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<span class="text_page_counter">Trang 1</span><div class="page_container" data-page="1">
Le Hiing Chi^nSTrin Tlii TTiom', NguySn Thi Hai^
TOMTAT
Noi dung bai bao trinh bay ket qua ung dung cong nghe GIS va mo hinh chufii Markov trong danh gia, dii bao bien dong su dung dat giai doati 2010 - 2015 huyen Dong Hung, tinh Thai Binh. Du lieu dau vao sir
<i>dung cho nghien ciru la ban 66 hten trang sir dung dat nam 2010 va nam 2015, su dung phdn mfem ArcGIS </i>
va mo hinh chufli Markov de danh gia bien dpng sir dung dait va du bao nhu cau sir dung dat cho phat tri^n kmh te xa hOi cac nam tiep theo. Ket qua nghien cuu thong qua viec ch6ng xep va xlLy dung ban do bien dong dat dai giai doan 2010 - 2015 cho thay co su bien dong giira cac nhom dat, cu the dien tich dat nong nghiep giam (tir 14.312.72 ha nam 2010 xuong con 13.826.62 ha nam 2015). dien tich dat phi nong nghiep tang (tir 5.237,45 ha nam 2010 len 5.730,68 ha nam 2015) va dien tich dat chua su dung giam tir 54,7 ha xudng con 47,2 ha trong giai doan 2010 - 2015. Da ling dung chu6i Markov de du bao xu huong bien dong su dung dat giai doan 2015 - 2020 ket qua cho thay den nam 2020 diftn tich du bao nhu cau su dung cua cac nhom dat cu th^: Nhom dat nong nghiep 13 085,54 ha, nhom dat phi nong nghigp 6.478.91 ha. nhdm dat chua su dung 36,33 ha. Viec xac dinh duoc bien dong dat dai trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 va du doan xu huong bi^n dpng dat dai trong giai doan toi co vai tro quan trong trong viec quy hoach su dung dat hop ly, phuc vu muc Pen phat trien kmh t^ xa hoi cua huyen Dong Hung trong giai doan tiep theo.
<i><b>TOkh6a: Congnghe GfS (Geographic fnformation System), ban do bidn dong sd dung dat, chudi Markov. </b></i>
<small>1 . DAT VAN BE </small>
Dat dai la nguon tai nguyen co han, nhu cau dat dai cho eac nganh kinh te - xa hpi ngay cang gia tang ma chu yeu la bien dpng dat nong nghiep sang cac loai dat khac. Do do, viec du bao nhu cau sii dung dat, dua ra ke hoach, co cau su dung dat hop ly, tranh chuyen muc dich khong dung theo quy dinh dac biet la dat chuyen h-ong liia nuoe la rat cdn thiet. D6ng tiioi cdn khai thac dat chua su dung, dat dang sir dung co hieu qua kinh te tiiap de bu lai dien tich dat nong nghiep da chuyen sang muc dich khac.
Trong qua trinh su' dung dat do nhu can phat trien kinh te xa hpi, duoi su tac dpng ciia cac yeu to tu nhien (dieu kien khi hau, dia hinh...) cung voi su tac dong cua con nguoi, bien dpng dat dai dien ra kha pho bien, dieu nay lam cho dien tich cac loai dat thay doi tiieo nam tiiang. Do vay, viec danh gia bien dong va du bao nhu eSu su dung dat, dtta ra ke hoach su dung dat hop ly la vo cung quan trong trong cong tac quan ly va su dung dat, theo doi bien dong su dung dat se cung cap nhiing tiiong tin chinh xac ve hien trang su' dung dat. Tu do cac nha quan ly dua ra
ke hoach, dmh huong su dung dat hieu qua va hpp ly cho tuong lai.
Viec danh gia bien dgng va du bao ve xu huong sir dung dat bang phan mem cho ket qua chinh xac, khach quan va nhanh hon so voi phuong phap truyen tiidng. Dac biet phan mem GIS eho phep nguoi dimg tiiuc hien cac chuc nang: Hien thi true quan, tao lap
<i>ban do, tra giiip ra quyet dinh, trinh bay, kha nang </i>
tiiy bien cua chuong b-inh giup cac nha quan ly co the danh gia bien dpng dat nhanh chong khi co du co
<i>so dii lieu dkxx vao. </i>
Xuat phat tu thuc tiln nay viec su dung cdng nghe GIS thanh lap ban do bien dpng su dung dat dai
<i>a dia phuong la het su'c can thiet. </i>
<small>2. VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU </small>
2.1. Viit lieu nghien cuu
- Ban do hien trang su dung dat nam 2010 va nam 2015 dang sd (dinh dang *dgn).
