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<b>THANG LONG UNIVERSITY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT </b>

<b>TRANSLATION 1 HANDOUT </b>

<b>Hanoi, 2020 </b>

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<b> WEEK1: PHRASES TRANSLATION </b>

<b>A: English Vietnamese </b>–

1. Innovative climate-change mitigation models 2.High-spending but risk-averse Western tourists 3.A Schengen-like single visa for visitors

4.A recent report titled “ASEAN’s half a trillion dollar infrastructure opportunity” 5.Effective community-based climate-change adaptation models

6.Another key factor driving population growth

7.Climate-change mitigation in agriculture and natural-resource management 8.The provision of quality education for all without discrimination 9.The combination of a continuing high birth rate and a low death rate 10.Rapid population growth among first- and second-generation immigrants

12.A network of nautical highways across maritime destinations

13.The participants in the UNESCO-organized Arab States Regional Conference on Education Post-2015 14. A better-coordinated regional resource mobilization for risk mitigation and recovery efforts 15.A European-like inter-state railway and road network outside mainland Indochina (comprising Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and west Malaysia)

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<b>B. Vietnamese English </b>–

5.Những đóng góp tích cực, nhiệt tình, hiệu quả …

12.Năng lực quản lý còn thấp kém của một số cán bộ …

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<b>SENTENCE ANALYSIS EXERCISE </b>

<b>A. English source </b>

confirmed what pet owners have always intuitively known: that pets are not just loving companions but actually do us good.

whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay.

that exercise the minds of those who live in our sophisticated industrial society.

the environment, has concluded that continued, and even accelerated, economic and human development

and institutional shifts take place.

consistent with improving environmental conditions, the report says: those that build on the positive links between development and the environment, and those that break the negative links.

they cultivate, and investigating in better sanitation and water supplies are measures that can raise incomes and improve the environment.

prevented by immunization, namely, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, measles, polio and tuberculosis.

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<b>B. Vietnamese source </b>

các nhà đầu tư nước ngồi.

quyết tình trạng mất cân bằng giới tính khi sinh đang ngày càng diễn ra phức tạp ở hầu hết các nước đang phát triển trong đó có Việt Nam.

tăng 952.000 người.

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<b>Source Language Target Language Topic 1: Enviroment </b>

<b>I. ASEAN Ministerial meeting on environment (AMME) </b>

The ASEAN region is endowed with rich natural resources that sustain essential life support systems both for the region and the world. Apart from providing water, food and energy, these natural resources play an important role in sustaining a wide range of economic activities and livelihoods. The region is blessed with a variety of unique ecosystems such as the Mekong River Basin, Ha Long Bay and Lake Toba. The region has a long coastline, measuring about 173,000 kilometres in total, and is surrounded by major seas and gulfs such as the South China Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand.

By virtue of its location in the tropics, ASEAN region is also endowed with abundant freshwater resources. In 2007, the region had a total capacity of 5,675 billion cubic metres of internal renewable water resources, with Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR and Malaysia having the highest per capita water resource availability.

While occupying only 3 per cent of the world’s total land area, the region is renowned for its rich biological heritage, comprising the three mega biodiversity countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, which together represent around 80 per cent of global biological diversity. The forest cover in ASEAN is about 45 per cent compared to the world’s average of 30.3 per cent and it provides the natural habitat for up to 40 per cent of all species on Earth.

Increased population, rapid economic growth, combined with the existing and region-wide social

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inequities among the ASEAN countries have essentially exerted increasing pressures on the natural resources of the region and brought along various common or transboundary environmental issues, such as air, water and land pollution, urban environmental degradation, transboundary haze pollution, and depletion of natural resources, particularly biological diversity. It has also led to increased consumption of resources and generation of waste, resulting in unsustainable development. Therefore, despite an abundance of natural resources, ASEAN, as elsewhere, is facing an enormous challenge in keeping a delicate balance of environmental sustainability and economic development.

<b>II. Climate impacts 'overwhelming' - UN</b>

The impacts of global warming are likely to be "severe, pervasive and irreversible", a major report by the UN has warned.

Scientists and officials meeting in Japan say the document is the most comprehensive assessment to date of the impacts of climate change on the world. Some impacts of climate change include a higher risk of flooding and changes to crop yields and water availability. Humans may be able to adapt to some of these changes, but only within limits. An example of an adaptation strategy would be the construction of sea walls and levees to protect against flooding. Another might be introducing more efficient irrigation for farmers in areas where water is scarce. Natural systems are currently bearing the brunt of climatic changes, but a growing impact on humans is feared.

