Unit 3 done

Unit Three
NETWORKING
A. READING SKILL
Warm-up. Pair/ Individual work.
Study the following images and answer these questions.
1. How can we be networked?
………………………………………………………………………………….
2. What devices should we need to get networked?
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. How important is it for us to be networked in the society?
………………………………………………………………………………….

1


Comprehension Check

dịch bài này
Enterprise networking

When Big Oil started its search for oil in West Africa, their geophysicists carried out surveys to see whether
there were any oil reservoirs underground. These surveys produced a lot of data which needed to be sent
back to Head Office, but how do you transfer half of a gigabyte of data out of the jungle when the local
telecoms infrastructure isn’t up to it, or not there at all? We talk to Dave Wells, Telecommunications
Manager at Big Oil, about these challenges.
‘The geophysicists who went out there first used sat-phones to transmit voice and data. But of course once
the decision to drill was made, we had far more users to support with various requirements in a proper office
environment.’
Big Oil’s telecoms team is used to providing global voice and data connectivity into remote locations, says
Dave. ‘We worked with one of the global data networking providers to extend their WAN services here and
convinced them to put an MPLS node into the capital. This meant they had a local presence and it allows us

to connect to their global network. We then had 8Mb connectivity from the router in my comms rooms in
London down to the capital. We decided to pay to dig a trench and laid our own fibre local loop to give us
reliable, high capacity bandwidth to our new premises.’
‘A local contractor wired out the office with CAT5 cabling. We installed and remotely managed our own
LAN hub and ran a 100 Mb Ethernet LAN around the building to laptops and PCs which have the same
specifications and applications as London. We decided against a standalone PBX because we had a full 8 Mb
for voice, data and video traffic. We set up our 30 staff with VoIP and teleconferencing applications on their
computers and they use headsets for their calls. This all works well, and from the traffic analysis we can see
that they actually videoconference with London more often than just talk because of the infrastructure we put
in for them.’
Despite being remote, the team on the ground now have the same capabilities as London, another example of
how telecoms and IT can support business that operate in hard-to-reach places.
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES (appearing in the order of the text)

2


be not up to sth (vph): chưa xứng tầm, chưa tương xứng
wire out (a place) (v): rải/ lắp đặt đường dây (điện, viễn thông) (tới một nơi)
run (a LAN/WAN) around (a place): rải/ lắp đặt (mạng LAN/WAN) quanh…
set up sb with sth (v): bố trí, trang bị cho …
videoconference (v): trao đổi, liên lạc qua hình ảnh
put sth in for sb (v): lắp đặt (trang thiết bị)
team on the ground (nph): đội công tác ở địa bàn (không phải ở trụ sở)
hard-to-reach (a) : khó tới, khó có được
Task 1. Read the article above and number the order in which these things happened. No 1 has been
done for you.
a. The company set up a 100 Mb Ethernet LAN.
5
_____

b. The team were given satellite phones.
____
c. A contractor fitted out the office with CAT5 cabling.
_____
4
d. The company installed a private fibre loop to the new MPLS node.
_____
3
e. The company installed VoIP and teleconferencing applications.
6
_____
f. A global data networking provider extended WAN services to the capital.
_____
2
Task 2. Decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to the article.
 F
F

1

The geophysicists did not find evidence of underground oil reservoirs.

2

Dave Wells said the new office only needed satellite phones.

3

The exploration office installed its own local loop.

4

The LAN in the exploration office is managed from London.

T
 F

5

The staff in the exploration office make all their calls via their computers.

 T

Task 3. Match these terms with their correct definitions, referring to the article.
A

WAN

1. The person who is in charge of a company’s
telecommunications.

B

node

2. An organization that provides international
telecommunications and Internet access.

C

Telecoms Manager

3. A network that covers a wide area such as a city or
country.

D

hub

4. A point where a connection can be made to an
MPLS network.

E

PBX

5. A cable which allows a user to connect to a local
exchange or node.

F

Global Data

6. A network in an office or home that links different

3


Networking Provider

computers together.

