Wordly wise 10

Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction

Fourth Edition

Kenneth Hodkinson + Sandra Adams + Erika Hodkinson

EDUCATORS PUBLISHING SERVICE
Cambridge and Toronto

Editorial team: Carolyn Daniels, Marie Sweetman, Erika Wentworth

Cover Design: Deborah Rodman, Karen Swyers

Interior Design: Deborah Rodman
Vocabulary Extension Illustrations: Chris Murphy
©2018 by School Specialty, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or

utilized in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, without
permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in Benton Harbor, MI, in June 2017

ISBN 978-0-8388-7710-4

12 5 PPG3 21 24 019 18 17

Contents

Lesson 1 81 Lesson 13 139
Clown College Leading the Way 146

Lesson 2 1 Lesson 14 150
Gustave Eiffel's Tower 9 Eye in the Sky 157

Lesson 3 B Lesson 15 161
Yoshiko Uchida: Mandela and the End
Second-Class Citizen? 30 of Apartheid 167

Lesson 4 34 Lesson 16 m
A Most Valuable Person a Would You Like ItWrapped? 179

Lessons 1-4 Review 45 Review for Lessons 13-16 183

Lesson § 4 Lesson 17 186
A Vanishing Species 5 The All-American Girls Professional
Baseball League 193
Lesson 6 37
A Career in the Linen Industry 6 Lesson 18 197
The Violins of Cremona 204
Lesson 7 67
AGenius of the South 1⁄4 Lesson 18 208
Wilma Mankiller, Chief of
Lesson 8 79 the Cherokee 215
North to Alaska %6
Lesson 20 220
Review for Lessons 5-8 $0 Too Good to Be True 227

Lesson 9 9 Review for Lessons 17-20 BI

Human-Powered Flight 100 Pronunciation Key 232

Lesson 10 105
The Sweet Smell of Success m2

Lesson 11 16
Boiled, Baked, Mashed,
or French Fried? 13

Lesson 12 127
AWitness 134

Review for Lessons 9-12 138

Welcome to Wordly Wise 3000°

You've been learning words all your life. At first, you learned them only by

hearing other people talk. As you became a reader, you acquired another

way to learn words, and you're still learning them.
Obviously, it's important to know what words mean. Your studies so far in

school have proven that time and time again. We might be tempted to skip

words we don't know—particularly difficult words—when we see them

in textbooks. But this affects how well we understand what we read. And

after all, the goal of all reading—whether in books we read for pleasure,

textbooks, or online—is comprehension. Read this sentence from a job

application:

All applicants are required to have an up-to-date catalipan if

they wish to be considered for the position.
You can probably read and understand every word in the sentence except

catalipan, because it’s a nonsense word. You might say, “Well, it’s only

‘one word.” Butif it were a real word, you would have no idea of what
up-to-date item you need. This would not be a good idea if you were

applying for the job.

Clearly, the more words you know, the better your understanding of

everything you read. Wordly Wise 3000 will help you learn many words, but
it can't teach you all the words you'll ever need. It can, however, help guide

your learning of new words on your own.

How Do You Learn Word Meanings?

There are two main ways you learn what words mean: indirectly
and directly.

You learn word meanings indirectly by hearing and reading the words. In

fact, the more you listen and read, the more words you'll learn. Reading

books, magazines, and online can help build your vocabulary.

But you also have to learn some words directly. You may study them for a

class, look them up in a dictionary or glossary, or ask someone what they

mean. At school, you learn alot of words directly.

Since you are using this book, you are learning words directly. You are

reading the words, learning what they mean, and studying them. Then

you are practicing them as you do the activities. Finally, you might even
use them in your own writing or conversations. There is an old saying: "Use
aword three times and it’s yours.” Three times might not be enough, of
course, but the idea is right. The more you practice using a word, the better

you understand it.

What Is “School Language”?

