Unit 11 science and technology

UNIT 11.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
A. VOCABULARY
No.

Word

1

affect

2
3

effect (on)
advance (in)
accurate

4

measurement
benefit

5
6

drawback
cancer
chemist

Part of

speech
v
n
n
n

n
n

Meaning

/əˈfekt/

ảnh hưởng

/ɪˈfekt/
/ədˈvæns/
/ˈækjərət

sự ảnh hưởng
sự cải tiến, tiến bộ

ˈmeʒəmənt/
/ˈbenɪfɪt/

n

chemical

Pronunciation

sự đo lường chính xác
lợi ích

n

/ˈdrɔːbỉk/
/ˈkỉnsər/
/'kemɪst/

bất lợi
bệnh ung thư
nhà hóa học

n

/'kemɪkl/

chất hóa học

v

/'kemɪstrɪ/
/kənˈsɜːv/

(mơn, ngành) hóa học
bảo tồn

chemistry
conserve

n

conservation

n

/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/

sự bảo tồn

8

conservationist
develop

n
v

/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃnɪst/
/dɪˈveləp/

nhà bào tồn học
phát triển

9

development
deaf

n
adj

/dɪˈveləpmənt/
/def/

sự phát triển
điếc

10
11
12
13

the deaf
device
experiment
energy-saving
economy

n
n
n
adj
n

/ðə def/
/dɪ'vaɪs/
/ɪkˈsperɪmənt/
/ˈenədʒi seɪvɪŋ/

/ɪˈkɒnəmi/

người khiếm thính
thiết bị
thí nghiệm
tiết kiệm năng lượng
kinh tế

14
15
16

economic
field
(high) yield
home security

adj
n
n

/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/
/fi:ld/
/ji:ld/
/həʊm sɪˈkjʊrəti

liên quan, thuộc kinh tế
lĩnh vực
sản lượng (cao)

n

17

protection
identify

v

protection/
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

bảo vệ an ninh gia đình
xác định

identification
invent

n

18

v

/aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
/ɪn'vent/

sự xác định, sự xác nhận
phát minh

7


invention

n

sự phát minh

/ɪn'ventər/
/ki:p ʌp wɪð/
/ləˈbɒrətri/
/mju:t/

nhà phát minh
theo kịp, đuổi kịp
phòng thí nghiệm
câm

/ðə mju:t/
/ˈneɡətɪv/
/' fɪzɪsɪst/
/prɪ'dɪkt/

người câm
tiêu cực
nhà vật lý học, bác sĩ trị liệu
đốn

19

20
21

inventor
keep up with
laboratory
mute

22
23
24

the mute
negative
physicist
predict

n
n
n

25
26
27

prediction
patent
progress
realistic

n
v
n
adj

/prɪ'dɪkʃn/
/ˈpỉtnt/
/ˈprəʊɡres/
/ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/

sự tiên đốn
đãng ký bản quyền
sự tiến bộ
hiện thực, thực tế

28
29

unrealistic
responsible (for)
success

adj
adj
n

/ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk
/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/
/sək'ses/

không thực tế
chịu trách nhiệm
sự thành công

/sək'sesfl/

thành công

/sək'si:d/
/sɒlv/
/'saiəns/

thành công
giải quyết
khoa học

successful

n
v
n
adj

/ɪn'venʃn/

v

adj

succeed

solve
science

v
v
n

scientific

adj

/saiən'tɪfɪk/

về khoa học

32

scientist
support

n
v, n

/'saiəntɪst/
/səˈpɔːrt/

nhà khoa học
hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ ủng hộ

33

34
35

supportive
solar panel
science fiction
technology

adj
n
n
n

/səˈpɔːrtɪv/
/ˌsəʊlə ˈpænl/
/ˌsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn/
/tekˈnɒlədʒi/

có tính hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ, ủng hộ
tấm pin mặt trời
khoa học viễn tưởng
công nghệ

