Buuster B2 Ticher''s Book PDF

Grammar & Vocabulary

Booster

BeTEACHER’S BOOK

Jenny Dooley

Bos

Express Publishing


Contents

| Grammar: Tenses .. 8 Grammar: Wishes/Unreal past. p. 80
People .. Vocabulary: Environment .... p. 84
Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often
English in Use: words often confused (do, make) English in Use: confused (related to the environment,
2 Grammar: Key-word transformations, word lose/loose)
Vocabulary: formation, open cloze text, 9 Grammar: Key-word transformations, word
English in Use: multiple choice sentences ........ p. 16 formation, multiple choice cloze
3 Grammar: Vocabulary:
Vocabulary: The infinitive/-ing form/ English in Use: text, multiple choice sentences
participles (grammar/vocabulary) p. 86
English in Use: 1 0 Grammar:
4 Grammar: Travel & tourism .p. 26 Vocabulary: Reported speech . p. 88
Phrasal verbs, prepositions, English in Use: Sports p. 100
Vocabulary: words often confused (drive, ride, sail)
English in Use: Key-word transformations, word REVIEW B Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often
11> Grammar: confused (win, beat, earn, gain)

5 Grammar: formation, multiple choice cloze Key-word transformations, word
text, word formation................... p. 28 Vocabulary: formation, multiple choice sentences
Vocabulary:
English in Use: Modals . .p. 30 English in Use: (word formation), multiple choice
REVIEW A 1 2 Grammar: CIOZE TOXE cesssssessseeeernssesscceseseeeeteres p. 102
6 Grammar: Food.. .p. 36
Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Vocabulary: Nouns/Articles . p. 104
English in Use: words often confused (refuse/deny, English in Use: p. 110
false/artificial, clean/clear) Education
7 Grammar: 1 3 Grammar: Phrasal verbs, prepositions
Vocabulary: Key-word transformations, word Vocabulary: Key-word transformations, word
formation, word formation text, English in Use:
English in Use: open cloze texf............................. p. 38 formation, multiple choice cloze
14 Grammar: text, multiple choice sentences
(vocabulary)..................................
Adjectives/Adverbs/ Vocabulary:
Comparisons .. .p. 40 English in Use:
Houses & homes . 48
Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Clauses/Linking words
Clothes & fashion .... p. 128
words often confused (like, as) Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often
Koy-word transformations, word
fo.mation, open cloze, multiple confused (/ose/miss, wear/put, try/take/
put/do/dress)
chuÏce texf......................ii.. . p. 50 Key-word transformations, word

The passive . formation, multiple choice sentences
Health (vocabulary), word formation text p. 130
Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often
confused (feel, have, cut, break, hit, twist) Emphatic structures/Inversion ... p. 132

Key-word transformations, word Work p. 136
formation, multiple choice cloze Phrasal verbs, prepositions,
text, Open cloze text................... p. 60 words often confused (get, pay)
Key-word transformations,
Thi 11000 0011001)050100100271000101001010 07 p. 62 word formation, multiple choice

The causative . .p. 64 sentences (vocabulary), multiple
choice cloze text......................... p. 138
The arts . 68
Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Determiners/Pronouns
words often confused (ways to see) Shops & services
Key-word transformations, word Phrasal verbs, prepositions,
formation, multiple choice cloze words often confused (match, suit, fit)
text, multiple choice sentences Key-word transformations,
(word formation) ......................... p. 70 word formation, open cloze text,
multiple choice sentences
Conditionals................................. p. 72 (grammar & vocabulary) ............. p. 154
Geographical features, weather, . 76
animals often Questions/Answers . g p. 162
Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words
confused (related to weather) p. 78 Technology
Key-word transformations, word Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often
formation, multiple choice cloze confused (words related to technology)
text, multiple choice sentences Key-word transformations, word
(Word formation)......................... formation, multiple choice cloze text,
multiple choice sentences (grammar
& vocabulary) ....

REVIEW C

Appendices
Answer Section

Grammar

Present simple Present perfect

e permanent situations or states action that started in the past and continues to the
She works ina bank.
present
© repeated/habitual actions (especially with frequency He has been here since May.
adverbs: often, usually, always, etc)
He always goes to bed at 11 o¢lock. (Here “always” recently completed actions |
means every day.) She has dyed her hair black. (The action is complete —
her hair is now dyed black — evidence in the present)
s general truths or laws of nature
The sun rises in the east. complete past actions connected to the present with
stated or unstated time reference
© reviews/sports commentaries/dramatic narrative He has bought a house. (Now he owns a house.)
He has just returned from Paris. (stated time reference)
Smythe serves the ball and Lanyon misses it...
e timetables/programmes (future reference) personal experiences/changes which have
happened
The train leaves at 8.00. | have lost weight recently.
© in exclamatory sentences
emphasis on number
There goes the bus! He has seen three films this week.
r She has had four cups of coffee since she woke up.

Time expressions Present perfect continuous

every day/week/month/vear, usually, sometimes,
always, rarely, never, often, in the morning/ actions that started in the past and continue to the
evening/afternoon, at night, on Mondays, etc present
She has been doing her homework for an hour. (She
Present continuous started an hour ago and she’s still doing it.)
actions that have just finished with visible results or
© actions happening at or around the moment of effects in the present
speaking He has been running. That's why he’s out of breath.
The sun is shining now. to express anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or
He is studying for the exams. criticism
She has been using my laptop! (annoyance)
e temporary situations to put emphasis on duration, usually with for, since or
He is spending the week with his mother. how long
He has been feeling unwell for days.
e changing or developing situations 7
She is getting better and better at playing the piano.
Time expressions
e frequently repeated actions with always, constantly, just, ever, never, already, yet (negations &
continually, expressing annoyance or criticism questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since
He's always getting into trouble. (Here “always” means (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over
constantly.) a period of time), today, this week/month, etc
For and since are usually used with Present
e fixed arrangements in the near future perfect continuous to emphasise the duration
I'm going to the theatre this evening. of an action.

_- “Time expressions.

now, at the moment, at present, nowadays,
today, tonight, always, still, etc

Adverbs of frequency (always, sometimes, usually,
often, etc) go before the main verb, but after the verb
to be.
have been to: have gone somewhere and come back „4
! have gone to/been in: have gone somewhere, ⁄⁄
but not back yet

Grammar

ị Stative verbs

_ Stative verbs express a permanent state rather than an action and are not used in the feel and hurt can be used in
continuous forms. These are: verbs of the senses used to express involuntary actions either continuous or simple
(feel, hear, see, smell, taste, etc), verbs of feelings and emotions (adore, detest, dislike, forms.
enjoy, forgive, hate, like, etc), verbs of opinion (agree, believe, suppose, understand, etc) and ị She feels/is feeling better.
! Look, watch and liste n
_ other verbs (belong, concern, depend, know, mean, own, possess, need, prefer, want, etc). : express deliberate actions
I see someone coming. She hates pop music. | don’t agree with you. He knows a lot about
: and can be used in
| computers.
: continuous forms.
| Some stative verbs (be, love, see, smell, taste, think, etc) have continuous forms, but ! He is listening to some records.

| there is a difference in meaning.

