Giáo trình Thực tập động cơ 2


TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHIỆP PHÚC YÊN

Th.S DƯƠNG QUANG MINH
BÀI GIẢNG
THỰC TẬP ĐỘNG CƠ 2
(DÙNG CHO HỆ CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHỆ KỸ THUẬT ÔTÔ)
(Lưu hành nội bộ)
Hà Nội – 2010
MỤC LỤC
Nội dung Trang
 
Bài 1. NỘI QUY XƯỞNG THỰC TẬP, GIỚI THIỆU THIẾT BỊ VÀ
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG DỤNG CỤ, THIẾT BỊ
 !"#$!%&'$($!")!*+',- $-  /
 !"#$!%&  /
0($!")!*+,- $-  /
0 1!2$34,- ,- $-  /
0 1!2$34,- 5 "5678 9:;<=7">3?. /
00 1!2$34,- 5 "5678 =7,@ AB  
Bài 2: HỆ THỐNG THÔNG TIN TRÊN ÔTÔ
0($=7C!D">!E1F!F  0
00"G ""H $IJ">!"? !"F !  
0KLMB!EJ* C  
0LMB!EJ$($,N,O'AMB!EJB(!  
Bài 3. CHẨN ĐOÁN CƠ CẤU PHÂN PHỐI KHÍ
K"G ""H $P$Q&"N&"?A"D  R
K0($&"P &"(&$"S,(
K0"S(TTLJA"U8 "7! $IJ $P 
V
K00W($+"A"U8 3J=>$"&"J&"?A"D  X

K0K "Y!)  Z  X
K0($AMB!EJA"($ [
K0/ :(&3Q!$?A\] 0
Bài 4. CHẨN ĐOÁN HỆ THỐNG NHIÊN LIỆU ĐỘNG CƠ PHUN
XĂNG ĐIỆN TỬ (EFI)
"G ""H 6^ 1"N 
00
0($&"P &"(&$"S(!_ "`&
0"D ">B($+"""H *a C*(!E1*U !J*=.
0
00"D ">B($+"""H *a ">!"? *(Bb"J">
!"? B^"c"!#$"S( 
0X
0K"S(J!E7 !"(=^B6>$$IJ $P  K
K"S($($$-B$"!)!
KLMB!EJEdEe"1=>'$"NA"F  
K0
K0LMB!EJ(&3Q!"1=>*PB8 '6Jf(&  K0
KK"D ">BAMB!EJ6d&"8 $"D"9AMB!EJ>!E6d
&"'AMB!EJ==` 6d&"'$"Q!=` &"< 
K/
KLMB!EJ$($$UB*)  KV
K/LMB!EJ$($$-B6J>!g!"gJ"^"  
KRLMB!EJhi  
Bài 5. CHẨN ĐOÁN HỆ THỐNG NHIÊN LIỆU ĐỘNG CƠ DIEZEL
/"G ""H 6^ 1"N 
V
/0($&"P &"(&$"S(
/0LMB!EJ*J 
V


/00"S(J!E7 !"(=^B6>$$IJ $P  V
/0K"D ">B6d&""1=>9(&3Q!'==` <  [
/0"D">BAMB!EJ*PB$J(&  /
/0/LMB!EJ*3Q A"   /K
/K"D ">BA"DU $P,YjY=  /
Bài 6. CHẨN ĐOÁN HỆ THỐNG LÀM MÁT
R"G ""H 6^ 1"N 
R0
R0($&"P &"(&$"S( R0
R0($$F 6>$$AMB!EJ!Ek$A"$"S(  R0
R00LMB!EJ3#ADA"D!$IJ">!"?  R0
R0KLMB!EJ">!  R0
R0LMB!EJ6J"a ">!  RK
R0/($AMB!EJA"($ RK
Bài 7. CHẨN ĐOÁN HỆ THỐNG BÔI TRƠN
V"G ""H 6^ 1"N 
RR
V0($&"P &"(&$"S(
V0($$F 6>$$AMB!EJ!Ek$A"$"S(  RR
V00LMB!EJ(&3Q!, RR
V0KLMB!EJ">!, RV
V0l!3?AMB!EJA"($  RV
T"-=-$  R[
^=>!"JBA"U  0
 !"#$% K

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
:M&"-$6-$"$F !($ U ,76^"m$!%&$IJ (61'3"61'!Ek$
"$!($ Ub6)!$?*^ U nThực tập động cơ 2o^ U ^

,@ =^B!^=> U ,76^"m$!%&$"D"$"3"61">$Jp '=^B!^=>
!"JBA"U$"$($*7"m$3"E $Q&$"1 ">& ^"F  ">F!F!7
!E 
^ U ,!"7$3qrP sJ l"*137'f$%&)$($,
3Jt
^ !"#$!%&' k!">!")!*+6^"k ,O34,-
,- $-'!")!*+
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($+"!7&"d !"D ">B6^Aq
8 34,- $($=7, $-'!")!*+AMB6^$"S(!" ,@ !E
 "fu
^0t>!"? !"F !!E1F!F
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($""%*)!$($!D">C'B?=1
"> GJ$"v 6k$($=7$UB*)6^$($"AMB!EJ$($=7C!D">
^K"S($P$Q&"N&"?A"D
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($&"P &"(&$"S( $P
!"F J$P$Q&"?A"D
^"S(">!"? "1=> $P&"8 >!49hwx<
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($&"P &"(&$"S(">!"?
"1=>!E1!E1 $P&"8 >!4t!"F J$($!D">C"y$Bb
3#$?
^/"S(">!"? "1=> $P,YjY=
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($&"P &"(&$"S(Aq8
$"S(!E1">!"? "1=> $P,YjY=
^R"S(">!"? =^BB(!
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($&"P &"(&$"S(!E1">
!"? =^BB(!$IJ $P
^V"S(">!"? *F!EP
E *^^!EJ *+$"3"61$($&"P &"(&$"S(!E1">!"?
*F!EP!E1 $P
^ U `$6)!!E1$P3f$P BF"m$nThực tập động cơ 2o

