Ebookideas for ielts writing task 2 2 (1)

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Mục lục

Lời mở đầu 07

UNIT 1: Government roles 08 UNIT 3: Changes in family 65

Meet the physiological needs 08 Changes in structure of families 65

Meet the safety needs 12 Effects of some popular situations 70

Meet the knowledge and 15 Should household duties be divided 75

understanding needs equally all the time ?

Meet the aesthetics needs 17 Practice 76

To what extent should government 19 Key 82

interview

Government's responsibility towards 20

global community UNIT 4: Work 87

Practice 21

Key 28 Work satisfaction-job security 87

Work-life balance 90

The old and young at the workplace 93

UNIT 2: Environment 32 Competitiveness: Men-Women 96

Leadership: Who should assume this 98

The decline of animals and plants 32 position

The consumption of natural resources at 34 Practice 101

an alarming rate

Key 109

Non-renewable and renewable energy 35

sources

Causes and effects of throw-away society 38

Who is in charge of solving the 45

environmental problems ?

Practice 50

Key 59

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UNIT 5: Education 114 UNIT 8: Crime 205

Who should deverse government grants/ 114 Causes leading to crimes 205
school scholarships ? Effectiveness of common practices of 209
Universal access to education or just 116 dealing with crimes
young generation ? 120 An emerging crime: cybercrime 217
Importance of learning core subjects and Practice 222
acquiring soft skills 126 Key 230
Well-rounded education or specializing in
certain subjects ? 131 UNIT 9: Travel & Tourism 235
Learning: National or international 135
Factors contributing to effective learning 139 Benefits of taking a gap year and travel 235
Whether online learning can replace Drawbacks of taking a gap year 240
schools 143 Drawbacks of travel and tourism 242
Practice 152 Practice 245
Key Key 250

UNIT 6: Media and

Communication 157 UNIT 10: Health 253

Three common types of media 157

The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle 253

Communication: Spoken and written form 168

Practice 169 The excessive consumption of sugary food 259
or fast food

Key 175 Computer games: why are they so popular? 264

Pollution leading to health deterioration 267

The prevalence of cosmetics surgeries 272

UNIT 7: Technology 180 The benefits of playing sports and doing 275

The development of AI and robots 180 exercise

The necessity and difficulty space tech 183 Practice 279

Future of vehicles: Driveless cars 188 Key 290

Who should control the scientific research? 190

Practice 195

Key 201

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UNIT 11: Business 297 UNIT 15: Urbanization 385

Advertising: benefits and drawbacks 297 Comparison: city life and rural life 385
Commerce: online shopping and 303
traditional shopping The choices of means of transport in cities 395
Goods and services import 309
Practice 313 Solutions for traffic problems in cities 402
Key 319
Practice 407

Key 414

UNIT 12: Historic -

Cultural values 323 Tác giả 420

The decline of traditions and customs 323

The decline of minority languages and the 328

prevalence of English - A global language

Traditional museum and digital museum 333

Globalization: advantages & disadvantages 336

Practice 341

Key 347

UNIT 13: Animals 351

Animal testing: Benefits and drawbacks 351
Animal zoos 354
Practice 357
Key 360

UNIT 14: Housing-Building 364

Function or appearance 364

Horizontal vs Vertical cities: What is better? 368

Uniformity or uniqueness 373

Practice 376

Key 381

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LỜI MỞ ĐẦU

Understanding ideas for IELTS Writing được biên soạn nhằm giúp người học IELTS khắc phục vấn đề thiếu
ý tưởng cho các bài luận Task 2. Bằng cách thể hiện nội dung dưới hình thức sơ đồ tư duy (mind maps) và
các đoạn văn bản ngắn, người đọc có thể tham khảo ý tưởng hoặc dễ dàng nắm bắt cách xây dựng, mở
rộng, và bổ sung ý tưởng cho các đề bài viết.