G

local loop

7. A common connection point for devices in a local
network.

H

LAN

8. A private telephone exchange that serves a business
or office.

Answer:

A-

B-

C-

D-

E-

F-

G-

H-

B. LISTENING SKILL
Task 1. 6 You will hear a call between Dave Wells, the Telecoms manager of an oil company in
London and Jerry Rigg, a geophysicist in charge of a small exploration team in West Africa.
Listen TWICE and fill in the gaps with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Well, I’m sharing a Sat phone right now with Mgumba, our local guy. We’re in the Upper River region.
We’ve been travelling around trying to figure out what (1)………………….. is available. What we have
found out is that West Africa is connected to Europe via the South Atlantic 3 West Africa Submarine Cable
which has a (2)………………….. of 120 gigabytes. The nearest cable landing point is over the border.
There are (3)………………….. links from there to here. The country is also connected internationally via
(4)………………….. and Intelsat Earth Station One. So there are redundant connections and services
coming into the country. Some of the international data network providers are starting to look at expanding
their networks here and putting some (5)…………… in the capital and the other main city. So we may be
able to get MPLS or global Ethernet services in the future.
Task 2. 7 Dave Wells and Mgumba, a local guy, are discussing the infrastructure that is available in
West Africa.
Listen TWICE and answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
1. How many telecoms operators are available in West Africa?
2
------------------------------------------------------------------2. What is the PTT going to serve with their fibre network being rolled out?

local telecoms exchanges
------------------------------------------------------------------3. Why does PTT erect microwave towers on mountains?
save time, cheaper
------------------------------------------------------------------4. What technology is being put in exchanges instead of electro-mechanical devices?
digital switching equipment
------------------------------------------------------------------5. How is the teledensidy in West Africa compared to other African countries?

below average
-------------------------------------------------------------------

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Task 3. 8 Dave and Jerry are talking about how they will set up a local exploration office and
communicate regularly with London.
Listen TWICE and decide if the following statements are True or False. Write T or F in each blank.
có thể chắc chắn
T
1. _____
Jerry and his colleagues can certainly get PSTN because their office is near the local exchange.
vòng lặp cục bộ
f
2. _____ All the local loops are made of steel. thép
sợi cáp
trụ sở
t Fiber will be available for customers’ premises in two years.
3. _____
lắp đến
4. _____
Jerry wants the loops to be terminated into his office.
t
5. _____
F Alternatively, they can have a VSAT disk on the roof without any license.
giấy phép nào
C. LANGUAGE FOCUS
Relative Clauses
Relative Clauses are usually of two kinds: Defining and Non-Defining Clauses.

1. Defining Relative Clauses
We can use the relative pronouns who, which, that and relative adverbs where, when to clarify the
preceding nouns.
 In Relative Clauses, the relative pronouns are who, which and that.
+ who is used for people
+ which for things
+ that can be used for both people and things.
These pronouns can function as subjects or objects in the clauses.
E.g. This was confirmed by Shannon who/ that developed a theory of a formula for finding the correct
sampling frequency.
The digital camera which/ that I bought the other day is a Sony Cyber-Shot.
 In case who, which and that are used as the object of a preposition, the preposition can precede who and
which, or end the sub-clause. However, the former way is more preferable in ESP.
E.g. The principles of these two types of switching are illustrated in the following figures in which we
follow the speech paths of two subscribers through a small exchange.
= The principles of these two types of switching are illustrated in the following figures which we follow
the speech paths of two subscribers through a small exchange in.
 Other pronouns, such as where (for place) when (for time), why (for reason) and whose (for possession)
are also used in Relative Clauses.
+ We can use where (= in/at which) for place.
E.g. That is the basic location where the microprocessor stores the required information.
+ We can use when (= in/on which) for time.

