Survey findings of goat production in Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan and Lam Dong at the second year implementing card project doc

Survey findings of goat production in Ninh Thuan,
Binh Thuan and Lam Dong at the second year implementing
CARD project (VIE 009)

1. Introduction
An interim survey of both participating and “other” farmers in the Vietnam-Australia Goat
Improvement Project was carried out in November 2007 immediately prior to the other activities of
weighing and recording in late November-December 2007. This information will be analysed and
interpreted in relation to the earlier survey and the final survey to be conducted in June 2008. The
survey results presented below are additional to that planned in the Schedule of Activities.

2. Methodologies
The methology used was the same as that described for previous surveys in this project.

3. Findings
3.1. Name of interviewed goat farms
List of interviewed farms
Interviewed farmers inside
of the project
Interviewed farmers outside
of the project

Name of farmer
Address
(Village, Commune, District)
Name of farmer
Address
(Village, Commune, District)
NINH THUAN
1 Nguyen Huu Duc An Xuan, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai Thai Van Son An Hoa, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai
2 Su Khac Thanh An Xuan, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai Nguyen Ngoc Truc An Hoa, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai

3 Chamalea Lan Barau, Loi Hai, Thuan Bac Khong Minh Tan An Xuan, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai
4 Jack Sinh Barau, Loi Hai, Thuan Bac Nguyen Thi Biet An Hoa, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai
5 Tran Tuan Hai Suoi Gieng, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac Huynh Tho An Hoa, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai
6 Dang Ngoc Trieu Suoi Gieng, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac Thai Ba Trung An Xuan, Xuan Hai, Ninh Hai
7 Le Van Hoa Suoi Gieng, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac Nguyen Thi Phuong My An Dat, Loi Hai, Thuan Bac
8 Nong Quoc Hung Suoi Gieng, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac Duong Ninh An Dat, Loi Hai, Thuan Bac
9 Truong Long Phuoc Dan, Ninh Phuoc Dang Ngoc Tran Hiep Kiet, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac
10 Le Thi Tam Phuoc Huu, Ninh Phuoc Nguyen Van Sang Suoi Gieng, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac
11 Ho Trung Hieu Phuoc Huu, Ninh Phuoc Tran Dinh Ha Suoi Gieng, Cong Hai, Thuan Bac
12 Tran Dang Me Tay Co Phuoc Huu, Ninh Phuoc Nguyen Van Hung Thanh Son, Khanh Hai, Ninh Hai
13 Nguyen Quoi Thanh Son, Khanh Hai, Ninh Hai
14 Nguyen Thi Trong Phuoc Dan, Ninh Phuoc
15 Cao Thi Lan Phuoc Dan, Ninh Phuoc
16 Tran Van Chinh Phuoc Huu, Ninh Phuoc
17 Han Van Nien Phuoc Huu, Ninh Phuoc
BINH THUAN
1 Nguyen Van Chinh Binh Son, Binh Tan, Bac Binh Phan Van Hai Phu Thai, Ham Tri, Ham Thuan Bac
2 Tran Man Binh Nghia, Binh Tan, Bac Binh Phan Truc Lam Phu Thai, Ham Tri, Ham Thuan Bac
3 Tran Xuan Lang Binh Son, Binh Tan, Bac Binh Mai Hoang Diep Phu Thai, Ham Tri, Ham Thuan Bac
4 Nguyen Van Hieu Phu Thai, Ham Tri, H.T. Bac Phan Van Dong Thai Hoa, Hong Thai, Bac Binh
5 Dang Minh Thanh Phu Hoa, Ham Tri, H.T. Bac Nguyen Van Linh Thai Hoa, Hong Thai, Bac Binh
6 Tran Kim Long Vinh Son Vinh Hao Tuy Phong Nguyen Van Thanh Thai Hoa, Hong Thai, Bac Binh
7 Tran Tan Tai Vinh Son Vinh Hao Tuy Phong Vo Dao Xom 1 Phuoc The Tuy Phong
8 Ngo Van Hoa Thon 1 Phuoc The Tuy Phong Vo Le Thon 1 Phuoc The Tuy Phong
9 Nguyen Ngoc Lam Vinh Son Vinh Hao Tuy Phong Tran Van Thau Vinh Son Vinh Hao Tuy Phong
10 Ta Tu Vinh Son Vinh Hao Tuy Phong Nguyen Ngoc Tru Vinh Son Vinh Hao Tuy Phong
LAM DONG
1 Hoang Xuan Lung Soop, Da Loan, Duc Trong Ya Bi ang Da Loan, Duc Trong
2 Nguyen Van Cuong Ta Nhien, Ta Nang, Duc Trong Ya Thao Ta Nang, Duc Trong
3 Bunai No 5, Ta Nang, Duc Trong Ya Ba Ta Nang, Duc Trong

4 Tran Van Hoa Da Loan, Duc Trong
5 Za That Da Loan, Duc Trong
Thanh Binh Da Loan, Duc Trong

3.1. Physical, financial and social status of interviewed goat farms

Table1. Physical, financial and social status of interviewed goat farms
Interviewed farmers
inside of project
Interviewed farmers
Outside of project
Criterion
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
1. Religion of owner (%)

Free 93 100 33 100 100 100
Religious beliefs 7 0 67 0 0 0
2. Gender of owner (%)

Male 93 100 100 87 78 100
Female 7 0 0 13 22 0
3. Education of owner (%)