School language refers to the vocabulary you find in the books you read,

from novels to textbooks, and on tests. You read them online as you
look up information. Your teacher uses these words to explain a math

or reading concept. Some have to do with a particular topic, such as the

Hubble Telescope, for example. Others are important academic terms,

such as hypothesis. No matter how much you talk casually with friends

and watch television or movies, you will not hear enough of this type of

school language to learn the words you need to know. That's why you often
need to study such words directly. In this book, these important words are

underlined to help you focus on them.

Wordly Wise 3000 is designed to teach you some of these words you need

to do well in school. Many of the words in Wordly Wise 3000 are those you
will find on college entrance tests, such as the SAT and ACT, on state tests,

and on tests required for high school graduation. Wordly Wise 3000 will also

help you learn how to learn more words. Remember, there is no single thing

that will help you comprehend what you read as much as knowing word
meanings will.

How Do You Figure Out Word Meanings?

What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don’t

know what it means?

Say It
First, say it to yourself. Maybe once you do this, it will sound like a word
you do know. Sometimes you know a word in your head without knowing

what it looks like in print. So if you match up what you know and what you
read—you have the word!

Wordly Wise 3000 + Book 10 v

Use Context

If this doesn’t work, take the next step: look at the context of the word—the
other words and sentences around it. Sometimes these can give you a clue

to the word’s meaning. Here's an example:

Will and Karen spent the night dealing with the odoriferous

creature.

Say that you don't know what odoriferous means, What kind of creature did
Will and Karen have to deal with? A monster? An insect? Then you read on:

Their dog, Dickens, had been sprayed by a skunk as he went out

for his nighttime walk. They spent the next hour bathing the poor

animal in tomato juice to get ride of the smell.

Now you see that the odoriferous creature is a dog that has been sprayed by

a skunk—as you know, an animal that spraysa terrible-smelling substance

when frightened. You reread the sentence using that meaning. Yes, that

works. In this sentence, odoriferous means “giving off a foul odor.”

Use Word Parts Does it have any
can help you figure
If the context doesn’t help, look at the parts of the word.
prefixes you know? How about suffixes? Or roots? These

out what it means. Read this sentence:

Kareem Abdul Jabbar was inducted into the Basketball Hall of

Fame in 1995.

If you don’t know the meaning of inducted, try looking at parts of the word.

In- isa prefix that means"in" or “into.” The root duc or duct comes from the

Latin word ducere, meaning “to lead.” Finally, you know that the -ed suffix

indicates that the word is in the past tense. So you put it together and figure

out that inducted means “led or brought into.” That makes perfect sense in

this sentence.

Look It Up

If saying the word or using context and word parts don’t work, you can look

it up ina dictionary—either a book or online reference—or a glossary.
Nobody knows the meaning of every word, but good readers know how to

use these strategies to figure out words they don’t know. Get into the habit

of using them as you read, and you may be surprised at how automatic it

becomes.

vi

How Well Do You Know a Word?

It’s important to know many words and to keep on learning more. But it's

also important to know them well. In fact, some experts say that there are

four levels of knowing a word:

1. never saw/heard it before. it means.

2.1've heard/seen it, but | don’t know what

3.1 think it has something to do with...

4.1 know it*

Just because you can read a word and have memorized its definition, it
doesn’t mean that you know that word well, or deeply. You want to know

it so well that you know when to use it and when to use another word

instead. One way to help deepen your knowledge of a word is to use a
graphic organizer like the one below that tells about the word promontory.

Concept of Definition Map

If you can fill in all the parts of this graphic organizer, you are well on your
way to really knowing the word promontory.

"Dale, E., & O'Rourke, J. (1986). Vocabulary Building. Columbus, OH: Zaner-Bloser.

Wordly Wise 3000+ Book 10 vii


asperity Study the definitions of the words. Then do the exercises that follow.

asper’ até 1. 1, Sharpness or harshness of manner.
There was a noticeable asperity in her voice as she scolded the children for
bane teasing Andrea.
2. Roughnesosf surface; unevenness.
ban Running my fingers over the new countertop, | detected a certain asperity.
1, Aperson or thing that destroys or causes harm.
buffoon Juanita’ little brother was the bane of our slumber party.

ba foon" baneful adj. Causing destruction or ruin.

doleful Hitler's baneful rule ended with his death in 1945.

dol’ fal 1, Aperson who often makes attempts to be funny; a clown; a fool.

