Cooperation programs and agricultural rural development "Sustainable Development in Dak lak ca infected trees" pptx

Proceedings of Macadamia Workshop
Dak Lak Augaust 2009



Contents

Itinerary of Macadamia Workshop………………………………………….Page 2

Papers and presentations attached (PDF) separately. See NOTE……… Page 3

Participants List of Macadamia Workshop……………………………… Page 4

Macadamia Workshop proceeding notes by Hoang Hoe………………… Page 7

Macadamia Workshop Opening speech by Martin Novak……………… Page 11

Macadamia Workshop proceeding notes by Martin Novak……………….Page 12

WASI research paper by Dr Vinh and Ms Thao………………………… Page 17

FSI research paper by Dr Hai and Mr Kien……………………………… Page 24

Macadamia growing in Thailand, abstract Uthai Noppakoonwong et al…Page 30

Question sent to the Conference by the participants……………………….Page 31

2

Opening Speech of Mr. Dinh Van Khiet, Vice Chairman of Daklak province

Itinerary of Macadamia Workshop
Buôn Mê Thut, Daklak, August 4,5-2009

August 4/2009 Meeting Hall of DARD, Buôn mê thut City

Morning: 7h30- 8h00 Registration of participants
8h00-8h20 Opening speech of Chairman, Daklak province PC
8h20-8h40: Speech of Director of DARD
8h40-8h50: Speech of the Representative of CARD
8h50-9h10: Martin Novak: Perspective of Growing Macadamias in Vietnam, Overview of
Macadamia project 037/VIE/07 (2006-2008) -PPT
9h10- 9h30 Kim Wilson: Macadamias Industry in Australia & the World, Remarks on
Macadamias growing in Daklak. PPT
Coffee Break 20 minutes
9h50- 10h10: Report of WASI - PPT
10h10- 10h30:Report of RCFTB, FSI - PPT
10h30-10h40 Report of small farmer Mr. Thu: Inter-cropping of Macadamias and
Coffee Orchard. PPT
10h40 – 11h00: Report of New Nursery in Yen thuy by Long Phuong Co. Ltd PPT
11h00- 11h 15: Speech of Director of Dongnafoods
11h15-11h30: Prof. HoangHoe: “ Forecast of Macadamias growing in Central
Highland in the future.” PPT


3
LUNCH 11h30 - 13h00
Afternoon:

13h30- 14h10: Thailand’s Macadamias Experiences, Dr. Uthai Noppakoonwong, Research
Center of Agriculture of Thailand in Chiangmai - PPT
14h00-14h40 Quangxi, China Macadamias Experiences, Dr. Chen, Macadamias Research
Center, Quangxi Research Institute for sub-tropical Crops.
14h40- 15h00 Report on QUY-YEN-1 Variety, Prof. Tran Quoc Hien Longzhou Experimental
Station PPT
15h00-15h20 Speeches of local farmers and others.

Coffee Break 20 minutes
15h40 – 16h40: Question and answer session. (See notes below Hoang Hoe , Martin Novak)
16h40- 17h00 Closing remarks by Martin Novak, Kim Wilson, Hoang Hoe

Dinner
19h00- Welcome Party

August 5/2009: Field trip
Morning 7h00 Car departure from Buôn Mê Thut to Phú lc, Krông nng, 70 Km
9h00- 10h30 Visit the Garden of Mr. Thu in Phú lc Commune (Cancelled due to rain)
11h00- 13h30 Lunch at Krông nng
13h30- 15h00 Car return to Buôn mê thut City
15h00- 17h00 Visit WASI, Eakmat BMT
17h00-17h30 Closing Ceremony at WASI meeting Hall

Interpreters - Mr. Ngo Sy Hoai (English) Prof. Hoang Hoe (Chinese)


Note:
All presentations that have been submitted are noted above as PPT. They are available as
PDF documents attached separately. Additional copies are available from the CETD

office. Additional Photos and video of the Workshop are also available.


Participants at the conclusion of Macadamia Training Workshop Dak Lak 2009



4


List of all participants
No.

NAME ORGANIZATION ADDRESS PHONE
1 inh vn Khit Vice Chair, klk Province PC
2 Nguyn ngc #ng PC Office of klk Province 0985404625
3 Y Ly Niêm Former Chaiman of Dklk PC 0913436441
4 Y Dlienie Director, Department for Science

Technics of Dklk Province

5 Trnh %c Ninh Department for Science Technics

of Dklk Province
0914032600
6 Võ xuân Nhung Department for Planning &

Investment, Daklak
0914042870
7 Hoàng th Thanh

Hng
Department for

Resources&Enviroment
Daklak
0989302242
8 Trng th Xê Director, Department for Agriculture&

Rural development, klk
47 Nguyn tt Thành,

TP Buôn mê Thut

9 Sinh Vive Director, Department for

Agriculture& Rural

development, klk

10 Phm tin Sang Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk
0913475602
11 " tun Hng Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk

12 Phm hùng C#ng Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk
0905055763
13 Nguyn vn By Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk
0914142366
14 Nguyn %c Hoàng Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk
0904171799
15 Nguyn vn Minh Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk
0983049076
16 inh vm Tin Department for Agriculture& Rural

development, klk klk
0914179277
17 Hà công BÌnh Director, Forestry Department, klk


18 Võ minh Quân Forestry Department, klk 0914067965
19 Hunh trung Luân Forestry Department, klk 0903524882
20 Siu niê Phng Forestry Department, klk 0983336075
21 Hrêmi Niésiêng Forestry Department, klk 09122323675
22 Nguyn %c Vit Forestry Department, klk 0913448849
23 Nguyn qu c Hng Vice Director, Forestry Department,

klk
0913475321

24 Hunh qu c Th%c Forestry Department, klk 0914058420
25 Nguyn vit Tân Forestry Department, klk 0983417737
26 Lê th H!ng Thúy Forestry Department, klk 0982886468
27 Lê thanh Thnh President, Forestry

Association, Dklk

28 " ình Th$ Forestry Association, Dklk
29 H! vit Sc Forestry Association, Dklk
30 Nguyn an Vinh President, Union of Science &

Technics Associations of klk

province
0913435074
31 Trng th Hoa Department of Forest Protection,

Daklak

5
32 Nguy"n ình Thi Forestry Association of Daklak
33 Nguy"n vn Bá President, Horticulture Association,

Daklak
0982384818
34 Dng ình Long Horticulture Association, Daklak 0982001204
35 Nguy"n hc Hi!n Department Agriculture & Rural