!E *^ U !($ Ub$? 2 !Ec"*^B!$($"">!"? 'EZE^ '$"y!$"z6^
,{"M!"Y$"P !Ec"BF"m$'$?*^ U $&"&"-=-$M"m$3"6^
$($5  ">&$!"M!#!"JBA"U
E (!Ec"*137,!Ec"6^8 =#$$"71!E *^ U
A"!E("A"H"G !")3!|Q!B "%`$"f}A)  &$IJ$($
*75  ">&'3"61
&'(')*+,-./0*0
($ U
 !"#$% 

Bài 1. NỘI QUI PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM, HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG
DỤNG CỤ VÀ THIẾT BỊ
1.1. Nội quy xưởng thực tập, các thiết bị dụng cụ.
1.1.1. Nội quy xưởng thực tập:
Q!$U$($3"61A"?  !"#$!%& ^"G $IJ
!E $IJ=k&!"c&"U!N!"I$IJ !"#$"^"'$IJ
"3Jt
~ m$3"&"U"m$v  '&"UY!"•'By$!EJ &"-$*U"I
~ L"6^"m$&"U$"v} "Y U 'A"F =^B6>$E1 !E  "m$
~ |J6^ &"U`$3#5 }$IJ (61"k ,O
~ L"F ("$*7$' "+$">!"7"y$=^B6>$A"($!E  "m$
~ L"F `$"v!!"?$'? E`*J!E  "y$!Ek$A")
 
~ E  "m$B?!"JBA"U$($$P$Q'">!"? A"F &"U*^"m$
$IJ ^"FB&"U`$3#5 }$IJ (61"k ,O
1.1.2. Các thiết bị dụng cụ.
")!*+t: $P'3J*^&"8 >!4hwx':5 "5(&3Q!
r- $-t&,- $-':5 "5678 
1.2. Nguyên tắc sử dụng đồng hồ vạn năng (ĐHVN)
:5 "5678 9;€l<=^!")!*+A"F !"M!")`$6k*Q!A\B!

Aq!"%!61^A"F $"e=^ ^"F!FB^$($ ^"A"($ !"M34,@
:;M,d '>(&6^>!E$IJB!B7$">'$• "MAMB!EJ
!"F B7$"$IJB!B7$">6^!"4$($,,Y
:5 "5678 $0=7t
~ 7,@ ABt:5 "5,@ ABM$"e (!E+
~ 7">3?tl^"c"">3?,@ !"!"M=H "y$Chr
"G $"v}A",@ :;t
sYH6^YY&"U$"2$$"2`$ 26^$#$,P 6^$#$NB:f
^3z!E("`$6>$?$#$A"F !"D$""`&!E A",d >B!$"f
"2$$"2Ea !Ek$B‚='$=#J$"m!"J !"D$""`&MUB
*U (!E+$"D"($)$?>(&!g!"J >!E"y$!"J ,d
>!"c$!"M=^B,d >*+$"(
L"A"F !"M( $"g  (!E+>(&"y$,d >!E B7$"'!"c"b
$"m!"J $J"P'3JBk$"M!k!"J !"Q&"PM$!"Mm$ (!E+
 GJ!"J 
E A"'B‚A"$"M!"J 'Y&"U 2!A"HB7$">
)A"F !"cvBJ$"M!"J $!"M""H 
1.2.1. Nguyên tắc sử dụng đồng hồ vạn năng (ĐHVN) loại hiện số
:5 "53?$B!3?MB36k5 "5$PA"D'=^$"D"($
$J"P'!EA"( $IJ5 "5$J"P,A"F  N3-!(&A"6^,d
>)'`$!3?>J$"f'!"15 "5^$B!3?"`$
 !"#$% /

MB=^$"7*a B7$">!4=1"J"H 'A""cA)!U!E !E "`&
$"J"'A"F `$&" 7&$IJ!-
:5 "53?$$Q!7""c"6z 5B$tL"6#$$2B!"4'B^
"c"'$F !2$$"m$")'$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 
„ "…J$IJ$($A}">34,- !E1:;=73?&1*  $(2(
J<:>(&$IJ,d >J$"f9c"K<
r@ M>(&$IJ$($ ,N$ $Q&>" Jc""y$

"^B('$($B7$">$>(&J$"f'6^$($>(&EJ$IJB(*)
(&$F 3Q!
T"P &"(&"3Jt :y!$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 6^&"7B6>
(&$IJ,d J$"f6^?$($,N!"4($$#$$IJ,d$!"M!"J!")
=O"J
*<:>(&$IJ,d B!$"f9c"<
r@ M>(&$IJ$($=72$'!")!*+>'6^$($B7$"!EJ33!E'
6^$($>(&6^Bƒ$3-!>(&!E $($B7$"
,$# :y!$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 6^&"7B6>
 !"#$% R
Hình 1.2.a. Công tắc chọn chức năng
Hình 1.1. ĐHVN loại số
Hình 1.2.b. Công tắc chọn chế độ Hình 1.2.c. Khu vực cắm đầu thử

(&$IJ,d >B!$"f:y!NB'B^Y6^B(!',P 'B^
H6^A"6#$`$!"4'6^m$ (!E+

Hình 1.3. Đo điện áp xoay chiều Hình 1.4. Đo điện áp dòng một chiều
$<:>!E9c"/<
r@ M>!E$IJB!*)!E'!"F B7$"$IJB!B7$">'U
B7$"9<'B7$""9∞<
,$# :y!$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 6^6+!ED>
!E†!"F B7$"9)B^"c"!"M">nn6^!"MB^'5 "5J 
$")!"4!"F B7$"r*QB$F !2$$"m$")M$"M5 "56^
$")AMB!EJ>!E<‡Jy!!"46^B‚$IJB!>!E"y$
B!$,NM>!ET"U*UUBEa A"F y!>(&6^>!E
!"MB^L"F !"M`$,,Y!E &"7B6^'6c>(&`$34
,- $IJ,,Y!"Q&