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E.g. Was it the day when the computer came out?
+ We can use why (= for which) or that after the word reason.
E.g. Is there a reason why/that you don’t want to update your computer operating system?
+ We use whose (in place of his, her, their, etc.) to talk about possession of both people or

things.
E.g. We are writing this letter to complain about your staff whose service was not satisfying.
 Defining clauses give important information which denotes exactly what is being referred to. In many
cases, the main clause does not make full sense without the sub clause.
E.g. In the early 1970s Britain launched its Prestel system which is now offered as a regular service by
British Telecoms.
2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Non-defining relative clauses add extra information. They are separated by commas in writing and by a
pause in speaking. We could miss out the relative clause and the meaning would still be clear.
E.g. Apple Inc., which is an American multinational technology company, is headquartered in Cupertino,
California.
N.B.

- That cannot be used to introduce a non-defining clause.
- A relative clause introduced by which may modify the idea of the whole preceding clause.

E.g. Optical fibres are smaller, lighter and easier to install than coaxial cables, which is perfect for an
office environment.
In this sentence the word which refers to the whole preceding clause, “Optical fibres are smaller, lighter and
easier to install than coaxial cables”.
Task 1. Underline Relative Clauses in the following sentences and state whether they are Defining (D)
or Non- Defining (Non-D) Clauses. cái nào có dấu phẩy thì bỏ đi được, khơng có đấu phảy ko bỏ đi đc
1. The growing need for data communication is reflected in the number of modems installed, which has
recently increased at a rate of 30% per annum.
2. The concept of the ‘wired city’ in which any one can instantly talk to almost anyone else by using the
telephone or some other form of electronic device has become a reality in many countries in the world.
3. A technician who wants to move up to Junior Engineer will have to attend in-house training at one of the
13 Telecoms Training Centers.
4. Each industrial location is connected to the station via high-speed data switches which also provide
facilities for interconnecting other regions and other multi-service networks.

5. Business users, who often have their own powerful data processing resources, frequently require more
sophisticated services which cover a variety of uses.
Task 2. Complete the following sentences using relative pronouns who, which, that or relative adverbs
where, when and why.
banđầu
tìm kiếm
which
1. When IBM was looking for an operating system, they went initially to Digital Research, ________
was
market leader in command-based operating system.
dãn dầu thị ttrg
6


which
2. The microchip technology ________
made the PC possible has put chips not only into computers, but also
into washing machine and cars.
why
3. Low voltage is the reason ________
the bulb does not glow at full brilliance.
where
4. An operating system has to be booted into the internal memory ________
it must reside throughout
processing process.
when we used to stand next to a wall in the kitchen
5. Nowadays, young people cannot imagine the time ______
without moving to make a phone call.
Task 3. Join these pairs of sentences, using Relative Pronouns.
1. The switching matrix consists of a number of connection points. The connection points are made up of a

horizontal and a vertical wire joined by a relay.
The switching matrix consists of a number of connection points which are made up of a
.....................................................................................………..............................................................................
horizontal and a vertical wire joined by a relay.
2. Two types of switching equipment predominate in Sweden. These two types are crossbar equipment and
digital system.
Two types of switching equipment which are crossbar equipment and
.......................................................................………............................................................................................
digital system, predominate in Sweden.
3. This technique appears to be very effective. A lot of money has been invested in this technique.
This technique in which a lot of money has been invested appears to be very effective.
.........................................................................................................………..........................................................
4. The first rotary switch was invented by Almon Strowger. Strowger was an undertaker in Kansas City.

The first rotary switch was invented by Almon Strowger, who was an undertaker in Kansas City.
.....................................................................………..............................................................................................
5. The analogue signals are transmitted to the exchange. And these signals are sampled using PAM.
.........................................................................................................………..........................................................
The analogue signals which are sampled using PAM are transmitted to the exchange
xem lại dtqh
chuẩn bị bài đọc
học tv
D. WRITING SKILL
Writing a paragraph
A paragraph is a group of sentences about a topic. There are some kinds of paragraphs as follows:
+ In a descriptive paragraph the writer describes a person, a place or a thing.
+ In an example paragraph the writer explains a topic by giving examples.
+ In a process paragraph the writer explains how to do something step by step.
+ In an opinion paragraph the writer expresses his or her feelings, ideas, and opinions about a topic.
+ In a narrative paragraph the writer tells a story.