Development Daklak
0936410410

36 Nguy"n quang Th* Project Agricultural Compitetion,

DARD
0913435181
37 Nguy"n tt Chi!n VN Television at klk 0914002945
38  ng ,c Cnh Telivision of Dklk 0979151885
39 Minh Thun Daklak NewsPaper 0903569981
40 Dngti!n ,c Sub Department for Plant protection 0914221166
41 Hunh ình +ng Vice Chair, Krông nng PC 0913435352
42 V vn M0 Vice Chair, Krông Buk PC 0913436446
43 Bùi công Lng Agriculture Section, District EAHLEO

0987831367
44 Trn i Sn Farmer, krông nng
45 Trn hng Th$nh Farmer, Krông nng
46 Nguy"n vn Cúc Farmer, Krông nng
47 inh vn Thu Farmer, krông nng
47 inh vn $nh Farmer, Krông nng
48 Lê nng Hùng Farmer, Krông nng
49 inh kim Phong Farmer, Krông nng
50 Nguy"n vn Hà Agriculture Section, District EaKar 0905149986
51 Trn vn ông Agriculture Extension Unit,

District Eakar
0905149984
52 Ya sao Ksa r Agriculture Extension Unit, District

Eahleo
0935614984
53 Nguy"n h&ng Mnh Forest Farm, Eâhkar 0913434006

54 Tr$nh ti!n B' Center for Seeds , DARD 0905053366
55 Nguy"n vn Khâm State Forest Company of High land 0914011016
56 Lê vn L/c State Forest Company D,c Uy
57 Nguy"n h.u Phát Sub department for Plant Protection 0913435091
58 Phm vn Qu State Forest Company Nam nung 09134799575
59 Nguy"n th! Anh State Forest Company Nam nung 0905133077
60 Lê hi Ninh Department Agriculture of Lâm &ng

Province
0918812640
61 Phm vn Huy Department Agriculture of Lâm &ng

Province
0913934607
62 TRn xuân H&ng Farmer Association of k nông

Province
0982526256
63 Nguy"n nht L# Agricuture Extension of Daknong

Province
0905275715
64 Nguy"n huy Phát Agricuture Extension of Daklak

Province

65 V th$ thanh Bình Plant Protection sub-department 0988791278
66 Lê nng M(i Farmer Association of District C

Knin

01685735462
67 Trn vi#t H&ng Farmer Association of District C

Knin
2213299
68 inh xuân S-u Coffee Company Thng l)i 0906562399
69 Nguy"n xuân H&ng Agriculture Crops Farm C Pun 01698592857
70 Nguy"n tr%ng L)i Agriculture Crops Farm C Pun 0905418177
71 Lê ng%c Hà Agriculture Crops Farm C Pun 09055486633
72 Quách ,c Hnh Seeds Center 0913471322
73 Ngô h.u Châu Agriculture Extension unit, DARD 0983060334
6
74 Hoàng Phúc Long Ph'ng Co.Ltd
75 Hoàng Tùng Long Ph'ng Co Ltd
76 Nguyn Thái H!c President, Cashew Nuts Association 0914532505
77 Nguyn ình Khái DONAFOODS
78 Hoàng thanh Tim Director, WASI
79 Trng H#ng Vice Director, WASI
80 Phm th Phng Tho

WASI
81 Trn th Minh Hu WASI 0914406959
82 Mai trung Kiên RCFTI, FSI 0912377322
83 Nguyn h*u Ninh Farmer, Krông nng klk 0984228270
84 Nguyn th Loan VIFA Daklak 05003868593
85 $ vn Nhun VIFA
86 Bùi xuân Tr&ng Project 037VIE05
87 Phm th L Project 037VIE05
88 Ngô s, Hoài VIFA
89 Nguyn Lân Hùng Vietnam Biological Association

90 Ngô D(c Hip Center for Forest Science &

Production of South Vietnam
0913742109
91 Phan Xuân Thanh Institute of Tropical Biology Sciences,

HochiMinh

92 Trn tin D+c Forestry Department
93 Lê h#ng Phong State Forest Farm Buôn Gia Vm,

klk

94 Nguyn nh Quang Long ph'ng Co Ltd,
95 Nguyn Hà Hu (CARD) 0913520818
96 Marlo Rankin ( CARD) 0934529822
97 Lam khánh Giang Experimental Station , Longzhou,

Guangxi, China

98 L t) Kin Experimental Station , Longzhou,

Guangxi, China

99 Mc tiu Nhn Experimental Station , Longzhou,

Guangxi, China

100 Trn hin Qu"c China Guangxi Sub-tropical Crops

Research Institute

101 Uthai Center for Agricultural Crops

Research, Chiengmai, Thailand

102 Pichit Center for Agricultural Crops

Research, Chiengmai, Thailand

103 Chatnapa Center for Agricultural Crops

Research, Chiengmai, Thailand

104 Manop Hunthavee Center for Agricultural Crops

Research, Chiengmai, Thailand

105 MARTIN NOVAK Project 037/VIE/05 President, SFFA
106 KIM WILSON Project 037/VIE/05 President, AMS 0408663991
107 HOÀNG HòE Project 037/VIE/05 114 Hoàng Qu"c vit,

Cu giy, Hà n%i
0904793088

7


MACADAMIA WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
"The Sustainable Development of Macadamia Dak Lak"
Buon Ma Thuat, 4-5
th
August 2009
Director of CETD Hoang Hoe

1. Presider of the conference:
1. Professor Hoang Hoe (Director – CETD and Vietnam CARD project team leader).
2. Mr. Martin Novak (President of Australian Subtropical Forestry Association and Australian
CARD project team leader). (See speech summary page 25)
3. Mr. Dinh Van Khiet: (Vice Chairman of Dak Lak province.)
2. Time: 7h30 on 04/08/2009 - 11h30 on 05/08/2009.
3. Location: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Dak Lak province.
47 Nguyen Tat Thanh, Buon Ma Thuot city.
And Central Highland Agriculture and Silviculture Science Institute (WASI).