Can not reading, writing 7 16.5 0 0 0 20
A litle knew reading, writing 13 0 33 27 22 20
Finishing primary school 67 55 33 53 44 20
Finishing secondary school 13 22 34 20 34 40
Finishing technical/university 0 16.5 0 0 0 0
4. Wealth ranking

Percentage of medium farms, % 73 89 33 100 100 40
Percentage of medium farms, % 27 11 67 0 0 60
5. Member in the family

5.1. Adult
Male 1.46 1.22 1 1.8 1.78 1.2
Female 1.33 1.55 1.33 1.6 1.22 1
5.2. Children (<18 ages)
Male 1.2 1 0.6 1.86 0.88 1.8
Fem. 0.8 0.55 0.67 1.47 0.55 0.8
5.3. Labors in household

Working all day 2.1 1.66 3 2.7 2.33 2.2




Table 2. Food situation used and hiring the labors in interviewed farmers
Interviewed farmers inside

of the project
Interviewed farmers outside
of the project
Criterions
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
1. Foods security Per year (%)
Enough for 12 months 41.7 10.0 100 47.1 40.0 71.4
Surplus for 12 months 41.7 60.0 - 23.5 50.0 -
Have to buy rice for 3 months 16.7 30.0 - 29.4 10.0 28.6
2. Hired labors, % of farms/year
No hiding 50.0 30.0 33.3 41.2 20.0 71.4
1 16.7 20.0 - 29.4 20.0 -
2 - 10.0 - 5.9 10.0 -
3 - - - - 10.0 -
4 - - - - - -
5 - - 33.3 - - -
6 8.3 10.0 - - - -
In harvesting time 25.0 30.0 33.4 23.5 40.0 28.6
3. Milk consumption of farms litter/month

5.4 1.0 - 2.5 - -
4. Beef consumption of farms (meat)
kg/month
0.9 2.3 3.0 1.5 1.9 2.0
5. Goat meat consumption of farms
kg/month
1.3 0.3 - 1.9 - -
6. Lamb consumption of farms kg/month
1.0 - - 2.4 - -
7. Pork consumption of farms kg/month
6.4 7.5 9.0 6.0 5.6 6.0
8. Chicken meat consumption of farms
kg/month
2.0 1.1 1.0 2.5 0.8 0.4
9. Fish kg/month
21.0 8.6 18.0 19.0 6.4 18.0
10. Average money spent for buying food
in family, VND/month
1 434 000 1 317 750 1 140 000 1 562 000 1 080 000 706 000




3.2. Farming system in provinces

Table 3. Land area (m
2
) and yield (kg/cultivated land) of crops and forages (kg/ha)
Interviewed farmers inside
of the project

Interviewed farmers outside
of the project
Cretirion
Ninh Thuan Binh Thuan Lam Dong Ninh Thuan Binh Thuan Lam Dong
1. Rice
Area (m
2
)
4125 3800 2670 8000 3700 4840
Yield (kg/1000m
2
)
610 471 400 686 423.4 430
2. Grape
Area (m
2
)
0 0 0 2000 0 0
Yield (kg/1000m
2
)
0 - 0 600 - 0
3. Mung Bean
Area (m
2
)
0 4000 10000 4250 6000 10000
Yield (kg/1000m
2
)

0 1000 2500 1118 1130 2000
4. Forage
Area (m
2
)
1800 2100 1500 500 700 0.0
Yield (kg/m
2
) 2.3 2.8 1.25 3.1 2.1 0
5. Others: (m
2
)
17554 13330 15330 2000 6960 5083

Farming system in provinces


Plant papaya in Mr Thanh’s farm in Binh
Thuan
Raising goat and custard – apple plants , forages
in Mr Lam’s farm in Binh Thuan


Plant dragon fruit in Binh Thuan Raising cattle in Mr Chinh’s farm in Binh Thuan


Plant guava and forages in Mr Long farm’s in
Ninh Thuan
Raising goat + castle in Ninh Thuan

Plant forage and papaya in Mrs Tam’s farm in
Ninh Thuan
Raising goat in Ninh Thuan


Plant coffee in Mr Cuong’s farm in Lam Dong Raising goat + castle in Lam Dong

Plant forages and raising goat in Mrs Lung’s farm in Lam Dong

3.3. Income and Expenditure sources of interviewed farms
Table 4. Income and Expenditure sources of interviewed farms
Interviewed farmers inside Interviewed farmers outside
of the project of the project
Criterion
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Income from: (million VND/year)

