link it 5 students book workbook

bo od Vocabulary brainpower Reading and grammar

Forward thinKing" + Skills and abilities © Talk about experiences and past events
pp10-19
« Degrees of ability '» Present perfect vs. Simple past (1)

© Viog: Boost your Present perfect vs. Simple past (2)

+ Future forms

* Crimes and criminals * Talk about past events (2)

© Vioa: Criminal minds » Past perfect

‘Exam practice and review A Real English: The justice system

+ Money: nouns * Tag questions
+ Spending
* Money: verbs Co

© Viog: A shopping disaster! * Talk about news and events
« Passive: Present perfect, Present progressive, wl
* Technology: nouns
* Social media Real English: Talking about news and events
* Technology: verbs
© Vicg: Something different! « Uses of thị jng form + infinitive

* Advertising * Talk about imaginary past situations
* Third conditional
© Viog: Commercial break! * wish+ past perfect

Real English: Mixed conditionals

+ Express regrets

* Should have and shouldn't have

(> Jolene cd

* Talk about reported statements
Real English: Reported speech: other changes

* Reported questions and commands

p ng: food * Talk about count and noncount nouns
paring food * Ability and permission
* Permission: ca/ cnould
* Noun collocations

© Viog: A new skill!

Exam p i i "= =-=.` cu

[RTTSYEN...; ‹. From School to Work li Tí UNTIED op w22-¥22

Unit1 TUẾN [HTEHspu2w› HTTEI.uocuv

COMPETENCES Listening and speaking Reading and writing
* Four good reasons to learn a language
Communication * Keeping our languages alive

» Write an article about learning languages
TỐ ‘Asking for repetition Culture focus: nhi)
nhi Strategy: Using 2 dictionary to check new
Strategy: Focus on accuracy © Languages in the U.K.
vocabulary
© Reporting a theft Strategy: Completing fil-in-the-blank
sentences, * A courtroom where the judges are
Strategy: Including details in
‘a description, * Edgar Allan Poe and the birth teenagers

of crime fiction Strategy: Reference and pronauns
Culture focus: Crime fi * Write a crime story

Strategy: Taking notes Strategy: Narrative tenses

Global skills A. * The people in your pocket + Crowdfunding—a way to turn dreams
Culture focus: Money into reality?
OA job interview
Strategy: Interview language Digital citizenship: Design a new Strategy: Reading for detail

O Apologizing banknote: © Write a proposal fora

Strategy: Intonation * Silicon Valley and tech giants crowdfunding campaign
Culture focus: Technology + FOMO—and how to beat it!
about |
© Humans and computers Culture focus: Online abbreviations
and acronyms
Digital citizenship: Moke a timeline
the development of the computer * Write a for and against essay

Strategy: Planning a for and against essay

Global skills B * George Orwell vs. propaganda * Fake news and how to spot it

© Expressing disbelief and Culture focus: Orwell's © Write a summary

annoyance: Nineteen Eighty-Four Strategy: Summarizing
* Are traditional festivals still
Strategy: Falling intonation Digital citizenship: Find out
about Newspeak important today?
in exclamaticns * Write a social media post
© Culture shack
© Describing an experience Strategy: Checking for mistakes
Culture focus: A year in a
‘Strategy: Showing interest different country

O Life in another country

Strategy: Understanding context

Global skills C op 50-53 biI:121872L154 op9495 [TENTEƯUETĐEE] sao oy NEIEI -:-› ‹›

TH HN 3jj PT TT
dene
ID s:w2o-vac

Hi, haSanyone seen Maria? She's usually here by now. Anna No, Tickets are $4 each, We've sold about 36
Jack ; Jack Four dollars!
‘Anna No. have you had ‘a.good summer Anna That’ cheaper than a movie ticket
Jack That’ strange: Anyway, Jack Well, {haven't spent any money for ages! yg

so far? thelbass gultar! How about saving up for a new phone. | ost my old on a
Tom Yes! ve learned How te play end of last term.
u two? I've been busy with my theateclrub, Anna How much have you saved?
‘Anna That's cooll Yeah, Jack About $120
‘We've Been working on a musical. Tom Well, that’s good.
Tom Cool ‘iwasin a musical jast year | loved it Jack Yeah, I’ve been walmyknei ighbnorsg" deg,
‘Anna We're going to perform itat the Little Theater Anyway, where's Maria? She's goito nbeglate,
Jack You're braver than me! | haven't acted since | was 7, and Tom She'll be here soon, I'm sure. She's been trainings
I'm not planning on doing it again! for a SK race, so—
‘Anna Really? I ove it! ve dreamed of being on stage foras long Jack — Really? How long has she been doing that?
‘ag lican remember, We've been rehearsing almost every Tom For about six week|sthi,nk. Ah, look, there she
dly since June, The first show's next week, Come and see it Maria Hi, everyonel Phew! Sorry I'm latel
Tom Great, 1d love to.
Jack Isit free?

Talk about recent events Dream ofis a stative verb (like want, need, like, ee),

1 02 GMEwho is most similar to you, We don't usually use stative verbs in the progressive fom
Jack, Anna, Tom, or Maria? Why is Maria tired?

2 @ii2 Listen again. Who is it? Write Jack, Anna, Tom, or Maria.4 can do something new.