Although he acted like a buffoon at parties, Matt was usually rather serious.
extrovert
eks’ tra vurt adj. Mournful or full of sorrow; causing grief.
The doleful look on her face told me she had not gotten the grant to go to the summer
program.

n. Aperson whose attention is focused on others and on what is going on around her or
him, rather than on her or his own feelings.
Rachit is an extrovert now, but he was rather shy as a young child.

extroverted adj.

Because she is so extroverted, she loves to perform in front of a large crowd.

garish adj. Excessively bright and flashy; tastelessly glaring. 431vDN1dNG LON 00- Iss.

© | told Li that his tie was too garish to wear to a job interview.
.
1. Agroup or system in which positions of power are ranked, usually from lowest to
imbue
highest.
im byoo’
In the state government hierarchy, the governor is at the top.
PS
Tell
instigate v. To fill completely with a feeling or idea; to inspire.
The really great athletes are imbued with a desire to excel.
in’ stagat
Share with your partner. a moment this week when you were imbued with happiness.

v. To stir up or urge on; to provoke.
Because Sabina was jealous of Dara's friendship with Taisha, she instigated an argument

between them.

Wordly Wise 3000+ Book 10 1

penchant n. Astrong attraction or leaning.

pen’ chant Mae's parents shared a penchant for crossword puzzles and made a ritual of doing them
peace every Sunday morning.
@ 2 Talk to your partner about something you have a penchant for doing, and explain why you like

rambunctious itso much.
ram bunk’ shas
adj, Behaving in a wild and unruly manner.
repertoire When the puppies get too rambunctious in their play, the trainer separates them.

rep’ ar twar n. The list of pieces an actor, musician, etc., is ready to perform; the skills or

rudiment accomplishments of a person or group.
The band knew most of the requests, but several songs were not part of its repertoire.
100" da mant 1. (usually plural) 1. A basic principle or skill.

22 This book teaches the rudiments of cooking, but it will not make you a master chef.

undermine 2. An undeveloped or beginning stage.

un’ dar min The rudiments of the clubs plan to raise money seemed promising until we realized how

@ unrealistic they were.

ae Chat with your partner about what you think the rudiments of polite behavior are.

unremitting v. 1.To weaken or ruin by degrees.
His habit of staying up all night seriously undermined his health.
un ré mit’ in 2. To attack by indirect, secret, or underhanded means.

@ During World War Il, the French underground sought to undermine the Nazi occupation.
se
Tell your partner about how you might react if someone tried to undermine you.

adj. Not stopping or slowing down; constant.

The unremitting sounds of the city kept me awake in my room all night.

Make an unvemittivig coud until your partner tells you to. or

2 Lesson 1

Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on thel à
line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the word correctly.
w
1. A doleful tale is one that expresses sadness or gloom.
=
A penchant is a fondness for something.
"
. One's repertoire is one’s range of skills or accomplishments.
An unremitting effort is one made in a halfhearted manner.a

Asperity is abrasive behavior.cal

A rambunctious crowd is one that is excessively exuberant.2
Rudiments are basic skills.
3IY2I1anG IONOG-SSØ
‘A buffoon is a person who tries to amuse people with tricks and silliness.

Ahierarchy is a group that is organized according to status.

). To undermine a plan is to work subtly to make sure that it isn’t executed.

. An extrovert is an effort that goes beyond what is expected.

Wordly Wise 3000 + Book 10 3

12, To be imbued with a quality is to have it in abundance.

13. To instigate something is to examine it closely.

14, A garish display is one that is showy to the point of gaudiness.

15. A baneful policy is one that is full of kindness.

1. garish look when | told him | couldn't come to his party.

(a) Walter gave me a ____

(b) The school gym was covered with ________ decorations for the dance.

(c) The multicolored sequined dress was a little too ________for my taste.

2. penchant

(a) Trina’s __________ for long words sometimes makes her sound pretentious.