The crops, mill. VND/year 8.1 29.7 56.6 13.3 14.6 48.6
The garden, mill. VND/year 0.0 2.9 64.1 0.1 2.5 24.1
The Fruit trees, mill. VND/year 5.4 4.8 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0
The cattle, mill. VND/year 2.3 10.3 15.7 1.6 5.1 0.0
The goats, mill. VND/year 6.0 7.2 13.3 6.0 8.7 0.9
The sheep, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
The pigs, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.6
The poultry, mill. VND/year
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
The animal manure, mill. VND/year 0.9 0.9 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.0
Other sources, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other sources out of agriculture, mill. VND/year 11.5 7.1 6.2 12.7 2.8 5.6
Total income (Million VND)
34.2 62.8 155.9 35.3 35.1 177.8
Cultivation rate/total income, (%) 39.5 59.5 77.4 39.5 50.4 40.9
Livestock rate/total income, (%) 26.9 29.2 18.6 24.5 41.6 56.0
Other income rate, (%) 33.6 11.3 4.0 36.0 8.0 3.2
Income from goats/agricultural income, %
27.7 13.1 8.9 27.8 27.5 0.5
Income from goats/livestock income, %
65.7 39.1 45.8 69.1 59.4 0.9
Expenses for: (million VND/year)
The crops, mill. VND/year 4.3 11.5 22.2 9.4 7.9 9.1
The Fruit/coffee trees, mill. VND/year 2.5 5.3 41.7 0.1 2.7 19.8
The cattle, mill. VND/year 5.1 4.3 1.8 0.7 5.5 0.8
The goats, mill. VND/year 3.9 4.0 4.4 6.3 5.3 2.7
The sheep, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
The pigs, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.0
The poultry, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other sources, mill. VND/year 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other sources out of agriculture, mill. VND/year 4.3 7.2 18.5 7.0 6.8 11.8
Cultivation rate/total expenses, (%) 33.9 52.1 72.1 40.3 37.5 20.9
Livestock rate/total expenses, (%) 44.7 25.6 7.0 29.9 38.4 70.5
Other (%) 21.4 22.3 20.9 29.8 24.1 8.5
Total expenses (Million VND)
20.1 32.3 88.6 23.5 28.2 138.2
Net income (Mill. VND/farm)
14.1 30.6 67.3 11.8 6.9 39.6









3.3. Goat production status of interviewed goat farms

3.3.1. Goat herd structure of interviewed farms
Herd structure
Name of farms
Breed
Does,
Head
Bulls,
Head
Fem.
grow.
Kids,

Head
Male
grow.
Kids,
Head
Kidding,
Head
Sold,
% /year
Motility,
% /year
Total
goats/
Farm,
Head
Interviewed farmers outside of the project
Ninh Thuan
Thai Van Son BT 33 0 5 7 5 14.9 28.6 50
Nguyen Ngoc Truc
BT
35 0 4 4 2 16.3 25.0 45
Khong Minh Tan
BT
30 1 10 9 0 12.5 32.4 50
Nguyen Thi Biet
BT
15 1 12 7 5 9.1 13.1 40
Huynh Tho
BT
40 1 3 6 30 0 32.1 50

Thai Ba Trung
BT
25 1 4 6 14 5.2 42.7 52
Nguyen Thi Phuong My
BT
22 1 0 1 11 15.4 29.8 35
Duong Ninh
BT
48 2 15 10 21 15.2 16.2 96
Dang Ngoc Tran Bt*Co 20 1 3 5 6 18.2 21.3 35
Nguyen Van Sang
BT
30 1 8 6 10 12.9 17.6 55
Tran Dinh Ha
BT
30 1 10 10 10 17.2 28.1 70
Nguyen Van Hung
BT
34 1 12 8 15 17.6 28.5 70
Nguyen Quoi
BT
14 0 2 3 11 12.6 27.4 30
Han Van Nien
BT
60 2 10 8 21 10.3 8.5 100
Nguyen Thi Trong
BT
15 0 6 7 20 7 31.4 48
Cao Thị Lan
BT

8 0 3 4 5 0 18.2 20
Tran Van Chinh
BT
50 1 4 5 10 0 15.0 70
Binh Thuan
Phan Van Hai
BT
25 1 1 3 10
12.5 36.5
40
Phan Truc Lam
BT
80 1 24 21 34
12.5 10.1
160
Mai Hoang Diep
BT
25 1 7 8 9
28.0 13.8
50
Phan Van Dong
BT
8 1 3 3 5
25.0 42.9
20
Nguyen Van Linh
BT
35 1 8 4 10
24.1 22.7
58

Nguyen Van Thanh
BT
10 1 5 7 7
13.3 34.8
30
Vo Le
BT
13 1 1 0 5 0.0 31.0 20
Tran Van Thau
BT
8 0 2 2 0 50.0 52.0 12
Vo Dao
BT
30 1 1 3 6 5.0 13.0 40
Nguyen Ngoc Tru
BT
11 0 0 0 7 16.7 43.8 18
Lam Dong
Ya Bi ang Bt*Co 5 1 2 4 0 25.0 25.0 12
Ya Thao
Bt*Co
4 1 1 2 0 0.0 12.5 7
Ya Ba
Bt*Co
4 1 2 2 0 0.0 18.2 9
Tran van Hoa
Bt*Co
10 1 3 2 2 17.6 37.0 17
Za That
Bt*Co

6 0 2 0 0 37.5 27.3 8
Za Thai
BT*Co
8 0 3 0 0 27.3 0 11
Thanh Binh
Bt*Co
2 1 2 1 3 0.0 19.6 10



Interviewed farmers inside of the project
NINH THUAN
Nguyen Huu Duc
BT
17 1 0 0 11 30.6 6.5 29
Su Khac Thanh
BT
26 1 0 0 15 13.2 4.5 42
Chamalea Lan
BT
9 1 0 0 6 8.2 5.9 16
Jack Sinh
BT*Co
5 0 0 0 4 18.1 18.2 9
Tran Tuan Hai
BT
35 1 12 16 6 17.6 9.1 70
Dang Ngoc Trieu
BT
28 0 4 6 2 17.5 11.1 40