Hình 1.5. Đo điện trở Hình 1.6. Đo diode
,<LMB!EJ!"F B7$"
r@ MAMB!EJ!"F B7$"$IJB!B7$">
,$# :y!$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 6^&"7B6
!"F B7$"9UUBEa B^"c"">no6^!"MB^)A"F "
6%'*QB$F !2$$"m$")M$"M5 "5^3J $")!"F
B7$"<?$($!"46^B7$">$!"4"F *(3zA1=1)B7$"
>!"F B7$"
 !"#$% V

Y<"4,,Y9c"R<
r@ M!"4B!,,Y
,$# :y!$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 6^$")!"4
,,YLMB!EJ!"F B7$"$IJ$U0$"f),,Y^$!"F B7$"B!
$"f6^A"F $!"F B7$"A"!E(_$($!"4',,Y^`$($+"=^
*c"!" 
),,Y$!"F B7$"$U0$"f'!"cb*+UB7$")
A"F !"F B7$"$U0$"f'!"c*+"B7$"
ˆ<:$ $IJ,d >B!$"f
r@ MBƒ$!1!"-$ $IJ$($!")!*+=^B6>$6k,d >
B!$"f
,$# :y!$F !2$$"m$"ƒ$8 6^&"7B6
$ ,d >:M$ $IJB!,d >'&"UB2$JB&YA)?
!)&6kB7$">^r'"b!($"B!A"6#$!E B7$">M?$($
!"4^?!"4,P 6^&"DJ$>!")$J"P6^!"4NB6^
&"DJ$>!")!"Q&"P'6^m$ (!E+
1.2.2. Nguyên tắc sử dụng đồng hồ vạn năng loại dùng kim.
MB$IJ5 "5=^"J"'AMB!EJ`$"f=7="A>'
!"Q`$3#&" 7&$IJ!->'!"15 "5^$"7$")6f$"D"
($6^$!EA"( !"Q&A"U 0L†;=,6NA"6^$($B7$"$",d

!"Q&$"v *+3-!(&
J<:>(&$IJ,d >J$"f9c"V<
L">(&J$"f!J$"M!"J 6f$($!"J ‰'M!"J ‰
$J"P>(&$B!Q$';D,-)>(&‰00;!JM!"J ‰0/;'
)!JM!"J !"Q&"P>(&$!"c5 "5*(A+$"AB')M!"J"(
$J!"cAB*(!")$"D"($

Hình 1.7. Đo điện áp dòng xoay chiều Hình 1.8. Đo điện áp một chiều
 !"#$% X
Hình 1.9. Đo kiểm tra điện trở bằng đồng
hồ vạn năng

Chú ý : >!?A"F M!"J >!E"J!"J ,d >A"
6^>(&J$"fŠ)"B5 "53z*+"H  J=%&!ƒ$
)M!"J (&rB^6^ 5‰!"cAB5 "5A"F *('
" 5 "5A"F U"" :M!"J r(&‰5 "5A"F =1AB
!"15 "5A"F "H 
*3:>(&$IJ,d B!$"f9c"X<
L">(&B!$"fr'!J"k$"M!"J 6f!"J r'A"
!Jy!YH6^$#$,P 9‹< 5'YY6^$#$NB9~< 5'M!"J 
$J"P>(&$B!Q$;D,-)(&r;!JM!"J r0/;'
!E "`&M!"J !"Q&"P>(&$ŠAB*(A+$"AB'!E "`&
M!"J ($JŠAB*(!")$"D"($
* Trường hợp để sai thang đo:
)!JM3J!"J '(&B!$"f" !JM5 "5!"J J
$"f!"c5 "53z*(3J'!"F !"  (!E+*(3J$J Q&0= (!E+!"#$
$IJ>(&r'!"15 "5$• A"F *+"H 
>!?A"F M"B5 "56^!"J ,d >"y$!"J 
>!EA"!J>(&B!$"f9r<')"B5 "53z*+"H  J
E "`&M"B!"J >!EA">(&rŠ5 "53z*+"H

$($>!E*1!E 
$<:>!E9c"[<
;k!"J >!E$IJ5 "5678 !J$!"M`$EQ!"f!"ƒ
~ :AMB!EJ (!E+$IJ>!E
~ :AMB!EJ3#!"F B7$"$IJB!7,N,O
~ :AMB!EJ3#!"F B7$"$IJB!7B7$"
~ :AMB!EJ$($$,N*)(&$
!"F B7$"A"F 
~ :AMB!EJ3#&" 7&$IJ!->
~ :AMB!EJYB!-$*+,d'*+$"%&
A"F 
~ : AMB!EJ !E A"( $IJ B!B7$"
>
~ :AMB!EJ?!6^* *(,O
Œ:M34,- `$$($!"J ^5
"5&"U`$=2&0T!M'/;*1!E 'M4
,- $($!"J L"B"y$L"B!J&"U
=2&T[;
Để đo trị số điện trở ta thực hiện theo
các bước sau :
~ k$  t :M  !"J  5  "5  6f  $($
!"J !E')>!E"H!"cM!"J 
"B"y$"B')>!E=k!"cM!"J L"B"y$L"BŠ3J
$"%&"JY6^$"e"!E)!(&MAB5 "5*(6+!ED"B
 !"#$% [

~ k$0t"S*+
~ k$Kt:y!Y6^"J>!E'm$!E+3?!E1!"J 
(!E+`$$"e3?!"J !"J 
;D,-t)M!"J "B6^$"e3?*(=^0V!"c (!E+=^0V0V