1 wants to buy something, but can’t afford it yet 5 has earned some money over the
2 is preparing fora sports event. summer vacation.
is getting ready for a performance.

3 Complete the phrases with the words in the box, 4 [TT Ask and answer about
learn trainfor dreạ m of work arse _save up for
your goals and dreams right N0™
: 3 may ieycle 4 ——— a play

—___how todo something $ ———— ‘Are you saving Uj
3 a race 6 = —_ apmject
anything right
on TV âppearing
Yes, I'm trying to saveenough \
money fora bike. / No, not fea!

mg

5 Match the sentences GS) in the text 10 Complete the dialogue with the simple past,
SEEN present perfect, or present perfect progressive

form of the verbs in parentheses.
Sam Hi, we! (not / meet) before.
tm Sam,
Meg Hi, I'm Meg.
Sam Are you new here?
Meg No.1? (move) here with my
family about a year ago.
‘Oh, OK. So, how do you spend your free
time, Meg?
{'m in a rock band with some friends.
wah Sice, for and How long __?to talk about the Awesomel What do you do?
| play the guitar. But | (start)
eration Of 2 situation which began in the past writing songs, too. | ¢
‘and contiin ntheupreessent. (almost / finish) a new one.

Eeesent perfect progressive to talk about te (take) me ages.
Sam How long.
22 ation or activity which began in the past and (you / work on)

in the present, | Meg, About three months!
Sam Oh, really? 17 (never /
§ Look back at the text. Circle the verbs in the learn) how to play a musical instrument. In fact,
present perfect. Then underline the verbs in the | prefer sports. | ® (do)
tae kwon do since| was about 5.
present perfect progressive.
Listening to people
7 Choose the correct alternatives. Then find Show you're interested when you listen to people by
examples of for and since in the text. saying, OK, Oh, | see, or Oh, really? Ask questions about
‘what they say. Use present perfect questions to ask about
fe use for / since + 2 peroifotidme. experiences and duration. Use the simple past when asking
use for / sin+c2 epoint in time. about the details of past events.

8 Complete the mind map with the phrases 11 [EEEHH Read the Speaking strategy. Then,
in the box.
in big groups, ask questions and complete the
two months March 2004 three months sentences with names. Ask follow-up questions.
as very young half anhour the end of December to find out more information.

sxo’dock 2longtime Tuesday half my life

$ Choose the correct alternatives. om Write some sentences about one of the people
1 We(practiced)/ have practiced the dance yesterday,
but we didn’t practice / haven't practiced it today. you spoke to in exercise 11,
Shall we do it now?
2 @ Guess what? | ve finally learned / ‘ve finally
been learning how to walk on my hands!
b Awesome! | 've learned / 've been learning how
to do a handstand, but | still can’t do it.
Martin 's trained / “4 been training for the tennis

championship for ages now. He's trained /’s been
training for events before, but he’s never worked as
hard as this

` Talkk about obligatÌons ECL

h nework pagelI'lIihave..... Max: Oh! This button just camr e off my5 jacket. :
SH to askii Mr,thWalkểer fora oo `. Alicia Well, you'd better sew it on a2 gain!
tka trwereyou, (fd tape togetheragain.ieilbe Max Um... Bá Hoài d|odo that?
` fi ine.: A Anywaaey, whatwha is your homework? Alicia
larry need to write an article about life in the 1960s. You don’t know how to sew a button on?
2
Max Um, no.
rary nde aen’talfowed to use the Internet Alicia
Elsa Why not? 4 Well, you must learn! Il show you!
Harry _ We have to interview people we know. Fabio Oh, my gosh! Look atall that smoke coming aig
Elsa You should talk to my grandma, She hasa lot of eritachouse
stories about when she was younger ‘Anita Thatlooks bad) ileall Si
Fabio
Jade I'm fed up with my bedroom. It's so messy! | think | should go into the house. There might
Luke You ought to clean it. Anita someone in therel
Jade Yeah, I guess so. But | hate the color of the Nol You mustn't go in there. We have to stay calny
\walls, too. They're so boring! 5
and wait for the firefighters.
Uke fanlofiEbspfllbHUGjpyeri Pedro
Jade RMeoavlely?paOiKn,uvaIlll ask Mom and Dad. I'm sure Luiz Oh, nol havea flat tire on my bikel

ey say Yes Pedro t il hea lp youn . I'm goodTế at fixing flat tires.

1 @®› [ETFTTIBTfÏwiich ¡› the biggest problem? I's OK. We don't have to fix it now. I can take the BUs

2 QB Listen again. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or to school.

1 Elsa thinks Harry needs to get anew homework page. _ false (F).
2 Harry can't use the Internet to research life in the 1960s.
3 Jade thinks she’s allowed to paint her room: 4 Alicia's going to repair Max's jacket.
5 Anita doesn’t want Fabio to go into the house,
6 Pedro needs to ride his bike to school today.

Vocabulary Problems and solutions

| 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

| call_decorate_fedupwith fix messy sew tape clean tear |
1 I my bedroom this morning, Look how neat it is!
; 2 WWejust _ 911. They'll be here soon! 6 I've been helping my cousins
—— their new hoUsẽ!
3 I've never abutton on, 7 \know how to
4 Have you ever broken something and__
ttoogetghereth again ? it 8 Ive never
pioef cclotehing,
5 Mybedroomis very —__, but I'm too tired to clean it now.
9 Im this rainy
Talk about whether the sentences in exercise 3 are true for you,
ne .__.
Number 1 isn’t true for me. | didn't clean my bedroom this morning.
(Em Seeleyom ti }) , neit/:hOhe, r| d,id!