4. Number of participants: 107 people, including the leaders of Daklak Provincial People's
Committee, the leaders and officials of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development,
Science and Technology, Planning and Investment, Resource and Environment, the leaders of the
People's Committee of Krong District, Eahleo, Eakar, Divisions of Forestry, The Forestry
Department, Department of Plant Protection, the Seed crops and Livestock Center, the
Agriculture Extension Center, the Association Union of Provincial Science and Technology,
Forestry Science and Technology Association, the Garden, the Farmers Association, Vietnamese

Cashew Association, Vietnam Forestry Science and Technology Association, Central Highland
Agriculture-Forestry Science and Technology Institute, Vietnam Forestry Science Institute, Ho
Chi Minh City Tropical Biology Institute, Central Highland University, some forestry companies
and coffee companies, Cashew Processing Company in Dong Nai province, many farm owners
and farmers of Krong nang, Eahleo and Eakar district. In addition to representatives of Daklak,
some representatives of Lam Dong, Dak Nong Province also attended to the conference.

5. Objective: Seminar Topic "The Sustainable Development of Macadamia Dak Lak"
As a new plant in Vietnam, particularly in Daklak, macadamia has been planted for less than 10
years. However, through the research and experience of the Central Highland Agriculture-
Forestry Science and Technology Institute and Vietnam Forestry Science Institute and via the
practical planting of farmers, the results have shown that the potential development is very
positive. The workshop purpose is to provide the necessary knowledge about macadamia in the
Central highland provinces and particularly in Daklak, through listening to scientific reports and
practices of the Australian experts, of Macadamia Project 037/VIE/05, of scientists, research
institutes, some farmers and businesses, some discussion of the Chinese and Thai experts on their
experiences over 30 years of developing macadamia, through questioning and answering for
deeper understanding. The conference more clearly saw the potential and development of
macadamia planting in Daklak.

6. Content: In the very beginning of the Seminar, Mr. Do Van Nhuan (vice President and
Secretary General of Vietnam Forestry Science and Technology Association (VIFA), stated the
reasons, introduced the chairman delegation, introduced the representatives, purpose, content of
the workshop.

8

On 04/08/2009:

The Seminar Opening Speech of Mr. Dinh Van Khiet, Vice Chairman of Daklak province:

Provincial leaders welcome to the Macadamia Project 037/VIE/05, hold this seminar in Daklak
Province; the Conference meet the aspirations and requirements of leadership, investors and
farmers in the province. Daklak Province has great deal of coffee, rubber, cashew, pepper, yet
still has land for developing macadamia and intercropping into the coffee plants and replacing
some cashew and rubber areas. The province will have policies to support businesses and farmers
to plant macadamia. The province will study and develop a program to for macadamia in the near
future.

The seminar participants listened to the following reports:
1 The prospect of developing macadamia in Vietnam. The presenter: Mr. Martin Novak.
Chairman of Australian Subtropical Forestry Association, Australian CARD Project Director.
2 Macadamia Industries in the world and in Daklak. The presenter: Mr. Kim Wilson, Chairman
of Australia Macadamia Society, Specialist of the Macadamia Project.
3 Reporting Theme: "Researching the selection of macadamia varieties suitable the conditions
of central highland region and the development possibility of macadamia in intercropping
method. The presenter: Ms. Dang Thi Thuy Thao (Central Highland Agriculture-Forestry Science
and Technology Institute).
4 Preliminary wrap-up report: "Continue experiencing and evaluate the developing ability of
macadamia in Vietnam." The presenter: Mr. Mai Trung Kien (Research Center of Forest
Varieties, Institute of Forestry Science Viet Nam).
5 Reports of Mr. Thu on his macadamia intercropping with coffee plantation in Phu Loc
commune, Krong nang district, Daklak province.
6 Report of Introducing Yen Thuy Seedling Garden (Hoa Binh) of Mr. Hoang Tung, Director
of Long Phuong Ltd., Co.
7 The speech of Mr. Nguyen Thai Hoc, Dong Nai Foods Company. Chairman of Vietnam
Cashew Association.
8 Speech "Think about some Macadamia Development Strategy Issues in Central Highland” by:
Professor Hoang Hoe, Director of Macadamia Project 9 An Introduction of Thai Experience.
The presenter: Dr. Uthai Noppakoonwong, Director of Royalty Agricultural Research Center in
Chiangmai, Thailand.

10 An Introduction of experience of Guangxi, China. The presenter: Associate Professor Tran
Quoc Hien, Director of Macadamia Research Center, Guangxi Subtropical Plant Research
Center.
11. - An Introduction of Cinnamon 1 variety, the Long Zhou Experiment Center, Guangxi.
12. - Speeches of a number of local representatives, in which:
- Comments of Mr. Year Ghi Nie, Director of Daklak Science and Technology Department:
affirmed to support growing macadamia in Dak Lak, with experience in intercropping macadamia
with cocoa, coffee, and cashew trees.

Recommendations: - Develop macadamia but still need grower to be assured that there are buyers
willing to purchase the product from the grower.
- Must have a combination of the four: The investor (business) + state + scientists +
farmer.
- Looking forward to the time when there is significant involvement by the state and
many scientists.
9
13 The speech of Mr. Nguyen Lan Hung (Secretary General of Biology Vietnam) stated:
+ The output for macadamia seeds is completely assured.
+ When the farmers buy variety, they should request the bills for later retrieval, if the crop were
not good, they would know where they have bought the variety.
+ The province should create good conditions to support business to invest into planting
macadamia, business needs to be pioneered and then farmers will learn to follow.
+ Must give accurate information to farmers.
+ Must find products such as macadamia crops to introduce to the farmers.
+ Local, University, Research Institute and businesses together contribute to research and
develop macadamia.

7. Summary of comments discussed: many delegates noted the questions and answers were as
follows:
Question 1:

a) On the gray sand mixed soil, can macadamia bear the floods?
Answers (Kim Wilson): Macadamia needs the soil with good drainage, preferably planting
macadamia on the red soil, basalt and  grown in the soil with deep sand mixed layer and good
drainage. Require to plant on the soil to be able to drainage well.
b) If the macadamia trees have been intercropped with coffee and cashew trees, is it effective?
Can the people living in the area with 2 seasons (rainy and dry seasons) grow macadamia trees?
Answers (Kim Wilson): Conditions for growing cashew trees are different from conditions for
macadamia trees. But experience shows that having macadamia intercropped with tea plant,
coffee has been successful, macadamia should not be intercropped with cashew trees. With
conditions in Vietnam, intercropping helps people reduce initial costs.
c) What is the maximum ratio of slope for effective macadamia cultivation?
Answers (Kim Wilson): On the slope, terraced fields must be built to avoid erode. Note to
intercrop with other plants.
Question 2:
Growing macadamia massively, in Dak Lak what is the appropriate planting density?
Answers (Kim Wilson):
+ In Australia, planting density is 312 trees / ha => dense, harvesting fast and not intercropping.
+ At the slopes, density is of 200 trees / ha.
+ Appropriate density for Vietnam on the flat upland is around 300 trees / ha, on the slopes, less
than 200 trees / ha.
Question 3:
a) Are the grafted varieties of macadamia important? And which grafted variety should be used ?
b) How much is the cost and identified time to take back the capital? What is the minimum
productivity to get profit? How many years can we harvest from a macadamia?
Answers (Kim Wilson):
a) The original grafted variety has big influence on the growth and development of macadamia.
In Australia, original grafted variety H2 is used most commonly. This variety has been sent to
Vietnam to transplant and cultivate saplings. The characteristics of seedling H2 are: equal trees,
good development. The grafted trees produce fruits earlier than trees from seeds.
b) In Australia, the initial investment and labor costs labor are very expensive, mechanizing is