State Action
| see them coming towards us. (=| have the ability) She’s seeing her doctor today. (= she’s visiting)

These flowers smell nice. (= they have a nice Why are you smelling the food? Has it gone off?
smell) (= why are you checking the smell of)

This soup tastes delicious. (= its flavour is good) She’s tasting the soup. (= she's testing the flavour)

It feels like velvet. (= it has the texture of) He’s feeling the cloth. (= he’s touching the cloth)

He has a house. (= he possesses) We're having a nice time. (= we're enjoying ourselves)

Do you like his new car? (= Is it nice?) ° How are they liking the party? (= are they enjoying)
| think he has left. (= | suppose, | believe) ° 'm thinking about his suggestion. (= I'm considering) |

Ann is polite. (= her character is) ° Tom is being very impolite. (= he is behaving impolitely) „ ⁄

It looks as if it’s going to snow. (= it appears) ° They are looking at the statue. (= they're viewing it)”

† Put the verbs in brackets into the Present simple or Choose the correct option.
the Present continuous. We have been walking/have walked
since 3:00.
TAs | see (see) there's a great film on at the cinema How long has she spoken/has she
tonight. Would you like to go? been speaking to that customer?
B: No,|___am seeing _ (see) the dentist about my toothache. Paul has bought/has been buying
2A Are you thinking (you/think) about going on a picnic this three shirts.
afternoon? They haven't explored/haven't been
Not really. | think (think) | need to study. exploring the market all day.
Is John OK? He looks (look) very red in the face. Have you been knowing/Have you
Yes, | know.!___am looking _ (look) for the doctor's telephone known Alex since you started school?
number now.
How _afe you liking _ (you/like) your stay in Budapest?
| am really_ enjoying (enjoy) myself | Fill in has/have been to/in, has/have
particularly like (like) the Hungarian food.
Why _are you tasting (you/taste) the stew? gone to.

| think you need (need) to add some spices; Bertha’s not here. She _has gone to
the library.
it tastes (taste) a bit bland. to__ Madrid, but | only
Why _are you feeling _ (you/feel) the radiator, Dad? |_‘ve been
a => œ>œ> => spent a few days there.
“How long _have_ you
¡__ dontthink _ (not/think) it’s working; it feels ___been in

(feel) very cold in here. Birmingham?”"For nearly two years."
Tom is (be) usuala lveyry quiet boy. Tom is alone because his parents
Yes, but he is being (be) very noisy today.
have gone to_ the seaside.
Do you have (you/have) a car? Julia has gone to_ the supermarket -
Yes,butl__ am having___ (have) some problems with it, so it’s at
the garage. she'll be back in about an hour.

No} Why _are you smelling (you/smell) the roses?

They always ___smell__ (smell) so wonderful at this time of year.

Grammar

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present 6 Choose the correct option.
tenses.
1 James ___ to my email yet. Maybe he's on holiday.
A doesn't reply B_ isn't replying
New message. CTY ONS

Hi John, © hasn't replied

First of all, sorry | 1) _ haven written _ (notwrite) for so 2 Mike always up early on weekdays.
long, but | was on holiday. 2)__ Have you got_ (you/get) @ gets
your exam results yet? I'm sure you 3)__have passed B_ is getting Chas got

(pass) them all since you always 4) study 3 Your Fre ___n allcthehtime, Sally.

(study) so hard. 15)__am_waiting__ (wait) for mine at A_ improves is improving

the moment, and | 6) am trying (try) not to C_ has improved

worry! Well, | 7) am writing (write) from my new 4 |___acake; that’s why the kitchen is such a mess.
A make B_ making
flat. Yes, 18) have moved _ (move) house! Now, we © have been making
9) __arepainting _ (paint) and 10) _ (are) cleaning

(clean) the place to make it look nice. When it's finished, | 5 The plane ___ at 9:30 tomorrow morning.
want to have aparty and, because! 11)__haven't seen
(not/see) you for weeks, | 12) want (want) @® arrives Bis arriving Chas arrived

you to come. Write soon and let me know if I'll see you 6 Alicefo_r_a_job at the moment.
A_ looks is looking C_ has looked
there.
Talk soon, 7 This soup ___ delicious. What did you put in it?
@ smells B_ is smelling Chas smelt
Mary

Atos save Canee 8 Their baby to walk.
A just starts has just started
C_ has just been starting

5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present 9 We ___ a party next Saturday. Would you like to
tenses. come?
A have are having C_ have had
1 Alan is flying (fly) to Barcelona tonight. He
has already packed_ (already/pack) his suitcase, 10 |___ for an hour and the bus still hasn't come.
A am waiting B_ have waited
but he hasn't called (not/call) a taxi yet. His
plane leaves (leave) at 8 pm. © have been waiting
2 Annand Sally are (be) flatmates.
11 |___ this film three times already.
They sometimes argue (argue) A see B amseeing have seen
because Sally _is always making _ (always/make) a
mess in the kitchen. 12 Melanie ___ at her father’s shop every day this week.
A works is working Chas worked
3 “Look over there! It’s John Cooper.”
“Oh yes! But he looks (look) so
different! He has put on (put on) at least 13 I can't get in the house.|__ my keys.
A lose B am losing © have lost
15 kilos, and | think (think) he
is wearing (wear) a police uniform. 14 There_ Luke on his new bicyclel
@) goes B_ is going C has gone
4 Ever since the accident, Susan has been
(be) afraid to drive. Next week, she 15 |___ the book you lent me. I'm really enjoying it.
A_ read B_ have read
is seeing (see) a psychologist who © have been reading
specialises (specialise) in that sort of

problem. 16 ___ you ever been to Lyon?
5 “What a great match! Johnson passes

(pass) the ball to Green, who shoots A Do B Are © Have

(shoot) and scores (score)!”

6 “What on earth have you been doing/have you done

(you/do)? Your clothes are all dirty!” “Well, |
__‘ve been working _ (work) in the garden all day.
Look! | __‘ve already planted_ (already/plant) a lot of

flowers.|___ am planning __ (plan) to cut the grass

now.’

Grammar

Past simple e action in progress at a stated past time
This time last week | was travelling across Africa.
| © complete action or event which happened at a
stated past time e past action in progress interrupted by another past
She sold her car last week. ("When?”'Last week.’ — action. The longer action is in the Past continuous,
stated past time) the shorter action is in the Past simple.
was taking a shower when | heard the telephone ring.
@ past actions which happened one immediately after
the other © two or more simultaneous past actions in progress
She woke up, got out of bed and made a cup of tea. | was washing up while he was drying the dishes.