- Phan mem su dung; ArcGIS Destop va md hinh chudi Markov.
- Ket qua thong ke, kiem ke dat dai trong giai doan 2010-2015.
Tnrdng Dai hoc Lam nghiep
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 2</span><div class="page_container" data-page="2">Cac bao cao, tai Mu ve dieu kien tu nhien kinh t^ xa hdi tai huyen Dong Hung, tinh Thai Binh.
<b>-2.2. Phuong phap nghidn ciiu </b>
<i><b>2.2.1. Phuong phap thu thip so lieu thii cip: </b></i>
Trong qua trinh thuc hien nghifin ciiu, tac gia co thtrc hien thu thap, ke thita mpt sd tai heu thii cap co liSn quan toi khu vuc nghien ciiu nhu:
- Cac bao cao thuyet minh xay dijng ban d6 hien trang su dung dat nam 2010 va nam 2015 ciia huyen Dong Hung trin co so kiem ke dat dai dinh ki cua huyen.
- Cac tai lieu, bao cao ve dieu kien tir nhien, kinh te - xa hoi giai doan 2010 - 2015 tren dia ban nghien ciru.
- Ben canh do da tham khao them mot sd bai bao, cong trinh nghien ciiu khoa hoc ve iing GIS hong danh gia bien dong su dung dat va chu6i Markov trong du bao xu huong bi^n dong su dung dat da duoc cdng bd.
<i><b>2.2.2. Phuong phap xii ly sd'heu </b></i>
<small>-Jo hifn t n o g ai]f dung ddi I] a n </small>
i — 1
<small>Nhom c ^ loai hinh su dtm^ dai </small>
+ Su dung ArcCatalog de chuyen dii lieu dang vung tii file *.dgn sang *.shp.
<i>+ Su dung ArcMap xay dung co so dti beu tiiupc </i>
tinh, hien tiii diJ lieu khdng gian.
-H Su dung edng cu chong xep ban do tiong GIS.
<i>+ Su dung cdng cu hitersect, mot cdng cu chdng </i>
xep ban do h-ong phdn mem ArcGIS de xay dung ban do bien dong sii dung dat huyen Ddng Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015, tir do dua ra duoc thude tinh de phan tich.
+ Phan tich sd lieu bang phan mem Excel: Cac thuoc tinh tir ban do chdng xep se dupe phan tich thdng qua phan mem Excel, cu the tu bang thuoc tinh cua ban dd bien dong su dung dat huyen Ddng Hung giai doan 2010 -2015, xuat dir lieu qua Excel chuyen ve dang ma tran cdt doc va hang ngang, tir do phan tich duoc cac bien ddng, thay ddi.
<i>2.2.3. Phuong phap du bao su dung dat </i>
Nghien ciiu da ung dung mo hinh Markov Chain de xac dinh kha nang thay ddi cac kieu sir dung dat va cac nhan to anh hudng toi su tiiay ddi. Tdng quat
<i>hda md hinh duoc minh hoa a hinh 2. <small>C k kieu Vi dung dai o ihji i\m l, </small></i>
<i>Hinh 1, Quy trinh xii ly vk phan tich dir lieu </i>
-H Su dung cac ban dd hien trang su dung dat nam 2010 va 2015 duoc the hien dang file sd *.dgn sii dung trong phan mem Microstation bien tap, chinh ly CO so- dii lieu khdng gian.