(b) Isolation from the company of others had made him increasingly.

() A_____________ for stretching the truth gave Jamie a reputation for being

unreliable.

3. buffoon

(a) With his ill-fitting suit and mismatched socks, he looked like a

(b) The salesperson tried to________us into paying twice what the watch

was worth.

(©) Whenever Jieun tried to__________ her brother, he got annoyed and

walked away.

4 Lesson 1

bane we were forced to move.

(a) Our neighbors caused us so much _____

(b) Mosquitoes are the of people camping in the northern woods

this season.

(c) The _______ effects of DDT led to the banning of this toxic pesticide in the

United States.

v. repertoire

(a) The magician's____________ included making coins disappear into thin air.

(b) The 1929 model was the prize object in the antique-car collectors

(©) Beckham demonstrated for us his incredible_————————— of bird calls.

a undermine

(a) Your constant criticism will seriously _______ his confidence.
the public’s confidence in the
(b) Reports of mismanagement have
agency.
her chances of winning
(©) Interfering with her practice sessions will
the cello competition.

" instigate

(a) Amutiny doesn't start by itself; someone hasto_—————————t.

(b) The amateur detective vowed to _______ the dreadful crime.

(€) The college will_______its new admissions policy immediately.

imbue in the ground that we couldn't

(a) The stump was so deeply

remove it.

(b) All their children were with a deep love of learning.

(c) She _____in her followers a deep loyalty to her beliefs.

3IV2I1dnQ IONOdQ-ISSØ

Wordly Wise 3000 + Book 10 5

Word Study: Synonyms and Antonyms

Each group of words contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms.

Circle them. Then circle S if they are synonyms orA if they are antonyms.

1, baneful ecstatic doleful questionable s

2. fill instigate recall imbue s

3. hierarchy penchant aversion description s

4. roughness instigation clarity asperity s

5. docile garish rambunctious clever s

6. garish unremitting thoughtful plain S

7. provoke undermine instigate overlook s

8. undermine support begin barter s

9. constant silent baneful unremitting S

10, blessing hierarchy bane buffoon s

asperity

bane
buffoon

doleful

extrovert

garish

hierarchy
imbue _

instigate

penchant

rambunctious

repertoire

rudiment
undermine

unremitting

6 Lesson 1

ImaogfeWosrdsN

Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the bold vocabulary word.»

There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer.ˆ

. extroverted2

(a) No matter what I say, you seem to take pleasure in disagreeing with me. 3IV2I140G LON OG = 15s.

(b) | notice that Catalina spends more and more time alone in her room.
()_ Ever since he was achild, Tyrone has liked to take part in all group activities.

asperity

(a) “Don't you dare contradict me,” she said to her son.
(b) The engine knocks loudly because it needs a tune-up.
(©) Wearing itchy wool next to sensitive skin can cause a rash.

unremitting

(a) My grandparents worked for twelve months on the house and never took a

day off.

(b) The Eagles kept up the pressure on the Colts for the entire game.

(©) After thirty days, the drought showed no signs of ending any time soon.

rambunctious

(a) Lucy was disappointed with the ending to the novel.

(b) The garden had been sadly neglected and was overgrown with weeds.
()_ Jamilla’s orange coat clashed horribly with her pink pants.

hierarchy
(a) The Arc de Triomphe, a central landmark in Paris, was completed in 1835.
(b) The captain let me see the major, who then allowed me to see the colonel.
(©) Inches, a queen is a more powerful piece than either a rook or a knight.

6. doleful
(a) The headline read, “Earthquake Fatalities Exceed 2,000."
(b) The song was about the Great Famine that devastated Ireland.

(@ I could tell by their expressions that the rescue mission had failed.

7. instigate

(a) The server suggested that we try the goulash, which she said was delicious.

(b) The starter waved the flag, and the 400-meter relay got underway.

(©) “Something is not right here, and | intend to get to the bottom of it,” said Hector.

rudiments

(a) For his first basketball lesson, | taught Jin how to dribble the ball.

(b) My grandmother commented on my impolite behavior.