_ © past habit or state © background description to events in a story/narration —
He rode his bike to school every day as a child. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. |

© complete past actions not connected to the present r |
with a stated or implied time reference
Shakespeare wrote at least 36 plays. (Shakespeare is c Time expressions
dead — he won't write any more.) while, as, the moment that, etc
Z
Time expressions Past perfect continuous
yesterday, last week, etc, (how long) ago, then, just
now, when, in 2021, etc ® action continuing over a period up to a specific time
in the past
® past action which happened before another action She had been saving fora whole year before she
or before a stated past time bought her ticket to Australia.
By his second day at camp he had made several friends.
® past action of certain duration which had visible
© complete past action which had visible results in the results in the past
past He had been shouting so loudly that he had a sore
She felt much safer after she had locked all the doors. throat.

Z Time expressions
for, since, before, etc
Time expressions
for, since, already, after, just, never, yet, before, by,
by the time, etc

7 Choose the correct option. 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past
Last year, Tom and Fiona 1) decided/were deciding to forms.
buy a house. They 2) had saved up/had been saving up
for ages, and by the end of May, they 3) put by/had put Last summer,we 1) _afranged_ (arrange) to go camping.
by enough for the deposit on a house. They 4) lived/were We 2) _ had been looking _ (look) forward to it for weeks
living in a tiny flat at the time. They 5) had searched/ when finally the date of departure 3) __artived _ (arrive).
had been searching for only a few days when they We 4) loaded (load) the car with our luggage

found exactly what they 6) were looking/had looked for
— a two-bedroomed house with nearly an acre of garden. and 5) set off (set off) early in the morning.
Unfortunately, the owner 7) was asking/had been The sun 6) __Wwas shining (shine) brightly. There
asking much more than they could afford, and when they 7) __wasn't __ (not/be) a cloud in the sky! While we
8) looked/had looked more closely at the interior, they 8) __were travelling (travel) along the motorway, we
9) saw/had seen that whoever 10) was living/had been 9) __noticed (notice) that the car 10) _m_ waasking_
living there before 11) made/had made an absolute (make) a strange noise. Pete 11) __ Stopped (stop)
mess of the walls and floors. Still, Fiona 12) liked/was thecor,12)_ goloul (getouf)and13) weniÐ
liking the location of the house and convinced Tom that, (go) round to the back ofit. To his surprise, the boot was
despite the price, it was the perfect house for them. wide open - whoever 14) __hadloaded (logd) the
luggage 15) __hadn't closed _ (not/close) it properly, and
everything 16) __had fallen out __ (fall out)!

/

Grammar

[ Past simple

| Present perfect He left a minute ago. (stated time - When? A minute
ago.)
He has left. (unstated time; we don’t know when he She was in Rome for two months. (she isn’t in Rome
left) any more — action not connected to the present)
She has been in Rome for two months. (she's still in He went to the cinema five times last month. (action
Rome — action connected to the present) not connected to the present — it’s the following
He's been to the cinema five times this month. month now)
(it’s still the same month — action connected to the | saw Sir Lawrence Olivier. (action not connected to
present) the present — he’s dead)
I've seen Matt Dillon. (action connected to the She announced her decision this morning. (giving,
present — he’s still alive) details of the news — stated time in the past) ⁄⁄<

The King has decided to give up the throne.
(announcing news)

Put the verbs in brackets into the Present perfect or the Past simple.

A: |s Paul there, please? 6 A: 1)_Have you ever tasted _(you/ever/taste) sushi?
B: Sorry, he 1) left (leave) about B: Yes|,2) have eaten (eat) sushiat least
10 minutes ago. | think he five times. | 3) tried (try) it for
2) has gone (go) to the library. the first time on my dad's 50th birthday. He
A: 11) have lived (live) in Lisbon 4) invited (invite) the whole family
to a Japanese restaurant.
for two years now. lived A: Hi, Carol! How are you?
B: Really? What a coincidence! | 2)
(live) there for a year before moving to America. B: Great, thanks.We1)___ have justcome _(just/
A: 11) bumped (bump) into Peter at the come) back from Spain. We 2) stayed
(stay) in Barcelona for two weeks,
supermarket last week. A: Oh,13)__have never been (never/be) to Spain,

B: Oh, really! | 2) haven't seen (not/see) but I'd love to go.4)__Did you have (you/
him since last summer. How is he?
A; 1) Have you written (you/write) to Becky? have) a good time?
B: Ye| hsave,. | 2) wrote (writa elo)ng was
letter yesterday, but | 3) ___ haven't posted B: Yes, we did. The weather 5) spent
(be) fantastic and we 6)
(spend) every day on the beach.
(not/post) it yet. ___hasdecided___ (decide) to A: Lucky you!

A: The chairman 1)

retire.

B: Yes, actually he 2) informed (inform)
the managing director of his decision this morning.

used OM LIT MIL Ren TM RL TEC would expresses past repeated actions and |
routines — not states.
used to expresses past habits and permanent states. When I was a child, | would go to the cinema every
(Note that stative verbs are not used with “would’) Sunday, (als| uose:d to go .../1 went...)
When I was young, | used to go climbing once a month. was going to expresses actions one intended to do, f j
(also: would go) He used to live in Paris. (NOT: would — but didn't do. ⁄
state) He was going to buya house in New York, ⁄
be/get used to (+ -ing form/noun/pronoun) means but then he decided to move to Los Angeles. ⁄⁄
"be/get accustomed to’, “be/get in the habit of”
She got used to living in London.

Grammar

10 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. 11 Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate

Use two to five words. past tenses.

1 Sally went to ballet classes three times a week. Last Friday, | was walking (walk) to work
GO Sally used to go to
when | saw (see) an old friend
ballet classes three times a week. | hadn't seen (not/see) for a long time.
| threw (throw) my arms around him.
2 It was my intention to phone you last night, but | He stared (stare) at me with an open
forgot.
GOING | was going to phone mouth. To my horror,|___fealised__ (realise) |
had mistaken __ (mistake) a stranger for my friend!
you last night, but | forgot. By the time Paul and Thomas got back to their car, it

3. Lying on the beach all day is an unusual experience had got (get) dark and a cold wind
for me.
USED | am not used to lying was blowing (blow) in their faces. They
had been walking (walk) for more than three hours
on the beach all day. and they felt exhausted. It had all begun when they

4 When | was young, | used to visit my grandmother went (go) hiking in the forest.
every day after school.
WOULD When|was young, ___! would visit - Everything was going (go) well until it
started (start) to rain heavily.
my grandmother every day Unfortunately, they had lost their map as they

after school. were crossing _ (cross) a river, but after a couple

5 Tom didn't like the idea of living in a village, but soon of hours they finally found (find) their
he changed his mind.
GOT Tom got used to living way back. They were (be) glad to get
in the car and drive home.
ina village.