technological

adj

/ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

liên quan đến công nghệ

30
31

B. STRESS
Sentence stress (Trọng âm câu)
Trong tiếng Anh, không chỉ từ mang trọng âm, mà câu cũng có trọng âm. Trọng âm câu đóng vai trị
rất quan trọng, vì khi nói, từ mà người nói nhấn trọng âm cũng như cách đánh trọng âm vào cùng một
từ có thể làm thay đổi hồn tồn nghĩa hàm chứa trong câu nói.
Quy tắc nhấn trọng âm câu được liệt kê trong bảng sau:
Những từ được nhấn trọng âm thì thường phát âm to, rõ ràng và chậm hơn những từ còn lại.
Nhấn trọng âm vào từ chính (từ mang nghĩa) - Content word.


Danh từ (nouns)

cars, teachers

Động từ chính (main verbs)

drank, looking

Tính từ (adjectives)

soft, hard

Trạng từ (Adverbs, trừ trạng từ tần suất)

carefully, quickly

Từ phủ định (negatives)
Không nhấn trọng âm vào từchức năng - Function/Structure words.

not, never

Giới từ (prepositions)

do, is

Trợ động từ (Auxiliary verbs)

at, on

Liên từ (Conjunctions)

and, or, but

Từ hạn định (Determiners)

a, an, the

Đại từ (pronouns)
Nhịp giữa các từ được nhấn trọng âm câu là như nhau.
E.g. She is TALKING to her PARENTS.

I, me, him

C. GRAMMAR
 Reported speech
Câu gián tiếp là câu thuật lại lời nói, ý nghĩ của 1 ai đó.

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, cần lưu ý 2 trường hợp:
Trường hợp 1: Từ trần thuật chia ở thời hiện tại, hiện tại hồn thành, tương lai
 Đổi ngơi, không lùi thời.
E.g. Emma says: “I don 't have time.”  Emma says that she doesn't have time.
Trường hợp 2: Từ trần thuật chia ở thời quá khứ
 Đổi ngôi, lùi thời, đổi trạng ngữ.
E.g. Emma said: “I don 't have time.”  Emma said that she didn’t have time.
Pronoun changes
(Quy tắc đổi ngôi)
Ngôi 1

I

He/She

 Ngôi 3

Me

Him/Her

My

His / Her

Mine

His / Hers

Myself

We

Himself / Herself
They

Us

Them


Our

Their

Ours

Theirs

Ngôi 2

Ourselves
You

Themselves
I/She/He/We/They My / Her /

 Ngôi 1 hoặc 3

Your

His / Our / Their

Yourself / Yourselves

Myself / Herself / Himself /

Ngôi 3

They

Ourselves / Themselves
They

 Không đổi ngôi

Them

Them

Their

Their

Theirs

Theirs

Themselves
She

Themselves
She

Her

Her

Hers

Hers

Herself
He

Herself
He

Him

Him

His

His

Himself
It

Himself
It

Its

Its

Itself

Itself
Tense changes
(Quy tắc lùi thời)

Direct speech (Câu trực tiếp)

Indirect speech (Câu gián tiếp)

Present simple (Hiện tại đơn)

Past simple (Quá khứ đơn)

S + is/am/are + C.

S + was/were + C.

S + V (s / es).

S + V-ed/P1.

She said: “I study hard. ”
Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn)

She said she studied hard.
Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)

S + am / is / are + V-ing.

S + was/were + V-ing.


She said: “I am studying hard. ”
Past simple (Quá khứ đơn)

She said she was studying hard.
Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)

S + was/were + C.

S + had + been + C.

S + V-ed/P1.

S + had + PlI.

She said: "I studied hard. ”
Future simple (Tương lai đơn)

She said she had studied hard.

S + will + V.

S + would + V.

She said: “I will study hard.”
Near future (Tương lai gần)

She said she would study hard.

S + am/is/are + going to + V.

S + was/were + going to + V.

