Báo cáo nghiên cứu nông nghiệp " Healthy Seed– Standards of Seed Supply and QualityAssurance " pptx

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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Healthy Seed –
Standards of Seed Supply and
Quality Assurance
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
What is quality?
• Species name
• Origin details
• Viability/Germination
•Purity
•Storage life
• Genetic diversity
• Documentation
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Managing quality
• Quality control procedures
• Processes to ensure ‘quality’
• Quality assessment
• Processes to measure ‘quality’
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria

Greening Australia Victoria
Flowchart for seed into ATSC
Quality control
ATSC Specification Quality assessment
Seed Supplier
.i.e. CSIRO collectors,
private collectors and other gov'n
organisations from Australia and overseas
Botanical
Seed type
correlated
field
Specimens Individuals and bulk
collection data
Reclean
Registration Number
for
Seed each seedlot
Fumigate
(Carbon
Provenance data
Dioxide) sheet
Germination Test Record Card
Germination
Seed Storage
Retest every
Data base
5 years
Seed Dispatch
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Quality control
• Specifications for collections
• Species (vouchered)
•Location
• Collection strategy (no. plants, quantity/plant)
• Timing (maturity)
• Viability and Purity
• Post-collection handling
• Documentation
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
What’s a provenance?
•
Geographic origin of particular seed or plants
•
Population of plants at a location
•
Sub-set of species diversity and adaptability
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
E. camaldulensis:
northern provenances
130° 140°
10°

20°
0500
Kilometres
32
31
30
29
28
27
25
26
16
19
22
15
24
23
21
17
18
14
13
1-12
20
WA NT QLD
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
E. camaldulensis
provenances:

Petford region
Cairns
Innisfail
Atherton
Dimbulah
Petford
030
Kilometres
11
12
6
7
9
10
5
3
2
4
1
8
145° 146°
17°
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
E. camaldulensis provenances near Petford, Queensland,
grown at Chachoengsao, Thailand. 2 year volumes
80
100
120

140
144.9 145.0
145.1 145.2
Latitude (degrees East, decimal) of provenance
2-year volume (m
3
x 10
-4
)
distance 40 km
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Remnant bushland can have:
• Reduced species mix
• Reduced genetic base
• breeding options
limited by
fragmentation
• Reduced pollination
vectors
• Reduced capacity to
respond to change
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Open-pollinated eucalypt family - mix
of outcrossed, inbred progeny
20% selfs

70% outcrossed
10% inbred
(relative mating)
seed
pollen
pollen
pollen
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Sampling technique for wild
provs
• Understand taxonomy and
distribution of genetic diversity
• Maximise genetic diversity in
collection
• Low level of phenotypic selection in
wild populations
• Avoid related trees
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Self-fertilised family - inbreeding
depression of growth
seed
pollen
Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Inbreeding problems

Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Matching seed source to end use
• Assisted regeneration - natural seed source
• Revegetation - suitable species, adapted seed source
• Conservation – broad genetic base, species diversity
• Land management (degraded soils) - select material
• Commercial production – selected and improved
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Factors affecting seed longevity
• Seed category: Orthodox
seed/recalcitrant
• Temperature
• Moisture
• storage atmosphere
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Purpose of seed testing.
• Assess and monitor the physical quality of the
seed from the time of collection through to
sowing.
• This monitoring, enables optimum storage
temperatures at a species level to be determined.
Maximising the life of seed in the seed bank.

• ATSC follow modified International Seed Testing
Association (ISTA) rules for our specific needs.
• Determine if a seedlot should be stored or
discarded.
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Principle components of seed
testing.
• Sampling
•Purity
•Dormancy
• Germination testing
• Vigour
• Moisture content
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Sampling and mixing
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Purity
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria

Dormancy
• Majority of species at the Australian
Tree Seed Centre do not have seed
dormancy
•Types of dormancy:
– seed coat dormancy e.g Acacia
– physical dormancy e.g Macadamia
– embryo dormancy e.g E. delegatensis
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Germination testing
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
• Moisture content
• Vigour
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria
Seed storage at the ATSC
• ATSC active seed store containing
approximately 800 species and 13000
accessions.
• Purpose: act as a gene bank resource for
Australian woody flora whereby, seed
viability is maintained as long as possible.

• Seed is held in stock until exhausted via
consignment or discarded due to poor
viability and vigour.
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Australian Tree Seed Centre
Greening Australia Victoria
Greening Australia Victoria