1. Paragraph organization
A typical paragraph has a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence.
• The topic sentence introduces the topic and tells what the writer will say about the topic.

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• The sentences that follow further explain and support the topic sentence. They are called supporting
sentences.
• The concluding sentence often repeats the information in the topic sentence in a different way.
Read the following sample paragraph to understand more of the paragraph organization.
topic sentence
sp definition
Young people are too dependent on computers. Dependency on computers means that young people
cannot perform the normal tasks and functions of daily life without them. In the old days, people
memorized important information, but today’s youth rely on computers, cell phones, and PDA’s to do
assignments, records number, and save important information. As a result, they can find themselves
unprepared in an emergency such as electrical blackout. Once the batteries die, these people will not
be able to communicate. For example, I do all my homework on my computer. When my computer
crashed last week, I lost my only draft of an essay that was due the next day. As a result, I got a bad
grade. With the assistance of technological devices, young people find computers a dependable device
for them to perform daily tasks.
concluding sentence
2. The topic sentence
The topic sentence is usually the first or second sentence in a paragraph. It introduces a new idea. It presents
the topic and explains what the writer will say about the topic. This explanation is called controlling idea.
E.g. Young people are too dependent on computers.
3. Supporting sentences
Supporting sentences add information about the topic and the controlling idea. They can include definitions,
explanation, and examples as in the examples below.



Supporting definition

Dependency on computers means that young people cannot perform the normal tasks and functions of
daily life without them.


Supporting explanation

In the old days, people memorized important information, but today’s youth rely on computers, cell
phones, and PDA’s to do assignments, records number, and save important information. As a result, they can
find themselves unprepared in an emergency such as electrical blackout. Once the batteries die, these people
will not be able to communicate.


Supporting example

For example, I do all my homework on my computer. When my computer crashed last week, I lost my
only draft of an essay that was due the next day. As a result, I got a bad grade.
4. Concluding sentence
The concluding or final sentence of a paragraph usually reminds the reader of the topic and controlling idea
of paragraph. The concluding sentence restates the main idea. Let’s compare:
The topic sentence
Young people are too dependent on computers.
The concluding sentence

8

With the assistance of technological devices, young people find computers a dependable device for them
to perform daily tasks.
In addition to restating the main idea, the concluding sentence may:
- Give an opinion about the topic.
E.g. Some people might disagree, but I think computers make young people more and more dependent.
- Sometimes the writer signals the concluding sentence by using the phrases; In conclusion, To
conclude, In general, In short, In summary, To sum up…
E.g. In conclusion, relying on computers in solving daily problems is an undeniable fact in modern
society.
Task 1. Read the paragraph below and underline the topic sentence, supporting sentences and
concluding sentences.
I have a new digital camera, and I am very excited about using it because it has so many useful
features. I do not need to spend a lot of time focusing on it as it has automatic focus. People do not have to
wait a long time for me to take their pictures. In addition, its lens is powerful. I can photograph a person and
scenery, and both are clear when I print the final pictures. Another feature allows me to delete blurry
pictures. I save a lot of money because I do not have to print out ugly ones. I am really fond of my new
camera due to the fact that it is convenient and easy, and I can take interesting pictures. I expect to have a
lot of fun with it.
Task 2. Write a short paragraph of about 100 words about your favourite social network, stating the
benefits it brings to you together with relevant examples.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................................................

