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f I T n g l E H c o n lH T T d n

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HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH
CONJUNTION USAGE

CD

BK

N H A X L/A T BA N T l / D I^ N B A C H K H O A

ANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTIO


C A M N A N G SLf D U N G T tf N O I T R O N G

7

.A rH

HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTION USAGE


TH.S TRAN TRONG DLfCfNG
NGUYEN QUOC KHANH

CAM NANG Stf DUNG Tlf NOI TRONG

7 [enq
HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTION USAGE

n h A x u a t b a n tl J b i e n b A c h k h o a


GIQfl THIEU CHUNG
■

A. Dinh nghta
lur noi la tir dung de noi lien hai tu, hai cum tir hoac hai
menh de vai nhau.

B. Cac loai tir noi
f

Co hai loai tir noi.
1.
T ir noi kct hop (co-ordinating conjunction) noi hai cau
dan trong mot cau ghep (compound sentence):

Vi du:

4

He had a pen and a pencil.
(he had a pen, he had a pencil)
(Arth la co mot cai but nnrc va mot cai but chi)
He went to the door and opened it.
(he went to the door, he opened it)
(Anh la di ra cira va m o no ra)
He goes to the market and buys flowers.
(he goes to the market, he buys flowers)

(Anh ta di cho va mua hoa)
My house has a dog and a cat.
(my house has a dog, my house has a cat)
(Nha toi co mot con cho va mot con meo)
My brother learns English and China.
5


(my brother learns English, my brother learns China)
(Anh trai loi hoc liengAnh va tieng Tnmg)
2.
Tu* noi phu thuoc (subordinating conjunction) noi
menh de phu vai menh de chinh trong cau phirc (complex
sentence):

Vi du:

Menh de chinh

Lien lie

Menh ile phu

She said

that

she would help.

(Co dy noi rang co dy se giup do)
You will recognize him

when

you see him.

(Anh se lihan ra anh dy khi anh gap anh dy)
He did not see

where

I had gone.

(Anh la khong Ihay noi loi da di)
Do you understand

why

I do that9

(Anh co hieu lai sao loi lam dien do?)
You can visit my house

whenever

you like

(Ban co the den tham nha ioi bat cu li'ic ndo ban thich)

6


Ttf NOI K ET KtfP
■

(C O -O R D IN A T IN G C O N JU N C T IO N S)
r

Co bon
1.
2.
3.
4.

nhom chinh:
Nhom AND : (Vci, ngu y: them vao).
Nhom BUT : (Nhung ma, ngu y: phan nguac)
Nhom OR
: (Hoac, nguy: chon lira)

Nhom SO
: (VI the, nguy: hau qua)
V aF O R
: (Vi: chi ly do).
Trong tirng nhom co nhieu tir dong nghTa, tuy nhien moi tir
co mot sac thai nghTa rieng.

BAI

1

NHOM AND
Nhom and dung de dien ta y cong them
1. A nd : va

Vidu:
He was tired and hungry.

(Anh dy met va dot).
He plays squash and rugby.

(Anh ta chai bong quan va bong bdu due).
My mother is beautiful and gentle.

(Me cua toi xinh dep va diu dang).
My teacher has a house and a car.
7


(Co giao cua toi co mot cai nha va mot cai o to).

«

Peter can play the guitar and piano.
(Peter co the choi diroc ghita va chcomg cam).
My house has a garage and a garden.
(Nha toi co mot cai gara va mot khu viran).
He likes reading books and watching television.
(Anh ta thich doc sdch va xem ti vi).
I make the payments and keep the accounts.
(Toi tra tien va giir bien lai).
I have two sisters and a brother.
(Toi co hai chi gai va mot anh trai).
2. B o th ...an D : v ira... vira, c a...d cu

Vi du :
He was both tired and hungry.

(Anh ta vira met vi'ra doi).
She was both pretty and intelligent.
(Co ta vira dep vim thong minh).
He both learned and watched television.
(Anh ta vira hoc vira xem ti vi).
Both men and women were drafted into the armv.
J

(Ca dan dug Ian dan ba deu diroc tint nap vao quan doi).
Both Nam and Lan go to the English club.

(Ca Nam va Lan deu di den cau lac bo tiingAnh).
Both my father and my mother are teachers.

(Ca bo va me toi deu lam giao vien).