"B0'VL"B
~ k$t)!JM!"J ($J!"cAB$"e=1B!$"v!'"6%m$
!E+3?3zA"F $"D"($
~ k$/t)!JM!"J (!"Q&'AB=1("f'6^m$!E+3?$•
A"F $"D"($L">!E!J$"m!"J 3J$"AB*( 6+!ED GJ
67$"$"e3?3z$"$"D"($$J"Q!
r@ !"J >!EMAMB!EJ!->9c"<
J$!"M,@ !"J >!EMAMB!EJ&" 7&6^""H $IJ!-
>'A"!->')=^!- ?B!J,@ !"J L"B"y$L"B')
=^!-"(!J,@ !"J "B"y$"B
Hình 1.10. Kiểm tra tụ gốm Hình1.11. Kiểm tra tụ hoá
Phép đo tụ gốm trên cho ta biết :
~ -$d!?!ŠAB&" 7&A"!J
~ -0*+,dŠ=1AB" A"F !E6f6+!ED$•
~ -K*+$"%&ŠAB5 "5=1"B6^A"F !E6f
•!E1=^&"]&AMB!EJ$($!-"('!-"(EQ!D!A"*+,d"y$$"%&B^
$"I)=^*+A"F9 UB>, <A"!-"(M*)!$"D"($Bƒ$"H
$IJ!-!J$33("6kB!!-Bk$$@ >, 
•!E1=^&"]&33(""J!-"($@ >, '!E !-=^!-Bk
$d0=^!-$•'!J!"Q!-0$&" 7&)"P!-Š$"ƒ !H!-0*+
A"F9 UB>, <
"v}A"!-&" 7&'!J&"UU$"fY6^=MYB
&" 7&
,<:$ $IJ,d >B!$"f
:M,d >*a 5 "5678 '!J5 "5?!)&6k!U!1
!"-6^$"v}=^$"e`$,d >"H"P (!E+$IJ!"J $"&"]&'!J
!"#$">!"Y$($*k$3J
 !"#$% 
Hình 1.12. Cách đọc thang đo ở ĐHVN loại dùng kim


k$t:y!5 "56^!"J ,d $J"Q!
k$0t:y!Y5 "5?!)&6k!U'YH6f$"f,P 'YY6f
$"fNB)AB=1!"Q&(!"c UB!"J )AB=1A+$"AB!"c!8
!"J ')!"J bM!"J $J"Q!!"c5 "5A"F `$,d >
^"e3?AB*(3z$"!J*)! (!E+,d >
Y<:m$ (!E+>(&‰6^r
L">(&r!"c!Jm$ (!E+!E167$"$"e3?r;‰
)!JM!"J 0/;!"c!Jm$!E167$"$ (!E+$J"Q!=^0/'!P
!#M!"J ;!"cm$!E167$"$ (!E+$J"Q!=^E "`&M!"J
;" A"F $67$"^ "$" (!E+!"cm$!E167$" (!E+lJ
' (!E+`$"N6k=
L">(&‰!"cm$ (!E+$• !P !#m$!E167$"‰;')
!"J $ (!E+A"($!"c!J!D"!"Y!Ž=>;D,-)M!"J 0/;!"cB‚$"e
3?$IJ67$"3?!P P 6k0/;
 !"#$% 

Bài 2: HỆ THỐNG THƠNG TIN TRÊN ƠTƠ
2.1.Các loại đèn tín hiệu trên ơtơ:
U 5 "5 v&=(Y6^ 34J$"GJ*)!`$!"F !6f$($">
!"? $"D"!E YU 5 "534,- $($5 "56^$($CM"M!"+'
*(">3#"7! $IJB!3?*&"%J!Em !E1F!FU 5 "5
*5 =(!" *?!ED$($=75 "53Jt
~ :5 "5!?$Y
~ :5 "5!?$ $P
~ ;FA)
~ :5 "5(&3Q!,
~ :5 "5*("1=>
~ :5 "5">!k$=^BB(!
 ^$($5 "5!E1'!E1!(&=F$d$$($C$U"*($($!"F 3?(
Bƒ$'$($$"ƒ$8 $IJ!")!*+>6^3#"7! A"F *c"!" $IJ$($">

!"? "c$" $"v *J 5B$($C3Jt
~ :C*((&3Q!,!"Q&
~ :C*(7&
~ :C*(&"J'$?!
~ :C*(Ez
~ :C*(C$U"*(9 ? "C*("J<
~ :C*(8 32&")!
~ :C*(">!"? &"J"
~ :C*(B$4J
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
:C*(&"J" T-BELT
:C*(!"2!,NJ!^$"J
v 6+!ED
:C *( "2$ !"2! ,N J
!^
:C*(=m$"1=>*+*S'
 "•!
 !"#$% 0
Đèn báo
hiệu và đèn
cảnh báo

Đồng hồ
tốc độ
động cơ
Đèn
báo rẽ
Đồng hồ
tốc độ xe
Các đèn báo
hiệu và đèn
cảnh báo
Vôn kế
Đồng hồ áp
suất dầu
Đồng hồ nhiệt độ
nước làm mát
Đèn báo
chế độ pha
Đồng hồ
nhiên liệu

:C*(37$
:C  *(  B#$  k$  =^B  B(!
!"Q&
:C*((&=#$,!"Q& :C*(Ez
:C*(B#$"k! $P :C*( 
:C*( $P"7!
A"F *c"!" 
:C*(F 
:C  *(  $("  $4J  $"J
 

:C*(&"J
Hình 2.1. Các loại đồng hồ chỉ thị bằng kim và các ký hiệu trên bảng đồng hồ.
&1 $,#$45''$6787$49:,
Hình 2.2. Cấu tạo đồng hồ táplơ loại hiện số.
"ƒ$8 $IJ$($5 "5t
;;<=9
*J 5B5 "5!?$M$"e!?$Y'5 "5b  M$"e
b  Y`$!g=v$Y*2!"7! 6^5 "5"^"!Ec"
;;<
"e!"+!?$ $P!"Y6†&96d †&"v!<"J!?$!E-$A"Ž $P
>?@A
"e!"+>(&•$"J>(&EJ$IJB(&"(!
;;,#BCD#2?
"e!"+(&3Q!,*F!EP$IJ $P
;;EF7'//,
"e!"+">!k$=^BB(! $P
;;2,7E#
"e!"+Bƒ$"1=>$!E *c"
G2,,#BCD#B
 !"#$% K
A- Báo áp lực nhớt C- Báo nhiệt độ nhớt E: Các đèn báo G- Tốc độ động cơ
B- Báo điện áp D- Báo mực xăng F- Tốc độ xe H- Hành trình