compulsory, so the initial cost is high. From 4-5 years, the farmers do not gain anything, up to
year 7, they can balance between inputs and outputs, factors affecting the profit are output,
productivity and price of 1kg. Average yield of macadamia trees in farm over 10 years is
3.000kg/ha/year. Some places have reached 5000 kg /ha /year. The price of seed (NIS) is over 2
dollars/kg. In Hawaii 60-year-old trees still produce very good results.
10
Question 4:
Is Whip graft good for a long life of tree? Considering that macadamia is a multifunctional tree,
are its leave and wood useful? Is the macadamia’s nutritional value more than cashew?
Answers (Kim Wilson) Grafting methods do not affect the growth and development of plants. In
Australia no-one cut down macadamia for timber, only when the tree tumbles in the windy storm,
they saw timber slabs. In Australia, they have had expenditure for research on the nutrition of
macadamia with the human. Nutritional value of macadamia is very high, much oil (78%),
protein, amino acid, multiple vitamins, eating macadamia’s nut is good for health. There are
many documents talking about this issue. Therefore, the price of macadamia nut kernel is
currently very high, over 20 USD / kg.
Question 5:
How can we combine breeding with growing macadamia?
Answers (Kim Wilson): Breeding is not encouraged when the plants are still young, and when
plants have fruits. Only combine in grass garden, grass for breeding, turn useless labor to useful
work.

8. Date 05/08/2009.
- The delegation went to Central Highland Agriculture Forestry Science Institute in EaKMAT.
- Listened to the leadership of the Institute present a report introducing the Institute and its
research.
- The delegation had a tour in the seedling garden and the experimental garden for macadamia of
the Institute.
Many questions were discussed in the field.

9. Conclusion
Professor Hoang Hoe, on behalf of Macadamia Project thanked Daklak Provincial People's
Committee, Daklak Agriculture and Rural Development and the delegates for their attention,
contributing many ideas to the workshop, thanked the international friends from Thailand and
China who attended workshops with many interesting reports. The conference was perfectly
successful.

Professor Hoang Hoe emphasized a few following points:
- The conference has affirmed the possibility to grow and develop macadamia in Daklak and
Central Highland, however, macadamia need developing in a stainable way, not a massive
movement. Central Highland has many ecological sub-areas (climate, soil ), which are suitable
to macadamia plants, ensuring macadamia can be grown and developed well, bringing high
economic efficiency and protecting environment.
- Need to establish a sub-branch of an association for Dak Lak Macadamias, which is under
Daklak Forestry Science and Technology Association to bring together, the businesses and the
people who desire to grow macadamia, helping each other to develop the industry.
- Operation of the branch focuses on the issues of sharing information, universalize knowledge,
support and encourage growing macadamia in Dak Lak.
- The branch establishment board will do the necessary procedures to quickly take to the branch
into operation.
- Due to the rain, very slippery road, the Organization Board did not bring the delegations to visit
the macadamia intercropped with coffee plants garden at Mr. Thu’s home in Phu Loc commune,
Krong nang district.

Seminar ended at 11h30 'on 05/08/2009.
11

Ha Noi, August 6
th
2009 Director of CETD Hoang Hoe

The Chinese delegation with CARD project leaders. From the left: Kim Wilson, Dr Li, Hoang
Tung, Ms Tran, Dr Lam, Hoang Hoe and Martin Novak

Opening speech - Australian CARD project Director, Martin Novak

Welcome to you all. It is good to see you all here. Many of you have come from a long way
away, including our Chinese friends. It is important that we work together for the benefit of the
Macadamia industry both globally and nationally. Your attendance and presentations contribute
to this process.

Macadamia is a good tree crop, producing a healthy food, while at the same time being of benefit
to the environment and the economy. This industry has the potential to help the poor farmer as
well as the nations economy.

Congratulations to Vietnam for joining the International Macadamia industry which includes
Australia, USA, South Africa, China and a number of other countries growing the worlds finest
nut. The nut is a native of Australia’s rainforest and is still largely unknown to much of the
world. This is despite the fact, that it is one of the healthiest and finest tasting nuts the world has
to offer.

12
Growing Macadamia in Vietnam has the potential to enhance economic, socials and
environmental values of the country while at the same time helping to expand the global
macadamia production of a higher value tree crop.

Macadamia nuts comprise less than 2 % of the world nut trade, so additional production is needed
if the world is to benefit from such a premium nut.

Australia leads the world in terms of kernel production of over 40,000 ton and an area of
plantings of 21,000 ha more than double that of Hawaii and South Africa.

Vietnam and Australian governments have recognized the importance of collaborative
development in the agricultural sector with regard to many crops including that of Macadamia.
Although Vietnam is a poor country, it has been recognize as a valuable partner when it comes to
agricultural initiatives such as that of Macadamia.

Under the Collaborative Agricultural and Rural Development program (CARD)
the Australian and Vietnam government are supporting a project which aims to help Vietnam in
its sustainable development of a macadamia industry and integrate this development with that of
the other countries involved, especially that of Australia. This type of collaborative higher value
agricultural development utilises the existing skills of all those involved and creates a synergy for
greater benefits for all.


Dak Lak Macadamia Training Workshop Notes

Martin Novak Australian CARD project director

Itinerary & notes of presentations and speeches of Macadamias Workshop
Workshop held at Buôn mê thut, Daklak,
August 4,5-2009

August 4/2009 Meeting Hall of DARD, Buôn mê thut City

Morning
: 7h30- 8h00 Registration of participants – 107 registered.