She said: ‘‘I'm going to study hard. ”
Modal Verbs (Động từ khuyết thiếu)

She said she was going to study hard.

S + can / could + V.

S + could + V.

S + may / might + V.

S + might 4- V.

S + must / have to / has to + V.

S + had to + V.

S + might / should / had better + V.

S + might / should + V.

S + used to + V.

S + used to + V.

S + mustn’t + V.

S + mustn’t + V.

S + ought to + V.

S + ought to + V.

Note:
No change in tenses
Sự thật hiển nhiên
Mệnh đề thời gian

(Các trường hợp không lùi thời)
She said: “The Earth goes around the Sun.”

 She said that the Earth goes around the Sun.
He said: “I lived in Ha Noi while I was at high school.”
 He said that he lived in Ha Noi while he was in high

Câu điều kiện If loại 2 hoặc 3

school.
They said: “If he were taller, he would join a basketball
club.”

 They said he would join a basketball club if he were
Câu điều ước wish

taller.
The children said: “We wish we didn't have to clean the
house.”


 The children said they wished they didn't have to clean
the house.
Câu tường thuật ngay sau thời điểm nói What did Ms. Lien say?
She says we have to finish our projects by Monday.
Changes in time expressions
(Quy tắc đổi trạng ngữ thời gian, nơi chốn)
Now (bây giờ)
Then / At that moment
Today (hôm nay)
That day
Tonight (tối nay)
That night
Last night (tối qua)
The night before / The previous night
Tomorrow (ngày mai)
The day after / The following day
Yesterday (hôm qua)
The day before / The previous day
This
That/The
These

Those / The
Last + N
The + N + before / The previous + N
Ago
Previously / before
Next + N
The + N + after / The following + N
Here (ở đây)
There
 Reported speech: statements
Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp trong câu kể
Positive statement (Câu khẳng định)
“S2 + V + C + C.” S1 said.
said (that)
S1

said to sb (that)

S2

V

O

(đổi ngôi)

(lùi thời)

(đổi ngôi)

C
(đổi

told sb (that)
trạng ngữ)
E.g. She said: "I will go camping tomorrow.”  She said she would go camping the following day.
Negative statement (Câu phủ định)
“S2 + Vaux + not + V + O + C.” S1 said.
said (that)
Vaux + not +
C
S2
O
S1
said to sb (that)
V
(đổi
(đổi ngôi)
(đổi ngôi)
told sb (that)
(lùi thời)
trạng ngữ)
E.g. She said: “I won’t go camping tomorrow.”  She said she wouldn't go camping the following
day.
*** Vauc: trợ động từ (be/do/have/can...)
Note
- Say và tell đều có thể dùng cho cả câu trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp.
- Khi muốn đề cập tới người nghe, bắt buộc phải dùng tell/told sb.

- Khi khơng đề cập tới người nghe, có thể sử dụng say/said.
- Nếu muốn đề cập tới người nghe, dùng say/said to sb.

D. PRACTICE

A. PHONETICS
I. Underline the stressed words in the sentences.
1. Those people don’t live here.
2. They’re discussing important matters.
3. He invented the telephone.
4. Science has always fascinated me.
5. We are living in the age of technology.
6. We are not satisfied with the results.
7. They are not good at programming.
8. She doesn’t have a webcam.
II. Underline the stressed words in the sentences.
1. Did the students have lunch at home?
2. Do you meet her every day? - Yes, I do.
3. How could we fix this critical bug?
4. Do you like the new computer?
5. When did you buy that smartphone?
6. Who do you study with on Thursday?
7. Does he usually borrow your tablet?
8. Will you answer all the questions? - Yes, I will.

B. VOCABULARY
I. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
eye tracking
application
attendance

biometrics
experiments
scanners
printers
robot teacher contact lenses
fingerprints
1. You can uninstall a(n) _____________ you have installed on your phone at any time.
2. Using fingerprints to authenticate the user to their own phone is just one use of _____________.
3. _____________ are thin discs of plastic or glass that sit directly on your eye to correct vision.
4. Some fingerprint _____________ cannot read your finger if they are wet or dirty.