Members of the UN's climate panel say it provides overwhelming evidence of the scale of these effects.

Our health, homes, food and safety are all likely to be threatened by rising temperatures, the summary

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This latest Summary for Policymakers document highlights the fact that the amount of scientific evidence on the impacts of warming has almost doubled since the last report in 2007.

Be it the melting of glaciers or warming of permafrost, the summary highlights the fact that on all continents and across the oceans, changes in the climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems in recent decades.

In the words of the report, "increasing magnitudes of warming increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts".

"Nobody on this planet is going to be untouched by the impacts of climate change,'' IPCC chairman Rajendra Pachauri told journalists at a news conference in Yokohama. Dr Saleemul Huq, a convening lead author on one of the chapters, commented: "Before this we thought we knew this was happening, but now we have overwhelming evidence that it is happening and it is real." Michel Jarraud, secretary-general of the World Meteorological Organization, said that, previously, people could have damaged the Earth's climate out of "ignorance". "Now, ignorance is no longer a good excuse," he said. Mr Jarraud said the report was based on more than 12,000 peer-reviewed scientific studies. He said this document was "the most solid evidence you can get in any scientific discipline". US Secretary of State John Kerry commented: "Unless we act dramatically and quickly, science tells us our climate and our way of life are literally in jeopardy. Denial of the science is malpractice."

<b>III. Thủ Đô Hà Nội: nh ng v</b>ữ <b>ấn đề đáng lo ngại </b>

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lệ. Vì v y, chính quy n thành phậ ề ố đầu tư lớn vào vấn đề này.

Tuy nhiên, khi được hỏi về những việc cần làm

sư tiến sĩ Lưu Đức Hải, tới từ Đại học khoa học thuộc Đại học Quốc Gia cho hay sự nhận thức về

đặc biệt là các không gian xanh và giao thông. Hơn nữa, thành phố cũng khơng hề có bất kỳ biện pháp

khung quy định và xử lý và các công cụ xử lý vi

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<b>Topic 2: Tourism </b>

<b>I. Phát tri n du l ch b n v ng - </b>ể ị ề ữ Đâu là giả<b>i pháp cho Vi t Nam? </b>ệ

nhiều bất cập.

trường thiên nhiên và cộng đồng địa phương, và có

xấu đến nguồn sinh thái mà du lịch phụ thuộc vào.

Quốc (United Nation World Tourism Organization

cần phải:

mơi trường đóng vai trò chủ yếu trongphát triển du

nhiên.

về xã hội và văn hóa của các cộng đồng địa phương,

được xây dựng và đang sống động, và đóng góp vào

II. <b>Nothing to see here</b>

Troublesome tourists are nothing new. “Though there are some disagreeable things in Venice, there is nothing so disagreeable as the visitors,” quipped Henry James. But the volume of tourists in popular destinations is new, as well as the fact that many places are restricting or even banning them.

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From October visitors will be turned away from Koh Tachai island, a snorkelling paradise in Thailand, to save the coral from death by a thousand plastic fins. Sun umbrellas will go from three nearby islands, as they curb tourism too. At the height of summer some 10,000 holidaymakers per day trundle off cruise ships into the alleyways of Santorini, a Greek island. The authorities now have a cap of 8,000 a day.

In the Seychelles, the government has banned large hotel developments indefinitely. Both Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned construction of new complexes in the city centre to appease locals. That answers a common complaint of residents, which is that the fruits of tourism mostly go to large firms such as hotel groups, not to small entrepreneurs.

Blocking new Hiltons does little to stop the growth of Airbnb, a room-sharing service, another reason why some destinations have such an influx of visitors just now. Airbnb is making city living unaffordable for residents as well as crowded, many complain. Authorities in Berlin, Barcelona and Iceland have responded with new limits on it. But that is unlikely to satisfy all locals. “Tourist you are the terrorist” can be found spray-painted across a stone wall in Palma de Mallorca. In New Zealand people are confiscating car keys from tourists who (allegedly) drive badly.

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This summer in Barcelona, around eight out of ten people on Las Ramblas, a famous street, will be tourists. Many residents say their homes are being “Disneyfied”. The operators of Disneyland might view that as harsh: drunk and naked tourists, a boom in illegal flat rentals, and too many knick-knack shops are bigger problems in Barcelona than in the American firm’s theme parks. The city’s new mayor, Ada Colau, was elected on a manifesto of clamping down on tourists.