"e!"+Ea (&3Q!, $P!"Q&,kBƒ$*c"!" 
G2,HI#)JE
"e!"+Ea ">!"? 7&"7! A"F *c"!" 
G2,$(<
"e!"+Ea CJ $")*%!&"J'$?!
G2,=$
"e!"+C*(Ez&"U"J!E(

G2,#)K#
"e!"+Ea $UC*("J&"U6^!E(J $"k&
G2,/L7E#B
"e!"+Ea "1=>!E !"@ "1=>32&")!
G2,E<$
"e!"+Ea J A]&"J"!J',&"J"A"F I"J*?!"2 (Bd
G2,M$/N 
"e!"+Ea $$4J$"J`$ $"y!
E (!Ec"!"#$!%&"m$3"$!"M34,- 3J*^$IJ">!"? !"F
!M"%*)!$($=7C
2.2. Những hư hỏng của hệ thống thông tin.
($C*(3( A"A"J>6+!ED€3z!2!A" $P_)C
A"F 3( 9%!A"J>€~CA"F 3( ~CA"($6O3( <!"c$!"M"
"H t
~ >!"? !"F !AMB!EJCB7$">$=1J9"m$,Ev!A"
 ">B<
~ l7$">""H 
~ UB*)""H 
2.3. Kiểm tra bóng đèn.
L" y&""H ">!"? !"F !!"c!Ek$!1&"UAMB!EJ* C'
$!"M,@ !E#$J3(!YB,N!$* C$*+ƒ!A"F "y$$!"M,@
5 "5678 MAMB!EJ* CWJ!"J $IJ5 "5678 
!"J ‘M!"F B7$"'B!Yy!F* C6^B!y!
6H32!$IJ* C)A"F !"F B7$"!"c$"ƒ !H* C*+$"(' `$
=7)!"F !"c$"ƒ !H* CA"F *+$"(y$$!"M,@ !")!*+AMB
!EJ* C
2.4. Kiểm tra các dây dẫn, kiểm tra mát.
)* CA"F "H !"cAMB!EJ$($,NO'MAMB!EJ`$N
O&"U$3P5B7$">'AMB!EJ*a $($"&"N7,N,OMAMB!EJ
YB,N,O$*+ƒ!"JA"F *a $($",@ 5 "5678 y!!"J 

!"F B7$"9‘<MAMB!EJ
E "f!E "`&""H ">!"? !"F !$!"M=^,BQ!B(!
6c6%&"UAMB!EJB(!*a $($"B(!$IJ($6kB(!$IJ $P"y$
A" Y'"y$B(!$IJ $P6kA" Y
 !"#$% 

+
Hình 2.3. Sơ đồ của hệ thống thông tin.
Bài 3. CHẨN ĐOÁN CƠ CẤU PHÂN PHỐI KHÍ
 !"#$% /

3.1. Những hư hỏng ở cơ cấu phân phối khí.
P$Q&"NA"?A"D=^$($$-B$"!)!f&"?=` A"D7&6^A"DU
$IJ $P'3JB!!" J=^B6>$$P$Q&"NA"?A"D!" ""H t
~‡J=>$"&"J&"?A"Dt
‡#3J=>$"&"J&"?A"D$!"MUEJ=^,tbE8 $IJ*("E8 $JB'
Bd6^(!E@ D$"!Ef"J,b,NJE8 E *!EfD$""JJ
$d$!"M"UB!6^B2!D$"!Ef  N13J=>$"&"J&"?A"D"G
""H ^!"d  N1$"%B&"Jf&"?"‚"`&A"D
%U$IJ">!` ^=^B$" $PA"_B(9A" <'!"%B
$"D$d$!"MA"F _`$B(L"_`$B( $P=^B6>$A"F _
+"BQ!A"U8 $"7$"%B'$F 3Q! $P3 UB'A"F !8 !?$`$
 $P6@ !?$$J'!8 =` A"!"(!EJ ^BF!E .
L"*+ƒ!D$""J,NJ'$!"M,O!k$"? &(&6^e"&3! N
1!) 6JB7"'!"I e"&3!'$ !"N&(&"G !E "`&"!")
3zA"F A" `$ $P' "MB"Q!=^A"!J $"M $
!"M NEJ""H $U&"2&B(
~ld$P$Q&"N&"?A"Dt
ld$P$Q&"N&"?A"D!"  y&$($,7 3Jt
‹‡#Bd*("E8 _*$IJ$($_’ N1!)  Zff:?6k$($