She was both attractive and lovely.
r
r
,
(Co dy vira quyen ru vira dangyeu).
My closest friend is good at both Maths and chemistry.
(Ban than cua toi vira hoc gidi toan vira hoc gidi hoa).
His research is both clear and logical.
(Nghien ciru cua anh dy vira ro rang vira logic).
3. As well as: cung, v iia...n fra

Vi du:
He was tired as well as hungry.
(Anh dy vira met lai vira doi).
I speak English as well
as Italian.
r
r
r
(Toi vira noi diroc tiengAnh vira noi dupe tieng Y).
He can drive a motobike as well as a car.
(Anh ta co the di duoc ca xe may va o to).
My dog was quick as well as lovely.
(Con cho cua toi vira nhanh nhen vira dangyeu).
The weather is hot as well as cold.

(Thai tiet vira nong vira Ianh).
My school is large as well as nice.

(Tnrang cita toi vira rong vira dep).
Our hometown is quiet as well as peacful.

(Que huang cua chung toi vira tinh lang vayen binh).
This road was clean as well as romantic.

(Con dirang nay vira sack se vira lang man).
My computer is cheap as well as useful.
(May tinh cua toi vira re vira tien ich).

9


4. And also, a n d ...to o : va cung

Vi du:
He was tired and also hungry,
o r : He was tired and hungry too.
(Anh ta met va cung doi mra).
This book is interesting and also romantic,
o r : This book is interesting and romantic too.
(Quyen sdch nay hay va cung lang man mra).
My brother is naughty and also clever,
o r,: My brother is naughty and clever too.
(Anh trai cua toi nghich ngcnn va cung thong minh mra).
He plays football and also volleyball,
or : He plays football and volleyball too.

(Anh dy biet choi bong da va ca bong chuyen mra).
My teachers learned in Australia and also America,
or : My teachers learned in Australia and Am erica too.
(Cdc thdy co giao cua toi da hoc d Uc va cung a
My mra).
My girl likes watching Chinese film and also Korean film,
or : My girl likes watching Chinese film and Korean
film too.
(Con gdi toi thich xem phim Trung Quoc va cung thick
xem phim Han Quoc mra).
5. Not o n ly ...b u t also : khong n h u n g ...m a con, khong
c h i...m a con

Vi du:
He was not only tired but also hungry.
(Anh dy khong nhung doi ma con met nua).
10


He was not only a translator but also a tour guide.
(Anh dy khong nhicng la phien dich vien md con la
hudng dan vien du lich nica).
Her brother is hot only handsome but also friendly.
(Anh trai cua co dy khong nhicng dep trai ma con than
thien nua).
The doctor was not only good but also enthusiastic.
(Vi bac si nay khong nhicng gioi ma con nhiet tinh nua)
My tour was not only interesting but also impressed.
(Chuyen du lich cua toi khong chi thu vi ma con rat an
tuang nua)

She is not only pretty but also sings well.
(Co dy khong nhicng xinh dep ma con hat hay nica).
This car was not only cheap but also very fashionable.
(Chiec xe nay khong nhicng re ma cdn rat thdi trang).
r

r

He works not only quickly but also effectively.
(Anh dy lam viec khong nhicng nhanh ma cdn rat
hieu qua).
She is not only smart but also hard.
(Co dy khong nhicng thong minh ma cdn chain chi).
My dress is not only nice but also attractive.
(Cai vdy cua toi khong nhicng dep md cdn quyen rii).
C hu y:
>

t

Co the dat not only a dau cau de nhan manh.
Dong tir sau do phai chia d dang dao.

Vi du:
Not only was he tired but he was also hungry.
(Anh ta khong nhicng met md cdn doi nica).
11

f

Not only men but also women were chosen.
(Khong nhimg dan ong ma dan ba cung diroc chon mra).
Not only did he spend all his money but he also
borrowed some from me.
(Khong nhung anh ta tieu het tien cua anh ta ma anh

ta cdn vay cua .toi nua).
Not only is the watch the oldest but also it is the most
expensive.
X

^

r

r

r

(Cai dong ho nay khong nhimg cu nhdt md cdn dat nhdt).
Not only does the sun give us light but it also gives
us heat.

(Mat trai khong nhung mang lai anh sang md cdn sudi
dm cho chung ta nua).
Not only did he refuse to take the medicine but also hit
the nurse.

(Anh ta khong nhiiiig tir choi iiong thuoc md cdn dam

co y ta nua).
*

6.
F u rth erm o re, besides, m oreover, w h at is more
(w hat's m ore): them nua, hon nua

Vi du:
The

car was almost new;

furthermore

(besides,

moreover, what’s more) it was in excellent condition.
(Cai xe o to gan nhu moi; hon nua no cdn tdt Idm).
Besides doing the cooking I look after the garden.
(Ngodi viec nan nudug toi cdn trong nom khu
vucni nua).
12


She is very beautiful, moreover she,is intelligent.
(Co dy rat xinh, hon nua co dy con rat thong minh).
f

r

r

r

Besides learning in the university she works in the
company.
(Ben canh viec hoc tap a truang co dy con lam viec a
cong ty)

13


BAI

2

NHOM BUT
Nhom but dien ta y nguoc hay doi lap nhau.
1. But: nhung

Vi du:
The coat was thin but warm.
(Chiec do nay mong nhung dm).
r

r

Learning Korean is very difficult but interesting.
(Hoc tieng Han rat kho nhung thii vi).
The car is quite old but in excellent condition.

