informationtechnology assignment 1 unit networking

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<b>BTEC FPT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE </b>

<b>INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY </b>

<b>ASSIGNMENT 1 UNIT:NETWORKING</b>

<b> STUDENT : NGUYEN TRINH ANH TUAN CLASS : IT 05102</b>

<b> STUDENT ID : BD00096</b>

<b> SUPERVISOR : TRUONG DANG HIEU </b>

<b>Da Nang, July 2022</b>

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<b>ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET </b>

<b>(1st submission)</b>

<b>(2nd submission)Student name NGUYEN TRINH ANH </b>

<b>NGUYEN TRINH ANH TUAN</b>

<b>Grading grid </b>

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❒

<b>Summative Feedbacks: </b>

❒

<b>Resubmission Feedbacks:</b>

<b>Internal Verifier’s Comments:</b>

<b>Signature & Date:</b>

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1.1...Define network.... 11

1.2 Network type (MAN, WAN,LAN etc.)... 1

WAN is TCP/IP, the bandwidth varies depending on the installation location...13

1.3 Benefit of the network...

1.4 Constraint of the network... 1

1.5 Protocol and Standards... 1

Standard...

Network protocol definition... 1

1.6List some protocols : TCP/IP, HTTP,DNS,ICMP... 17

Internet Protocol (IP)...4

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)... 1

DNS( Domain Name System)...

ICMP( Internet Control Message Protocol)... 19

1.6 List some standard organnizations and standard names...19

II. (P2)Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements...20

1.Network topology definition... 2

2.Discuss the Impact of topology... 2

3.Examples of topology with diagrams (Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Hybrid, Mesh)...21

4.Communication and Bandwidth...25

5.Define Communications In Terms Of Networking...25

Switching principles in a network:...

3.Other commonly used networking devices... 28

4.List server types (web server, mail server, DB Serve, DNS Server, DHCP Server)...32

IV. (P4) Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software....

1.Explain What Is Meant By Interdependencies...365

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2.Define networking software... 3

3.Discuss and explain the interdepencies of workstation hardware with networking software. Derive an example form your discussion... 3

V. (M1) Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems...39

1.Compare LAN, CAN, MAN, WAN...

2.Compare physical topologies and logical topologies...40

3.Compare between OSI reference model and TCP/IP reference model...41

4.Compare TCP between UDP...

Table 2 Compare physical topologies and logical topologies...40

Table 3 Compare between OSI reference model and TCP/IP reference model...41

Table 4 Compare TCP between UDP ………….………38

YFigure1- 1 Network... 11

Figure1- 2 LAN... 12

Figure1- 3 MAN... 136

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Figure1- 5 Networking Benefits... 14

Figure1- 6 Constraint of the network... 15

Figure1- 7 Network protocol denfinition... 15

Figure1- 8 Protocol... 16

Figure1- 9 Standards... 16

Figure1- 10 Netwrok Protocols... 17

Figure1- 11 Internet Protocol... 17

Figure1- 12 HTTP... 18

Figure1- 13 DNS... 18

Figure1- 14 ICMP... 19

Figure1- 15... 20

Figure1- 16 Network topology definition... 20

Figure1- 17 Logical and Physical... 21

Figure1- 34 Access Point... 32

Figure1- 35 List server types... 33

Figure1- 36 Web server... 33

Figure1- 37 Mail server... 34

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<b> LIST OF THE ACRONYM </b>

ACL Access Control List

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.

ARCNET Attached Resource Computer Network‹

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ARP. Address Resolution Protocol

Bit Binary Digit

DHCP. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCS Dynamic Host Configuration Server

DNS Domain Name System

INTRODUCTION

Networking piles important role in life. Coming to this report, we will learn about networks, types of networks, network devices,....

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building a network and how it works let's learn this article! The report includes the following:

Chapter 1. Examine networking principles and their protocols. (LO1)

1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards. (P1) 2 Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements. (P2) CHAPTER 2: Explain networking devices and operations. (LO2)

3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types. (P3)

4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software. (P4) 5 Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems. (M1)

<b>CHAPTER 1: BASIC KNOWLEDGE</b>

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<b>LO1: Examine networking principles and their protocols</b>

<b>I. (P1) Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.</b>

<b>1. What is network?1.1Define network</b>.

A network is a system of connected elements that work together. Computer networks connect PCs, printers, servers, phones, cameras, and other types of devices. Computer networks connect devices, allow them to exchange data, and facilitate sharing of information and resources.

A network consisting of 2 ormore computers linked

together to share resources (e.g., internal machines and CDs), exchange files and communicate.