 $P3J34J$"GJ'!E (!Ec"$"7E^!EP'!)  Z,*("E8 $JB3"
EJ3z&"U UB,!E 34,- 
‹ld*1,7 $JB'_!E-$$JB N1!)  Z!E-$$JB' UB$F 3Q!
 $P' J!8 $"v!">!6^A".
‹ld ^$'$dB_'F&(&3z=^B J!8 A"Y"">!$IJ$d
B_F&(&L" $P*2!=^B6>$Q!">!)  Z3J">!
!8 !)  Z UB:y$*>! "Y!) 5EQ!EZA" $P=^B6>$3?6d
J!"Q&
‹ld? ,O"k &(&'Bd!"N&(&'"H &"k!$"2,!"N
&(&3z=^B J!8 A"Y"? ,O"k &(&6^!"N&(&'&(&
A"F ADUB$"NA"F $_"v!!8 =` ,=m!6^*5 ?!!8
=` ,=m!6^*5 ?!"^"!Ec""v!$IJ $P',6%!8 A"?A"DU'
UB$F 3Q!$IJ $P
‹ld$"(E‚&J&')&J&,=` !"J!E *5 ?!=k'6^
">!$J N1$"(E‚&(&)&(&'&(& A"F AD)"
&J&"v!!"cQ!">!) _ `$$_"v!')"&J&U!"cQ!">!)
_? Uly!A"($3z N UBEZE>!A"(&3Q!$?A\]T$
‹‡J=>$"A"Y"F&(&6k$($MB,O 96Q$JB"J$dB_<
‡J=>$"A"Y"^$!"Mt(=k"JA"F $A"Y"L"A"Y"(=k
!"  N1!)  Z"•J"'!"%B$"DB!=J""J!^*A"F =^B
6>$L"A"F $A"Y"' $P$!"M$!"M=^B6>$A"">!$d!"Q&'
 !"#$% R

" A" $Pb 3z NEJ"*5 ?!6^ $P$!"ME B7",
B!=J"A"F =^B6>$
~H >B,&(&t
Hình 3.1. Một vài cấu trúc đệm dầu trên động cơ
E1 $P">734,- >B,!E1$P$Q&"N&"?A"D"!E1
"c"K:>B,!7A"U8 =^B6>$1B GJ$dB_6^&(&L"$>B
,$P$Q3z!# !E>!!1A"Y"&(&6^!# *@A"Y"">!*a

$($"!# !"J_$"f,^*5 $"ƒJ,!E A)!$Q>B,"$
>B,B^A" $P$d "JA"b I">!'$P$Q&"NA"?A"D
=^B6>$ "A"F $!)  Z
"H >B,$"I)=^,"H *JAD',O!kBQ!(&3Q!!E
*5 AD'A"U8 !#!"J_$"f,^$IJ>B,BQ!',Q!">
!)  Z
~!E1$($ OA"Dt
!E1$($ ,OA"D*J 5B"!E1$_"v!6^"!E1 ? U
L""!E1A"6#$, "v!!" Q!">"G !) ED!A"D=m!6^
 7&' $P*+ UBB7"$F 3Q!,"‚"`&A"D7&(=b L"*+
"!E1d ? U!" ACB!"Y!) !"(!A"DB7"EJ ^!7$"‚"
T"(!">$($!E "`&^$"I)*a  "YB(
($""H !E $P$Q&"N&"?A"D!" J,7 'd"H !)
"^"$"S($$A" ">B"Q!=^!E1 $P"f=J"$A)!$Q
&"ƒ$!7&
3.2. Các phương pháp chẩn doán
3.2.1. Chẩn đoán CCPPK qua khả năng hoạt động của động cơ
"S*+J $P6^A" 'AMB!EJ=^B6>$$IJ">!"? "1
=>'">!"? >'">!"? ("=4J?6k $P8 '">!"? 3Q ?
6k $P1jY'*=m$ ? U
‡4,- ">!"? A"  $P*a >($">!` 6^ 1
"N"3Jt
JL"A"F A" `$ $P
 !"#$% V

L"A" *a >!g)0=' $PA"F _`$B($!"Mt
~T"J&"?A"D3J=>$""f'(!E@ D$""J,NJ'=2&3J6+!ED,Q
!E1*("E8 $JB
~LCB!"Y!) 6J$"7B!E B(tƒ!D$""J,NJE8 '=>$""f
&"J&"?A"D

~)"^"AMB!EJ6+!EDy!$JB
* : $PA"_B(" 6O_`$'BQ!$"7$"%B
~ T"J&"?A"D3J=>$"D!,D$""J,NJ!E@ 9*+=>$"B!"J"JE8
$IJ*!Ef,O !E-$$JB<
~ L"F $A"Y"&(&B!"J"J=J"' $P_" 6O*+E
%!
~ W&(&*+E‚"f'ACB!"Y!) _? U"J_ `$!7$")"dJ
A"D' $P*+E  %!
$ : $PA"F $A"U8 !8 !?$'BQ!$")=^B6>$!^!Ut
, T"J&"?A"D3J=>$"D!
Y W&(&*+E‚ $P=^B6>$*+E  %!"•
3.2.2. Xác định khả năng sai lệch pha phối khí
W($+"A"U8 3J=>$"&"J&"?A"D$!"M!)"^"*a &"P &"(&
3JNt
J< a $"?!(",QtsJ $P*a !J',d!cB:'($+"A"U
8 !E@ ,Q,y!$JB
*< a ,Q$IJ$P$Q,O !E-$$JBta 6>$J3(!JF$4J
!E1!"NB(*("^'"y$&=!E-$A"Ž"y$!E1*("E8 $JB$IJ
&"2&B(
Hình 3.2 Các vùng nghe tiếng gõ động cơ
3.2.3. Nghe tiếng gõ
E $($&"P &"(&$"S(!"c$"S(!"Y!) 5$PA"D=^
&"P &"(&EQ!P U6^">UM$"S($P$Q&"NA"?A"D!"c$
!)  Z6@ 6^6@ /
Vùng 1: *J 5B!)  Z$IJ&(&'$'!E-$$JB'NB!"J"&"(!EJ
"H'y$*>!EZA" $P$")A"F !U
 !"#$% X