(2) Coach Ginsberg was surprised by how quickly | learned the basic moves.

Wordly Wise 3000 + Book 10 7

9. undermine

(a) Another big storm could collapse that wall.

(b) Maura’s hiking boots were so worn out that they couldn't be repaired.

() Termites had weakened the beams on which the floor rested.

10. repertoire
(a) The comedy duo exchanged impromptu quips that had the audience in fits of

laughter.

(b) The band plans to add two new songs to its Friday performance.

(©) Bhavya plays six instruments and is proficient on all of them.

Vocabuiln aCorntyext

Read the passage.

Clown College

When Irvin Feld purchased Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus in 1967,
he was concerned that the number of clowns in his circus was dwindling. The circus
had only about a dozen clowns, and the average age of the group was about sixty.
After seeing some clowns perform, Feld remarked with asperity, “They can fall
down, but can they get up?”
Feld found a solution to his problem in 1968 when he started a school that
would train a new generation of clowns. It ran for thirty years and at its peak was
receiving thousands of applications from those imbued with a desire to make people
laugh. During their audition, applicants might be asked to walk like a lizard or to
pretend they're on a planet with too much gravity and then on one with too little.
__||_asperity Only about thirty were accepted each year, usually the most extroverted. Shyness
had to be overcome, or it would undermine their chances of success. The college’s
bane director once said what he looked for in a clown was “a heart as big as Alaska and [a
willingness] to give it away on a daily basis.”
buff 1_Ruftgon After admission, eight weeks of unremitting hard work faced the successful
__||_ doleful applicants. For fourteen hours a day, six days a week, students learned the rudiments
of clowning. Classes were typically taught by veteran clowns, many of whom were
‘trovert big-name circus performers at the top of the ci`rcus hi3erarchy. Their4 day began wités h
warm-ups at 8:00 a.m., followed by an hour-long makeup class. From 9:30 a.m. until
= : t dinnertime, students practiced the physical aspects of clowning: tumbling, taking

Fh pracfals, walking on stilts, riding unicycles, and juggling. At the same time, they
re a worked on developing their own repertoire of tricks and stunts. They also had to
|
TT HEN

imbue

instigate

area
chan

bi

| embunct; ious

_j repertoire

decide which basic type of clown they aspired to be.
The auguste (pronounced ob-GOOST) wears garish clothing several sizes too big
for him or her. The makeup is greatly exaggerated, and the costume often features a

8 Lesson 1

bright red fake nose and curly orange wig. The bane of the other clowns, the augusteN
specializes in rambunctious behavior and delights in instigating mischief in the
circus ring and acting like a buffoon. Hampered by a pair of enormous shoes, the»
auguste is often seen being chased around the ring by an authority figure like a police
officer or the ringmaster.ˆ 3iYDI1dNG LON 00 «ISSO

Students with a penchant for mime are often drawn to another basic type,
known as the whiteface clown. Makeup for the whiteface is applied sparingly
around the eyes and mouth, over a white base. The shoes are a normal size, and the
costume is loose-fitting, The hair is completely hidden under a skullcap, over which
the whiteface wears a neat, cone-shaped hat. Much of circus comedy is based on
interactions between the auguste and the whiteface clowns. The whiteface is often a
victimof the auguste’s antics and therefore usually has a doleful expression.

In 1995, Clown College moved from Florida to Wisconsin. Two years later, as
a result of cost-cutting measures, the circus closed its doors permanently. Clown
College today exists only in the form of smaller clowning seminars and programs
offered throughout the United States.

During its thirty years, Clown College graduated about fifteen hundred clowns.
Class reunions are held every year when about three hundred present and former
clowns get together to swap stories of circus life. With no more clowns being
graduated, many of them tell of receiving calls from the circus, inviting them to
return. But the work is hard, the pay is low, and the turnover is high. Not many are
tempted by such offers. All agree, however, that their experience with the circus was
an exciting time of their lives. They had lived a childhood dream: They ran away to
join the circus.

> Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a word from

the lesson, use one in your answer. Use each word only once.

. How did Feld express his opinion of the state of the clowns in his circus in 1967?

