculture crops and forest. Forest plays
an important role in protecting agricultural trees.
an important role in protecting agricultural trees.
z
z
Slope of over 10
Slope of over 10
o
o
causes eroding 100 tons of soil per ha
causes eroding 100 tons of soil per ha
annually. Therefore, it is necessary to build terraces and
annually. Therefore, it is necessary to build terraces and
provide measures to anti erosion
provide measures to anti erosion
z
z
It is needed to reject some areas of coffee, rubber and cashew
It is needed to reject some areas of coffee, rubber and cashew
that are not suitable and replace by Macadamia. It is

that are not suitable and replace by Macadamia. It is
encouraged to intercrop Macadamia with Coffee in existing
encouraged to intercrop Macadamia with Coffee in existing
coffee farm.
coffee farm.
Soil Map
Soil Map
of
of
Tay
Tay
Nguyên
Nguyên
1:500.000
1:500.000
Land using
Land using
z
z
Basalt soil is the most valuable natural
Basalt soil is the most valuable natural
resource that should be used economically
resource that should be used economically
and sustainability. C
and sustainability. C
offee s
offee s
hould not be
hould not be
the

the
only
only
object of monolatry
object of monolatry
.
.
z
z
Climate (
Climate (
temprature
temprature
, rainfall) of
, rainfall) of
Buon
Buon
Ho,
Ho,
Krong
Krong
Nang
Nang
and
and
Eahleo
Eahleo
is suitable for
is suitable for
Macadamia in comparison with other sub

Macadamia in comparison with other sub
-
-
regions.
regions.
z
z
It is necessary to strength guiding
It is necessary to strength guiding
methods on how to use land scientifically.
methods on how to use land scientifically.
Diversity of plants, agriculture and
Diversity of plants, agriculture and
forestry combination
forestry combination
z
z
Should not plant only one variety in an
Should not plant only one variety in an
area of 10 ha
area of 10 ha
z
z
Identify varieties that can live together in
Identify varieties that can live together in
order to plant
order to plant
combinating
combinating
.

.
z
z
Shade and block win, reduce evaporation,
Shade and block win, reduce evaporation,
economize water, spend expenditures
economize water, spend expenditures
reasonably.
reasonably.
z
z
Invest adequately and manage well in
Invest adequately and manage well in
order to get sustainable income.
order to get sustainable income.
Macadamia
Macadamia
–
–
an economical and
an economical and
environment protected tree
environment protected tree
z
z
Get hi
g
h economical effectiveness if plant standard
Get hi
g

h economical effectiveness if plant standard
seedlings and manage the nursery well.
seedlings and manage the nursery well.
z
z
Ratio of coverage: over 60%
Ratio of coverage: over 60%
z
z
Protect soil and anti soil erosion
Protect soil and anti soil erosion
z
z
Bio diversity: intercrops and breeding bees
Bio diversity: intercrops and breeding bees
z
z
Usin
g
under
g
round water more economical than
Usin
g
under
g
round water more economical than
coffee
coffee
z

z
Have not found any kind of serious
Have not found any kind of serious
pestilent insect
pestilent insect
s
s
z
z
Creat
Creat
trade name for Viet Nam Macadamia
trade name for Viet Nam Macadamia
z
z
It is estimated to
g
row Macadamia on 5,000 ha, about
It is estimated to
g
row Macadamia on 5,000 ha, about
1,5 million trees in the next 10 years in
1,5 million trees in the next 10 years in
Daklak
Daklak
Research and trial continuously
Research and trial continuously
z
z
Identify varieties that are suitable with different

Identify varieties that are suitable with different
bio
bio
-
-
subregions
subregions
; create new varieties.
; create new varieties.
z
z
Plant combination of different varieties in one
Plant combination of different varieties in one
block of
g
round in order to increase
block of
g
round in order to increase
productivity
productivity
z
z
Intercrop
Intercrop
z
z
Method to anti
Method to anti
aoil

aoil
erosion
erosion
z
z
Economize water
Economize water
z
z
Maintain and process
Maintain and process
z
z
Domestic and export market
Domestic and export market
Trial
Trial
z
z
Pilot of intensive farming with combination of
Pilot of intensive farming with combination of
3
3
-
-
4 Macadamia varieties in a block of ground
4 Macadamia varieties in a block of ground
z
z
Pilot of extensive farming that intercrop

Pilot of extensive farming that intercrop
macadamia with coffee
macadamia with coffee
z
z
Pilot to intercrop macadamia with others trees
Pilot to intercrop macadamia with others trees
z
z
Scale: 20ha, 100ha. 200ha,500 ha
Scale: 20ha, 100ha. 200ha,500 ha
z
z
Pilot of 312 trees/ha, 660 trees/ha, 830
Pilot of 312 trees/ha, 660 trees/ha, 830
trees/ha
trees/ha
z
z
Collect data & Analyze, Final review soon
Collect data & Analyze, Final review soon
Standard seedling
Standard seedling
z
z
Seedling
Seedling
’
’
s titles should be clear and accurate

s titles should be clear and accurate
z
z
Seedlin
g
s should be planted in nurseries where
Seedlin
g
s should be planted in nurseries where
apply technical procedures and be assessed
apply technical procedures and be assessed
quality by an authorized agencies.
quality by an authorized agencies.
z
z
Seedlin
g
s criteria for sellin
g
must be re
g
ulated
Seedlin
g
s criteria for sellin
g
must be re
g
ulated
and applied.

and applied.
z
z
Seedlin
g
s that do not meet the re
g
ulated
Seedlin
g
s that do not meet the re
g
ulated
criteria must be rejected.
criteria must be rejected.
z
z
Buyin
g
seedlin
g
should focus on quality rather
Buyin
g
seedlin
g
should focus on quality rather
than price.
than price.
Policy for encouraging enterprises

Policy for encouraging enterprises
and farmers
and farmers
z
z
Enterprises should take a leading role and the
Enterprises should take a leading role and the
Government should provide them with
Government should provide them with
favorable policies
favorable policies
z
z
Focus on agricultural extension
Focus on agricultural extension
z
z
Policies for encouraging enterprises and
Policies for encouraging enterprises and
famers
famers
z
z
Establish a linkage among
Establish a linkage among
famers
famers
–
–
investors

investors
–
–
scientists and the
scientists and the
Goverment
Goverment
. The
. The
Goverment
Goverment
acts as
acts as
“
“
midwife
midwife
”
”
to direct sustainable
to direct sustainable
development, but not implement as a
development, but not implement as a
movement.
movement.
THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!