i HÀ. yet is used with perfect tenses in negative sentences
after a contracted auxiliary verb or at the end of the
-.®_ go: backin time from now (used with Past simple) sentence.
Ann left an hour ago. He hasn't yet called. He hasn't called yet.
It can also be used at the end of questions.
| © before: back in time from then Have they arrived yet?

| Tony told me that Ann had left an hour before. already is used with perfect tenses in mid or end
position in statements or questions.

before is also used with present or past forms to He had already fixed the tap when the plumber arrived.
show that an action preceded another. Have you got dressed already?
He'll arrive before you leave. He had cooked dinner just + present/past perfect
before she came home. She has just finished studying.
° stillis used in statements and questions after the just now + past simple
auxiliary verb or before the main verb. She finished studying just now.
She can still dance well.
still comes before the auxiliary verb in negations.
She still hasn't replied to my letter.

{2 Choose the correct option...... na | can't believe I've been here nearly a year yet/already.
| haven't finished the washing-up already/yet. I'm afraid the plumber hasn't arrived still/yet.
| don't think I've ever met her yet/before. 10 He can still/already speak and he's only one year old.
He's still/yet got a good memory despite his age.
| used to live here six years before/ago. 11 He has just/still left the house.
He's lived in Rome all his life and he yet/still lives there.
I've before/already read this book. It’s really good. 12 Clean up that mess already/before your father sees it.
The last time | fed the goldfish was two days before/ 13 We still/yet haven't called Jasmine to see how she is.
14 He came in already/just now.
ago.

Grammar

|| e@ decisions taken at the moment of speaking Note: by or not... until/till are used with the Future
(on-the-spot decisions) perfect. Until/till are normally used with the Future
Im hungry. I'll cook something to eat. perfect only in negative sentences.
hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, He will have completed his studies by the end of the
predictions, requests, comments, etc with: expect, year. (NOT: Asati) He won't have arrived until tonight.
hope, believe, Im sure, I'm afraid, probably.
| promise I'll be on time. ie .Time expressions |

predictions based on what we think
He'll probably pass his driving test. = before, by, by then, by the time, until/till
actions which will inevitably happen
Summer will be here soon. Future perfect continuous

planned actions or intentions duration of an action that started in the past and will
Now that she’s passed her exams, she’s going to train continue up to a certain time in the future
to bea solicitor. By May, he will have been teaching for 35 years.
evidence that something will definitely happen in cr
the near future
Those dark clouds mean it’s going to rain soon. Time expressions
by... for

“a .Time expressions. Present simple (future meaning)
timetables/programmes
The play begins at 7 œclock this evening.

tomorrow, tonight, next week/month, in two/three, Present continuous (future meaning)
etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week/ fixed arrangement in the near future
month, etc She’s meeting her aunt this weekend.

actions in progress at a stated future time We can also use these expressions to refer to the
This time next year, she'll be running her own business. future: be on the verge of ..., be about to ..., be on the
actions which are the result of a routine (instead of point of..., be due to.....
the Present continuous)
‘ll be playing tennis on Sunday. (| play tennis every We never use future forms after: as long as, as soon
Sunday - it’s part of my routine.) as, after, before, by the time, if (conditional), unless, in
when we ask politely about people's arrangements case, until/till, when (time conjunction), whenever, Ỉ
to see if they can do sth for us or because we want to
offer to do sth for them while, once, suppose/supposing, on condition that, etc.

Will you be going shopping at the supermarket today? Let’s buy some extra food in case they call round.
Can you buy me some milk? (NOT: +casethey+ilLcalrodnd)

IẾ tuuuie perfect when used as a question word and if meaning
actions that will be finished before a stated future “whether” (especially after / don't know, | doubt, |
time wonder, etc) can be used with future forms.
They will have emigrated to Canada by Christmas. When will he bring the books back? We don't know if
actions which will have lasted up to a point in the he will be appointed to the post or not. (= whether)
future
He will have worked for us for two years next May.

10

Grammar

13 Choose the correct option. ‘14. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future continuous,
Future perfect or the Future perfect continuous.
1. This time next week, we to New York.
1 The gueasre tcomsing at 8 pm.| will have
A will fly will be flying finished (finish) cooking by then.

C_ will have been flying 2 Don't call after 11 o'clock because she

2 By the time we get there, the shop 4 will be sleeping (sleep) then.
A will close B_ is closing
© will have closed 3 By Christmas, | will have been living

3 There's someone at the door. | see who itis. (live) in London for three years.
C_ will be going 4 He_ wonthavepainted ___(not/paint)
@ will go B going all the doors till Tuesday.

4 | douibf Ptaul by midnight. 5 | will be playing (play) basketball

A returns @) will return C_ is returning with my friends on Sunday, as usual.
6 By five oclock, they will have been lying
5 The train at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon. (lie) on the beach for four hours.
@ leaves B_ will leave C_ will have left
7 Will you be using (you/use) the car
6 We a film later — want to join us? tonight?”"No, you can take it”
A_ will watch B_ will have watched 8 Doyouthinkshe will have seen
© are going to watch
(see) the doctor by four o'clock?
9 Bynext April, he will have been teaching
7 Take an umbrella with you in case it .
@ rains B will rain (teach) for twelve years.
10 Will you be waiting (you/wait) for her
C_ will be raining when her plane arrives?

8 Ask Helen if you can use her laptop. I'm sure she .
(A) won't mind B doesn't mind
C won't have minded 15 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future

tense.

9 By September, | English for five years. @ all 6:30 AM 100% =
A_ will be studying B_ will have studied
will have been studying
Hi, Bill. It's 6 am and I've just got to the office. |
10 “Will you to the concert tonight?” 1)__am calling _ (call) our partner in Hong Kong at
“Yes — do you want a lift?” 7 am. Then | 2) _am meeting (meet) three new

@ be going B gone
C_ have been going clients. Today | 3) finish (finish) work at 3
and after that | 4) _will be playing (play) golf with
the boss, as usual on a Wednesday afternoon. But
11 We've just bought Emily this watch. Do you think she first, I'm about to have a video conference with our
it?
@ will wear B_ is wearing Dubai office. | doubt if | 5) __willhave _ (have)
time to send you those files you need today.
C_ will have worn

12 He's playing really badly. There's no way this `
match,
A_ he's winning B_ he'll be winning @< () Amy

he's going to win Hi Amy. | still can’t believe it! This time tomorrow,
11) will be shopping (shop) in Vienna!
13 Wendy and | _____ married in the summer. We've |2) am going to stay/am staying/will be staying
already agreed on the date.
are getting B_ will be getting (stay) with Hilda and her family for three days, and by
C_ will have been getting Tuesday 13) __will have visited __ (visit) every museum

14 Thecompanyis____ closing down. in the city. Then we 4) __will probably spend _ (probably/

A due to B about to spend) a week skiing in Innsbruck, and if we have tine, we
© on the verge of 5) __will go __ (go) to Salzburg as well. I’m sure we
6) __ will have __ (have) a wonderful time. By the end of my

trip, 17) ___ will have been travelling (travel) around

Austria for nine days. Well, | must go now. My plane

8) _ leaves _ (leave) in a few hours. | 9) will call

(call) you as soon as110)___get__ (get) back. Bye!