(Me

5 Complete the sentences with words from.
the text.

Make grammar personal
tae you, 12 _ it together - Use grammar structures to write example sentences that
aaain. are true for you. It's easier to remember things that are
‘Yous! a= e ek s to my grandma. connected to your life.

You * it 10 GEREN Read the Study strategy. Then write five
| Well, you § it on again! sentences about your school and home life using the
grammar in exercise 9.
6 Match the sentence halves to complete 1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first. Use the words in parentheses.
the rules.
1 We use should and ought to
1 Itisn’t necessary to call 911. (have)
2 Weuse If! were you, I'd and You'd better .. You call 911.

a to give advice based on our opinion and also to 2 I think you should fix it. (d) |
give general advice. IF were you,| it
b to give advice based on our personal opinion
abouta particular situati lon. 3. You can ask for help. (allowed)
You for help.
7 Choose the correct alternatives. There may be 4 You should clean up the kitchen. (better)
more than one.
1 People shouldn't /’d better not put their own You the kitchen,
fives in danger to help other people. 5. We aren’t allowed to paint the walls. (mustn't)
2 a | feel sick. | think I'll watch TV.
b You ought to / If | were you, I'd go to bed. We —— thewalls
3a I don't understand this homework. 12 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the

b You should / ‘d bette: F ask Mrs. daSilva to words in the box.
explain it to you before you go home. allow /use be/you,/1a/sk not have / buy
4 Doyou think parents ought to / ‘d better teach
their children to cook? have / leave must / wear ought / ask

8 GENT Take turns to choose a problem from 1
the list and give advice. Lily Jack, are you ____ your phone
at night?
I'm fed up with my hair. (You should cut it short. ) Jack Yes. Why? Aren’t you?
` Lily No,1? iton the bookshelf after
eight thirty.
I broke my favorite cup. Jack You". your parents if they could
A button has come off my coat. change the rule a little.
My handwriting is very messy. 2
I've just seen a car accident. Lucy _ |’'m fed up with all my clothes, but I can’t afford to
buy anything new.
3 Complete the sentences from the dialogues. Pippa You“ new clothes.
Secondhand clothes are cool!
Prohibition ———_ the lnternet 3
in there Myra Oh, no! The sign says, “All swimmers with long
hair’ swim caps,” but | don’t
have one.
peaple we know. Ryan Your hairisn’t very long, If

the receptionifisytou can swimwithout one.

Imagine you are on vacation. Write a message to a
friend using the simple past, past progressive, and

present perfect,

alk about objects
1 QS) EEE Match the objects with# he information. Then listen and check.

History Of

contactlenses air freshener

frst worn by the ancient Egyptians Boa

A. 6,000 yearsBe ole sTthyelesUSarebybassoelddieornsaJfatpearnese wfiorsotdemnassp-aprtrowdauscnetd pianinGteedr.maInnythein 1t9h*e c1e7n°turcyentuhroy. ©
; graphite became known as the best in the world, 501m
iri, which were brought back othe US. by simple writing devices were painted yellow—a color;
Se were invented in 1873. They'renamed with royalty in China.
after the aly of Genoa in Italy, where a particular kind of G
cotton fabric was produced. How many pairs are sold today?
‘About three every second! and worn in 1888. They were wide and heavy and covered

is used to fasten clothes and shoes. Its whole eyeball, so people could only wear them fora few

design was inspired by the way the seeds of some plants stick Hi
to animals fur. Inventor George đe Mestral noticed this when used to hide a whole rangeof
he was walking in the countryside with his dog in the 1940s,
bad smells! In ancient times, herbs, lowers, and frulls
is made from sugan starch, food
coloring, favoring, and gelatin, Most gelatin is made from
‘animal skin and bones.

2 Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false sentences.
1 Zori come from Egypt. 5 Yellow has been a popular color for painting graphi

pencils for several centuries.
2 Every minute, about onepair of jeans is sold. _ —

3 George de Mestral copied an idea from nature. ——_

4 Most gummy candy isn’t suitable for vegetarians.

MS La Ideas and objects

3 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 GEIR Tell your partner if th
1. 'm named / designed after someone in my family sentences are true or false for
2 It get an idea fora short story, | usually find it easy to develop / inspire
3. I/d lke to invent / design clothes when I'm older. Sentence 1 is true, I'm name
4 There are one or two famous people who really invent / inspire me |after my grandmother—
5 J only enjoy books and movies which are based / copied on true stories. her name is Rosa like mine. _
6 | dolikne ea’tingtfood whicwhhich is is produced/ mass-
i'm not named after
7. Ithink t would be easy for mme toto invent / basseeaenrew videeso game. Idon’t know why My
chose the name Hect

5 Match the sentence halves to complete the rul
1 To form the simple present passive, a we use am //s / are/ was / were + subject+ past participle.
2 To form the simple pastPassive, ; we use by. //is / are + past participle.
3 Toform the interrogative, ance we use subject + am / were + past participle.
4 To say who does / did the action (the agent, We use subject + was
6 Complete the text with the words in the box.
_ are sold was sold made invented is isloved is produced. weren'ti added.
—= ` 2“1 ốc. dan... 2 dan