Ấn phẩm bao gồm 15 chương tương ứng với 15 chủ đề phổ biến trong Writing Task 2, đó là:

1. Vai trị của chính phủ - Government roles
2. Môi trường - Environment
3. Sự thay đổi cấu trúc và vai trị trong gia đình - Changes in Family
4. Công việc - Work
5. Giáo dục - Education
6. Truyền thông và giao tiếp - Media and Communication
7. Công nghệ - Technology
8. Tội phạm - Crime
9. Du lịch - Travel and tourism
10. Sức khoẻ - Health
11. Kinh doanh - Business
12. Văn hoá và Lịch sử - Historic and cutural values
13. Động vật - Animals
14. Kiến trúc - Housing-Building
15. Đơ thị hố - Urbanization

Trong đó, mỗi chương sẽ bao gồm 3 phần chính:

Phần 1

Bài đọc và Sơ đồ tư duy. Bài đọc được chia thành nhiều đoạn đọc nhỏ hơn, thể hiện một khía cạnh cụ thể trong chủ đề
lớn. Bên cạnh đó, sơ đồ tư duy giúp người học nắm được các nội dung chính dựa vào các từ khố của mỗi đoạn đọc. Cuối
cùng, mỗi khía cạnh nhỏ sẽ có phần Tổng hợp bao gồm các ý chủ đạo của đoạn đọc đó.

Phần 2

Practice (Luyện tập). Phần này cung cấp các bài tập ơn lại nội dung chính bằng cách điền từ vào các sơ đồ tư duy và dựa
vào sơ đồ tư duy để lập dàn ý và viết bài luận.

Phần 3

Suggested Answer (Đáp án gợi ý). Phần này giúp người học có thể tự sửa bài tập của mình thơng qua phần đáp án gợi ý
từ đội ngũ tác giả.

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Unit 1: GOVERNMENT ROLES

The government exists to represent and serve its citizens, so the government is expected to ensure access to
essential services in terms of physiology and safety. This is because citizens are the ones who pay taxes to be able to
receive these services from the government. In return, the government uses tax money to fund programs and provide
assistance to people in need. Meeting these needs will bring social stability, well-being and prosperity to all citizens
as well as promote the overall development of a country. Once basic needs are met, the government can focus on
higher needs like education and art, which can benefit both the government and its people. In this chapter, learners
will learn more about the government's responsibility toward their citizens and the global community.

GOVERNMENT Meet the physiological needs To what extent should
ROLES Meet the safety needs government intervene?

Meet the knowledge and understanding needs Government's responsibility
Meet the aesthetics needs towards global community

Meet the physiological needs

natural disasters destroy crops
disrupt food supply chains

Food shortages geographical reasons barren
Solutions fertile soil

agricultural infrastructure and technologies - crop yield

FOOD

food banks - redistributed

More people than ever before are facing hunger and malnutrition on a global scale. It is estimated that around 345.2
million people will not have access to enough food, which is twice the number from 2020. This represents a huge
increase of 200 million people since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Why is the world hungrier and malnourished
than ever?

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FOOD SHORTAGES KEY WORDS
• food shortage: sự khan hiếm thực phẩm
Food shortages are a serious problem that affects millions • natural disaster: thảm họa thiên nhiên
of people around the world. One of the main causes of food • destroy crops: phá hoại mùa màng
shortages is natural disasters such as droughts, floods, • disrupt food supply chains: ngắt quãng
storms, which destroy crops and disrupt food supply chains.
In addition, geographical reasons such as dry or less fertile chuỗi cung ứng thực phẩm
soil can make it difficult to grow crops and produce enough
food for local people. These challenges often lead to food • geographical reasons: lý do địa lý
insecurity, in which individuals and communities do not have
access to the food they need for a healthy life. • agricultural infrastructure and

SOLUTIONS technologies: cơ sở hạ tầng và công
nghệ nông nghiệp
However, there are a number of solutions that can help address

these challenges. One approach is to implement policies that • food banks: ngân hàng thực phẩm
support agricultural infrastructure and technologies that • leftovers: thức ăn thừa
increase crop yield. In addition, food banks can help ensure • redistributed: được cung cấp lại cho
that leftovers are redistributed to those who need it most,
while reducing food waste. These practices can reduce the người khác
effects of food insecurity and shortage.

high cost of housing deteriorating national image
lack of housing

HOUSING public housing
offer low - interest loansing
Solutions prevent real estate bubbles
space research

SITUATION KEY WORDS
• high cost of housing: giá nhà cao
As of 2023, the global housing situation remains a challenge • the lack of house : sự thiếu hụt nhà ở
for many people around the world. In some developed nations, • deforest: phá rừng
the high cost of housing has made it difficult for low-income • deteriorating national image: ảnh hưởng
families and individuals to find reasonable housing. Meanwhile,
in many developing countries, the lack of housing remains a xấu đến hình ảnh quốc gia
significant issue. These problems lead millions of people
to live in poor conditions without access to basic amenities
such as clean water and sanitation. As a result, many people
choose to deforest to make way for new construction. This
results in a deteriorating national image. Moreover, in the long
term, the effects of climate change from deforestation will be
more extreme, with more frequent and serious weather events
causing damage to homes and displacement of people.