What kind of person is likely to apply to Clown College?
. Why would shyness undermine an audition to Clown College?

1s Clown College all fun and games?

Wordly Wise 3000 + Book 10 9

5. What do students learn at Clown College?

6. Why might one conclude that students at Clown College get a good education in

clowning?

7. What kind of student might be interested in becoming a whiteface clown?
8. How does the auguste’s makeup and hair differ from those of the whiteface clown?

9. How would you characterize the auguste?
10. Why is the auguste the bane of the other clowns?

[unremitting ® The Latin dolere means “to feel pain’ ® Repertoire and repertory can be used _
interchangeably in some instances.
and is the root of several English One can speak of a singer's repertoire
of songs or of a singer's repertory of
words. A life of dolor is filled with songs. However, in this case, reper-
toire is the preferred term. Repertory
sorrow. A doleful expression is an is also the term for a type of theatri-
cal practice in which several differ-
unhappy one. Indolent once meant
ent plays are put on in rotation over
“free of pain" but now means “lazy.”
the course of a season. Many actors
®Extrovert and its antonym intro- learn their skills in repertory. A reper-

vert are formed from the Latin verb tory company may put on a tragedy

vertere, “to turn,’ combined with the ‘one night and a comedy the next,
prefixes extro-, “outward,” and intro-,
“within,” respectively. Extroverts turn with the same actors performing in
both plays.
their attention to what is going on
outside themselves; introverts turn

their attention inward, focusing on
their own feelings and thoughts.

hierarchy

noun A system of organization in which positions of power are divided into
levels of importance.

tra Academic Context
t o
A principal is usually at the top of a school’s hierarchy.
>
In science, you may have learned about the hierarchy in a food chain, with
[=e |
producers at the bottom and predators at the top.

Word Parts
The Greek root arch means “rule.”

Another example of a word with this root is monarch.

What other words do you know that have the root arch?

Discus&sWiriotinng Prompt
Describe the hierarchy of the people who work in your school and what their basic responsibilities are.

1. Turn and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3-5 sentences.
Use this space to take notes or draw your ideas.
Be ready to share what you have written.

Wordly Wise 3000 - Book 10 11

adjudicate Study the definitions of the words. Then do the exercises that follow.

2 jood’ ikat v. To hear and decide judicially; to judge.
Because her case was still being adjudicated, the defendant didn’t want to speak to
centennial the press.

senten’éal adjudicator n.
Annes trained as an adjudicator in marital disputes.
countenance
koun’ ta nans n. Aone-hundredth anniversary or its celebration.
The nation celebrated its centennial in 1876, one hundred years after the Declaration of
22 Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776.

disgruntle adj. Of or pertaining to a period of one hundred years.

dis grunt’ | Acentennial fair celebrated the town’s one-hundredth birthday.

equilibrium n. 1. Aperson’s face; the expression on a person's face.

Luke's countenance was doleful when he heard the news that the class trip was cancelled.
@ kwi lib’ ré am
2. Support or approval.
=) The teacher cannot plan the field trip without the principal's countenance.
v. To support or approve; to tolerate.
2+
The school board will not countenance a shorter school day.
expedite
Turn to your partner and change your countenance, and then change it again.
ek’ spa dit
v. To make dissatisfied; to put ina bad mood.
Q The employees, who haven't been given a raise in over two years, are disgruntled and
want an increase in pay.
2+
n. Astate of balance.
gird
gurd The United States government is most effective when its executive, legislative, and judicial

branches are all working in equilibrium.

‘Stand up with your paratndnpreetrend you have no sense of equilibrium.

v. To speed up a process; to facilitate.

The company hired additional workers to expedite the delivery of holiday orders.

expeditious adj. With great speed; quick and efficient.

Because we were catering two parties back-to-back, we had to work in an expeditious

manner,

v. 1. To encircle, biornsud rro,und. ing ferocity.
He girded his waist with a wide leather belt.

2. To get ready for action; to brace.
‘As 1941 drew to a close, the United States girded itself for a war of unremit

12 Lesson2