Le Van Hoa
BT, Bo*Bt
32 1 6 8 4 27.3 7.3 51
Nong Quoc Hung
Bt; Sa*BT
40 2 3 7 18 0 4.1 70
Trương Long
Sa*Bt, BT
73 2 17 15 21 21.8 1.5 128
Lê Thị Tâm
BT
15 1 5 3 3 9.1 3.6 27
Hồ Trung Hiếu
BT
28 1 5 5 7 33.3 12.5 35
BINH THUAN
Nguyen Van Chinh
BT
30 1
40 20
9
21.1 10.0
71
Tran Man
BT
15 1
4 3
5
6.7 6.3
30

Tran Xuan Lang
BT
32 1
0
19
13.0 1.4
69
Nguyen Van Hieu
BT
35 1
10 12
7
81.4 12.2
43
Dang Minh Thanh
BT
37 1
9 11
4
0.0 25.5
45
Tran Kim Long
BT
24 0 0 0 8.0 3.8 25
Tran Tan Tai
BT

Ngo Van Hoa
BT
20 1 12 11 0 25.0 3.0 32

Nguyen Ngoc Lam
BT
20 1 42 0 6 34.4 9.4 32
Ta Tu
BT
85 0 50 4.4 6.3 135
LAM DONG
Hoang Xuan Lung BT 48 2 17 15 36 24.3 6.1 107
Nguyen Van Cuong Bt*Co 23 1 4 3 18 51.7 4.9 58
Bunai Co 16 1 5 8 6 8.8 5.6 34

Table 5. Average goat herd structure at interviewed provinces
Interviewed farmers inside
of the project
Interviewed farmers outside
of the project
Criterion
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Breed (%)
Bach Thao
63.6 100 33.3 94.1 100 0
Bach Thao-Boer/Saneen
27.3 0 0 0 0 0
Bach Thao - Co
9.1 0 66.7 5.9 0 100
Herd structure, heads
Does

28.0
33.1 29.0 29.9 24.5 6.2
Bulls
1.0 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.6
Fem. Kids
4.7 19.5 8.7 6.5 5.8 1.9
Male Kids
5.5 7.1 8.7 6.2 5.76 1.4
Kidding
8.8 11.1 20.0 11.5 9.3 2.0
Recycling for production
Sold for meat getting cash (%)
17.9 21.6 28.3 10.8 18.7 15.3
Slaughter/ year, Head
2.1 2 0 0 2 0
Bought for herd increasing, Head
0.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0
Motility, % per year
7.7 8.7 5.5 24.5 30.1 19.9




Table 7. Performance of goats at interviewed farms
Interviewed farmers inside of the
project
Interviewed farmers outside of the
project
Criterion
Ninh

Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam Dong Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam Dong
1. Reproduction criteria
No of kidded doe, %/herd 28 33.1 29.0 29.9 24.5 9.4
No of Pregnant doe, %/herd 10.2 12.7 25.8 17.0 10.4 47.2
No of Weaned kid, %/herd 15 6.9 25.8 12.8 11.3 37.7
No of kids, %/herd 8.8 11.1 20.0 11.5 9.3 3.8
Ages of weaning (day) 95.0 90.0 105.0 97.0 97 95
Body weight at birth (kg) 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.4
Body weight of weaned kid 9.5 10.3 10.7 8.7 9.7 7.8
Body weight of 6 month (kg) 14.2 14.6 13.9 12.1 12.7 11.5
Body weight of 9 month (kg) 19.5 20.2 18.3 17.5 18 14.9
Body weight of 12 month 22.6 23 22.7 20.9 21.2 18.7
Age at first kidding (month) 15.2 14.9 13.3 14.0 15.1 15.4
Body weight at first kidding 20.2 20.5 17 18 18.3 16.5
2. Mortality after born/total kid born %
Male kids 3.3 3.4 3.5 8.5 6.8 20
Female kids 4.2 3.2 2.3 14.2 13.5 10

Table 8. Incomes and expenses from goat raising calculated according to herd size
Interviewed farmers inside of the
project
Interviewed farmers outside of
the project
Criterion
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Herd size <50 heads
Income from (million VND)
Sold goat breed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0
Sold goat meat 3.5 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.1 0.9
Sold goat manure 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0
Total incomes 4.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.6 0.9
Expenses for (million VND)
Buy breed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.0
Buy feed 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0
Labour 1.1 1.7 0.7 1.5 1.8 1.5
Veterinary 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5

Instrument, housing 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.7
Total expenses
2.7 2.6 1.8 3.4 3.2 2.7
Frozen assetcts (does)
Value, (million VND)
13.6 10.8 23.5 23.4 7.5 7.3
Rate frozen assects/total incomes, (%) 29.4 30.6 13.2 12.8 34.7 11.9
Balanced, (million VND) 1.3 0.7 1.3 -0.4 -0.6 -1.8
Breed/total expenses (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.6 25.0 0.0
Feed supple./total expenses (%) 18.5 23.1 27.3 8.9 0.0 0.0
Herd size from 50 - 80 heads
Income from (million VND)
Sold goat breed 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Sold goat meat 6.1 7.3 23.0 5.4 9.3 -
Sold goat manure 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.8 -
Total incomes
6.6 8.2 23.0 5.4 10.1 -
Expenses for (million VND)
Buy breed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Buy feed 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 -
Labour 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.9 3.7 -
Veterinary 0.6 0.6 0.1 1.1 1.5 -
Instrument, housing 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.2 0.0 -
Total expenses
2.5 3.5
5.1
5.1 5.2 -
Frozen assets (does)
Value, (million VND) 35.6 35.5 40.0 38.5 12.0 -
Rate frozen assects/total incomes, (%) 18.5 23.1 57.5 14.0 84.2 -