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SOLUTIONS • public housing: nhà ở cộng đồng
• low-interest loans: khoản vay lãi
To solve this, programs about public housing should be
proposed to provide affordable and accessible housing to suất thấp
those in need. Another solution is to offer low-interest loans
to people who want to buy a home or make necessary repairs • prevent real estate bubbles: ngăn chặn
to their existing home. This can help reduce the financial
burden of home ownership and make housing more bong bóng bất động sản
accessible to more people. It is also important that
governments have to intervene in the housing market to • space research: nghiên cứu khơng gian
prevent real estate bubbles, which are one of the main
causes of rapid increases in housing prices and the housing
crisis. Moreover, with the growing demand for housing and
limited space on Earth, space research for a new home to live
in is considered as a potential solution for the future.

WATER Causes the lack of education
Solutions overpopulation
natural factors

set maximum
punish
have a deep understanding of its current water situation

Around the world, approximately one in ten people do not gain access to clean and safe drinking water, and every two
minutes, a child dies due to water-borne diseases. The impact of this crisis is greater on women even in 2023. Why

does our planet still lack clean water?

CAUSES KEY WORDS

Water shortage is a problem that comes from many factors. • the lack of education: sự thiếu hiểu biết
One of the main causes of this problem is the lack of • overpopulation: sự quá tải dân số
education about use and conservation. Many people believe • natural factors: các yếu tố tự nhiên
that water is an unlimited resource, leading to misuse and
waste. Besides, pollution is a significant problem, with many
areas not having proper waste treatment before releasing
back into the environment.

Also, overpopulation worsen the problem as both household
and production activities require significant amounts of water.
Finally, natural factors such as climate change, natural
disasters and geographical factors such as having no streams
running through an area can also lead to water stress.

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SOLUTIONS • set maximum limits: đặt giới hạn sử

Setting maximum limits for water consumption or punishing dụng tối đa
those who overuse water would surely raise people's
awareness of the consequences of misusing water resources, • punish: phạt
thereby discouraging them from misusing water. In addition, • understand current water situation: biết
only the government has a deep understanding of its current
water situation. Therefore, only they can take action được tình hình nguồn nước và dòng chảy
accordingly to prevent drought and other emergencies that

water shortages can cause.

SUMMARY

Food shortages result from natural disasters and geographical reasons, which can destroy crops and disrupt food
supply chains. Solutions involve supporting agricultural infrastructure and technologies, and establishing food banks.
The global housing situation causes challenges due to high costs, lack of housing. Solutions include public housing
programs, low-interest loans, government intervention in preventing real estate bubbles, and space research. Water
shortage stems from a lack of education, overpopulation, and natural factors. Addressing it requires setting
maximum limits of consumption, stricter punishments, and deep understanding of the current water situation.

FOOD Food shortages
Solutions

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL HOUSING High cost of housing
NEEDS WATER Lack of housing - deforest
Solutions

Causes
Solutions

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Meet the safety needs

VIOLENCE
IN MEDIA

FORMS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE KEY WORDS

• physical violence: bạo lực thể chất
Violence in the media is a widespread problem that can have • sexual content: nội dung liên quan đến
harmful effects on individuals and society as a whole. This
violence can take many forms, including: tình dục

• Physical violence, such as using weapons, knives or guns • commit real-life crimes: phạm tội ở

to physically attack other people. Audiences, especially ngoài đời thật
younger ones, may copy these actions to physically bully their
peers because they think these actions represent strength • wars and terrorism: chiến tranh và

• Sexual content such as harassment and rape can khủng bố

stimulate negative reactions among potential criminals • domestic violence: bạo lực gia đình
and make them more likely to commit real-life crimes to • cyberbullying: bạo lực mạng
their friends and colleagues. • cyberstalking: theo dõi qua mạng
• violence normalization: sự bình thường
• Violent content about wars and terrorism is often
hoá bạo lực
illustrated in the media and can contribute to violence
normalization. Some people may form false beliefs that • false beliefs: niềm tin sai lệch
physical power must be used if people want to achieve
something in their lives.