Hinh 2. M6 hinh chudi Markov
<i>(Nguyin Kun Loi, 2005) Vdi Yij- La xac suat thay ddi duoc xac dmh tir vide chdng ghep ban dd sir dung dix tai 2 thdi didm </i>
khac nhau. De du doan phan bd cac kieu sii dung dat khac nhau vao cac thdi diem khac nhau co thd ung dung mo hinh chudi Markov nhu sau:
<i><small>Tile cac hiu sir dmg dalaihcndiim </small></i>
<i><small>ihinhal </small>J </i>
<i><small>Ma Iran ve xac sudi diasulhaySoicac </small></i>
<i><small>km sit dung ddt </small></i>
<i><small>Tile cac kieu sii dung ddtalhmdim </small></i>
<i><small>ihukai </small></i>
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 3</span><div class="page_container" data-page="3">Day CO the duoc viet lai dudi dang tong quat hda cua ma fran nhu sau:
<small>Yii.Ti:,Ti!. Yis fiiJilTy. -Y!S </small>
<small>[VuVv.-.Vs], lVi,V^,..,Vs]. </small>
tam dau tir phat hien, he tiiong giao tiidng, tiiuy loi cua huyen trong nhiing nam qua da diroc dau tu co ban la dieu kien tot dd phat tiien kinh te dia phuong.
Co cau nen kuih td huyen h-ong nhiing nam qua CO su chuyen dich theo huong tich cue, tang dan ty trgng cdng nghiep - xay dung, dich vu, giam dan ty trpng ndng nghidp.
Du bao ve su thay doi cac kidu su dung dat theo thdi gian theo phuong trinh toan hoc sau:
Vta = M * Vti
Trong dd: M la ti le thay ddi ciia cae kieu su dung dat trong khoang thoi gian thu thap sd lieu; Vt^ la dien tich cua kieu sii dung dat tai thdi diem tiiii nhat; Vtj la dien tich cua kieu sit dung dat tai thdi diem thir hai.
Nghien ciru tien hanh du bao truoc tien can xac dinh duoc khoang thdi gian du bao, tren co so- ket qua danh gia bien dong sii dung dat khu vuc nghien ciiu giai doan 2010 - 2015, nghien cuu da ung dung md hinh phan tich chuoi Markov nh^m du bao bien ddng su dung dat toi nam 2020 theo cdng thiic sau:
TDB=TCT+aCT-TCD) Trong do: TDB la thdi dilm du bao; TCT la moc thdi gian can trdn cua qua trinh danh gia; TCD la mdc thdi gian etn dudi cua qua trinh danh gia.
<small>3. KET QUA NGHIBU Ciiu </small>
3.1. Khii qudt v^ khu vuc nghidn aiu Huyen Ddng Hung tinh Tliai Binh la huyen thuoc vung dong bang chau tho sdng Hong vdi dien tich tu nhien la 19.929,9 ha toan huyen cd 01 thi tran va 43 xa, vi tri dia ly nam ti^p giap nhu sau:
- Phia Bac giap huyen Quynh Phu; - Phia Ddng giap huydn Thai Thuy; - Phia Tay giap huyen Hung Ha;
- Phia Nam giap huyen Vu Tliu, huyen Kien Xuong va thanh phd Thai Binh.
La huyen nong nghiep thupc viing ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng ndn kinh te cua huydn Ddng Hung chu yen dua vao san xuat ndng nghidp. Trong nhiing nam qua, huyen da thuc hien viee don dien ddi thua, timg bude chuyen ddi co cau kinh te nong nghiep theo huoTig san xu^t hang hda, xay dung canh ddng thu nhap hieu qua kmh te cao, tao su thay ddi dien mao ndng thdn. Co so ha tang da duoc quan
Hinh 3. Chuyen dich co c^u kinh t^ huySn Dong Hung giai dogn 2010 - 2015
<i>Hinh 3 cho thay chuyen dieh ca can kinh te </i>
huydn Ddng Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 cd su tiiay
<i>ddi cu the linh vuc cdng nghidp xay dung tang m ^ h </i>
b-ong 5 nam tang 7,5% tii 34,6% len 42,1%; linh vuc ndng nghiep giam manh tii 42,6% xudng 33,7%; linh vuc thuong mai dich vu c6 xu huong tang nhe tu 23,4% len 24,2%. Ben canh su chuyen dich ve co cau Idnh te thi thanh phan kmh td cijng co su chuyen dich dang ke, giam ddn ty trong kinh te' nha nude, tang dan ty trong kinh te tu nhan, ca the va xuat hien them thanh phan kinh te cd vdn dau tu niroc ngoid.