11

Grammar

16 Choose the correct option. 17 Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate
future tense.
1 This time next week, we ___ in Italy. MSILLILAAAAIALDAS D SSDS
A_ are skiing C_ will have skied
B_ will have been skiing ©) will be skiing
Kenwhite’s one-day sale 1) starts (start) this
2 Robert ____ to Manchester next month. Monday. The store 2)__will open _ (open) at 8 am and
A_ will have been moving C moves early morning shoppers 3) _ will be able to _ (be able
is moving D will have moved to) enjoy shopping in peace and quiet before the crowds
4) _arrive (arrive). We 5) _ Will be offering (offer)
3 Sandra fears she ___ everything by the time her
substantial discounts on ladieswear and you
guests arrive. C won't prepare
D isn’t preparing 6) _will come across_ (come across) some real bargains
@® won't have prepared
B won't be preparing in our menswear range. By the end of the day, we are
sure that all of our customers 7) will have found
4 Peter___ football practice on Mondays at 7 pm. (find) what they are looking for.
A ishaving Cc willhave
B will be having ©) has

5_Mylittle brother_ six next month. Anne Mayton's latest book The S-Plan

A is being © will be
B is D_ will have been Diet 1) willbe (be) available in

6 It’shotin here.|___ the window. bookshops soon. The new S-plan diet
A open C. ‘Ibe opening
‘llopen D ‘ll have opened 2)_ wilhelp (help) you lose
weight safely and quiokly. You
7 ___ this book by the end of the week?
A Are you going to read 3) _won't need_(not/need) to miss
B_ Will you have been reading
meals and you 4) won't have to (not/
© Will you have read
have to) spend hours measuring out
D Are you reading portions of food. By the end of the diet,

the author guarantees you
5) _will have lost. (lose) at least 7 kilos.

8 We___ata French restaurant tonight. We've already
booked the table.
A_ will have eaten © are eating 18 Complete the second sentence so that it means
B_ willhave been eating D eat the same as the first. Use two to five words,
including the word in bold.
9 By April, Mr Johnson ____ in this company for twenty
years. 1 Jenny has arranged to meet Mark in front of the
cinema.
A_ is working C_ will be working GOING Jenny and Mark are going to meet
B_ works ©) will have been working
in front of the cinema.
10 The band___at the same time next Saturday.

will be performing 2 The teacher will not tolerate any disobedience in class.
PUT The teacher ___willnotpwuitthup_
B_ will have been performing any disobedience in class.
C_ will have performed
D_ performs 3. The play starts at 7:00, but we won't get to the theatre
before 7:15.
HAVE The play will have started
11. I'mnot sure if the festival___ ahead as it might rain. by the time we get to the theatre.
A goes C_ will have been going
will go D_ will have gone 4 Next month, Chris will be celebrating ten years in the
field of psychology.
12 ___ your cou this s wi eekn end?
A_ Don't you visit © Aren't you visiting WORKING Next month, Chris ___will have been
B_ Won't you be visiting D Won't you have visited
working as a psychologist for ten years.

5 Sarah turned down Alex and Jessica's invitation to
their wedding.

NOT Sarah___ismotgoingto
Alex and Jessica's wedding.

12

19 Choose the correct option.

1 I can't see you tonight because | always ___ to the 12 | promise I'll pay you back as soon as |____ paid.
gym on Mondays.
A amgoing C went A will have got C will get
B_ has got © get

B_ have gone © go
13 | wish they’d be quiet - they ___ for hours.
2 Simon looks happy — he ___ his maths test. @) have been talking C were talking
A_ will pass C_ was passing B_ have talked D_ had talked
has passed D_ had passed
14 By this time next week, we ___ in Lisbon.
3. I'm sorry, Mum can’t come to the phone because she A will arrive C_ arearriving
will have arrived D_ will be arriving
___at the moment.

A cooks C_ will be cooking 15. Hehasn't finished the work ____, but he will have
is cooking D_ has cooked finished by this evening.

4 | wonder where Jim is; | haven't seen him ___ this @) yet C before
morning.
A already C_ for B stil D just

since D just 16 Before you___ answering the questions, make sure
you read the passage carefully.
A will start Care starting
5 By the time we arrived at the restaurant, they ___ start D_ have started
eating.
A_ had been starting C_ will be starting
B_ have started ©) had started 17 The president ____ Ohio in a week’s time.
A_ has visited is visiting
6 You_ onweight every day - you really should go B_ visits D would visit
on a diet.
A_ will be putting C_ had been putting 18 She___ onthe project for two days before she
finished it.
B_ were putting © are putting A_ was working C used to work

7 Tim ___ while Pam was watching TV. had been working D worked
A_ is sleeping © was sleeping
B_ has slept D_ has been sleeping 19 He___ out with Sam when they were at university.
A goes C was going
8 By the end of next year, he ___ in Madrid for three B_ had been going used to go
years.
A willbe © will have been 20 He hasn't driven acar since he ___ that accident.
@) had C_ was having
B_ is going to be D_ had been B_ has had D_ had had

9 She___ in Liverpool for ten years before she came to 21 Make sure you arrive on time tomorrow because the
London.
A_ was living © had been living bus_— for you.
B_ has been living D_ will be living A_ isn't waiting C didn’t wait
B_ hasn't waited ©) won't wait

10 Ann locked up the house,_ in her car and drove 22 Now that I've finished everything | had to do,|__a
away.
A get C_ was getting little rest.
A_ was taking C_ wibeltalking
got D_ had got B_ have taken am going to take

11 She's angry with her son because he ____ to her.
A used to lie C was lying
has lied D hadlied

13

Vocabulary

FAMILY 3 Find the odd word out.
‘| Look at the pictures and complete the text with 1 narrow — pretty — small -@nergetidnose
2. thin - full -Gerious)— gorgeous lips
the words in the list. 3 bushy —(tall)— thin — thick eyebrows
 grandfather â brother  cousins đ straight 4 large - thin - small —(riendly mouth
ecurly uncle ® beard ¢ sister ¢ aunt * serious 5 clear —Gtraight)— pale - tanned complexion
e thin ¢ grandmother ¢ easy-going 6 curly -(plump)- fair - wavy hair