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There are three popular networks today:

- Metropolitan Area

Network (MAN Network) - Wide Area Network (WAN Network)

- Local Area Network (LANNetwork)

A network consisting of 2 ormore computers linked

together to share resources (e.g., internal machines and CDs), exchange files and communicate.

Computers can be

connected via wires, phone lines, radio

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waves, satellites, or infraredrays.

There are three popular networks today:

- Metropolitan Area

Network (MAN Network) - Wide Area Network (WAN Network)

- Local Area Network (LANNetwo

A network consisting of 2 or more computers linked together to share resources (e.g.. internal machinesand CDs), exchange files and communicate. Computers can be connected via wires, phone lines, radiowaves, satellites, or infrared rays.

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-Metropolitan Area Network (MAN Network}-Wide Area Network (WAN Network)-Local Area Network (LAN Network)

<b>1.2 Network type (MAN, WAN,LAN etc.)</b>

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<b> Man</b>

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), also known as urban network, links from many LANs via cables, othertransmission means,... The ability to connect in a large range such as in a town or city , conscious.The MAN network model is often used mainly for organizations and businesses with many branches and departments connected to each other.

Man network is often used for businesses because this model provides many types of services such as connecting lines via voice (voice), data (data), video (image), deploying applications easily. .

- Advantages of MAN network network. The large connection range makes interaction between business parts easy, efficient, low cost, stable transmission speed, information security, simple management.

<i><small>PERFOMED STUDENT: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan</small></i>

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WAN (Wide Area Network), also known as wide area network, is a combination of urban networks including MAN and LAN through satellite equipment, optical cables, and power cables.

Wide area network was created to connect on a large scale across the country. The protocol used in the

WAN is TCP/IP, the bandwidth varies depending on the installation location.- Advantages of WAN

Large connectivity, no signal limitation, easy information sharing, data storage. Relative transmission speed varies by region or transmission device.

<b>1.3 Benefit of the network</b>

The Internet is extremely important and brings a lot of benefits to the entire global humanity. The Internet makes information transfer quickly, you can access information on the internet at almost any location on the globe. For the sake of simplicity, to summarize the internet has the following benefits:

High speed.

Can run large online applications thanks to strong bandwidth Cheap and easy to manage

Look up and learn a huge store of information online

Help people do business, sell online, make money and increase jobs

Linking friends and relatives through social networks like Facebook, vegetable garden ZaloSend and receive mail, read online news

Watch movies, listen to music online, play games

<i><small>Figure1- 4 WAN</small></i>

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Using social networking apps…

<i><small>Figure1- 5 Networking Benefits</small></i>

<b>1.4 Constraint of the network </b>

A constraint network represents a mathematical relationship between several variables and is able to compute the value of any one of these variables given the values of all the others.

There are two types of nodes in a constraint network: cells and constraints. Cells represent variables (read-only cells represent constants) and constraints represent primitive mathematical relationships suchas z = x + y and z = x * y. The neighbors of a constraint are the cells that it constrains. The neighbors of a cell are the constraints that constrain it.

<i><small>Figure1- 6 Constraint of the network</small></i>

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<b> Network Protocol Definition</b>

2. The protocol is a rule file that defines how to format, transmit, and receive data so that network

3. computers - from servers and routers to endpoints - can

communicate with each other, regardless of any 4. differences in the base

layer, design, or standard facilities.

5.

6. To send and receive data successfully, devices

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on both sides of a

communication exchange must accept

7. and follow protocol conventions. Network protocol support can be built into the software, hardware, or

8. both. 9.

10.Standardized network protocols provide networkdevices with a common language. Without them, 11.computers would be

unable to communicate with one another. As a

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result, except for networks explicitly

12.designed for a specific architecture, only a few networks can function, and the internet as we know it

13.today would not exist. To communicate with one another, almost all end-users rely on network 14.protocols.

15.The protocol is a rule file that defines how to format, transmit, and receive data so that network

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16.computers - from servers and routers to endpoints - can

communicate with each other, regardless of any 17.differences in the base

layer, design, or standard facilities.

18.

19.To send and receive data successfully, deviceson both sides of a

communication exchange must accept

20.and follow protocol conventions. Network protocol support can be

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built into the software, hardware, or

21.both. 22.

23.Standardized network protocols provide networkdevices with a common language. Without them, 24.computers would be

unable to communicate with one another. As a result, except for

networks explicitly

25.designed for a specific architecture, only a few networks can function,

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and the internet as we know it

26.today would not exist. To communicate with one another, almost all end-users rely on network 27.protocols.