Balanced, (million VND)
4.1 4.7 17.9 0.3 4.9 -
Breed/total expenses (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Feed/total expenses (%) 4.0 22.9 19.6 0.0 0.0 -
Herd size > 80 heads
Income from (million VND)
Sold goat breed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Sold goat meat 7.5 8.7 13.7 9.5 12.0 -
Sold goat manure 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 -
Total incomes
7.5 10.0 13.7 9.5 13.3 -
Expenses for (million VND)
Buy breed 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Buy feed 0.7 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.5 -
Labour 3.5 3.5 3.6 5.4 4.6 -
Veterinary 0.5 0.7 0.2 1.3 1.5 -
Instrument, housing 0.5 0.0 1.5 3.0 0.0 -
Total expenses
6.4 5.8 6.2 10.5 7.6 -
Frozen assects (does)
Value, (million VND) 70.4 42.5 55.4 53.9 42.5
-
Rate frozen assects/total incomes, (%) 10.7 23.5 24.7 17.6 31.3 -
Balanced, (million VND)
1.1 4.2 7.5 -0.9 5.7 -
Breed/total expenses (%) 18.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Feed/total expenses (%) 11.2 27.6 14.8 7.7 19.7 -
Average for herd size
Income from (million VND)
Sold goat breed 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Sold goat meat 5.7 6.2 13.3 5.8 7.8 0.9
Sold goat manure 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0
Total incomes 6.0 7.2 13.3 6.0 8.7 0.9
Expenses for (million VND)
Buy breed 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0
Buy feed 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0
Labour 2.1 2.4 2.3 3.6 3.4 1.5
Veterinary 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.5
Instrument, housing 0.3 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.7
Total expenses
3.9 4.0 4.4 6.3 5.3 2.7
Frozen assects (does)
Value, (million VND) 39.9 29.6 39.6 38.6 20.7
7.3
Rate frozen assects/total incomes, (%) 19.5 25.7 31.8 14.8 50.0 11.9
Balanced, (million VND)
2.2 3.2 8.9 -0.3 3.3 -1.8
Breed/total expenses (%) 6.2 0.0 0.0 8.9 8.3 0.0
Feed/total expenses (%) 11.2 24.5 20.6 5.5 6.6 0.0

3.4. Feed resources and feeding system for goats at interviewed farms

Table 9. Feeds and feeding system for ruminants raising in interviewed farms

Interviewed farmers inside Interviewed farmers outside
of the project of the project
Criterion
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam

Dong
Ninh
Thuan
Binh
Thuan
Lam
Dong
Forages
Area (m2) 1800 2100 1500 500 700 0.0
Yield (kg/m2) 2.3 2.8 1.25 3.1 2.1 0
Supplementation, % of farms used

Kinggrass/sweet jumbo 0 0 0 11.8 10 0
Water spinach 16.7 20 0 0 0 0
Sweet potato vine 8.3 0 0 17.6 0 0
Cassava foliage 0 0 0 0 0 0
By-product feeds 58.3 40 33 16.7 30 28.6
Use new improved forages 83.3 80 67 11.8 20 0
No supplementing for goats 16.7 10 33 58.8 60 71.4
Feeding systems

Grazing land type, %

Forest
91.7 90 100 100 100 100
Rice field
8.3 10 0 0 0 0
Garden
0 0 0 0 0 0
Stall fed

0 0 0 0 0 0
All time Grazing, % 83.3 100.0 66.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Half time grazing, % 16.7 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Time grazing (h/day) 4.0 4.4 5.5 8.0 8.2 8.5
Feed intake of goats after grazing, %

Forage (%/total forage intake, DM) 63.0 65.0 58.0 10.0 5.0 8.0
Concentrates, rice bran, Cassava roots,
maize (%/total forage intake, DM) 5.0 6.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chế biến dự trữ thức ăn

N
0
of farms making legume hay (%) 83.3 50.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
N
0
of farms making grass hay (%) 75.0 62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0












.3.5. Housing and veterinary services

Inside project Outside project


Mr Lam - Tuy Phong Binh Thuan Mrs Vo Le - Tuy Phong Binh Thuan

Mr Duc - Ninh Hai Ninh Thuan Mr Tran - Thuan Bac, Ninh Thuan


Mrs Lung - Duc Trong Lam Dong Mr Hoa, Duc Trong Lam Dong


Well clearning in goat house of Mr Cuong, Lam
Dong
Dirty floor

Collected goat manure for selling

Table 9. Infection and death of goat by diseases*
Interviewed farmers inside
of the project
Interviewed farmers outside
of the project
Criterion
Ninh Thuan Binh Thuan Ninh Thuan Binh Thuan Ninh Thuan Binh Thuan
1. Bloating

1.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd, % 3.3 3.2 6.5 17.9 7.4 18.3
Goat died /interview goat infected, % 1.0 0.0 1.0 4.1 2.5 6.4
1.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.3. Treatment by
Help by Vet, use medicine oil, ginger juice,
Doeneo-tylo. Vinager, galic, troca
Help by Vet, use medicine oil, ginger juice,
Doeneo-tylo. Vinager, galic,
2. Diarrhoea