• Domestic violence, such as parents beating or cursing at

their children, is another form of violence often described
in the media. This content can cause victims to be hurt, or
take extreme actions towards society.

• Cyberbullying, including online harassment and

cyberstalking, is becoming increasingly common in the
digital age. Some people may be stimulated and supported
by the demonstrations in the media, and commit
cybercrimes to society.

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SOLUTIONS • potential harms: những nguy hại tiềm năng
• nonviolent content: xem những nội dung
Addressing violent content in the media is an pressing issue,
and there are several potential solutions to help reduce its không bạo lực
negative impacts. An important method is education, with
school programs and media campaigns helping to educate • limit the exposure: giới hạn sự tiếp xúc
individuals about the potential harms of media violence and • control the types: kiểm sốt thể loại xem
promoting watching nonviolent content. Parents can also play • a time limit: giới hạn thời gian xem
an important role in limiting the exposure to media violence by • rating system: hệ thống phân loại cấp độ
controlling the types of media content their children use and
setting a time limit for screen time. An effective rating system tuổi xem chương trình
can also help warn viewers of potentially harmful content,
including content about violence or other harmful behavior.

HEALTHCARE

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CHALLENGES KEY WORDS

• medical treatment: sự chữa trị
Access to medical treatment is a concern to many individuals • price of medications: giá thuốc
and communities around the world. One of the challenges is • drug effectiveness: sự hiệu quả của thuốc
the increasing price of medications, which can make needed • healthcare facilities: cơ sở y tế
treatments more expensive than ever. Furthermore, drug • degraded existing infrastructure: cơ sở
effectiveness may change constantly due to the emergence of
new diseases and drug resistance in some patients. Another hạ tầng hiện tại xuống cấp
issue is lacking healthcare facilities and degraded existing
infrastructure, which can make it difficult for individuals to • healthcare workers: nhân viên ngành y
access services they need. This is especially problematic for • overwhelming workload: lượng cơng việc
people living in remote areas, who may have limited access
to healthcare facilities or have to travel long distances to be khổng lồ
taken care of. Finally, healthcare workers in many regions
may also be responsible for overwhelming workload but have • low wages, limited benefits and perks:
low wages, limited benefits and perks. This leads to lower
employee retention in the healthcare industry. lương thấp, phúc lợi và đặc quyền hạn chế

SOLUTIONS • employee retention: sự ở lại của nhân viên

When it comes to treatment, one key solution is to increase • increase funding: tăng ngân quỹ
funding, ranging from medical research to enhance existing • medical research: nghiên cứu y khoa
drugs and invent new ones to the investment in technology, • partnerships with private companies:
equipment and infrastructure. Specifically, investing in new
facilities and technology can also help improve access to cộng tác với công ty tư nhân
care while establishing partnerships with private companies
or borrowing or buying technology and equipment from other • borrow/ buy technology and equipment:
countries can help reduce and share the financial burden with
governments. Because private companies have abundant mượn hoặc mua công nghệ và thiết
financial resources and have motivation to renovate products
further, product development can be accelerated and improved • public insurance: bảo hiểm trách nhiệm

to be able to make money and get the profit in the fastest way.
Additionally, offering public insurance can help ensure that all công cộng
individuals have access to the care they need.
• vaccination programs: chương trình tiêm
In terms of prevention, vaccination programs and sports
facilities in public areas can help promote healthy lifestyles ngừa vắc xin
and reduce the risk of suffering from preventable diseases.
Raising awareness about the importance of healthy habits • sports facilities: trang thiết bị thể thao
such as eating habits and getting regular checkups is also • promote healthy lifestyles: thúc đẩy lối
important. Finally, it is necessary to increase the base salary
and perks for medical staff to improve morale and job retention sống lành mạnh
in this team.
• raise awareness: nâng cao nhận thức

SUMMARY

Media violence includes physical violence, sexual content, violence about wars and terrorism, domestic violence, and
cyberbullying, all of which can stimulate negative actions such as nominalizing violence, expressing strengths and

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achieving something using physical power to their colleagues and friends. Addressing media violence requires
education, promoting nonviolent content, limiting exposure, controlling media types, setting screen time limits, and
implementing an effective rating system to warn viewers of potentially harmful content.

Challenges in healthcare include expensive medications, changing drug effectiveness, lack of facilities and infra-
structure, and low wages for healthcare workers. Solutions involve increasing funding, investing in technology and
infrastructure, establishing partnerships, offering public insurance, promoting preventive measures like vaccinations
and sports facilities, raising awareness, and improving salaries and perks for medical staff.