The protocol is a rule file that defines how to format, transmit, and receive data so that network computers - from servers and routers to endpoints - can communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in the base layer, design, or standard facilities. To send and receive data successfully, devices on both sides of a communication exchange must accept and follow protocol conventions. Network protocol support can be built into the software, hardware, or both. Standardized network protocols provide network devices with a common language. Without them, computers would be unable to communicate with one another. As a result, except for networks explicitly designed for a specific architecture, only a few networks can function, and the internet as we know it today would not exist. To communicate with one another, almost all end-users rely on network protocols.

<i><small>Figure1- 7 Network protocol denfinition</small></i>

A protocol is a set of established rules that define how to format, transmit, and receive data so that computer network devices - from servers and routers to endpoints - can communicate with each other. , regardless of the differences in infrastructure, design, or basic standards between them.

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<b> Standard</b>

An Internet standard is a specification that is very beneficial to the Internet, has proven to be mature, and is supported by the general public. This title is awarded by the Internet Architecture Council on the recommendation of the Internet. Engineering Task Force (IETF). Standardized procedures were introduced in late 1988. The whole process takes at least a few months and often takes several years. Inmany cases, it is postponed indefinitely. Each Internet standard is either a selected Request for Comments, or a set of multiple RFCs.

<i><small>Figure1- 9 Standards</small></i>

<b> Network protocol definition </b>

A network protocol is a set of rules that a network must follow. Network protocols are formal standards and policies made up of rules, procedures, and formats that define communication between two or moredevices over a network.

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<b> 1.6List some protocols : TCP/IP, HTTP,DNS,ICMP</b>

<b>Internet Protocol (IP)</b>

Internet Protocol Suite

The Internet Protocol Suite is a collection of protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet runs. The Internet Protocol Suite is sometimes referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite. TCP and IP are important protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). The Internet Protocol Suite is similar to the OSI model, but with some differences. Also, not all layers correspond well.

<i><small>Figure1- 11 Internet Protocol</small></i>

<b> Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</b>

HTTP is the data communication platform for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that useshyperlinks between nodes containing the text. HTTP is an application protocol for distributed and hybrid hypermedia information systems.

HTTP's default port is 80 and 443. Both of these ports are secure.

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<b>DNS( Domain Name System)</b>

DNS (Domain Name System) or domain name resolution system, can be explained as a system that helps humans and computers "communicate" with each other more easily (Because of their communication language). We are names and letters, and computers can only understand sequences of numbers!) The system helps to translate domain names (hostnames) into strings of numbers, so that computers can

<b> ICMP( Internet Control Message Protocol)</b>

ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. Readers can understand simply a protocol of the Internet Protocol packet, also known as the control protocol on the network.

ICMP is used to report errors that occur during the transmission of data packets on the network. Or used to probe and manage the operation of the network.

<i><small> Figure1- 13 DNS</small></i>

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<b>1.6 List some standard organnizations and standard names</b>

ITU - International Telecommunication Union. is an association of national unions, based in Switzerland, founded in 1947, whose members include major government and telecommunications companies.

IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): is a non-profit organization, op erating since 1963, with more than 360,000 members (in 2010) including engineers, scientists, students worldwide.IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force) is also an organization that develops standards related to wireless technology

IOS ( International Standard Organization)EIA ( Electronic Industry Association)TIA ( Telecom Industry Association )

<i><small>Figure1- 15 </small></i>

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II. (P2)Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements

<b>1.Network topology definition</b>

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. Primarily,it is the topological structure of a computer network, and can be described in terms of physics and logic. The physical topology (physical topology) is the arrangement of the various network elements, including equipment storage and cabling settings, while the logical topology (logical topology) specifies how the data flow in the network works. Node distances, physical intersections, transmission rates, and/or signal types can vary between two networks even though their topologies may be identical.

<i><small>Figure1- 16 Network topology definition</small></i>

<b>2.Discuss the Impact of topology </b>

Definition: Physical & Logical Topology.

➢Physical Topology: Physical topology is Physical topology. The interconnected topology of a local area network is physical topology (LAN). Connecting physical devices on a network using cables and cables forms the physical topology.

➢ Logical Topology: Logical Topology is Logical Topology... The logical topology can be automatically maintained and reconfigured by using network devices such as routers and switches. The topology is opposed to physical topology, which refers to the physical interconnection of all network devices.A logical topology is a concept in a network that defines the architecture of the communication mechanism for all nodes in a network. Using network devices such as routers and switches, the logical topology of a network can be automatically maintained and reconfigured. The topology is anti-logical with the physical topology, which refers to the physical interconnection of all devices in the network.

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