2.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
1.6 3.0 2.1 3.9 3.7 3.9
Goat died /interview total herd %
3.8 0.0 4.3 7.4 9.8 8.3
2.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
6.5 7.0 3.9 15.7 14.9 15.6
Goat died /interview total herd %
8.8 0.0 10.1 17.2 22.8 19.4
2.3. Treatment by
Using mlocal medicine leaves, using
Streptomycin+ Penicillin;
Using mlocal medicine leaves, using
Streptomycin+ Penicillin;
3. Pasteurellosis

3.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0
3.3. Treatment by Help from the vet; using vaccine help from the vet; no using vaccine

4. Enterotoxemia

4.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.4
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.6
4.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 3.8 1.5
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.7 1.3
4.3. Treatment by Help from the vet; using vaccine help from the vet; no using vaccine
5. Scabby mouth disease

5.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
6.3 5.1 8.5 18.7 6.5 18.3
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.2 0.4 2.0 6.8 3.3 2.8
5.3. Treatment by

Lemon juice cleaning; Permanganate
cleaning; Using: human medicine; Drip
directly with Penicillin; Using: Penicillin +
Streptomycin
Lemon juice cleaning, Permanganate
cleaning; Penicillin; Penicillin +
Streptomycin
6. Pneumonia

6.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.9 0.8 1.6 2.2 1.7 5.1
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.7
6.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 1.2 2.4 1.4 3.9 7.7
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.6 3.9
6.3. Treatment by
Help from the vet; use Penicillin + step;
Using: Streptomycin
Help from the vet; use Penicillin +
Steptomicine; Using: Streptomycin
7. Pink eye

7.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.9 1.9 0.0 6.9 4.0 4.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.2 0.0 3.3 2.0 2.2
7.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.9 2.8 0.0 2.9 9.4 6.1
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.7 0.5 0.0 2.2 2.0 1.5
7.3. Treatment by
Using: salt for cleaning; using: eye drop;
Using: human medicine; Drip directly with
Penicillin; Using: eyewash
Drop NaCL 01% or Penicillin
8. Fascioliassis (Liver Fluke)

8.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
1.7 1.3 0.0 5.6 2.3 3.4
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 1.0
8.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
1.2 1.9 0.0 2.4 5.5 5.1
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.5 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.7
8.3. Treatment by

Help from the vet; Using: Ivermectin;
Dovenic
Help from the vet; Using: Ivermectin;
Dovenic
9. Fungal diseases

8.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.4 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0
8.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.7 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.4 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0
8.4. Treatment by
Salt cleaning, cover by blue metylen, using
antibiotic
Salt cleaning, Blue metylen, lemon juice,
moto oil
9. Goat Pox

9.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.6 1.2 0.0 11.3 10.3 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %

0.0 0.3 0.0 8.9 10.8 0.0
9.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.3 0.5 0.0 7.6 6.9 0.0
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.2 0.7 0.0 5.9 4.6 0.0
9.3. Treatment by Help from, project, the vet; using vaccine Traditional ways but no efficiency
10. Undernutrition

10.1. Mature animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 6.2
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 3.9
10.2. Young animal

Goat infected/interview total herd %
0.4 4.0 2.6 10.5 12.8 14.5
Goat died /interview total herd %
0.2 1.0 0.8 2.5 9.2 5.9
10.3. Treatment by Use mash; Glucose injection
Concentrate supplementation, inject
Glucose when too sick
11. Vaccination status

Enterotoxaemia
Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine
FMD

Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine
Pasteurellosis
Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine
Goat Pox
Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine No Vaccine


4. Conclusions
Recommendations for action on individual farms
(November 2007)

Ninh Thuan (Thuan Bac)
Farm 22 – Mr Le Van Hoa
This farm was visited late in the afternoon, and it was too dark and also raining, and there was not
a proper opportunity to discuss his management and inspect his pastures. Despite previous advice
offered by Dr Norton, Mr Hoa was given a Boer buck imported from BAVI for breeding, and the
data collected on goat productivity will be diminished by this action. When asked, he was
convinced that the kids from this buck were better than the kids born earlier, even though his
previous kids were also from a Boer buck, albeit, poor breeding background. As commented in the
last report, if they are larger kids growing better, then it is will be difficult to separate the effects
of this breed from better nutrition and health of the does, and the hybrid effect which often follows
the introduction of a new breed. It had been agreed at the beginning of the project that only
Bachthao bucks would be used in the first two years for breeding, but this agreement has now been
broken, not just on this farm, but on other farms where Dr Binh bowed to pressure to bring in new
breeds. However, apparently Mr Hoa has developed some excellent pastures, and his services are
being sought around the district to help establish new pastures (grasses and legumes) for goats.
There are no further inputs required here for pasture development, areas are expanding under Mr
Hoa’s initiative. Dr Binh and Dr Mui have chosen this farm as a demonstration farm for Thuan
Bac in Ninh Thuan.

Boer buck from GRRC at Bavi Ruzi grass (B. ruzizensis) is useful on many farms

The productivity data is incomplete, no records of sires and dams, new kids not ear-tagged, no
record of weight and number of new buck and this data must corrected at the next weighing in
December 2007.