PERSONALITY

4 Choose words from the list to fill in the gaps.

¢ impatient © optimistic ¢ dishonest © modest
® talkative ¢ hard-working ¢ disorganised
¢ gentle * rude * mean ¢ organised ¢ patient
® quiet © arrogant © pessimistic * generous
* polite * honest â aggressive  lazy

1 Optimistic people always see the bright side
of things.
2 Arrogant people think they are more
My dad, Mike, is tall and well-built and he’s got thick, important or more talented than others.
wavy hair. He’s cheerful and 1) _€asy-going_. Paula is 3 Honest people always tell the truth.
of medium height and she’s got 2) __straight hair.
She’s quiet and 3) serious . I've got a half- 4 Talkative people like to chat alot.
5 Mean people don't like sharing money
4) sister___, too. Her name is Abby and she’s 23 with others.
years old. She’s 5) thin with blue eyes, red
hair and freckles. She’s shy and introverted. 6 Polite people have very good manners.

7 Patient people don't mind waiting for
My mum, Paula, has got a 6) _ brother _. His name things.
is Tom and he’s my 7) uncle. He’s in his thirties
and he’s got a shaved head. He's polite and very kind. 8 Disorganised people can't keep things in order.
9 Lazy people dontlike to woIk.
His wife is Marie and she’s my 8) aunt___. She's 10 Modest people don't like talking about
slim with long hair. She's friendly and extroverted. Tom
and Marie have got two children. They are my their achievements.

9) _ cousins _, Bella is five years old and Joe is a 5 Put the adjectives in the right column.
baby. He’s very cute! Our grandparents are Laura and © easy-going * bad-tempered ¢ enthusiastic
Dennis. Laura is our 10) grandmother and Dennis is e caring đ spoilt  friendly  loving * energetic
our 11) _grandfather_. Laura has got 12) curly © popular ¢ selfish * helpful ¢ calm ¢ indifferent
hair and Dennis has got a 13) beard _, * creative © outgoing © ambitious ¢ responsible
¢ cheerful © chatty * immature ¢ reserved
APPEARANCE ® bossy
2. Write the words under the correct headings in
Positive Negative
your notebook. Use them to describe yourself
and your classmates. easy-going, enthusiastic, | bad-tempered, spoilt,
đ short  glasses  fair  mid-thirties â well-built caring, friendly, loving, | selfish, indifferent, chatty,
đugly  green  dark â expressive @ plump ¢ slim energetic, popular, immature, reserved,
 late/early teens  freckles  curly đ tall © bald helpful, calm, creative, bossy
â of medium height â blue  wrinkles outgoing, ambitious,
© good-looking * middle-aged ¢ teenager responsible, cheerful
đ shoulder-length * handsome  elegant ¢ skinny
đ beard  straight * moustache â of medium build Use the adjectives to describe your friends’
personalities.
Age [Height |Build|Hair|Eyes| Special features General

14 See Answer Section

Vocabulary

UBWN = ® be about to; be on the point of Expressions with “Do”
be after: go after; chase one's best/worst, business with sb, a crossword,
a o be against: be opposed to damage to, one’s duty, an exercise, an experiment,
be away: be absent sb a favour, good, one’s hair, harm, homework,
be back: return; come back housework, a job, lessons, sth for a living, miraclesœ
be in: be at home/in one's office, etc (for), research, right/wrong, a service, the shopping,
© te Œœ >! © na > C2 B2 — >^be in for: be about to experience (usually sth bad) a good turn, a translation, the washing-up, wonders,
be on: be shown in cinemas, theatres, etc work, etc
be over: be finished Expressions with “Make”
be up to: 1) be equal to, 2) depend on allowances for, an appointment, an acquaintance,
break down: 1) (of machinery) stop working, amends for, an arrangement, a bargain, the beds, the
best of, a cake, certain, changes, coffee, a deal with sb,
2) (ofa person) lose control of feelings a decision, a difference, a discovery, an effort, an
break in: 1) (intr) enter by force, 2) interrupt, enemy of, ends meet, an excuse, friends with, a fuss,
a fortune, haste, fun of, a fool of sb, an agreement,
3) (horses etc) train an impression, improvements, a joke, a mess,
break into: 1) (tr) enter by force, 2) burst into (song, a mistake, money, a note, a nuisance, a noise, an offer,
peace, preparations, a profit, progress, sure,
laughter, etc) a translation, trouble, war, a will, etc
break off: 1) stop temporarily, 2) (tr) end a relationship
break out: 1) begin suddenly (war, disease, fire, etc), Fill in do or make in the correct form.
Have you _done _ the washing-yuept?
2) escape from a place
break up: 1) (intr) separate; split up, 2) stop for Wilyou__ do — meafavour?
She tried to _ make a soufflé, but it was a complete
holidays (schools etc)

failure.
Fill in the correct particle(s). Don’t__Make _ sucha fuss about unimportant things.
It's_up to. you to decide what to do. She _made _ a very good impression at the interview
| thought the match would be _over_ by now. yesterday.
They've already _Made _ all the preparations for the
I'm afraid we're _in for_ a bumpy flight. party.
| promise I'll__do__ my best to make it work.
Your work isn’t _up to. your normal standard.
She broke _ off their engagement because she | don't think this makes any sense.
realised she didn’t love him. Don't take so many pills. They wont__ do you
School breaks _ up _ for the holidays on 23rd
December. any good.
7 He broke down when he heard the sad news. 10 I'm not feeling well. ld better_ make_ an
8 Someone broke _into_ our house yesterday.
9 Their marriage broke Up _ after five years. appointment with the doctor.
0 Sam broke _ Off the interview to answer the phone. 11 My aunt _Made _ a fortune selling cosmetics.
12 After eight years of war, both countries agreed to
105i
make _ peace.
Fill in the correct preposition. Check in Appendix 1. 13 My cousin__did__a very good job of mending my
Catherine was absent _from_ school yesterday.
He is very attached _ to _ his parents. roof.
She isn't accustomed __to__ working late.
Doctors don't approve _of _ smoking. 14 | can't believe this is my old house. You have done
He argues _with_his brother about everything.
He was angry with Ann _ for being late. wonders with it!
We were very anxious _ for _ him to arrive safely. 15 The oil-producing companies _™Made _ an agreement
The film is based _ on _ the life of Kobe Bryant.
| can see no basis _ for _ changing our plans now. to keep the prices low this year.
You shouldn't bet __on__ the horses.