3.2. K^t qua xay dung ca s& du li^u d^t dai huy^n Ddng Hung thdi di^m nam 2010,2015
Ban do hien trang su dung dat nam 2010
Ban do hien trang sir dung datnam2015
Hoin thien ban do (sijaloi, trai mau)
Chuyen doi dir !ieu: *.dgn, *.shp
<i>Ca so dii lieu khong gian, co so </i>
dir lieu thuoc tmh hien frang su dung dSt nam 2010 va 2015
Hinh 4. Quy tiinh hota thif n dti Mu hifn tr^mg dit dai huyfn B6ng Hung nam 2010,2015
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 4</span><div class="page_container" data-page="4"><b>Dii lieu dau vao la ban do hien ti-ang sir dung dat </b>
d?ng sd nam 2010 dupe xay dung di^a theo Thdng tu 08/2007/ BTNMT va ban do hien trang sii dung dat 2015 duoc xay dung dua theo Thdng tu 28/2014/ BTOMT. Vi vay, can tien hanh chuan hda dii lieu hai
ban dd hien tiang thu thap dupe, chuyen ddi du lieu khdng gian va xay dung co so du lieu thuoc tinh cho hai ban do ddng bd truoc khi tien hanh danh gia bien ddng. Viec hoan thien du Ueu ban dd hien trang nam
<i>2010 va 2015 dupe tien hanh tiieo so do a hinh 4. </i>
<i><b>"i^^ </b></i>
<b>Dii lifeu hi$n trang su diing dit nam 2010 Dir lifeu hifin trang su diing dit nam 2015 Hinh 5. Da U$u hi§n trang sir dung dat huyf n Dong Himg nam 2010 va nam 2015 </b>
<i><b>Du lifeu hien trang su dung dat nam 2010 va </b></i>
2015 duoc xay dimg, hien tap theo diing quy pham hien hanh. chuan xac ve mau sac va ma cac loai dat, trong do nhom dat nong nghiep chiem phan l<m dien Uch (14.312,72 ha nam 2010 va 13.826,62 ha nam 2015) bao gom cac loai dat: Dat trong cay hang nam (CHN), dat trong cay lau nam (CLN), dat nuoi trdng thuy san (NTS), dat nong nghiep khac (NKH). Nhom dat phi nong nghiep (5.237,45 ha nam 2010 va 5.730,68 ha nam 2015) g6m cac loai dft: Dat o (OTC), dft chuyen dimg (CDG), dft ton giao (TON), dat lin nguong (TIN), dft nghia trang, nghia dia
<b>Bang 1. Truemg dii Ueu thuoc tinh ciia ban d6 bifa dong huySn Dong Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 </b>
(NTD), dft song ngoi, kenh rach (SON), dft co mat nutk chuyen dling (MNC), dat phi nong nghiep khac (PNK). Nhom dft chua sir dtmg chit yeu la dft bftig chua su dung chiem phan nho dien tich tu nhien (54,7 ha nam 2010 va 47,2 ha nam 2015).
<b>3.3. ThSnh lap ban d6 bien dong sir dung dft cita huy«n D6ng Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 </b>
C<r so do lieu thupc tinh ctia ban do bien dong sir dung dat huyen Dong Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 ven cac trudng du lieu dugc the hien o bang 1.
STF 1
Ten trutmg STT Bien dting Giai thich Dt.bien dong
Kieu tmdng Short Integer
Text Float
Do rong 10000
<b>50 </b>
10.(2)
Giai thich ten tnrdng Ma dat 2010 ^ Ma dft 2015 Dien tich chuyen doi Bang 1 cho thay truimg dti lieu thupc tinh cua
ban do bien dpng dft dai huyen Dong Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 duoc thiet k t gom 4 ti^cmg dii heu. Trong do, tiirtmg du lieu 1 (STD the hien thir tu cac bien dong dft dai, truiimg dti lieu 2 (bien dtjng) the hien ma loai dft nam 2010 da dupe chuyen dot sang ma loai dft nam 2015, truiing dii lieu 3 (giai thich) the hign nguyen nhan bien dpng tir ma loai dat nam
^ 0 1 0 sang ma loai dft nam 2015 va h^ong du lieu 4 (Dt-bien dong) the hien dien tich ma loai dft nam 2010 da bi6n dong sang ma loat dft nam 2015.