VIOLENCE IN MEDIA Forms
Solutions

MEET THE
SAFETY NEEDS

HEALTHCARE Challenges
Solutions

Meet the knowledge and understanding needs

Education is one of the contributors to changing the current living conditions of an individual. Although playing a very
important role, it is ranked after the first two needs because if essential needs such as food, water, shelter, or safety
are not guaranteed, humans cannot focus on self-awareness and personal growth, and contributing to society.
One of the policies that the government meets the knowledge and understanding needs is providing “Free tuition fee”.
However, providing a free service also comes with disadvantages that need to be considered.

BENEFITS 15 | ZIM

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BENEFITS KEY WORDS
• free-of-charge education: giáo dục
Providing free-of-charge education can bring several benefits
to society. Firstly, it can help create equal opportunities for all miễn phí
individuals to access education, regardless of their financial
backgrounds. This can help many students from low-income • equal opportunities: cơ hội cơng bằng
backgrounds to attend school and ultimately lift themselves • lift oneself out of poverty: giúp bản thân

out of poverty. Additionally, a more educated workforce can
lead to increased economic growth and productivity, as thoát khỏi cảnh nghèo khổ
individuals with higher levels of education tend to have more
skills and knowledge that can benefit the labor force. At the • economic growth and productivity: sự
same time, by removing financial barriers to education, we can
also see increased literacy rates, which can ultimately lead to phát triển kinh tế và năng suất
a more educated and skilled population.
• literacy rates: tỷ lệ có học
• a more educated and skilled population:

dân số có giáo dục và kỹ năng cao hơn

DRAWBACKS

DRAWBACKS • a significant burden: gánh nặng lớn
• taxpayers: người trả thuế
However, there are also some potential drawbacks worth • the national budget: ngân sách quốc gia
considering. Firstly, providing free education may put a • the quality of students: chất lượng học sinh
significant burden on taxpayers and the national budget. This • motivation: động lực
could disadvantage other areas and potentially have negative • compete and strive: cạnh tranh hay
impacts on the entire economy. Additionally, if the quality of
students is not monitored properly, free education may lead nỗ lực
to a lack of motivation to learn, as students think there is
no need to compete and strive. This could lead to a lack of • accountability: trách nhiệm
accountability and potentially result in students dropping out • resources and facilities: nguồn lực và cơ
or not putting in the necessary effort to succeed. Furthermore,
free education can also lead to a lack of resources and sở vật chất
facilities in educational institutions, which can affect the
quality of education provided, as a result. Finally, the increase • job market saturation: sự bão hoà thị
in the number of graduates due to free education may lead

to potential job market saturation, making it difficult for trường việc làm
individuals to find employment even with a formal degree.

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SUMMARY

Providing free education can create equal opportunities and lead to a more educated workforce, but this proposal
may burden taxpayers and disadvantage other areas of the economy. Without proper monitoring, it may also result in
a lack of motivation and accountability, as well as a lack of resources and potential job market saturation.

MEET THE FREE Benefits euqal opportunity
KNOWLEDGE AND TUITION FEE Drawbacks
UNDERSTANDING NEEDS more skills
and knowledge

put a significant burrden
the quality
job market saturation

Meet the aethetics needs

Aesthetics needs are an expanded need after meeting the aforementioned needs. Some people believe that
aesthetics needs belong to individuals, and therefore government intervention will bring disadvantages. However,
according to the mind map below, meeting aesthetic needs seems to bring many benefits not only for individuals but
also for the country.

BENEFITS

BENEFITS KEY WORDS
• aesthetic needs: nhu cầu thẩm mỹ
Aesthetic needs play an important role in the development of • boost national image: nâng cao hình ảnh
society and can have several positive impacts. Firstly,
investing in aesthetics can boost national image by creating quốc gia
attractive public spaces, buildings, and monuments that

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reflect the unique cultural and historical identity of a country. • cultural and historical identity: bản sắc
This can improve the country's image both nationally and
internationally. Additionally, investing in aesthetics can have văn hoá và lịch sử
positive impacts on not only the economy, as it can attract
tourism and create jobs in fields, but also the social • attract tourism: thu hút du lịch
cohesion,as the same style of architecture can foster a sense • social cohesion: sự gắn kết xã hội
of unity and equality in society. Also, by preserving cultural • foster a sense of unity and equality: thúc
heritage, societies can help pass down traditions from
generation to generation. Finally, improving the aesthetics of đẩy sự gắn kết và công bằng
public spaces can enhance the quality of life for citizens by
creating attractive and functional areas for people to gather, • preserve cultural heritage: bảo tồn di sản
relax, and enjoy.
văn hoá