Tomato ketchup " ——” than eee People made their own ketchup at

people around the world More million home, until the first mass-produced
bottles of Heinz Tomato Ketchup 2 than 650 si by the
ketchup "
every year. So when and where 3 H.J. Heinz Company in 1876. At first,
this popular sauce * — andhow. the product '2
a ? inglass bottles, but in the 19805,
In the 17" century, British sailors in Chainea tasted a dark plastic bottles '%
brown sauce which they liked, It 7 for the first time.
of fish and it ® ieteaplBack ia The ketchup we eat today
the U.K., they tried to make their own “ketchup” “_____—_infactories, but
using mushrooms, nuts, beans, and fish. The sauce emerson
: into soups and other dishes. fresh tomatoes, along with
Fresh tomatoes !9 to ketchup onions, vinegar, salt,
until the 1700s. and spices.

7 Look back at the text in exercise 1. Find more examples of simple present passive verbs.
Then underline more examples of the simple past passive.

8 Complete the second sentence in the passive. Only use by + agent if necessary.
Dov Moran invented the USB flash drive in 1999.

‘The USB flash drive wi as nve by n Dov t Morae n ind1999.

1 People eat different kinds of noodles in different parts of China.
Different kinds of noodles —_

2. Antoni Gaudi designed the Sagrada Familia church in Barcelona.

The Sagrada Familia church in Barcelona _

3 Companies sell millions of smartphones every day.

Millions of smartphones _
4 Did someone make this hat in a factory?

ina factory?

9 Write questions with the correct form of the words.Auk n= Find out information about a different everyday

Who / flip-flops / first wear? ‘object or type of food (e.g., scissors, paper clips,
Who were flip-flops first worn by?
When / jeans / invent? sticky notes, sleeping bags, potato chips, ice cream)
Which city / jeans / name after?
What / gelatin / make / from? and write a short paragraph about it without
Where / graphite pencils / first / mass-produce?
When / first pair of contact lenses / make? mentioning the name.
Who / the Little Tree air freshener / design? Exchange your paragraph with another student.
10 GEIR Ask and answer the questions in exercise 9. Can they guess the object?

=

: a speech
or give a presentation

and opinions your ideas other people care of MA emotions
and be sympathetic

correctly a foreign
VEE ay Skills and abilities
language or use

sign language

L M5 Match the words J 2 (GEMM Do you agree with the list? Which are the most
important / least important skills in your opinion? Are there
in the box with the pictures. any other skills you would add? Share your ideas with a partner.
Then listen, check, and repeat. (think first aid is the Why is that? om
most important skill.
———— make cook read do 7 Becwe a all uneedstoeknow sympathetic = kind to other
recognize ask remember < how to save someone's life. People when they feel bad
take follow express spell
fix speak tell apologize

Key language ataLIa 0Ø

Degrees of ability sp

3 Complete the mind map with the skills and ÔRonol

abilities from exercise 1. Can you add any others?

oe| SD—cookameal

=> oS

—askquestions| _

4 QB Listen and put the phrases in order 1 What is Natalia doing? How is she feeling?

from the best to the worst (1 = best and 2 OM Check (/) Natalia’s tips for
7 = worst). Then listen, check, and repeat. improving your brainpower.

[1 tearn a new language
How well can you ...? How good at... are you? eVaunrwna LL] breathe deeply
\'m pretty good at making speeches. _
I'm excellent / great at fixing computers. __ IEI read more often

I'm very good at remembering names. __ [J do crossword puzzles

I'm hopeless / useless /terrible at cooking. _ [J play memory games
I'm not very good at telling jokes. —_—_
V'm OK at spelling. __ [J eat fish and drink green tea
I'm good at taking care of other people. _ [J] draw mind maps
I'm bad at apologizing. _ [J g0 to bed early
“*
3 © 8 Decide if the sentences are true (T)
After adjective + preposition, use the -ing form.
or false (F).
He's good at swimming. 1. Natalia had a Science test last week.

5 7 Listen to Mateo talking about what he and Natalia is very good at Math.
his sister can do. Check (Y) the things they do Doing crosswords is good for problem-solving.
well. Put an X for the things they do badly. Omega-3 in fish can improve memory.
Mateo eg Natalia found the test very easy.wnwn

1 Taking care of children Seppe

[Recognizing emo
3 Cooking

4 Apologizin_g

5Telling jokes _ 4 [TW Ask and answer the questions.