 1"Nt
~ L"Y"=k GJF&(&6^$JB"J$

~ “’6^!E-$$JB$A"Y"=k
ld*1,7 $JB.
Vùng 5: *J 5B!)  Z$IJ$($$y&*("E8 ,O !E-$$JB'NB
!"J"&"(!EJf' "YEZBm$")!U!Em  $P
 1"Nt
~ ld$($$y&*("E8 $JB
~ “’!E-$*("E8 "H 
"F J!J "Y"J "Y!E#$!)&'!7$($6+!ED A"6#$&"(!EJ!)
Z
~W($+"""H $IJ>B,9!E1 $P$>B,<
‹)A"B("7! A"F $!)  Z"•!"c>B,=^B6>$!?!
‹)$!)  Z$"ƒ !H>B,"H 
‹L"!"(2&% ^$d'A"F $A"Y"&(&9$dB_$ƒ <')=2$$d
B_!"Q$EP!ƒ$=^>B,"H 
3.2.4. Các kiểm tra khác:
‹W($+"=` =m!A"DJADA"D!$IJ*5 ?!
*D#O/, CP@?@Q R(->QS#T UB@QV
W>$B@Q=7$ XD#Y/ Z[@A\]7^@Q3 +_Q7`, *0>Q#a,
@A **_Q7`,,@A
MBAMB!EJA" $P!…" 1!2$J,d A"D]$(&3Q!
_+"'RJ!6^=J"')$=m!A"D!"c(&3Q!$"e!"+!E15 "53z UB
”&A)`$A"2$67$"!"Y•=m!A"D
Phương pháp đo: _B()">!+""(6d&"9* <:_
6^=J"A"U 0$$,*F!EPsJ!E-$A"Ž6^6d ?V6^
!E =‚6d&"9* <$IJ=J"$:m$!E+3?=m!A"D!E15 "5X
 !"#$% [
Hình 3.3. Dụng cụ đo lọt khí qua nhóm bao kín buồng cháy

‹:(&3Q!$?A\]t
‡3(" (!E+$IJ"J=t=!"ƒ"Q!ƒ 6kA"A"F $,!E

*5 ?!'=!"ƒ"J$$"!"1B6^!E *5 ?!B!D!,*F!EP
$P)"J=$"A)!U!"Q&"P+"6^$"""J=^&(&*+"
‹ "Y!) _
 "Y!) _ `$!7$_"v!=^,*+"&(&"v!'!) _A"!8 !?$
? U=^"&(&U ^EJ$!"M($+""$($&"$"S($" $IJ
 $Pt‡#3 UB$F 3Q!'!1"J"1=>'B^A"DU.
‹"S(""H $IJ&"k!*JAD!"N&(&9&"k! D!<t
"S(""H $IJ&"k!*JAD!"N&(&!"F J=` A"Y
!"(!EJ!g? U6^=` !1"J,"!*) J!8 
3.2.5. Đo áp suất cuối kỳ nén
:(&3Q!$?A\]`$!)"^"*a $($"=2&,- $-(&3Q!A"D
]6^=‚2&* "J=‚=2&6d&"(!E+$IJ(&3Q!$?A\]&"-!"$
6^ $P6^3?6d J=^B6>$!76+!ED
Hình 3.4. Các loại đồng hồ đo áp suất
:?6k $P:1jY(&3Q!A"D]A"($J',&"U,@ ?$
A)!$Q"6d&"l!3?,7 5 "5`$B1!U"!E1"c"6z:M
$!"M!"`$3?=>$"D"($6^(" (v $"Q!=` *5 ?!'$3?
6d J+"!E $($!^=>$IJ"^3UQ!
JEc"!#!"#$">(&3Q!$?A\]
"S*+t^=>Aq!"%!$=1J) $P$',- $-
~ 2&!")!*+6^ $P
~ L"  $P)">!=^B6>$9X

<
~ 2!B(!"(* "y$6d&"9$"v}$"f!"(<=J37$"=‚=2&* 
96d&"<
~ 2&6^=‚""c"6zlE ")!*kB J
~ :=tL"  $P9*a !JJ"y$ $P><I3?
6d JA" '2$L:>!?!:m$A)!U!E15 "5(&3Q!tT
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 !"#$% 0

~ :=0t"HB!D!,*F!EP9/$$<6^=‚=2&* L" 
$P9*a !JJ"y$ $P><I3?6d JA" '2$L:>
!?!:m$A)!U!E15 "5(&3Q!tT
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~ :=KtF*m!^&"d  J"&"=2& 2& GJ=2&B(6^!"N
B('A"  $P'm$ (!E+!E15 "5(&3Q!tT
K
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*:(" (A)!U""H 
~ 5 ?!$"Q!=` !?!!"c (!E+(&3Q!!"M">!E15 "5!8
"J") (!E+$#$7!P ƒ 6k"^"!Ec"$"M $IJ&3!)
MB$")!!E1' (!E+!E15 "5aB!E A"U "^3UQ!JEJ
~ &(&!"c (!E+(&3Q!!8 $"%B'A)!U=6^0$ (!E+
*a "J9T
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0
–—T˜<" A"F 7! (!E+"^3UQ!JEJ
~ >B2&B(!"c (!E+(&3Q!!8 $"%B6^$*m!^&"d *J=1
=!"ƒK9T
K
–—T˜<
~ "Q!=` $IJ$-B&3!']$B8 '=J"`$!"M">J=
6^0)"H,*F!EP6^(&3Q!!8 !"c=^""H $-B&3!']$
B8 '=J"9T
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L"(&3Q!(!"Q&A"F !8 ) (!E+$"&"]&$"ƒ !H*5 ?!!_
!"Q! "1B!Em 
;>$(&3Q!$"&"]&,(" ($"Q!=` $IJ!g =J"=^!"F !
A"(QI v&$"!J($+"""H !E =J"
 !"#$% 0
Hình 3.5. Đo áp suất Pc của động cơ