5. In these modern times, advances in science are leading to fewer tests and _____________ on
animals.
6. Each person’s _____________ are unique, which is why they have long been used as a way to
identify individuals.
7. Laser _____________ are durable and can print large quantities of monochrome and coloured
documents frequently.
8. _____________ is a sensor technology that can detect a person’s presence and follow what they
are looking at in real-time.
9. With a smartphone, a teacher can easily check _____________ without bringing paper and laptops
to the classroom.
10. Will we still need a human teacher if a _____________ is in use in a classroom?
II. Match the words or phrases with their definition.
1. face recognition

a. a small meeting room or a part of an online
meeting
where a small group of participants can do a specific

2. nanolearning
3. digital communication

activity
b. make something happen or exist
c. gradually grow or become bigger, more advanced,

4. invent

stronger, etc.
d. small learning experiences that can be completed
in a short amount of time compared to traditional

5. create
6. computer screen

educational experiences
e. the electronic exchange of information
f. produce or design something that has not existed

7. breakout room

before
g. technology that allows a computer to identify a

8. discover

person by their face
h. a system that enables people in different places to

9. develop
10. video conferencing

communicate and see each other using video screens
i. the working area on the monitor of a computer
j. find information, a place, or an object, especially
for

the first time
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.


1. She has spent the last four years studying for a degree in science and _____________.
A. technique

B. technology

C. technicality

D. technologist

2. Fingerprint _____________ sometimes need more time than usual to read your fingerprints.
A. screens

B. computers

C. scanners

D. printers

3. The _____________ took out her tooth and asked her to come back again for further treatment.
A. chemist

B. dentist

C. doctor

D. physicist

4. With face _____________, you can now unlock your phone by just looking at it!
A. recognition

B. connection

C. communication

D. conference

5. The object of their expedition was to _____________ the source of the River Nile.
A. produce

B. invent

C. discover

D. develop

6. Automatic fingerprint _____________ system can be used to provide information of whether the
student _____________ a lecture.
A. attendance - attended

B. attendant – attends

C. attending - attended

D. attendance – attending

7. _____________ products are chemical compounds or substances produced by living organism.
A. Artificial

B. Natural

C. Homemade

D. Manmade

8. Nowadays, the most common _____________ include fingerprint scanning, facial recognition, voice
recognition, and iris scanning.
A. devices

B. medicines

C. chemical elements

D. biometrics

9. _____________ typically refers to content that can be consumed in seconds or minutes, such as a
short video or interactive animation.
A. Experience

B. Experiment

C. Remote learning

D. Nanolearning

10. They sent some technical _____________ to maintain the air conditioner system in the building.
A. designers

B. producers

C. engineers

D. developers

IV. Supply the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. They have trained a number of young _____________ for their factory. (technique)
2. Recent advances in _____________ science mean that this illness can now be cured. (medicine)
3. If you want to _____________ coloured images, your printer will typically use colour ink. (printer)
4. Scientists are still working on _____________ new methods of reaching outer space. (invent)
5. The teacher read out the result of our _____________ examination yesterday morning. (chemist)


6. These devices require users to use _____________, letters, and special characters in their PIN.
(digital)
7. Scientific _____________ such as relativity and quantum physics radically changed the worldview
of scientists. (discover)
8. With the advancement of technology, _____________ application in everyday life is no longer
futuristic. (robot)
9. The doctor stressed that his new kind of treatment is still _____________. (experiment)

10. A lot of vehicles now can _____________ the owner and open doors automatically. (recognition)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Complete the second sentences using the correct verb forms.
1.

I said to her, “I can solve the sum.”
I said to her that I the sum.

2.

He told me, “I study computing in college.”
He told me he computing in college.

3.

She said to him, “You’re my hero.”
She said to him that he her hero.