6 Fixing ings 1 Which tips did you like the most/ least? Why?

6 [Y1 Ask and answer about how good you 2 Doyou have any tips for memorizing things or
improving your concentration?
are at doing the things in exercise 1. Give reasons
or examples for your answers. cckit ot
Check the meaning of these words and phrases.
How good are you at following instructions? ) Too bad (have) an early night
{think I'm very good at it. For example, | tke gross Phew!
watching online tutorials about photography. `

| Are humans really ¬ more intelligent than
people ‘have asked what makes us different from animals. We share almost
or centuries, our closest relatives, chimpanzees, but *have you ever wondered
99 ent of our DNA with we have? According to some theories, the answer is our
why they have never evolved as far as d 2 million years ago “were only big enough to
nplex bra = The earliest human brains from aroun
simple signals, like sight and smell. As we ‘developed into Homo sapiens 1.5 million years later,
ins grew three times bigger. This was to make space for new skills, like speech and problem-
r, recent research into animal intelligence Shas made some interesting discoveries,
.g, Howeve starting to question the “facts” about our superior intelligence.
and scientists are

Animals don’t n p ae € mac aren't

use language aware of themselves
... except that several ... except that some
chimpanzees *have a chimpanzees, and a few

Jearned to use sign language, dolphins and elephants, "have,
and some other species have
learned to communicate in | the “Mirror Test.” In
significant ways. In the 1990s,
Dr. Irene Pepperberg 7t this test, a scientist puts paint
her studies of working with
Alex, a parrot that could on an animal, and then puts the
remember and name over animal in front of a mirror and
50 different objects!
watches its behavior. When they |;
see themselves in the mirror,
these animals then check their
own body for the paint.

Talk about experiences and past events 0 [ITFFTMIETIWIat- ¡ n

1 ELLE Make a list of all the animals that you 3 - ee PRIEST What Is the main message

can name iin n EnglisEngli h. shows: a Humans are more intelligent than animals.

2 Look at the pictures. Which one - b Animals are probably more intelligent than we think.
1 adolphin? © Animals will evolve further than hum; ans will.

2 an octopus? LỊ hi

3 aparrot? L] đTREFTSE—————————

The largest brains are those of sperm whales,
which can weigh 8 kg.

„0 Grammar link đi.

Present perfect vs. Simple past (1) Present perfect vs. Simple past (2)

4 Look at the highlighted words in the text. Which Yl a
are present perfect, and which are simple past?
Choose the correct alternatives.
Match the present perfect examples with the We use the simple past / present perfect when we talk
uses below. about a finished period of time in the past.
We use the simple past to talk about completed actions We use the simple past / present perfect when we talk
in the past when we say, ask, or know when they about an unfinished period of time (from the past until now).
happened (e.g,, last year, a week ago, yesterday). Javier was a biologist for ten years.
We use the present perfect to talk about: (He isn’t a biologist now.)
A life experiences with ever and never. Javier has been a biologist for ten years.
B recent actions with already and yet.
He's still a biologist.)
the duration of an ongoing activity that started Rules pp.W2-3
in the past, often with for and since, or questions
with How long ... 6 Complete the chart with the phrases in the box.
D past actions where we don’t know when they
happened, especially when they have an effect, lastyear today this year sofar three days ago

‘on the present. yesterday afternoon in 2010 since 1995

A [HT 177/71) Unfinished period'
Grace joined the swim team. today,
last year,

Grace has joined the swim team.
Both sentences are correct.

Complete the rules with simple past or present perfect. 7 Complete the sentences with the present perfect
or simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
The use of the focuses more on the 1 We (live) in South Korea for five
action itself. years, but then we moved to San Francisco.
The use of the here has more to do 2 They (live) in town since 1985.
with our present perspective on the event. 3 He (do) karate for years.
* It implies the action was recently completed. He loves it!
4“ “No, not yet, but I (see) Mateo yet today?”
* Also implies it is somehow related to the present, 51 him yesterday.” (see)

e.g„ She has joined the swim team and is ready 6 (not watch) much TV this week.
to compete. (they/ go) to the party
Rese

5 Complete the dialogue with the present perfect or ‘on Saturday?
simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
Kyle Ohll' (already / read) that 8 [RE Ask and answer the questions. Use the
article online.
Elif What? {it/ be) about? present perfect and the simple past.
Kyle Well, it said that some geniuses, like Galileo or + Where / When / you born?
Leonardo da Vinci, * (have) dyslexia. + What/ like / as a child?
Elif Really? Why do they think that? + Where / live?
Kyle Well,+ (y/oevuer / + How long /live/ there?
hear) that Leonardo * (use) a special + What activities / do / like?
kind of code for recording his ideas? + How long / do /them?
Elif Yes, 1¢ ,He” (write) + What / the most difficult thing/ learn?
from right to left. He * (do) that so + What/ the best book/ read?
that people” (cannot) read his work. A Where and when were you born?
Kyle Well, now some scientists "
B was born in Sao Paulo on May 21**, 2004.

(decide) that perhaps he" (do) that
because he (be) dyslexic and he Use the ideas below to write about your experiences.
" (have) trouble with writing. Add follow-up information using the simple past.
Elif That's interesting. |
(never/ hear) that theory before. +most exciting thing + funniest person best vacation
+most difficult thing + strangestfood__ cutest animal

‘The most exciting thing I've ever done is scuba diving.

Seen

Let's talk about

When did you last talk to
someone who spoke a different language?
Did you understand each other?

Pra
| Focus on accuracy
| \ improve your speaisktoifnocgus
on proper pronunciation, When you listen, you
| iords are prono iced, Try to repeat
ctly as they were said
te audio.

010 a Who is having trouble hearing? Who is having trouble understanding?