Bài 4. CHẨN ĐOÁN HỆ THỐNG NHIÊN LIỆU ĐỘNG CƠ PHUN
XĂNG ĐIỆN TỬ (EFI)
4.1. Những hư hỏng và nguyên nhân
>!"? "1=>&"8 >!4=^B!">!"? !_"`&*J 5Bt&"
$ $Q&"1=>'&"$ $Q&A"F A"D'&"fA"M>!4&"8
!"Y!e=>!"D$""`&6k$")=^B6>$$IJ $PE ">!"? "1=>
&"8 !"  y&$($""H 3Jt
ŒT"$ $Q&8 9"c"6z<
~ ;d&"$"D"'6d&"A" =7"t!2$=k=m$!E 6d&"'!2$
A•!AB&"'&"A"F !P:ƒ!6^$"7BB7$"$,NfA"M!E 6d
&"%U$IJ$($""H $!"M,O!kA"F _`$B(' $PA"F
!"M$"7$"%B'"JA"F UB*U$F 3Q!&"(!EJQ!76d&"$"D"6^
6d&"A" =7"`$!Ec"*^!E1"c"6z
~ f!)!(&3Q!9"c"6z,<
~ f!)!(&3Q!UB*U$"">!"? $ $Q&"1=>!k$($6d
&"8 6k(&3Q!=^B6>$_+"9'V/™'<L†$B0($""H $!"M
UEJt6Jf!)!(&3Q!*+"'B^  8*+" $"NA"F A"F AD
6^=d$IJB^  8*+"H %U N1(&3Q!!E  ? $"ƒJ
8 A"F  G_+"
ŒT"$ $Q&A"F A"D

 !"#$% 00

T"$ $Q&A"F A"D*J 5Bt ? ,OA"D'*=m$A"D'$UB
*)==` '$UB*)">!A"F A"D'$UB*)*kB J'6JA"D
$"7$"%B($""H !"  y&=^t$UB*)==` A"F A"D*+"H
N13J=>$"$")&""1=>' $P$!"MA"F _`$B('A"F
$A"U8 !8 !?$6JA"D$"7$"%B3J=>$"A"U8 ">$"e"A"F A"D
$"7$"%B1BQ!$"7$"%BA"F !U'$"7$"%B$!U ^EJ$d$!"M*+
" ? ,OA"D'"$($ $"NA"F '* UB$"Q$"N J($"
"H ^!@!"$6^$Q!Ev$E1 $IJ"^3UQ!
Œ>!"? fA"M>!4t
>!"? fA"M>!4*J 5Bt$($$UB*)'hiB('$($$-B6J
>!g!"gJ"^"'$($?,N,O
"H $IJ$($$UB*)'$($$-B6J>!g!"gJ"^"!"  y&=^t
$($?A"F UB*U!)&v$!?!'$"(ƒ!$,N'$"7BB7$",N$?'
$($=Z!g*+A•!($""H ^3z NBQ!!D">"J6F">"J$($$-B6J
>!g!"gJ"^"'"y$ N3J=>$"!D">6^'!D">EJ$IJhiB( N$"
 $PA"F =^B6>$"y$=^B6>$A"F _+"l!3?,7 $UB*)!Ec"
*^!E11U 
Hình 4.2. Một số dạng cảm biến
$3 7#7bCEN<c'O/2AE@Q
23 O/2AE
3 O/2A7b?=)@Q=O
($$-B6J>!g!"gJ"^"!"$">!"? "1=>&"8 >!4
*J 5Bt6d&"8 $"D"'$F !2$6d&"A" =7"'6d&"A"
 =7"'6JA"D$"7$"%B'*fA"M*PB8 'C*('">!"? *(=‚
!E11U R 2(BF!U$Q!Ev$,7 A)!$Q6d&"$"D"6^6d&"A"
 =7"‡P5$Q!7$IJ6JA"D$"7$"%B6^$F !2$6d&"A"
=7"!Ec"*^!E11U R
 !"#$% 0K


Hình 4.3. Sơ đồ một số cơ cấu th‘a hành.
$3 >$@Q)/d23?Y@N7
hiB(9"c"<=^!_"`&="A>>!4'UB"%$"ƒ$8 $IJ">
!"? !)&"%!D">'4=}!D">6^!)"^"($+"!D">EJ!"Y
$"P !Ec"b+"3š
Hình 4.4. Cụm ECU máy bố trí trên ô tô.
"H !E hiB( 5Bt=H $($MB?,N6k$,N'*+SB
k!6^Ed'ƒ!6B7$"'=H $($B?"^="A>'$"("J"H $($="A>
>!4*1!E ($""H ^!" ,O!k3J=>$"!D">!"gJ"^"&"
8  N1$($!E7 !"(tA"F _B(`$'A"F $"7$"%BM">$IJ
""H ^$• !P !#"$($""H $IJ$($">!"? fA"M>!4
A"($6c6%A"$"S($&"N!D$"=7!EgM($+"v !E7 !"($IJ
$"v 
4.2. Các phương pháp chẩn đoán tổng hợp
4.2.1. Thí nghiệm xác định hư hỏng bằng đèn báo trên bảng tablo
E1$($F!F">734,- ">!"? "1=>&"8 >!43P5
B7$">EQ!&"ƒ$!7&'$($B7$"6^*&"%A"($+"`$""H $IJ">
 !"#$% 0

!"? "aBB-$D$"P U!7fA>!"%=`$"34J$"GJ"")!$($">
!"? "1=>&"8 >!4f$">!"? !#$"S(""H 
A"J"6@ $" !"`34J$"GJ*a $($" "=7$($""H &"(!">`$
6^*"kA" $P=^B6>$6^*(=7$"=(Y*)!>!"? $!"M*(
*a ChL"y$B^"c"!#"M!"+
>!"? !#$"S(=^">!"? !"F *($" 6%"^"*)!6+!ED
*Q!A\!E-$!Ey$^B^hi"%!"Q!E *Q!A\">!"? !D">$IJ $P
:?6k"b €›€‰$($,J"B-$$"S( $P*J 5B!D">"7!
 *c"!" 6^$($!D">A"($!" L"$3#$?*Q!!" !E ">
!"? CAMB!EJ3z3( =1M!"F !$" 34,- *)! $PJ

y&3#$?
:M($+"6+!ED""H $IJ">!"? *a $($"A"hi"%!"Q*Q!A\
!E-$!Ey$^!E ">!"? !D">$IJ $P'CAMB!EJ3z3( =1M!"F
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