4.

I told her, “I have no time for this.”
I told her that I no time for that.

5.

She said to her brother, “I won’t do this work.”
She told her brother that she that work.

6.

My teacher always says, “Practice makes perfect.”
My teacher always says that practice perfect.

7.

She told people, “I’m applying to Harvard.”
She told people she to Harvard.

8.

He said, “Many students don’t like studying at home.”
He said that many students studying at home.

9.

The article says, “Fossil fuels are limited.”
The article says that fossil fuels limited.

10.

I said to him, “The Earth goes around the sun.”
I said to him that the Earth around the sun.


II. Choose the correct answer.
1. The workers said that robots (were/ are) replacing them on assembly lines.
2. They said they (might/ may) develop wireless systems on their hardware platform.
3. He said he’d been so busy (this/ that) afternoon that he’d completely forgotten to call her.
4. She said she had left all worries behind and devoted herself to the study of science some years

(before/ ago).
5. He said that Emily was wearing a brown dress she’d bought (the previous day/ yesterday).
6. My teacher said that Alexander Fleming (invents/ invented) penicillin in 1928.
7. The secretary said I could leave a note on her desk whenever she wasn’t (here/ there).
8. The reporter said that the government didn’t have the answers to (these/ those) difficult questions.
9. Julia said that she didn’t like to stay at home and watch TV (today/ that day).
10. He said that the Internet signal could (then/ now) be transmitted by satellite.
III. Change the sentences into the reported speech.
1. “We can spend part of our budget on research and development.”
They said that
2. “She wants to donate money to establish this pharmaceutical laboratory.”
The reporter said that
3. “Thomas Edison was born in 1847 and died in 1931.”
He said that
4. “Our country doesn’t have sufficiency of natural resources.”
The President said that
5. “My doctor is advising about many things other than medicine.”
Bill said that
6. “We may do another experiment to examine this formula tomorrow.”
They said that
7. “Our mission will explore the planet’s southernmost latitudes.”
The explorer said
8. “Technology will change how we think and live.”
The scientist said that
9. “My brother is now concentrating on a career as a software engineer.”
She said that


10. “Jack and Jim are going to a technology fair now.”
He said that

IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. My brother said via the phone that he ___________ Sydney for a tour of the world.
A. is leaving

B. would leave

C. leaves

D. may leave

2. James said, “Hurry up! The store ___________.”
A. closed

B. will close

C. is closing

D. closes

3. William said that he had visit a famous laboratory ___________.
A. last three days

B. three days ago

C. three days before D. three days previous

4. Samuel said to his friends that ___________ to become a conservationist.
A. they wanted

B. he wants

C. they had wanted

D. he wanted

5. He said, “No matter what ___________ next, we ___________ him in his new project.”
A. happens - will support

B. will happen – support

C. happened - am going to support

D. would happen - am supporting

6. The teacher said that their school ___________ new computers in the library.
A. equips

B. is equipping

C. has equipped

D. would equip

7. He said that his computer was downloading a big file ___________.
A. at this moment

B. at that moment

C. at the moment

D. at moment

8. Dad said to me that the sun ___________ only a small star in the universe.
A. was

B. is

C. will be

D. would be

9. Jonathan said to his friend that ___________.
A. he is reading a science book now

B. he is reading a science book then

C. he was reading a science book now

D. he was reading a science book then

10. Susan said, “I usually take the bus to town, but ___________ I cycle for a change.”
A. today

B. that day

C. the day before

D. the previous day

V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. The reporter said that astronauts can bring back specimens of rock from the moon.
A. that

B. can bring

C. of

D. from

2. They said that the new telescope system will provide more detailed exploration of Mars soon.
A. the new

B. will provide

C. detailed

D. of

3. The Carters said that they would like to postpone their holiday until next week.


A. said

B. would

C. to postpone

D. next week

4. She said her manager that she emailed to their partner the week before and she was still waiting

for a reply.
A. said

B. emailed

C. the week before

D. was still waiting

5. The software developer said, “I began writing this software the previous month and I am still
working on it.”
A. began