Farm 21 – Mr Nong Quoc Hung
Again, visited Mr Hung after dark and when raining, so not a good opportunity to evaluate
progress. He has previously purchased a Saanen buck and doe to improve milk production, but
these have proved to be of little value. The project offered to give him a Bachthao buck in April as
a replacement, but again Dr Binh gave him another Saanen buck from GRRC as a replacement.
The same comments can be made about this decision as for the Boer buck given to Mr Hoa, there
is little point in providing a milking breed for these farmers when their ability to raise even local
goats in not very good. This data will also be difficult to interpret in relation to other data collected
on Bachthao breed, and should not be included in the general analysis. It is again that a specific
agreement between Australian and Vietnamese management has been broken without consultation
by Dr Binh. No further inputs for pasture development are required, area expanding under this
farmers management. Some Leucaena leaves have been dried for feeding but not enough to last
until the end of the dry season.



New Saanen buck appears in poor condition Dried Leucaena leaf being stored inside house

There appears to be no productivity data entered for September 2007, some male goats are
recorded but have no ear-tags, kids are recorded but have no ear-tags, no records of sire and dams,
no record of weight and number of new buck. This standard of recording is not sufficient to make
sense of any production data, and the staff will be encouraged to recover the above data and put

ear-tags in every goat. This was part of the contract with farmers, we given them resources and
they allow us to ear-tag and measure their goats.

Farm 23 - Mr Tran Tuan Hai
This farmer continues to struggle with the management of his pastures and goats due partly to
sickness in the family which limits his available labour. The Project provided some fencing wire to
prevent cattle grazing out the planted pastures, and this has been partly successful. The area
planted to pastures floods during the wet season, limiting plant growth. However, closer inspection
of the pastures showed that Stylo, Leucaena and some grasses were well established amongst the
weeds, and weeding, seed collection and re-sowing will provide significant feed for these goats in
the forth-coming dry season. No further inputs of pasture seed are recommended for this farm
until the farmer shows some better management of the pastures now present. There have been
waves of death in his goat herd (since September), we suspect due to mis-management. Mr Tai is
often away from the farms for days at a time attending to his sick son, and left goat management to
local relatives/neighbours. It is likely that pregnant does and their kids died of starvation when
kept in the goat house for long periods with little or no feed. The project offered him money to pay
labour to better look after these goats, but not sure whether offer will be accepted. It is
recommended that the project continue to provide vaccinations but no further pasture inputs until
management improves.




Stylo and grasses are growing amongst the weeds Mr Hai with new buck (November 2007)

The production records are also incomplete, no records of sires and dams, weight or number of
new buck, there are goats without numbers and without eartags, all deficiencies must be corrected
at next measurements.

Farm 24 - Mr Dang Ngoc Trieu
The standard of management on this farm is poor, and cattle are competing significantly with
goats for feed resources. All project pastures had failed when inspected last March, and the owner
had decided to grow Elephant grass at another place. The land where pastures were planted now
planted to maize. As a consequence, these goats have little grown pasture for improving nutrition.
When inspected, goats were feeding from bundles of naturalised Leucaena, Elephant grass and
“local” apple leaves.



Poor management of manure pits Goats eating naturalised Leucaena

Farm 20 - Mr Jeak Sinh
Once again we visited Mr Sinh and no one was home. Even those delivering his new buck had
great difficulty in finding him. There are no established pastures on his farm, previously it was
thought that too dry, and that some annual pastures might be useful for this area. When inspected
this time (end of wet season), there was good forage growth on his land confirming a view that
fodder conservation is a realistic option for sustaining goat productivity during the dry season.
However, the general lack of interest by this farmer in better management suggests that no further
support for pastures need be provided. This farm will serve as an example of how feed reserves are
critical for the long term survival of goats in this environment. It was also dark when we visited
and no photos were taken.

Farm 19 – Mr Chamlea Lan
This farmer came home shortly after we arrived at his property, and because it was almost dark, it
was not possible to closely inspect the goats or the pastures. As for Mr Sinh who lives closeby,
pastures had failed to establish on this farm due to its long dry season and insufficient water for
irrigation. However, at this time of year (end of rainy season) there was a significant amount of
grass and weeds on vacant land here, and as suggested before, ample opportunity to plant annual
grasses and legumes, and to harvest for use in the dry season as hay. As noted before, rice straw is

stored for cattle, there is no reason why grass hay should not be stored for goats. It seems that
farmers do not care enough about their goats to plan for harvesting feed for the dry season. Mr Lan
sold some of his goats to buy more cattle. I do not think that it is worth pursuing further pasture
development here unless the farmers show some interest in managing such resources. As for the
other farms, there are goats here without ear-tags, no identification of sires and dams, no records
of when and how goats died or were sold, it was expected that all goats sold would be weighed at
that time. Again these problems must be urgently addressed if meaningful data is to be gained
from this study.



Conservation of fodder in early wet season possible Mr Lan with his new Bachthao buck

Ninh Hai
Farm 17 - Mr Nguyen Huu Duc
This is only a small farm but has a well constructed goat house and manure collection system, and
well established pastures of Guinea and Ruzi grass, with Leucaena as a protective fence. Concern
was registered in the last report about salt appearing on the surface of the heavily watered grass
plots, but as shown below this effect may be removed by the high rainfall in the wet season. It was
noted from a well next to this house that the water table was only a metre below the surface. The
leucaena is growing well but quite heavily infested with Psyllids. Does and their kids are held in
adjacent paddock when rest go out the graze. This farmer should be encouraged to also plant this
area to pasture as a reserve for the dry season. Dr Mui has been promoting the planting of a hybrid
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) developed in Vietnam, purportedly having high protein
and sugar contents as well as high DM yields. Stem cuttings were planted on this farm in the first
week of November 2007. This farm has been chosen as a Demonstration farm for Ninh Hai
district.