15

English in Use

e [ve never met such a charming girl. CN
She's the most charming girl I've ever met. FORMING ADJECTIVES FROM NOUNS
It’s been a long time since she wrote to me.
She hasn't written to me for a long time. We use these endings to form adjectives from nouns.
-ous danger — dangerous
e She started learning French two years ago. -al critic — critical
She's been learning French for two years. -ic enthusiast — enthusiastic
-ical_ autobiography — autobiographical
e When did he buy the flat? -ish child — childish
How long ago did he buy the flat? -ive effect — effective
How long is it since he bought the flat?
2 Complete the gaps with the correct words
e |'ve never seen this film before. derived from the words in bold.
It’s the first time I've ever seen this film.

e She came to London a year ago.
She has been in London for a year.

e The last time | went out was a month ago.
| haven't been out for a month.

e He called me as soon as she left.
He didn't call me until she had left.
He called me when she had left.
He waited until she had left before he called me.

Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
Use two to five words.

It's been a week since | last saw him.
SEEN | haven't seen him for a week.
It'san_ expensive _ restaurant, but
When did she move to France? it’s very popular. EXPENSE
SINCE How long is it since she moved Jamie can play any sport because ATHLETE
he’s very __athletic NERVE
to France? Laura was feeling very _nervous _ FOOL
before her driving test. ACCIDENT
He has never met her before. lfeltso__foolish__ wh|ereanlised ALPHABET
EVER It’s the first time _he has evermet__ her. what | had done. MYSTERY
The discovery of a cure for the disease ARTIST
The last time we visited her was a week ago. was quite _accidental_. NATURE
FOR We haven't visited her for a week. He made a list of the students’ names SELF

They started eating as soon as the last guests arrived. in alphabetical order.

HAD They waited until the _ last guests had

arrived before __ they started eating.

They started learning computing two months ago. Liam was being very _mysterious
BEEN They have been learning
computing for two months. about where he was going.
Her teacher thinks that she shows
It’s the fastest car I've ever driven. real___artistic___ talent.
NEVER | have never driven sucha fast car. We only use__natural__ ingredients

The last time | went out was a week ago. in our products.
BEEN | haven't been out for a week.
10 ltwas — selfish ofMelaniteo
How long is it since he broke his leg? leave all the work to you.
BREAK When did he break his leq?

10 It's the first time he’s ever seen a skyscraper.
NEVER He_ hasneersen
a skyscraper before.

16

English in Use

3. Think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each Read the text once to get
space. the gist of it.
Read the text and pay
TEGLA LOROUPE Pesce FOUNDATION attention to the words
before and after each gap.
Tegla Loroupe was born in 1973 in western Kenya. She (0) grew up in an area Identify what part of speech
where many tribes depend on raising cattle 1)__ for aliving. is missing (noun, verb,
preposition, etc.)
At the age of seven, Loroupe started school and had to run 10 kilometres to and Once you have completed
the text, read it again to see
from school every day. It was at school that she became aware 2)__Of __ her if it makes sense.

talent for running and, with the support of her mother, she decided to pursue a

career 3) _— 35 a runner. Initially, the Kenyan athletics federation were not

too impressed with Loroupe, believing her to be too small and thin. This changed

after she won a prestigious cross-country race in 1988. She began to train for

international events and, in 1994, she became the first African woman

4)__in history to win the New York City Marathon. She then went on to win

many major marathons around the world.

After retiring from professional running, Loroupe founded the Tegla Loroupe

Peace Foundation in Nairobi, Kenya, which aims to promote peace through

sport. She wanted to 5) __ ĐUL an end to the conflict between the tribes in

Kenya and across Africa. Her foundation created the Tegla Loroupe Peace Race,

an annual 10-kilometre running event that brings together runners from rival

African tribes. The race encourages them to lay down their weapons and build

stronger relations with 6) __each__ other. Loroupe says that the Peace Race

had a significant impact 7) ___on___ reducing violence in the region within just

a few years. The foundation has also built a school 8)__that/which__ offers

children access to sports in addition to protection and education.

Read the sentences, then the options. Decide if the sentences focus on grammar or lexis. Choose the option
that best completes each gap.

He ___no effort to help us. 6 Martynis quitea____ person.

A. did BỊ Tập © made @ decisive B_ decision C decided

They ___ up after ten years of marriage. 7 How long isit since she ___ to the library?
A made B_ were broke A go went C gone

Ann sere ý ma_k __ e meet, so she searched fora 8 Hecametoourschoola month __.

afer JOD. ago B_ before € stil
A changes ends C wonders @ * to Bill foa wreek. © havent
- - - 9_We_ talked
His shop wastrt makinga__ so he decided to close it. A didn't Be won't
profit B service C_ progress
10 Bobisavery_ — young man.
5 ltwas_ ofhim to behave so rudely. A_ enthusiasm B_ enthusiastically © enthusiastic
A fooling B fool © foolish

17

2 y / Slee

-) INFINITIVE/-/NG FORM — PARTICIPLES

Forms of the infinitive |

Present (to) Active voice Passive voice Active voice Passive voice

play (to) be played playing being played played
Present continuous _ | (to) be playing — - -
(to) have played (to) have been played _| having played having been
Perfect
Perfect continuous | (to) have been playing |- - -

Passive Present continuous and Perfect continuous infinitives are rarely used.

Forms of the infinitive corresponding to verb tenses

Verb tenses Forms of the infinitive
Present simple/Future simple Present
she cleans/she will clean (to) clean
Present continuous
Present continuous/Future continuous (to) be cleaning
she is cleaning/she will be cleaning Perfect
Past simple/Present perfect/Past perfect/Future perfect (to) have cleaned
she cleaned/she has cleaned/she had cleaned/she will have cleaned _| Perfect continuous

Past continuous/Present perfect continuous/Past perfect (to) have been cleaning
continuous/Future perfect continuous
she was cleaning/she has been cleaning/she had been cleaning/
she will have been cleaning

‘| Write the appropriate form of the 2. Choose the correct option.

infinitive. to) have finished 1 I've looked everywhere, but the file appears to have misplaced/
1. she finished to have been misplaced.

ivi to) have been 2 He is not old enough to be allowed/to have allowed to stay out late.

2 hewas driving __{hat ve o bee) n — 3 Since her illness, she seems to be found/to be finding work difficult.
driving 4 David seems to work/to have been working on this project for a
————
3. ithas been taught _(to) have been __ long time.
taught 5 The little dog seems to have lost/to have been lost its master.
4 they had come __ (to) have come 6 | don't think I'll be able to make it tomorrow. I'm supposed to be met/

5 shetries4_ " (_@ty to be meeting Jane for lunch.
TT TT 7 She was only pretending to read/to be read; she was really
6 itisbrought (to) be brought
daydreaming.
7 they are studying _(to) be studying_ 8 Nooneis to be admitted/to be admitting to the concert without a

8 it willbe accepted (to) be accepted_ ticket.