B. this

C. the previous month

D. am still working

6. Ms. Jodie says that she really likes social media but she didn’t like TikTok.
A. that

B. likes

C. but

D. didn’t

7. Michael said to his teacher that he was having a headache at that moment, and he needed to rest
now.

A. said to

B. was having

C. that moment

D. now

8. “I would certainly continue living here for the foreseeable future,” said my new neighbour.
A. would

B. living here

C. here

D. foreseeable future

9. Mrs. Jodan says that she used the school’s website to divide work and assign students tasks every
day.
A. used

B. to divide

C. assign

D. every day

10. The author of the article says that solar panels were not comparable in price to wind generators.
A. The author of the article

B. were not

C. in

D. to wind

D. SPEAKING
I. Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.
Just go ahead with it.
I haven't found a suitable profession for my future.
How about you?
I will try to study first.
Outdoor activities are fun.
And programmers are the ones to create and develop it.
You want to be a computer engineer, don't you?
I see that you might become an explorer or a photographer.
Matthew: What are you reading, Anthony?


Anthony:

A book about computer science.

Matthew:

(1) ______________________________

Anthony:

Yes, I do. Actually, I want to be a software developer. I will write large programs.

Matthew:

What a great profession! Computer software is used not only for all types of computers
but also in many devices that are essential to our daily life. (2) ___________________

Anthony:

This work requires a lot of efforts and programming skills, but I love it and I believe my
dream will come true. (3) ______________________________

Matthew:

Oh, I’m a bit different. I don’t like either sitting in a room or staying at the same place
for too long. I enjoy natural scenes and outdoor activities.

Anthony:

Wow! (4) ______________________________ But who do you like to be, exactly?

Matthew:

I don’t know for now. (5) ______________________________ I will need some pieces
of advice for my career when finishing high school.

Anthony:

(6) ______________________________

Matthew:

Photography doesn’t sound interesting. I prefer exploration.

Anthony:

Great! At least you know what you like. (7) ______________________________

Matthew:

Thanks. I also hope that you will become a great software developer.

Anthony:

(8) ______________________________

Matthew:

Me too.

II. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___

I haven’t tried that app yet. I still prefer a printed book.

___

Until I can, I’ll stick to my low-tech books.

___

You’re right. It’s not a big problem. But I like the look of text on a printed page.

___

You mean that faded text on that yellowed page? On an e-book application, you can adjust the
text size, font, and even line spacing.

___

But if you haven’t tried it yet, how do you know you wouldn’t like it better? This free e-book
application can store over 10,000 digital books and it’s easily portable.

___

The ads aren’t a big problem. You can always skip them with a tap on the phone’s screen.

_1_

What’s that?

___

Well, I’m not sure.

___

I don’t usually read 10,000 books all at once. I hear that there are lots of ads in such
applications, which are the way the application owner is trying to make money.

___

Can I get all of the out-of-print books on my shelves in digital format?

___

It’s my new e-book application. I’m just downloading some new books onto it. I’ll read books
on my iPad. You know I like something... hi-tech!

E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Hardware and software are two terms you’ve probably heard of at some point or another. The odds
are high that you use both on a daily basis, whether it’s with your smartphone or personal computer.
Let’s take a deeper look at what these two things are and why they’re important.
Hardware is any element of a computer that is physical. This includes things like monitors, keyboards,
and also the insides of devices, like microchips and hard drives. Software is anything that tells
hardware what to do and how to do it, including computer programs and apps on your phone. Video
games, photo editors, and web browsers are just a few examples.
Hardware and software are different from each other, but they also need one another in order to
function. The hardware would be the physical phone itself, and the software would be its operating
system and apps. If we were to take away the software, we would just have a dead phone in our
hands. It wouldn’t be able to make calls, text, or go online because it’s not receiving any instructions.
On the other hand, let’s say we have no hardware, meaning there’s no actual phone. If all we have are
the programs, we just have a bunch of instructions but nothing to give these instructions to.
Hardware needs software to tell it what to do, but software also needs hardware in order to act out
its directions. When you combine the two, you can do all sorts of things, whether you’re using a
smartphone, computer, or any other type of device.
Technology will continue to evolve. We may not be sure how it will look in 100 years, but hardware
and software will be there serving as its foundation.
1. The second paragraph is mainly about ______________.