Mrs Duc harvesting Ruzi grass for feeding Adjacent paddock used to hold does and their kids

As for the other farms, the recording of animal productivity has been poor, no dates or weights of
goats sold or died have been recorded, and while only a few kids had been born upto September,
these had not been ear-tagged, there are many more now that need identification. There is no
weight or number for new buck, and no records of sires and dams of older goats. These
deficiencies need to be corrected at the December weighing.

Farm 16 - Mr Su Khac Thanh
The goats here appeared healthy and with kids, the new buck was not available for inspection
having been lent to a relative to look after. This farm seems to have more sheep than goats, and
has sugar cane as it main crop. The past problems of waterlogged and salted soils remains, and
fails to grow any improved pasture grasses or legumes. At the last visit Dr Gutteridge suggested
that Para grass might be worth trying on these wet soils, or salt tolerant species such as Rhodes
Grass. However none of these suggestions have been taken up, instead, the same species have
been replanted, and Water Spinach is being tested, A comment was made at the last visit that
Leucaena and other plants (including cactus) were growing well on the raised banks along the rode
and around the field, and that perhaps we should be planting on these areas. Again no action has
been taken on this suggestion which is disappointing. A further suggestion was made that perhaps
sugar cane could be grown and cut for the goats, this technology is well developed and very
applicable to this farm, Again nothing has been done about this, and I believe that we have done as
much as we can to encourage the use of new technologies on this farm without effect. The reasons
for this failure must be explored before any further investment is made on this farm. There seems
to be a major problem here in farmer adoption of these technologies, perhaps it is considered too
difficult or goats are not important enough to them to make the effort to improve their productivity.



Clitorea, leucaena and cactus grow well on raised banks, while ponded soil sterile

As for the other farms, the recording of animal productivity has been poor, no dates or weights of
goats sold or died have been recorded, and while only a few kids had been born upto September,
these had not been ear-tagged, there are many more now that need identification. There is no
weight or number for new buck, and no records of sires and dams of older goats. These
deficiencies must be corrected at the December 2007 weighing.

Ninh Phuoc
Farm 12 - Mr Truong Long
Mr Long is one of the largest farms in the project, and he has rapidly adopted the technologies
being offered. He has expanded his areas of pastures, and Leucaena now forms a fence around his
main property. While there is plenty of feed available, he was actually feeding “local apples
leaves” to his goats at the time of our inspection. It will be interesting to know whether the
increased feed supply will be sufficient to feed his goats through the dry season, I would be
encouraging him (and all farmers in our project) to start harvesting and drying feed now in
readiness for that time. This should the major focus of project activity for Mr Long in the coming
year. At the last meeting we had agreed to provide him with a new Bachthao buck, but without
consultation, Dr Binh has given him a Saanen buck imported from GRRC because Mr Long wants
to start a milking herd to supply local demand. It is my view that this was not part of the project
plan, and will diminish the impact of the study for recommendations to local small farmers. I do
not believe that the management skills of any farmers in the project are sufficient to meet the
challenges of more intensive production systems, and we have not yet completed one full year of
data collection on which to base our understanding. For example, will milking goats be able to be
vaccinated with goat pox vaccines every 6 months without compromising human health. It must
also be said that any improved production with pure Bachthao goats seen so far is due to better
management and when a new buck is introduced maybe to some hybrid vigour. It was planned to
optimise the productivity of Bachthao herds first before introducing any new breeds. This
evaluation now cannot be made on Mr Longs farm.

New Saanen buck for Mr Long Leucaena and Elephant grass preferred feed

The productivity data are also incomplete, no sires or dams recorded, incomplete set of ages so
cant calculate birth dates, no eartags added since first lot put in animals weighed without
identification, no record of new buck (weight or number) although kids have been produced from
this buck. Very poor record of events, and needs fixing.

Farm 10 – Ms Le Thi Tam
This farm started well, and her pastures have been well established and continue to be a source of
feed for her goats. She cuts fresh grass each day where needed, and will start making hay soon.
She has expanded her areas of planting further than the original plots. No further support needs to
be provided for pasture establishment. However, like other farms, less attention has been paid to
the goats and their well-being than is needed. Ten of her 30 does died earlier in the year under
mysterious circumstances. It seems that all pregnant does were injected twice over a period of two
months between March and June 2007 with the Goat Pox vaccine, once by project staff (in March)
and then again later by DARD staff. There is no record of this vaccination in the records available.
There has been no report or investigation made of this incident, which further makes the case for a
systematic and more thorough study of this disease in the south of Vietnam. This is another
example of poor management by project staff of this program, and also indicates little liaison
between DARD and Project staff in this district. It is not clear whether she still has the buck
provided by the Project.



Flemingia being cut for feed Leucaena is also performing well here

The productivity data are also incomplete, no sires or dams recorded, incomplete set of ages so
can’t calculate birth dates, the dates are also wrong for the recording time, no eartags added since
first lot put in animals weighed without identification, no record of new buck (weight or number)
although kids have been produced from this buck. Must be corrected at next weighing.

Farm 15 – Mr Ho Trung Hieu
There was no opportunity to inspect these pastures because it was too wet, but all the goats were
penned and inspected. There appears to be no incidence of disease and low mortality of kids. A