9 it was written (to) have been written 9 The team is said to be won/to have won the match through sheer

10 she has left a luck,
10 | need you to help/to have helped me prepare the food for the party.
(to) have left 11. The accident is believed to have caused/to have been caused by

careless driving.
12 The newspaper received many calls from people claiming to be seen/

to have seen UFOs.
13 He was the first British writer to be awarded/to be awarding the

Nobel Prize for Literature.

14. Aren't you supposed to be looking after/to have looked after your

sister at the moment?

18

Grammar /Á 2

(70-) INFINITIVE/-/NG FORM — PARTICIPLES

TRể f0-infinitiVe after: dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer to express
general preference.
The fo-infinitive is used [like swimming. (in general)
9 †O€XDF€SS DUIPOSe. Note: like + to-infinitive = it's a good idea
[like to help people.
You should take a few days off to recover.
° after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, after: I'm busy, it’s no use, it’s (no) good, it’s (not) worth,
what’ the use of, can’t help, theres no point (in), can’t
hope, plan, promise, refuse, etc). stand, have difficulty (in), in addition to, as well as, have
He agreed to meet us tonight.
° after certain adjectives (happy, glad, sorry, delighted, trouble, have a hard/difficult time.
etc). ThereS no point in arguing.
| was sorry to hear about your accident. after: spend/waste (time, money, etc).
© after ! would like/would love/would prefer to express You waste too much time watching TV.
specific preference. for activities/sports after the verb go.
Id love to visit India. He went swimming.
© after certain nouns. after prepositions.
Its such a pleasure to be with you. He became rich by working hard and without
e after too/enough constructions. borrowing from anyone.
Its too early to leave the party. after: look forward to, be/get used to, be/get
He’ rich enough to afford a Porsche. accustomed to, object to, admit (to), etc.

There’ enough food to go round. lobject to being told what to do with my life.
© with: it + be + adjective (+ of+ noun/pronoun). after: hear, listen, notice, see, watch to express an
It was unkind of her to say that. incomplete action.
© with: so + adjective + as. | saw him throwing rubbish out of the window. (saw
Would you be so kind as to pass the sauce? part of the action. | didn’t wait until he had finished.)
© with only to express an unsatisfactory result. BUT hear, listen, see, watch + infinitive without “to”
He won in the lottery only to lose at the casino. express a complete action.
9 _ after: be + the first/second, etc/next/last/best, etc. | saw him throw all the rubbish out of the window.
She was the first to congratulate him.
© inthe expression: for+ noun/pronoun + to -infinitive. (!saw the whole action.)
For John to lend you his car was very unusual.
° in expressions such as: to tell you the truth, to begin VUTEC)
with, to be honest, etc.
To be honest, | didn’t know how to react. The infinitive without to is used
If two infinitives are joined by “anodr ‘”or’, the “to” of after most modal verbs (can, could, may, etc).
the second infinitive can be omitted. /d prefer to go to He can go if he wants to.
adisco and dance or talk to my friends. after had better/would rather/would sooner.
You'd better go to bed.
The -ing form is used after make/let/see/hear/feel in the active.
© as the subject or object ofa sentence. She made the child eat all his soup.
But in the passive: be made/be heard/be seen +
Smoking is harmful. to-infinitive.
© after certain verbs (admit, anticipate, appreciate, The child was made to eat all his soup.
Note that “let” turns into “was/were allowed to” in the
avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, passive.
escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, go (physical Her parents let her stay out till midnight.
activities), imagine, involve, keep (= continue), She was allowed to stay out till midnight.
mention, mind, miss, object to, postpone, practise, The subject of the infinitive or the -ing form is
prevent, quit, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, omitted when it is the same as the subject of the
save, stand, suggest, tolerate, understand, etc). main verb.

They have postponed moving house till next week.
:_ Iwould like to help with the preparations.
' When itis different, however, it is not omitted.
: | would like her/Mary/my assistant to help
| with the preparations.

19

2 F7 Grmmai

(TO-) INFINITIVE/-/NG FORM — PARTICIPLES

3 Write what each word is followed by: F/. (full 5 Fillin the blanks with the correct form of the

infinitive), 8). (bare infinitive) or -ing form. infinitive or -ing form.

1 refuse + Fl.
2. finish + _-ing form
3 dislike + __-ing form
4 wouldrather + B..
5 would + _B _ Ị.
6 objectto + _-ing form
7 promise + Fl.
8 beknown + Fl.
9 wouldlke + —FL
10 iisnouse + _-ing form
11 admit + __-ing form
12 let + Bl.
13 hear + B.l/-ing form
14 isnogood + _-ing form

15 decide + Fl
16 deny + _-ing form

uy” CHSOSEINECONTERL ApH. No visit to China would be complete without
1 She's too tired concentrating/to concentrate on her 1) going (go) to Beijing, where you can expect
2) to find (find) a fresh, sophisticated, new city
work today. awaiting you. While its sights may not 3) be
2 John’s father let him borrow/to borrow his car for the
(be) as grand or historical as cities such as Shanghai or
weekend. Xi’an, there’s certainly enough 4)__ tokeep__ (keep)
you enchanted during your visit to this rich and
3 Louise is hoping get/to get into university to study cosmopolitan city, whichis said5)__ tohave__ (have)
a shining future as Asia’s major centre of economy and
law. trade.
No one anticipated the pace of change in Beijing
4 Imagine living/to live in a big house like that! 6) to be/to have been_ (be) quite as fast as it has been!
5 You must be/to be hungry after working hard all day. In 1995, Beijing had one skyscraper; now it has hundreds,
in addition to 7) having (have) literally hundreds
6 She'd better have/to have a good excuse for being so of new air-conditioned shopping centres and convenience
late. stores.
As well as 8) drinking _ (drink) in the city’s vibrant
7 Paul spent the whole afternoon to play/playing atmosphere, don’t forget 9) to spend (spend)
some time 10) looking (look) around the
online games. Forbidden City — which everyone can visit these days!
8 It was such a shock hear/to hear from her after all Above all, enjoy your trip! However, letme 11) __give
(give) you a word of warning — it is perhaps best
these years. 12) to avoid (avoid) Beijing altogether during
9 The doctor worked for twelve hours without take/ Chinese New Year, but if you do decide 13) to go
(go) during this time, be prepared 14) to have
takinga break. (have) a hard time 15) getting (get) around in

10 There's no point getting/to get there early as the the crowds. Also, most shops will be closed,
16) making _ (make) shopping difficult.
gates don't open till 10 am.
11 | would love be lying/to be lying on a beach in the

Bahamas right now.
12. I'd rather not go/to go out tonight if you don't mind.
13 You should have seen/to have seen his face when

she told him the news.
14 You need to eat well and exercise regularly staying/to.

stay healthy.

15. Jessica soon got used to get/getting upearly for

work,

20 ae