8h00-8h20 Opening speech Vice Chairman Dinh Van Kheit, Daklak province PC

8h20-8h40: Speech of Director of DARD

8h40-8h50: Speech of the Representative of CARD Mr Hue-
Description of the CARD program. (See CARD website www.card.com.vn)

8h50-9h10: Martin Novak: Perspective of Growing Macadamias in Vietnam, Overview of
Macadamias project 037/VIE/07 (2006-2008) (See PPT)

9h10- 9h30 Kim Wilson: Macadamias Industry in Australia & the World, Remarks on
Macadamias growing in Daklak. (See PPT)
Break 20 minutes

13
9h50- 10h10: Report of WASI (See translation below & PPT)
Ms. Tuo Inter-planting of macadamia varieties from Australia, China, & Thailand
Coffee and cocoa interplant with macadamia varieties OC H2 508 are the most promising based
on their monitoring to date.
Intercropping is successful.
See PPT needs translating

10h10- 10h30: Report of RCFTB, PPT FSI Kien
2006-2008 stage 2 includes Daklak 16 ha in 7 areas variety trial. (See PPT)

10h30-10h40 Mr. Thu farmer gave presentation: Inter-cropping of Macadamias and Coffee
Orchards. (See PPT)

10h40 – 11h 00: Report of New Nursery and trial Yen thuy by Long Phuong Co. Ltd Mr Tung
[See PPT]

11h00- 11h 15: Speech of Dongna foods

Chairman Mr Hi spoke of his companies role in Cashew and macadamia processing.

1997 Waring Co joined Dongnafoods to process cashew nut. Mr Hi saw macadamia processing in
Australia so asked Waring to bring processing to Australia.

Mr. Tan (Past Vice President) encouraged them to develop macadamia processing in Vietnam.
They visited processing in China and South Africa
They imported 1000kg NIS for seed from China and some from Australia.
Kim Wilson supplied 200 grafted seedlings. 2006
They could not find land for plantations They planted 10000 seedlings they could start plantation
at cost of 1 seedling $2 /30000vnd
1983 10000 ha cashew nut Mr. Tan advised to find good clones for cashew. They identified 10
clones of cashew nut for Vietnam. Now in Vietnam 45000 ha of cashew 700000 tons worth $1
bil. He stressed that we need good planning for such a valuable industry as Macadamia.

Also there is quality seed selection. After 10 years there is high success with coffee or cassava as
in South Africa . Macadamia production is 2% of world nut trade. Sth. Africa Macadamia is good
value but production in Vietnam is low. They process 5-6000 ton of Macadamia 25% of their
total production.

Processing is already advanced in Vietnam price of macadamia is 2x to cashews. In Kenya 3.5 kg
/ha production so Vietnam maybe similar.
2008 45 000 ha of plantation cashew some is not good maybe it will be better to plant
macadamia. They plan to establish 500 ha in Daklak
In north it is difficult to find land.
Daklak farmer is good at adapting to new technology.
Need to find suitable land for macadamia development. Cashew in Vietnam is fast development
2006 it became biggest global producer in 20-30 years.
He invites participants to visit Dongnafood.

Dongnafood has 2 factories but needs domestic supply to reach capacity.

14
11h15-11h30: Prof. Hoang Hoe: “Thinking on Strategy of Macadamias growing in Central
Highland.

HH will provide answers to question of development of central highlands. Development should
be done by local people and agencies. Perhaps with Coffee developed very fast without proper
planning. It caused deforestation of 27000 ha of natural forest therefore need land use planning.
Temperature and rainfall distribution are suitable but slope may be problem and flat land is
expensive.
Need to intercrop with coffee and other crops. Need land planning and management strategy.
The conditions are very suitable in Dak lak (Krong nang ) and other provinces are very suitable.
Coffee is gown without soil protect. We should not have mono crops
Macadamia can have both environmental and economic benefits.
Net profit in AU is $5000/ha
In Vietnam there would be bigger benefits from processing and trading also.
Macadamia is ever green tree good for soil protection. Can involve multi-culture. Need VN brand
for macadamia. Need good quality to promote. Need to develop 5.5000 ha 1.5 mil trees.
Problem is availability of land.
World wide 70 mil trees VN could start to developed 1.5 mil trees.
Central government and local government need to provide funds for Macadamia business also
need to fund private development eg Donnafood has provided 35000 mil. vnd

China has development and investment in macadamia.

Long Phoung Co wants to establish 500 ha to start. Also produce seedlings of good quality.

Government should support investors and strengthen extension service and improve cooperation
between researchers.

We hope that government supports development. We have to have courage to progress
development. Cam on – Thank you

LUNCH 11h30 - 13h00

13h30- 14h10: Thailand’s Macadamias Experiences, Dr. Uhai, Research Center of Agriculture of
Thailand in
Chiang mai [See PPT]
Macadamia growing in Thai is now mostly in high land above 700m elevation. Mostly in the
north.
Very steep area producing 3000 tons/pa
Expensive price $15=30 now import from AU [See PPT]

14h00-14h40 Quangxi, China Macadamias Experiences, Dr. Chen, Macadamias Research
Center, Quangxi Research Institute for sub-tropical Crops. Spoke briefly about the success of
growing macadamia in Quangxi. His centre is working on selection of varieties and is also
helping private enterprise. He detailed his work on a de-husking machine, which is similar to
machines used in Australia.
[Dr Chen did not provide PPT copy]

14h40- 15h00 QUY-YEN-1, Longzhou Experimental Station Mr Li - PPT
15
On behave of Long Zhou thank you.
We have trees in 1988 import seed from AU established 5.5 ha
We found one very good tree and we select.
They focus on this selected variety.
HH Long Zhou is close to Vietnam and has similar climate.
They have provided wood and 2-3 tons of seed
for Daklak. (Refer to PPT for all other details.)

15h00-15h20 Speech of Local Participants

Daklak Science Director Y Ghi Nie Dept of science and technology Daklak province

Daklak has many plant species the problem is to know the potential of development of
Macadamia. There is a lot of uncertainty with the experience of other tree species when they try
to sell seedlings for just for profit in which case to quality may not be good. Macadamia is good
tree species if we have good trees we may produce product in 5-6 years. Can macadamia be
profitable and help environment?