The Chinese come in for particular criticism. One in ten international tourists now comes from China. Seychellois hoteliers are fed up with one of their habits, which is to boil fresh crabs inside the hot water kettles in their rooms. The head of New Zealand’s tourism body admitted last year that the growth in the number of Chinese visitors is higher than it would like. <b>I. Chính sách dân s ố Việt Nam: T k ừ ế hoạch hóa gia đình đến dân số và phát triển </b> Đảng và Nhà nước ta s m nh n thớ ậ ức được t m quan ầ trọng c a vi c gi i quy t các vủ ệ ả ế ấn đề dân số đố ới i v sự nghiệp phát triển kinh t -xã h i và nâng cao chế ộ ất lượng cu c s ng cộ ố ủa nhân dân; đồng thời xác định việc kiểm sốt quy mơ dân s , gi m tố ả ốc độ gia tăng quy mô dân s là vố ấn đề trọng tâm. Theo k t qu Tế ả ổng Điều tra Dân s và Nhà ố ở năm 1989, dân s ố Việt Nam ở thời điểm này là 64,4 triệu người, tăng gấp 2,2 l n so vầ ới năm 1960. Tỷ lệ phát triển dân s v n còn m c 2,3%, s con trung bình ố ẫ ở ứ ố của mỗi cặp v ợ chống là gần 4 con, số dân tăng lên

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hàng năm khoảng 1,5 triệu người, tương đương dân số c a m t t nh. ủ ộ ỉ

<b>II. The issue of Japan’s aging population </b>

One of the primary issues that comes with an aging population is the ratio of retiring workers to new hires. As people age, they eventually retire and leave the workforce, and there are currently not enough young people in Japan to fill all of the necessary jobs left by these retirees. This means that some of Japan’s biggest industries—such as motor vehicles and electronics—don’t have the manpower to continue at the current rate of production. If Japan cannot maintain its current levels of production, it could lose its spot as the third largest economy in the world10 and a leader in cutting-edge technology. Such a hit would be devastating not only for the Japanese economy, but for the morale of the Japanese people.

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While there are many proposed solutions to the problem of a decreased workforce, many of these proposals are simply unworkable. Increasing the amount of time spent working for each

Japanese citizen is not a plausible solution to this issue, as many, if not most, Japanese are already overworked as it.

Increasing the load for which each worker is responsible could increase stressors and lead to a less healthy nation. Japanese people already traditionally work past retirement age, so it seems unlikely that increasing the minimum retirement age would have any impact. Increased participation in the workforce by women has been targeted by Prime Minister Abe, and will be discussed in a later section.

While strictly increasing hours worked by the current labor supply would not work as a means of maintaining production, an increase in productivity could work. It is possible that workers will become more productive over time through improvements in production processes to the point that increased productivity could offset or even outweigh the decreased number of workers.

Withthe development of technology, especially robotics, this seems like a plausible workaround for the decreased workforce issue. Japan is a very technologically-advanced nation, with many manufacturing jobs already currently being performed by robots. As more work becomes automated, there becomes less of a need for physical bodies to do the same amount of work. Japan’s economy would be able to maintain or even

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increase its current level of exports and production, even with less people to perform the work. Đơ thị hóa cùng với sự phát triển của internet, thu nhập bình quân đầu người, tốc độ tăng trưởng kinh tế là những yếu tố khiến cho thương mại điện tử ngày càng phát triển tại Việt Nam. Nếu như giá trị thương mại điện t ử trong năm 2012 mới ch ỉđạt gần năm nghìn tỉ đồng thì đến năm 2017 đã tăng lên gấp năm lần và đạt mức 25,7 nghìn tỉ đồng, theo s li u của Euromonitor. Năm 2018 giá ố ệ trị thị trường thương mại điện tử Việt Nam đạt khoảng 8 tỉ USD, tăng hơn 30% so với năm 2017. Với tốc độ tăng trưởng trung bình vào khoảng 33%/năm, dự kiến giá trị thương mại điện tử Việt Nam s ẽ đạt m c 106 nghìn t ố ỉ đồng trong năm 2022, tương ứng với khoảng 4,6 tỉ đô la Mỹ. <i>Trao đổi với Forbes Vi t Nam</i>ệ , ông Trần Ng c Thái ọ Sơn, giám đốc điều hành Tiki, một trong những công ty thương mại điện tử lớn nhất của Việt Nam nhận định, thương mại điện tử Việt Nam hiện tại vẫn đang ở giai đoạn sơ khai. Ông so sánh thương mại điện tử Việt Nam như một chiếc laptop nằm trong căn phòng của thị trường bán lẻ.

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