E. SPEAKING SKILL
Task 1. Individual/ pair work.
Give definitions of the technical terms below. For instance, you may say:
“An Internet café is a kind of shop where you can drink coffee and access the Internet at the same time”
or “An Internet café is a place for going online while having some coffee”.
CAT5 cabling

a local loop

a geophysicist

a node

a Global Data Networking Provider

a satellite phone

a hub

a Telecoms Manager

9


a LAN

a WAN

Task 2. Presentation.
Referring to Task 2, Part D, give a presentation on social networks. You can choose one or two

social networks that you are most familiar with.
Make use of the hints in the language box below. The presentation would last 2-3 minutes.
Hi guys, / Dear all,
- Now/ Today I would like/ I’m going to talk about…/ tell you about…
- I first signed up to Facebook 5 years ago/ when I was at secondary school…
- We need to fill in our name…
- I find FB interesting/ useful because I can…
- However, if we spend/ use… too much, we may…/ there may be trouble as we
can’t…
- Social networks link us all and we can…
- I can’t imagine one day when there were no more FB, then …
That’s all what I know about … Thanks for listening/ your attention.
Further guidance
You’d better base your presentation on the writing you did earlier on your favourite social network, which
can be Facebook, Ingstagram, Zalo or any. You should focus on at least these points:
- when you started to join it (how to join)
- what you can do on the network/ its benefits
- What you see as its drawbacks
Also, don’t fail to start and end your talk in a proper manner.
F. TRANSLATION
Task 1. Translate the following passage into Vietnamese.
An efficient telephone system is a must for your business, which makes telephone networking services
crucial. In fact, experts say your system should be ‘transparent’ always there and easy to use without thinking
about it. Those are important attributes to keep in mind when considering business telephone networking.
Networking telephones links multiple callers to make communications efficient. By connecting the phones
and using telephone switching systems, calls can be shared, transferred and managed in a number of other
ways. Telephone network communications have changed significantly in recent years, especially with the
advent of VoIP. Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a recent innovation with great promise. Your
business dedicates one or more high-speed Internet connections to your telephone network to carry voice
signals. With software your company can even use existing routers, PBX and the rest of your standard phone

system. The advantage? VoIP can reduce your phone costs, especially for switches and infrastructure.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................

dịch bài F này
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...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
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Task 2. Translate the following passage into English.
1. Công nghệ truyền giọng nói qua giao thức IP (VoIP) đã thay đổi cách thức con người giao tiếp với nhau.
.........................................................................................................................................
VoIP technology has changed the way people communicate with each other.
.........................................................................................................................................
2. Mỗi năm, các nhà phát triển tìm ra các cách sáng tạo hơn trong việc sử dụng VoIP để cải thiện các cơng
nghệ hiện có, hoặc để ra mắt các thiết bị hoàn toàn mới.
Every year, developers find more innovative ways in using VoIP to improve
...............................................................................................................................................................................
existing technology, or to launch entirely new devices.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
3. VoIP trên điện thoại di động là một trong số những cơng nghệ tuyệt vời đó.
VoIP on mobile phones is one of those great technologies.
.........................................................................................................................................

4. Khách hàng chỉ cần truy cập vào WiFi hoặc mạng 3G hay 4G.
Customers only need access to WiFi and 3G or 4G networks.
.........................................................................................................................................
5. Những ứng dụng này có tính năng gọi điện thoại miễn phí hoặc giá rẻ tương tự như dịch vụ điện thoại cố
định VoIP.
These apps have the same free or low-cost calling features as VoIP landline services
...............................................................................................................................................................................
6. Như vậy, họ có thể tiết kiệm được rất nhiều tiền với những ứng dụng này.
As such, they can save a lot of money with these apps
.........................................................................................................................................
HOMEWORK
1. Translate the following passage into English.
In telephony, common-channel signaling (CCS), or in the US also common-channel interoffice signaling
(CCIS), is the transmission of signaling information (control information) on a separate channel than the
data, and, more specifically, where that signaling channel controls multiple data channels. For example, in
the public switched telephone network (PSTN), one channel of a communications link is typically used for
the sole purpose of carrying signaling for establishment and tear down of telephone calls. The remaining
channels are used entirely for the transmission of voice data. In most cases, a single 64kbit/s channel is
sufficient to handle the call setup and call clear-down traffic for numerous voice and data channels.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
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2. Write definitions for the words in italic.
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