Coffee and Macadamia could be good solution but need more information on design and other
technical issues. Need quality control.
Need to be careful and patient and have more information. The industry needs a budget for
research which may provide funding for inter-cropping cocoa and macadamia. Diversity will
reduce risk. They don’t have funds to spare, may districts and the same problem in other
provinces. This evening on TV macadamia will be promoted and show example of WASI which
is trying to help identify the best varieties. We are open to information. Central Highlands wants
to show their capacity to produce higher income.
Break: 20 minutes

15h40 – 16h40: QUESTIONS- ANSWERS

Q&A Mr Hung (TV) The director is afraid of problems such as those with coffee but Dongna
food is importing already and needs product. Need seed quality certificate to provide means to
control quality and stop exploitation of the farmer.

We need private enterprises because they have money. Even Thailand needs more macadamia so
VN should get into production.

Need a macadamia association which will help development.

HH and I have distributed paper for establishing a sub-branch of the Macca club of Daklak please
sign up.

Q. Can maca grow sandy soil? What about flooding and wind?

A. KW 50% AU trees on red soils 50% sandy soil
Sandy soil needs more fertilizer and water.

Q. Macadamia can it be mixed with Cocoa and Cashews?

16
A. KW not sure about cashews they may require different conditions. But in Sri Lanka and
Burma they grow with tea.

Q. What is maximum slope to grow successfully?

A. KW - With machinery you need flat land
On steep slops when trees are old there maybe erosion.

Q. How wide and long should spacing be?

A. KW in Australia the average is 8x4 – 312
In Australia we are trying high density on flat land.
On 10-15 degree slope recommend 200 / ha
Australia does not grow an intercrop.
For Vietnam 3-400 /ha and steep land 200 /ha

A. HH in china 450 trees / ha

Q – Harvest in Daklak is in wet season how do we dry the nut?

A. I am first farmer in Daklak to grow maca spacing is 6x5 and FSI want to have trial with us.
We need support from PC to help farmer We have tried many sorts of seedlings. Grafted Trees
can grow well produce earlier in I year and we have some crop.
He thinks macadamia can be grown in NE of Daklak.
Now it is starting of harvest time.
Good with coffee but not cashew because same height.
Should grow in Buffer zone.

Q. Information from AU how do we select root-stock?
A. KW – not much research on root stock. Now Au doing root-stock. Now we use H2 seedling
(90%) we have sent this seed to VN. It is more uniform and better grafting success.
Q. What about Capital investment?
A. KW Australia is expensive you need deep pockets. We have high costs of labor and land. Also
need expensive machinery. No income till year 4 and year 7 equals cost for the year.
Q. AU cost benefit in AU what is the minimum to be in profit?
A. KW need to know yield and time. Eg.10 year mature and 3.5/ha
Av NIS $2.50/kg
Q. What is the rotation?
A. KW Au has tree 34 year old and Hawaii has 60 year old producing trees.

Q. What are the diseases of macadamia For example the trees in nursery are going yellow?
A. MN Poor Potting mix, bad drainage and lack of trace elements. Need to see them to be sure.

Q. There are many types of grafting is Australia grafting strong in the wind?
A. MN Yes Au does not have problems with weak grafts in the wind.
Q. Use of timber of macadamia wood?
A. MN. The macadamia tree is too valuable to use for timber but is a good wood although tree is

not that large.

17
Q What are health benefits of macadamia nuts.
A. KW macadamia nuts are healthy, see my power point presentation for details.

Q. Leaf is white how do you treat the tree?
A. MN problem maybe the lack of proper fertilizer or trace elements or maybe root fungus that
you can treat with Phosphoric Acid. We need to see them and perhaps do an analysis.
Q. How do we management plantations?
A. MN see the notes provided for details.
Q What are cost benefits? Australia eg $2/kg
A. KW this information is in my ppt presentation.
Q. Goat and animal under the tree. Is it recommended?
A. KW grazing not when they are young.

16h40- 17h00 Closing remarks by Martin, Kim, HH

Hoang Hoe’s concluding statement:
Over 110 participants, you have been very active in this workshop.
WASI & PC helped and Australian, Thai and Chinese contributions were very helpful.
We give our appreciation to PC and other supporters.
Also special thanks to all other participants for attending

Dinner 19h00- Welcome Party

August 5/2009: Field trip
Morning 7h00 Car departure from Buôn mê thut to Phú lc , Krông nng, 70 Km
9h00- 10h30 Visit the Garden of Mr. Thu in Commune Phú lc (Cancelled due to rain)
11h00- 13h30 Lunch at Krông nng

13h30- 15h00- Car return to Buôn mê thut City
15h00- 17h00- Visit WASI, Eakmat BMT
17h00-17h30 – Closing Ceremony at WASI meeting Hall
( Interpreter by Mr. Ngo Sy Hoai ( English) Prof. Hoang Hoe( Chinese)
***


Presentation by Director Hong at WASI Research Center to Macadamia Workshop participants.
18

WASI RESEARCH OF Macadamia 2009
Research head: Tran Vinh MSc.
Implementer: Agricultural Engineer Dang Thi Thuy Thao
CENTRAL HIGHLAND AGRICULTURE FORESTRY SCIENCE & TECHONOLY
INSTITUE
1. INTRODUCTION
Determining the structure of agriculture and forestry is a tough problem for many localities in the
country. Particularly in the Central Highland, cultivating coffee with the monoculture methods
leads to the lack of long-lasting, has no value in terms of environmental protection, and
investment and care cost is too much. Thus the problem posed here is to find new crops that are
of high economic value, easy care, consistent with economic conditions for the people to
intercrop with coffee plants or replace low productive coffee areas, which helps increase income
per unit area and protect the ecological environment.
Macadamia tree has high economic value. According to documents of Macadamia plantation in
the world: Price of 1kg of raw grain varies from 1.5 to 2.0 USD., productivity in the business
period (8th year onwards) can reach 3 tons of crude seed per hectare and values obtained from
4500 to 6000 USD per hectare. The income from growing Macadamia trees is comparable to that
of other industrial crops such as coffee and pepper, if not higher.
Macadamia seeds are tasty and the most expensive in all types of grain to eat, much used in the
food processing industry. Especially, macadamia has high, unsaturated fatty acids, contains no

cholesterol and contains many antioxidants so it is the best grain to eat for human, especially for
those with cardiovascular diseases.
Macadamia is a tropical evergreen plant with thick leaves and good drought-resistance. Without
being watered, the plants still grow and develop normally. This is a big advantage to grow on the
high terrain and coffee land where the people cannot afford to irrigate during the dry season.
Macadamia trees can be grown on a broad ecological amplitude: elevation above sea level
required varies from 300-700m, the best temperature for plant growth and development is from
20-250C, the annual rainfall over 1,200 mm and even rainfall distribution are favorable for the
growth and development of the Macadamia tree.
Comparing the ecological requirements of the Macadamia tree with natural conditions of some
areas in the Central Highlands as well as its commercial value, we find that researching and
developing Macadamia tree in Highland is a right step to contribute to the plant structure
transformation in the region.