Erwin Hi, Maki. It's Erwin. How’s Philadelphia? I’m calling Erwin Wait, it’s pretty noisy in here. What was that?
to let you know what time I’m arriving. Maki The hotel’s on Ludlow Street. It isnfar’ftrom

Maki Hello, Erwin? You're breaking up. What did you say? 30" Street.
Erwin I'm sorry, I'm on the train, and we might get cut off. Erwin I'm sorry, I'm not following you. What do
| Can you hear me now? you mean by “30% Street”?
Maki Not really. Could you speak up? Maki 30 Street Station—its the name of the
Erwin My train gets in at eleven. Shall we meet at 11:30? central station in Philadelphia.
Maki What? Sorry, | didn’t catch that. Erwin Oh, OK. Could you repeat the name of the
Erwin I'll meet you at 11:30 at the hotel. street, please?
What's the address? Maki Sure—it’s Ludlow Street. L-U-D-L-O-W.
Maki It’s on— Erwin Great, see you at 11:30.

Read the Speaking strategy. Practice the dialogue in exercise 2.

4 @ii EEBIEPIIET complete the phrases from the dialogue. Then listen, check, and repeat.

t Asking for repetition 2 What? Sorry, | didn’t Asking for clarification

What did you ` 2 that. sorry, 'm not® you.

What? that? you repeat What do you”

(the name of the street), please? by (30" Street)?

Asking someone to speak louder
Could you speak*

(“oute breaking ® a)
\ What did you say?
(Cimsorry, Ym (onthe tain). )

092 Listen and complete the mini. ti

A What did you say? 62s

8 |said I'll be there around six.
A
8 Sure. Powell Street. It’s off Lincoln Avenue.
A
B It was awesome, cool, something different!

+. SET RTA

*S] In pairs, you have two minutes to write down as many

situations as you can think of where you might be

faced with a lot of unknown vocabulary.
Compare your ideas with the class.

x (MTT Role-play dialogues for the situations

below. Take turns to be the person who is having

trouble understanding.

One of you is on a really You're at a very noisy | You're talking about
noisy train. You need restaurant. You're how you feel. One of

to explain that your talking about your you uses the idiom “to

train is late and arrange last vacation, but it’s be under the weather.”

where and when to impossible to hear The other doesn’t

meet when you arrive, each other, understand.

Hi, Hugo. It’s Daniel, I'm calling to let you know ... Mind maps:
ara
[ZIRZIZA Choose one of the situations Mind maps are very useful to help you categorize
vocabulary into themes, Research different
from Beat the clock and write a dialogue,
types of mind map online,
Then practice it in pairs.

Reading and gramm —.

Future forms 3 Match the highlighted sentences in the text with

1 Do you ever use the “voice search” option (e.g., Siri the rules.

or OK Google) on your phone? Do you get the search a_a future fact or prediction

results that you need? b an offer, promise, or spontaneous decision
c anintention
2 Os Choose the correct alternative. da prediction based on evidence __
The purpose of this text is to present
different predictions / the author's predictions about @ anarrangement ____
machines and people talking.
4 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 We “re having / ll have a party on the 24,
2 I think it will be / is being faster if we take the bus,

3 Look! He ’ll fall /’s going to fall off his bike!

4 “Hi, Greg. Are you doing / Will you do anything
this weekend?”
“Yes, |’ll see /'m seeing Jackie.”

5. “I'm hopeless at Math. I’m not going to pass/
not passing this test!”
“I'm helping / "II help you study.”

5 Complete the sentences with the correct future
form of the verbs in parentheses.
=) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1 “Someone's at the door.”
“ (answer) it!”
2 We (meet) at 2:30 p.m.
tomorrows
=will we have conuersations a F 3 “What (you / do) when
youfinish school?” ———
h A Py 4 Experts say that humans live)
with machines? tanger in the future. o
When we talk to a voice-activated “bot,” like Siri or 5 Iwant to get good grades, so
Alexa, on our devices, it can understand most languages, I— (Work) very hard at school
or accents—and answer back. Experts believe that these
“virtual assistants” search engines as thisjear
6 next week? (you / take) your driving test
‘our way to access the Internet. But will we ever have
natural conversations with our machines? We asked 7 Look at those clouds. It. (rain).
some computer experts for their views. 8 I promise! (not tell) anyone
what you said.
Computers learn languages in the same way that we do.

‘They analyze the sentences that we say to them, recognize 6 GENRE Ask and answer the questions. Give as
much information as possible.
sequences in the grammar, and use those sequences to Are you ...
create new sentences. In the future, your virtual assistant oe Se ei
will probably also learn how to recognize your emotions Saar ance Win your frends tonig
from your speech, It might even make useful decisions, * doing anything spectal this weekend?
like “You sound sad, 2 a funny movie for Are you going to ...
* travel when you finish school?
* go to college?
+ get up early tomorrow?

Currently we don’t talk to computers—we give them
commands. We probably won't ever be able to have
«@ conversation with a bot, To understand a language,
you need fo have ce of the world, For example,
if someone says my feet
because they're too small,” then humans know that the
word “hey: refers to the shoes, not the feet. A computer,
however, has never worn shoes, so it might interpret the Write about your ideal future. What will it be like?
sentence incorrectly and think that “they” refers to feet.
Also, a computer might understand grammar, but it How will it be similar or different to the present?
won't ever understand jokes, sarcasm, or lies.
16

istening and spea g

sø€liapílaay
1 How much do you
Can you name know about native languages in the U.S,
any Native American people?