(Cai xe nay klid cu nhung van con tot).
1 want to go to the party, but I have to work.
(Toi muon di du dec nhung toi phdi 1dm viec).
We came in first but we didn't win the race.
(Chung toi den truac nhung khong thdng dupe cuoc
dua).
He is intelligent but lazy.
(Anh ta thong minh nhung luai).
This dress is cheap but very fashionable.
(Cai vay nay re nhung rat thai trang).
He is very rich but he is very mean.
(Anh ta gidu nhung rat keo kiet).
I will come but perhaps it will be late.
(Toi se den nhung co le se muon).
14


I am poor but I am honest.
(Toi ngheo nhimg toi that tha).
2. Still, yet: tuy nhien, tuy rang
>

r#

^

No thirong dung triroc menh de phu, truoc tir noi nay
thirong co dau phay (,).
r

t

Vi du:
You are not rich, still / yet you can do something to
help him.
(Ban khong giau lam tuy nhien ban van co the lam mot
cai gi do de giup da anh ta).
Doctors in this hospital are good, still / yet they are not
enthusiastic.
(Nhung bac si a benh vien nay gidi tuy nhien ho khong
duac nhiet tinh cho lam).
Boys in my class are naughty, still / yet they are very
intelligent.
(Con trai lop toi nghich ngam tuy nhien ho rat thong minh).
This car is too expensive, still / yet it is good.
(Cai xe nay qua dcit tuy nhien no lai tot).
t

r

I le had a good salaiy, still / yet he was unhappy in his job.
(Anh ta co licong cao tuy nhien anh ta van khong hcii
long vai cong viec cua anh dy).
My foot was injured, still / yet I managed to go to school.
(Chan cua toi bi dau tuy vay toi van co gang di den
truang).
My parents don't like me go out with my friends on
this Sunday, still / yet I go out with them.
15

(Bo me toi khong thich toi di choi v&i ban toi vao chu
nhat tuan nay tuy nhien toi van di cung ho).
^ C h u y 1:
Ta con thay still / yet blng cac lien tu nhir: how ever,
nevertheless, on the c o n tra ry , notw ithstanding th a t (mac
dau).

Vi du:
The car is quite old, still / yet it is good condition.
however / nevertheless
(Cai xe nay khd cu tuy nhien no van con tot).
Ta con dung notwithstanding that: mac dau la

Vi du:
Notwithstanding that it was raining, we went to the
workshop.
(Mac dii troi dang mica, chung toi van di hoi thao).
Notwithstanding that she is beautiful, everybody don't
like her.
(Mac du co ay xinh, moi ngiroi deu khong thich co dy).
Notwithstanding that this exercise is difficult, it is very
interesting.
(Mac du bai tap nay khd, no rdt thu vi).
^

C h u y 2:

Trong truong hop still, yet la trang tu (adverb)
Still (trang tir): van con

Vi du:
It is 10 o’clock and Tom is still in bed.
(Da micoi gid md Tom van con ngii).
.16


Yet (trang tir): chira, dung trong cau hoi va cau phu dinh

Vi du:
Have you been to London yet?
(Ban da den Luan Don chira? )
I haven't read this story yet.

(Toi van chira doc quyen truyen nay).
3. W hereas, w hile: tro n g khi m a, con... thi lai...

Vi du:
Nam is in the 6th form, whereas (while) Dong, who is
a year older, is only in the 5th form.
(Nam hoc a lap 6, trong khi Dong hart no mot tuoi lai
*

chi mai hoc a lop 5).
He is very clever and wins all the prizes, while his
brother never seems to know anything.

(No thong minh va doqt tat ca cac gicii thirong trong
khi do ngiroi anh thi hinh nhir khong biet cai gi ca).
He is small, while he is very intelligent.

(Anh ta nho trong khi do anh ta lai rdt thong minh).
My brother is lazy, whereas he learns very well.