19
2. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF THE RESEARCH
2.1 Objectives
Identify a number of promising varieties in the group garden to conduct the experiment on
the ecological areas in the Central Highlands region.
Determine the ability of growth and development of the Macadamia tree of the
intercropping and pure cropping method.
2.2 Research Content
- Study and select the macadamia varieties in the group garden.
- Research on intercropping macadamia with other plants.
- Research on pure cropping methods for macadamias grown from seed
3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Research, select the macadamia varieties in the group garden
From 2002-2009, Central Highland Agriculture Forestry Science & Technology Institute
has imported five varieties originating from China (H2, 508, OC, 814, 344), 6 varieties

originating from Thailand (H2, 508, 246, 344, 741 , 660), 8 varieties derived from Australian and
has grown at the Institute on an area of 1.5 ha, the density is 400trees/ha to conduct research. The
selection criteria are the yield, grain quality and the ability to grow.
3.1.1. The variety group of Macadamia originated from China
Chart 1: Growth of the Macadamia varieties
K Root (cm) K Canopy (cm) Height (cm)
Variety
Name
TB CV% TB CV% TB CV%
H2 14,9 10,2 447 7,8 547 6,9
508 15,7 14 444 11,5 550 10,3
OC 13,3 8,8 349 14,3 425 18,9
814 12,7 13,4 348 18,9 518 8,4
344 13,1 17,9 384 21,9 500 6,1
TB 13,9 12,8 394,4 14,8 416,3 10,1

After six years of planting macadamia, macadamia varieties at the Institute have been growing
well: the original diameter of the varieties fluctuates from 12.7 to 15.7 cm; the canopy diameter
fluctuates from 348 to 447 cm; the height fluctuates from 425 to 547 cm. In which it is found that
H2 and 508 grow better than the rest of varieties, OC has the lowest growth. Generally, height
growth of the varieties is greater than canopy diameter growth.

20
Chart 2: Flowering Characters of the Macadamia varieties
Variety
Name
Rate of

Flowering

Plant (%)
Number of

Flower
Stem
Stem
Length
(cm)
Number of

Flowers
per Stem
Rate of

Flowering

(%)
Flower
Distribution

per Plant
H2 100 8 22,7 284 60 Widespread

508 100 14 15,8 238 70 Widespread

OC 100 12 16,8 182 60 Inside
canopy
344 100 6 15,2 182 30 Widespread

814 100 4 14,8 176 25 Widespread

After 6 years, all varieties are flowering. The percentage of flowering tree of the varieties is
100%. Number of flower stems of the varieties fluctuates from 4 to 14 stems, 508 and OC have
more flower stems than H2, 344 and 814. The stem length also varies according to the variety,
H2 has the longest flower stem (22 cm), the rest of varieties are only from 14 to 16 cm long. The
number of flower per stem of the varieties alters from 182 to 284 flowers, in which H2 the
highest quantity (284 flowers), followed by 508 with 238 flowers, the rest of 3 varieties of OC,
344 and 814 have only from 176-182 flowers per stem. The rate of flowering of the varieties
diversify from 25 to 70%, the flowering rates of H2, 508 and OC are relatively equal (60-70%),
the flowering rates of 344 and 814 are only from 25-30%. Flower stems of H2, 344, 814 and 508
are evenly distributed on the tree, while flower stems of OC are distributed inside the canopy.

Chart 3: Characters of Fruit from the Macadamia Varieties

After 6 years of planting, all the varieties produce flowers and fruits. However, the ability to
produce fruits and the fruit weight initially showed some differences. H2 has the highest rate 7
fruits/stem while 508, OC, 344 and 814 only have from 2-4 fruits/stem. In general, all the
varieties have round fruits and ripe fruit are green. Weight of 100 seeds of the varieties alters
Variety
Name
Fruit/stem Fruit shape
Color of Ripe

Fruit
Weight of 100

seeds (g)
H2 7 Round Green 700
508 2 Round Green 660

OC 4 Round, (có núm qu)

Green 915
344 4 Round Green 750
814 3 Round Green 700
21
from 660 to 915 grams, of which OC has the largest seed size, the other varieties have medium
size.

Chart 4: Seed productivity and quality of some macadamia varieties

Chart 4 shows the productivity of Macadamia varieties has some differences after six years of
planting. Although the rate of fruited stem/tree of H2 is not high but fruit/stem is high, the
average yield is 3.43 kg/tree. Fruit/stem of OC are not high, but fruited stem/tree are high and
seed size is large, average yield reaches 4.18 kg/tree. 508 has the lowest yield (1.58 kg / tree).
The kernel rates of three varieties fluctuate from 28.4 to 35.2%, in which the kernel rate of OC is
very high (35.2%).

3.1.2. Macadamia variety group originating from Thailand
Chart 5: The Growth of Macadamia Varieties
K Root (cm) Height (cm) K Capony (cm)
Variety
Average CV% Average CV% Average CV%
H2 7,1 16,3 366,1 15,9 247,8 17,2
508 6,6 9,6 360 11,7 208 10,1
660 4,95 27,0 270,5 18,8 143,3 25,2
344 6,0 13,8 319,1 17,6 168,3 18,9
741 6,2 2,4 386,6 12,0 171,6 7,3
246 6,4 16,1 355,7 20,7 176,4 34,1
Average 6,2 14,2 343 16,1 185,9 18,8

After 3 years of planting, the imported varieties from Thailand have been growing well, average
diameters of root are 6.2 cm, the height is 343 cm and average diameter of the canopy is 185.9
cm. Of these, H2, 741 and 246 have grown over 508, 660, 344 in terms of height, root diameter
and canopy diameter. In general, the whole garden grows normally, serious pests have not been
found on these varieties.