2 Ddaotwes 3in the box. Then Com; plete the text with th
listen and check. * | 1fee 492 1e,00a 0 n 300 10 million |
N= Keeping ° our —

English is the first language for thelanguages alive
always majority of people in the U.S., but that hasn't
ma Place of bee n the ccaassee., Before thee arriarrivval al of of Europeans 500 years ago, North Americi a was a
extraordinary cultural d iversity with more than * different languages spoken.
As sp
Europeans colonized the continent, they suppressed the culture and languages of the native
People. It has been estim ated that between ? and 1900, the population fell from
around to fewer than 300,000 people.
Today, about half of the original Native American languages
more than half a have disappeared. Of those stil in use,
re spoken by fewer than * people. There are a few exceptions. The
M4 ^ ther tongue for nearly 170,000 people.
Navajo language, for instance, is still the mo
Today, there are numerous programs for the preservation of Native American languages.
communi ties collect videos and audio recordings of their language to make sure that Some
if it dies out in everyday use, it won't disappear completely.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What happened between 1492 and 19007 3 Which Native American languages are still common?
2 Why did over half of the native languages disappear? 4 How are some people trying to save their language?

Gian
4 05 Listen to an interview with Rachel Adams, a linguist, about endangered languages.
Choose the correct answer.
a Rachel doesn’t think that it is possible to save most endangered languages.
b Rachel hopes to keep languages alive by making dictionaries and recording them.
© It’s important to save languages because they are a means of communicating.

5 @015 Read the Listening strategy. Then read the sentences and decide Zz Iĩstening
what type of information is missing. Listen to the interview again
and complete the sentences. Completing fill-in-the-blank
1 There are different languages in the world today.
2 Ten languages are spoken by s pentences,
Before you complete fill-in-
3 of the people in the world.
is the second most common language in the world. fhe blanicsentence< rest the
sentences carefully and decide
4 Only half of all today’s languages will still exist in what type of information is
missing, e.g, a country, a
5. Today, the number one cause of the disappearance of languages is language, a date, or a number.

ssGlirinEsz

6 Read the statement below. Then put the 7 DEXEW Get into two groups and have a class

arguments into two groups: Yes or No. debate about dying languages. Use the arguments
Can you add more arguments? in exercise 6 to help you.
Are dying languages worth saving?

1 A language is only ee eS 3 We lose a part of human.
useful ifitis a means of
| | history with the loss of
communication:
apna ea
2 People lose their
4 Saving languages is
cultural identity without
| | expensive, and we should

their language.
use the money for more
Useful projects
a Create a map of languages from your country, with

each language area accompanied by 1) a word in the

language, 2) its translation in your language, and

3) its English translation.

(> Watch the culture video |

Trending topics Reading and writing competences

| good languages
__ to learn
: that you need

Why learn a language? to learn
Bill tes good for the braint
Ề ‘The brain is like a muscle. If you exercise it, it Languages to learn
gets stronger. Learning a second languageis good
for your brain because the brain has to cope with TẾ man
different systems and switch quickly between
the two. You'll get better at other problem-solving Of course! English is the global language of business—and
ZZ tasks, too, and it also improves your memory!
=a it makes you better at your own language pop culture—so there are lots of reasons to learn it. Some
— `“ Wnen you learn a language, you pay attentiotno
fits grammar and structure. You probably didn't people think that Mandarin may be the language of the future.

= do that when you learned your first language. ' it has over 1 billion speakers, but there are over 50 countries.
= Learning how a language works can help you use
FE ram kose beri oi nimibI in the world where English is an official language, compared
skills will probably get better, too!
) Eis 200d for your career with only three for Mandarin, English’s position as the top.
What job are you going to do when you leave school?
_ Today's world is interconnected, so knowinga global language probably isn’t going to change any time soon.
X foreign languageis obvigooingutoshlelpyyou
ge2 gtood job. And software and technology Dsranish
companies will be very interested in you!
B aa belo Sond peacel ‘Spanish is probably the real competitotro English as a
Well maybe It wo't soe all the words problems,
iput talking to people in thelt ow langliege Wil.« world language. Is it going to be the language of the future?
help you understand other cultures and Only Mandarin has more native speakers than Spanish, and
be more sympathetic to them. Ñ ) k —— f1 its popularity as a second language has grown recently,
especially in the U.S.
The most studied foreign language in U.S. schools
Bie
is Spanish, followed by French, and then German.
-»- Of any other language on UNESCO's list of endangered
Latin is also studied in many schools, languages. Yurok is the language of the Yuroknative

‘American peoofpNolrtehern CalifBoy rthen1i99a0s,.it

was nearly extinct—the number of native speakers dropped

to sixsi—ncebthuen tthere has been an effto orervivte it.
Itnow has about 300 speakers, but it's still classified as

leically endenge ted by UNESCO te Woes cere a

list before “extinct”. Why not learn Yurok?

Gi computer coaing

Posstihbe lmoyst useful language anybody will need for the

future. Some countries are getting rid of foreign languages In

schools and putting coding on the timetable instead. In 2014,

the U.K, became the first countryto make codairenquigred

‘subject—in elementary schools!