• pass down traditions: truyền lại những

phong tục, truyền thống

• enhance the quality of life: nâng cao chất

lượng cuộc sống

DRAWBACKS

DRAWBACKS • subjective: mang tính chủ quan
• a limited audience: lượng khán giả
However, for some people, aesthetics is subjective, and what
may be considered aesthetic for one group may not be for giới hạn
another. Therefore, it is only suitable for a limited audience, as
not everyone can access or appreciate the beauty of a work. • using taxpayers’ money: sử dụng
Moreover, using taxpayers’ money to sponsor aesthetic
improvements may cause a resentful attitude among the tiền thuế
public, especially if they feel that urgent issues are not
being addressed. Finally, investing in aesthetics may not • a resentful attitude: thái độ phẫn nộ
always bring immediate economic benefits and therefore may • immediate economic benefits: lợi ích
be seen as a less attractive investment option.
kinh tế ngay lập tức

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SUMMARY

Investing in aesthetics can boost national image and the economy, promote social cohesion and culture, and enhance
citizens' quality of life. However, aesthetic preferences are subjective and may not be valued by all, leading to limited
audience and potential resentment among taxpayers.

BENEFITS Boost national image
Economy
Social cohesion

Culture
Enhance the quality
life for citizens

MEET THE
AESTHETICS NEEDS

DRAWBACKS Subjective

Using taxpayers

Not always bring immediate
economic benefits

To what extent should government intervene

The level of government intervention in different aspects of life will vary depending on the political system and level
of development of a country. However, is there any government in the world that has the right to control 100% of the
issues in their country? What would happen to that country if such a situation occurred?
The answer is:
If any government in the world has the right to control 100% of the issues in their country, individual freedoms and
rights in that country will be greatly limited or almost non-existent. That government will have the power to control
every aspect, from jobs, education to religion or social relationships. Therefore, innovation and creativity will be sup-
pressed and have no room to develop, and the country will find it difficult to compete with other countries in the world,
as a consequence. This can even lead to a resentful attitude and may be the beginning of forms of social instability.
In summary, the role of the government is crucial for the formation and development of a country. However, depend-
ing on the issues, the government needs to have a significant or moderate level of intervention to maintain stability
and promote the development of the country.

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Government's responsibility towards global community

Governments play an important role in promoting global peace KEY WORDS
and stability, protecting human rights, addressing global • global peace and stability: hịa bình và
challenges, and promoting trade cooperation.
sự ổn định toàn cầu
In Southeast Asia, for example, countries have been working
together to promote regional peace and stability through • resolve conflicts: giải quyết mâu thuẫn
organizations such as ASEAN, which aims to promote • humanitarian aid: hỗ trợ nhân đạo
economic, political, and security cooperation among its • human rights: bảo vệ quyền con người
member states. Governments in the region also work • global challenges: thách thức phạm vi
together to resolve conflicts, such as the territorial disputes in
the South China Sea, and to provide humanitarian aid to areas toàn cầu
affected by natural disasters or conflicts.
• climate change: biến đổi khí hậu
Human rights have also been a major concern. In some • poverty: đói nghèo
countries facing issues such as discrimination, human • inequality: sự bất công
trafficking, and other forms of exploitation, governments in • trade cooperation: hợp tác thương mại
the region have been taking steps to combat these issues, • mutual prosperity: sự thịnh vượng chung
with some countries implementing laws to protect vulnerable
groups and promote equality.

Global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and
inequality are also issues that many parts of the world are
facing. For example, some countries have been cooperating
and implementing sustainable development initiatives and
promoting the use of renewable energy sources to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.

Trade cooperation is also important around the world. For
instance, countries in Southeast Asia are working together
to promote mutual prosperity through initiatives such as the
ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), which aims to create a free
trade area among ASEAN member states. Governments have
also been working to attract foreign investment and promote
trade with other countries outside the region.

SUMMARY

In addition to their responsibility to their own citizens, governments also have a positive role to play in the internation-
al community in terms of the promotion of worldwide peace and stability, protection of human rights, addressing of
global challenges, and the promotion of trade cooperation.

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