A. the difference between hardware and software
B. some of the hardware and software of a computer
C. the definition of hardware and software of a computer
D. some facts concerning computer’s hardware and software
2. The word “physical” in the second paragraph mostly refers to ______________.
A. material

B. natural

C. logical

D. mental


3. What does the author want to imply in the third and the fourth paragraphs?
A. Hardware and its operation system
B. Hardware and software work together
C. The superior role of software to its hardware
D. The way hardware and software function
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Some of the hardware inside of a computer are microchips, hard drives, monitors, keyboards...
B. Video games, photo editors, and web browsers are not software.
C. When a smartphone is making a call, sending a message, or going online, that means it starts
receiving instructions from the user.
D. A smartphone, a computer, or a similar device must have a functioning software to operate.
5. We can learn from the passage that ______________.
A. if there were no software, there would be no hardware
B. if a hardware had no software, it could create one on its own
C. in 2100 humans will still be using technological devices which have both hardware and software
D. we will only use the technological devices that have both hardware and software in 100 years’ time

II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
as
make
machines
do
washing
that
because
modern
Many people think that in the future robots will (1) ______________ all the housework. They talk
about robots (2) ______________ will be able to cook and robots that will tell us when we need to go
shopping. They say there will be robots in our shoes that do the hoovering (3) ______________ we
walk around the house! People think these robots will exist in ten years, and they think they will (4)
______________ a big difference to our lives. We all will have more
free time. But think about your house today. It is already full of (5) ______________! We don’t call
them robots, but they do the housework for us. Do you do the (6) ______________ yourself, or do
you use a washing machine? Do you do the washing-up yourself, or do you have a dish-washer? (7)
______________ houses are full of machines that help US do the housework every day. We don’t
think they are special (8) ______________ they are everywhere. Can you imagine living 50 years ago?
The future will be easy, but housework today isn’t so hard!

F. WRITING
I. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences.


1. He/ Valentina Tereshkova/ the/ that/ into/ said/ space/ woman/ to/ was/ first/ travel
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. It/ me/ if/ the/ won’t/ email/ replaces/ completely/ regular mail/ in/ surprise/ near future
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The students/ future/ the/ means/ finish/ about/ transport/ they/ would/ survey/ said/ of

__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Will/use/ for/special telecommunication lines/the/ systems?/ they/video conferencing
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The scientists/ that/ were/ a/ working on/ said/ vehicle/ which/ like/ looked/ they/ flying cars
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. My brother/ in/ university/ would/ my parents/ said to/ information technology/ study/ he / that
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. Mr. Graham/ that/ of/ new/ robot/ their/ one/ the/ for/ the/ smartest machines/ time being/ was/
said
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The teacher/ experiments/ have/ told/ following/ us/ we/ any/ that/ the/ morning/ wouldn’t
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. David said, “Robots can never replace human beings.”
 David said that
2. The man found the car’s battery and its interior design attractive.
 The man was attracted
3. On arriving in Da Nang, I made a video call home.
 When I
4. “You have to study harder if you want to be a doctor.”
 She told me that
5. My friend said that scientists would explore Mars in the near future.
 My friend said, “”
6. We can see our loved ones every moment thanks to video call.
 Video call makes it
7. We spent two hours uploading our video files to YouTube.


 It took
8. “Why don’t you swap the bookcase for the TV?” she said to me.

 She suggested that