NITNTTTR wuat other language: can you learn

that aren’t spoken? Why are they useful?

wooo

1 Check () the statements that you think are true. Then read and check.
3 [_] there are more speakers of English than
1 [] Learninga language can increase
your brainpower. any other language.
2 [_] Mandarin has over 1 billion speakers. 4 [_] spanish has more speakers than English.
onic

2 Complete the sentences with one word from the text.
1 Ifyou learn a foreign language, it might your memory.

2 It will help you to communicate , too.
3 Speaking a language can help your career. Using a dictionary to
4 There are over 50 countries where is an official language. check new vocabulary
5 English probably remain the top global language in the future.
6 Alot of people in the U.S. study as a second language. When using a dictionary,
7 UNESCO keeps a list of languages that might soon become follow these steps:
8 Computer coding might become more important than any other After you find the word, look

3 Read the Reading strategy. Then find the highlighted words in the text. for the definition with the
correct word type (e.g.
Use a dictionary to write a definition for each word or phrase.
verb, adjective) or ¡di
1 switch
Ifa word has multiple
2. native speaker meanings, choose the

3 extinct most appropriate one

4 revive for the context.
Say the word aloud, using
5 get rid of the phonetic symbols if you

know them, or with an online
dictionary, listen and repeat
the word.

4 (EMEA Check (V) the statements you agree with and put an X next to the ones

you disagree with. Then share your opinions and give reasons.

[F] tearning languages ts too hard for [J english ts the only foreign language
that people need.
elementary school.
[[] math and Science are move useful than languages. [_] Schools should sto? teaching French and
[1 you have to learn English if you want start teaching Mandarin chinese instead,
[_] Weneed to preserve dialects and minority languages.
to get a good job these days.
[J Learning a language only makes sense if you've [] computer coding iswit a language.
going 0 travel £0 countries where it is sPokeM. [] computer coding is the most important
Skill For the 2Ist century.

5 [EETRTHR Imagine that your school is only going to offer a foreign Articles wanted!
language or computer coding as a subject next year. You cannot
study both. Discuss and decide which one is the most important. Learning languages

acpi What languages do you speak?
How long have you spoken them?
6 You see this notice in an international English-language magazine. What's the hardest part about
learning a new language?
Write your article on learning languages. Follow the instructions What's the best part?
Do you think everyone will speak
in the notice. Write about 150-175 words. more than one language in the
future? Why?
Exchange articles with another student,
Which ideas are similar or different from yours? Tell us what you think!

Workbook p.W8 m

Present perfect vs. Simple past (1) In the present perfect, we often use the past
participles been and gone to talk about visiting

C pas places. These have different meanings.
Natalia has gone to Europe. (= She's still in
1 We use the simple past as follows:
Europe now.)
~ to talk about completed actions that took place at a Natalia has been to Europe. (= She went to Europe

Specific time in the past. and she's back home now.)

He gave a presentation to the class on Monday. Present perfect vs. Simple past (2)

saw you with Diego yesterday. C pas

— for questions with When ...? and What time ...? 1 We use the simple past to talk abouta finished period

because they ask about a specific time in the past. of time in the past, and the present perfect to talk
Really? When did you ride a motorcycle? about an unfinished period of time (which started in

I rode one last month, the past and continues into the present).

What time did you get home? They lived in Cérdoba for three years. (= They don'tlive
there any longer.)
I got home at 9 p.m.
2 We use the present perfect to talk about: I've lived in Cordoba for twelve months. (=| stil live there)
He had a motorcycle for two years. (= He doesn’t have
— past actions when we don’t say when they happened, ‘one now.)

especially when they have an effect on the present. He's had a motorcycle for two years. (= He still hasa
motorcycle)
I've visited eight different countries. (= We don’t know
when the action happened.) 2 When we talk about experiences in general, we use the

He's bought a new car. (Look, here itis!) present perfect, but to talk about things in more detal
we use the simple past.
Oh nol | think I've lost my key! (\-can’t find it.)
Have you spoken to the new boy in the class (yet)?
— life experiences with ever and never when the exact
Yes, | have.
time is not important. We use ever in questions.
When did you speak to him?
Have you ever visited Singapore? (in all your life) | spoke to him this morning.
He's never had a job.
— recent actions with already. Future forms € pis
They've already seen that movi (= We don’t know In English, there are various ways to express the future:
when the action happened.) 1 We use will for:
~ recent actions with yet. We use yet in questions and
— future facts,
negative sentences.
The movie will be released in the fall.
Has Jorge fixed the TV yet? (= We expect Jorge to fix it.) Hewon't make a speech atthe conference,
haven’ finished my homework yet. (= but I'm going to
finish it soon.) ~ Predictions, often after expressions like ! ota

~ an action that started in the past and which can express degrees of certainty or doubt by

continues in the present, often with for and since. maybe, perhaps, probably, definitely, &t¢-
He’s been there for two hours. (= He's still there.)
We've known each other since we were 71 Maybe people will visit Mars one day.
3 sometimes both the present perfect and the simple
past can be used, but the focus Is slightly different, \ think we'll probably have to walk home.

~ The use of the present perfect implies that the action My boss definitely won’t be back this afternoo™

was recently completed. It also implies that the
action is somehow related to the present,
Felipe has joined the soccer team, (= The focus is on the
fact that Felipe is now part of the soccer team.)
~ The use of the simple past focuses more on the
action itself.
Felipe joined the soccer team. (= The focus is on the
action of joining the soccer team.)