(Em trai cua toi hrai trong khi do no lai hoc rdt gioi).
r

>

4. But th a t: neu nhu...khong (chi dieu kien)
Sau that thirong la menh de.

Vi du:
But that you helped us, we should have failed.
(Neu ban khong giup do chung toi, chung toi se tnrpt).
17


I would have gone but that I was busy.
(Toi se di rteu nhu toi khong ban).
I would have gone to school but that I phoned you.
(Toi se di hoc neu nhir toi khong goi dien cho ban).
But that you gave me money, I would gone out.
(Niu ban khong dua cho toi tien, toi se di khoi day).
She would have married him but that he killed that person.
(Co dy se dong y lay anh dy neu nhu anh dy khong giet
,

%r

r

r

r

*

nguoi kia).
But that you learned well, you should have failed.
(Neu ban khong hoc gioi, ban se trupt).
He would have died but that you excepted his
proposal.
(Anh ta se chet neu ban khong nhan loi cau hon cua
anh ta).
But that you listened to your parents' opinion, they
would have been unhappy.
(Neu ban khong Icing nghe y kien cua bo me ban, ho se
rdt buon).
Nhu vay trong cau co lien tu but that thi menh dd chinh la
gia dinh.
5. But yet: nhung, tuy nhien, tuy r5ng

Vi du:
I agree with you but yet I cannot leave from this house
at once.
(Toi dong y voi ban tuy nhien toi khong th i rdi khoi
cdn nha nay ngay lap tire).

I like to go out but yet I have many exercises to do.
(Toi thich di choi nhung toi co rdt nhieu bai tap
phai lam).
He doesn't love her but yet he has to marry her. (Anh ta khong yeu co dy tuy nhien anh ta van phai
cuai co dy).
r

I want to learn English but yet my parents like me to
learn Maths.
(Toi muon hoc tieng Anh tuy nhien bo me toi thich toi

hoc toan).
He doesn't have money but yet he buys many things
for me.
(Anh ta-khong co nhieu tien tuy nhien anh ta mua rdt
nhieu thu cho toi).
>

>

r

He is very lazy but yet he passes the test.
(Anh ta rdt luai hoc tuy nhien anh ta lai vuat qua
duo’c ky thi).
She is a beautiful girl but yet very few people love her.
(Co dy la mot co gai xinh xan tuy nhien rdt it nguoi
r

r

r

yeu co dy).
He wants to visit England but yet he has no money.
(Anh ta muon den nude Anh tuy nhien anh ta khong

co tien).
Everybody wants singer to sing this song but yet she
cannot.
(Moi nguoi deu muon ca si hat bai hat nay nhung co
ta khong thi).
19


6. But for, w ithout: neu khong co, ma khong
Dong tir trong cau d the gia dinh thuong dung duoi dang:
But for + Noun ( N- phrase)

Vi du:
But for the leadership o f the Party, we could not have
succeeded.
(Neu khong co sir lanh dao cua Dang, chung ta khong
the thanh cong diroc).
But for the weather, we could be at the seaside now.
(Neu khong vi thoi tiet thi bay gio chung toi da co mat
o bien).
But for my help, you wouldn't have got such a high
mark.
(Neu khong co sic giup do cua toi, ban da khong dat

diroc diem cao nhir the).
But for his father's allowance, he wouldn't have paid
the fee.

(Neu khong co khoan vien trp cua bo anh ta, anh ta se
khong trd diroc tien hoc phi).
But for this meeting, I would be at restaurant and have
dinner.

(Neu khong co cuoc hop nay thi toi da dang o nha
hang va an toi roi).
But for the gravity, we would float in the air.

(Neu khong co lire hut, chung ta se bdng b'enh trong
khong khi).
20


But for the phone called, I could go out with you now.
(Neu khong vi cu dien thoai thi bay gia toi se di chai
cung ban).
But for your help, .1 would not have gained more
success.
, (Neu khong co sir giiip do cua ban, toi da khong dat
diroc thanh cong nhieu nhir the).
*

f

I will go out without you.

(Anh se di choi ma khong co em).
7. None but + N oun: chi, chi co

Vi du:
We choose none but the best.
(Chung toi chi chon nguoi tot nhdt).
r

r

He loves none but the most beautiful girl.
(Anh ta chi yeu co gai xinh nhdt).
My class has none but this only boy.
(Lap toi chi co cau con trai duy nhdt nay thoi).
I have none but the pink shirt.
(Toi chi co mot chiec do hong thoi).
None but fools have ever believed it.
(Chi co nhung thang khd mai tin vao dieu dy thoi).
>

y

r

8. None o th er bu t than...: khong ai khac ma chinh la...

Vidyt:
The visitor was none other but than the president.
(Vi khdch do khong ai khac chinh Id thu tirong).

That kid is none other but than my younger brother.
(Thang nhoc do khong ai khac chinh Id em trai cua toi).
21