Chapter 2 overview of contract (1)

Overview of Contract
TAN P.P. NGUYEN
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC

AND LAW


Questions of the day’?

6

What is a contract?

¢

Features of contract?

6

What is the law of contract?

é

Classification of contract.


1. What is contract?

6

“The law of parties’ agreement”

6

“A contract is a promise or set of promises for the breach of
which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which
the law in some way recognizes as a duty.”


Definition of contract in

Vietnamese Civil Code
Art. 385 (Civil Code 2015): “Civil contract means an agreement
between parties in relation to the.establishment,.modification.or
termination of civil rights and obligations”
Hợp đồng là sự thỏa thuận, để có hợp đồng phải có sự thỏa thuận (sự thống nhất ý chí)
A đưa ra để nghị nhưng B chưa chấp nhận suy ra khơng phải hợp đồng vì cà 2 khơng thống nhất ý chí.
Thỏa thuận có thể ngầm

định khơng cần minh định

Khi vào cửa hàng có phần giữ đơ thì việc để đơ ở chỗ đó là thống nhất ý chí suy ra tạo thỏa thuận.
Nếu hợp đồng là thỏa thuận thì khơng phải thỏa thuận nào cũng là hợp đồng
Lớp trưởng vs lớp phó hẹn hết h đi cà phê nhưng chưa đủ để thành hợp đơng.
Hợp đồng và hành vi pháp lí đơn phương khác nhau ở đối tượng, hợp đồng là thỏa thuận giữa các bên cịn đơn phương là I mình.


Features of contract

6

Expressing the intention/will of parties on binding promises
at the time of entering into the contract.

ê

The creation of a legal relationship/To be protected by the
law

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Involving rights and obligations of parties’ agreement


Are all agreements contracts?
6

Article 117. Conditions for effective civil transactions

1.

A

civil

transaction

following conditions:

shall

be

effective

when

it satisfies

all

of

the

a) Participants in the transaction have legal personality and/or
legal capacity in conformity with such transaction;

b) Participants in the transaction act entirely voluntarily;
c) The purpose and contents of the transaction are not contrary
to the law and/or social ethics.
2. The forms of civil transactions shall be the conditions
effectiveness in cases where it is so provided for by law.

for

its


2. What is the law of contract?

6 Why keep promises?
©

Something shall happen or shall not happen.

©

Will they do what they say they will do?

“The Law of contract is about the enforcement of promises, a set of
promises, or an agreement.”

6

Refer to sources of contract law in presentation |


Why do we need
the law of contract?

ê

To protect lawful agreements and innocent parties.

6

Providing a mechanism to solve problems arising during or
after the performance of contract.

6

Protecting the right of self-determination/freedom of
contracting

é

The foundation of national market policy


3. Principles of contracting

Art. 3 C.C. 2015 states that a civil contract must be entered into

in accordance with the following principles:

ê

Freedom to enter into a contract in provided
consistent with law and social morals.

that

it 1s

6

Voluntariness, equality, goodwill, co-operation, honesty and
good faith.

4. Conditions of a valid contract
3

-: ~ô

ờ

Article II7C.C 2015:
â

Condition of the legal capacity of contractual subjects.

©

Condition of voluntariness of contractual subjects.

©»

The purpose and contents of the contract are not contrary to
the law and/or social ethics.

©

Condition of expression (form) of contract.

©

Condition of contractual objects.(Art. 418 C.C.2015)

:

=


4.1 Contractual Subjects

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Individuals/Natural persons: Art. 20, 21 C.C 2015

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Organization
©

Juridical persons/Legal Entities: Art. 74 C.C. 2015

©

Other organizations


4.2 Expression (forms) of
contract

Art. 119 C.C. 2015
6

“A civil transaction shall be expressed verbally, in writing, or
through specific acts.”

6

Incases where it 1s provided for by law that a civil
transaction must be expressed 1n writing, notarized,
authenticated, registered or permitted, such provisions must
be complied with.


5. Content of a contract

6 Type of contractual term:
» Mandatory terms (Diéu khoan bắt buộc)
©

Regular terms (Diéu khoan thong lệ)

©

Optional terms (Diéu khoan tuy nghi).


6. Classification of contract

Art. 402 C.C. 2015
6

1. A bilateral contract

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2. A unilateral contract

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3. A principal contract
4. An ancillary contract

5. A contract for the benefit of a third party
6. A conditional contract


Other classifications

é

Consensual contract

¢

Real contract

6

Commercial contract

6

Civil contract

Case Law

ê

Practice in class


Thank you for your concentration.