Variety


Fruit/stem

Fruited
stem/tree
Total
fruit/tree
Weight of Seed

(g)
Productivity

(Kg/tree)
Weight of

kernel
(%)
H2 7 70 490 7 3,43
30,5
508 3 80 240 6,6 1,58 28,4
OC 4 115 460 9,1 4,18 35,2

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3.2. Research on intercropping methods for Macadamia

In 2006, the Central Highland Agriculture Forestry Science and Technology Institute started
researching three intercropping methods, including: intercropping with Coffea canephora
(Robusta), intercropping with Coffea arabica, with cocoa plantation in Dak Lak and Lam Dong
province on an area of 3 hectares, the density is 138-166 trees/ha. Varieties grown are H2, 508
and OC, the research targets include: growth, productivity and economic efficiency.
Chart 6: The growth of Macadamia in the intercropping methods
Height (cm) K Root (cm) K Canopy (cm)
Variety
Average

CV% Average

CV% Average CV%
with Coffee

Arabica
235,8 16,0 2,7 20,9 121,6 24,3
With Robusta 207,3 22,0 1,9 25,4 110,7 27,9
with cocoa 207,0 18,1 2,9 16,2 98,2 27,4
Average 216,7 18,7 2,5 20,8 165,2 26,5
After 2 years of planting, the grafted macadamia of intercropping methods grow normally.
Average height is 216.7 cm, average diameter of root is 2.5 cm and average diameter of canopy is
165.2 cm. In general, the macadamia of intercropping models grow normally, serious pests have
not been found yet. Particularly, the coffee intercropping model in Lam Dong has some flowering
plants, but with lower rates.

3.3. Research on pure cropping of Macadamia (cây thc sinh)

In 2004, Central Highland Agriculture Forestry Science and Technology Institute started doing
research on planting cay thu cinh Macadamia Dak Lak and Gia Lai on the area of two hectares,
the density was of 400 trees/ha. The targets were the growth, yield and quality of seeds.
Chart 7: The growth of macadamia (thc sinh)
Growth Targets
D (cm) H (cm) D
t
(cm)
Location
Average

CV% Average

CV% Average

CV%
Rate of

Flowering
tree (%)
Dak Lak 8.7 10.1 424.6 13.0 261.2 24.6 22.0
Gia Lai 7.8 14.7 378.5 15.9 248.0 24.3 14.5
(Note: H: tree height, D: diameter of the root, Dt: diameter of the canopyl)
After 4 years of planting, Macadamia thuc sinh grown in Dak Lak and Gia Lai have been
23
growing quite well. The root diameter fluctuates from 7.8 to 8.7 cm, the height of plants
fluctuates from 378-424 cm and the canopy diameter fluctuations from 248-261 cm. In general,
macadamia trees thuc sinh grown in Dak Lak grow better than in Gia Lai. After over three years,
Macadamia thuc sinh have started flowering, the rate of flowering plants is 22% in Dak Lak and

14.5% in Gia Lai. We noticed that the Macadamia thuc sinh planted in Dak Lak and Gia Lai have
not been broken down and not been damaged by serious pests.

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. Conclusion
- Macadamia imported from China after 6 years have been growing quite well. In general, all the
varieties can produce flowers and fruits. Percentage of flowering plant of all the varieties is
100%; currently three varieties have high rate of flowering and producing fruit are H2, 508 and
OC.
- Initially OC is seen as a quite suitable variety with the ecological conditions in Dak Lak. It has
high potential yield, large seed size, less pest and in particular, the balanced canopy; it is also
solid, drought-resistant and well adapted to the weather conditions in the Central Highlands.
- The macadamia from Thailand after more than 3 years of planting have been growing well.
There is currently no pest risk.
- After more than two years of intercropping macadamia with Robusta coffee, Tea, Coffee
Arabica and cocoa, macadamia have been growing normally. In general, macadamia intercrop in
the coffee plantation in Bao Loc, Lam Dong have been growing better than intercrop with cocoa
or interfere with Robusta coffee in Buon Ma Thuot.
- Macadamia thuc sinh purely grown in Dak Lak and Gia Lai after 4 years are quite good. There
are currently many trees that start flowering, the rate of flowering plants is 22% in Dak Lak and
14.5% in Gia Lai. The plants have no risk of breaking down and pest.


4.2. Recommendation
Continue to follow up the above experiments to found a firm basis for the variety selection and
appropriate cropping methods to develop macadamia in the Central Highlands.


24

WASI 6 year old macadamia variety trial.



FSI Macadamia Project Report (Summary of presentation PPT attached)
(2006-2008)
Center of Wild Plant Research
Project head: Master Nguyen Dinh Hai
Main collaborator: Master Mai Trung Kien
***
General introduction
Project name: Continue researching on the crop and estimating the developing potential of the
macadamia tree in Viet Nam
The aim of research: select some species whose high seed-production capacity from the
investigated eco-zones.
- Multiplication, grow and nourish macadamia tree techniques.
- Find out the suitable bed-earth for these high potential species.
Research process:
-Selecting seeds:
+Estimating the capacity
+Estimating the capacity of blooming and bearing fruits of macadamia trees grown in 2002-2005.
+Grow material gardens providing high seed-production varieties
+Try growing in 8 hectares the offspring of 20 imported good varieties.
-Researching multiplication.
-Perfecting multiplication, joining, raising techniques for macadamia varieties.
-Build up a construction sheet of multiplication and joining macadamia.
-Researching growing techniques:
+Analyze soil samples in investigated sections.
+Experiment different fertilization recipes.

+Build up a construction sheet of growing and nourishing macadamia.
25

The time carrying out the process: 5 years (2006-2010).
The output:
Plans Done
• Seed and multiplication

materials providing

sections: 1 section with

300 trees.
300 trees of 11 varieties

246,294,344,849,816,856,741,NG8
, Daddow, OC, A8oo
• Researching variety

sections in 2002- 2005: 8

hectares
• Researching variety

sections in 2006- 2008: 8

hectares
16 hectares of 7 regions: Ha Tay (Ha Noi),

Quang Ninh, Son La, Dak Lak, Dac Nong,

Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho, Nghe An.
• Research o
f
muplication, and joining

- Define appropriate fertilizers, season, and

kinds for macca mulplication.
• Trying multiplication

macca varieties by join

method
- Define method, season, age of suitable join

foot for macca.
Research on muplication,

join each variety of macca
- Define multiplication and join potential o
f
each macca variety.
• Build up a construction

sheet of vegetative

multiplication, growing

and nourishing macca

techniques
- Being carried out
• Experiment different

fertilization recipes for

macca
- Being carried out

Collaborating organizations
-Dong Hoi, Quang Binh forest plantation.
-Science and forestry developing center of the northwest
-Agro-forestry office of Krong Nang, Dak Lak.
- Lam Dong biology and forestry research center.
-The northeast science center of forestry developing.
- Uong Bi, Quang Ninh forest plantation
-Ecology and forest environment center
-Research jungle specialties center.