Tien hanh chdng xep ban dd hien trang nam 2010 va 2015 bang phin mem ArcGIS, ket qua ftu duoc ban dd bien dpng su dung dft huyen Dong
<i>Hung, tinh Thft Binh giai doan 2010 - 2015 a hinh </i>
6.
139
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 5</span><div class="page_container" data-page="5">Hinh 6. Ban do bi^n dOng sir dtrng dft huy6n Dong Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 Hinh 6 cho thay, nhom dat nong nghiep CO xu huong giam xudng trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 dft phi ndng nghiep co xu hutmg tang manh tiong giai doan 2010 - 2015. Co the thay, voi dien tich dft ndng nghiep kha Idn phan anh thuc trang huyen Dong
Bang 2. Ma trfti bi& dpng sii dung dft huySn Dong Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015
Hung la mdt vimg ddng bing phft tiien chii yeu ve nong nghi$p nhung do xu hudng cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ma dien tich dat nong nghiep cd xu hudng giam tiong giai doan 2010 - 2015 va dien tich dft phi nong nghiep tang manh trong giai doan 2010 -2015. Dft chua sii dung (CSD): Trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 dien tich dft chua sir dung da duiJC dua vao sii dung nhieu hem, phan dien tich dat chira sir dung duoc chuyen sang dft ndng nghiep (NN) va dat phi nong nghiep (PNN)
<i>3.4 Dftih gii Uin dOng sii dung dft cda huy6n </i>
Dong Hung giai do?n 2010 - 2015.
Tir ban dd bi^n dong sir dung dft duoc thanh lap bang ArcGIS tien hanh xay dung ma tian bien dong sir dung dft dupe ket qua ti bang 2.
<i>(Bfmviha) </i>
<small>STT 1 </small>
<small>3 </small>
<small>5 6 7 E 9 10 11 12 B </small>
<b><small>Ml </small></b>
<small>CHN CLrN NTS NKH OTC CDG TON TEN NTD SON MNC P!SK CSD Cong taDg </small>
<small>CHN </small>
<small>12 705.84 10.93 220,12 </small>
<small>1.B8 </small>
<small>0.06 </small>
<small>0,46 </small>
<small>6.15 239,6 -613,57 </small>
<small>CLN </small>
<small>139.17 674 64 41,4S </small>
<small>0 10 </small>
<small>O.IO </small>
<small>180,85 144,54 </small>
<small>NKH </small>r,u3 <small>:2 53 7 72 39 74 </small>
<small>0 1" </small>
<small>0.06 </small>
<small>0.92 204,73 203,23 </small>
ore <small>45.7 2.11 2,91 0.07 1731,37 </small>
<small>1 35 </small>
<small>52,14 51,28 </small>
<small>CDG </small>
<small>414,34 0,31 1,98 1.15 0.86 3074.7 </small>
<small>0.3 0 34 0.03 </small>
<small>12.67 </small>
<small>3 00 434,98 430,97 </small>
<small>TON 1,47 0,24 0,01 0.28 </small>
<small>39,26 0 29 </small>
<small>2,29 </small>
<b><small>1,99 </small></b>
<small>TIN </small>
<small>0.90 0.09 0.24 </small>
<small>0.02 </small>
<small>22.7 </small>
<small>1,25 0,62 </small>
<small>NTD 14.96 </small>
<small>182.51 </small>
<small>14,96 14,87 </small>
<small>SON </small>
<small>216.15 0.70 </small>
<small>0,70 0,70 </small>
<small>MNC 0 49 </small>
<small>l.IO </small>
<small>0,11 </small>
<small>35.14 </small>
<small>0.09 1,79 -13,09 </small>
<small>PNK 0,82 </small>
<small>1.17 4,67 5,49 5,49 </small>
<small>CSD </small>
<small>2.73 0.10 </small>
<small>49,32 2,83 -12,0 </small>
<small>glim 853,17 36,31 275,56 </small>
<b><small>1,50 0,86 4,01 0,30 0,63 0,09 0,00 14,S8 </small></b>
<small>0,00 </small>
<b><small>14,83 </small></b>
<i>Ghi chu: CHN: Dat tidng cay hang nam; CLN: Dat tidng cay lau nam; NTS: Dat nudi tidng thuy san; NKH: Dit ndng nghiep khac; OTC: Dii d; CDG: Dat chuyen dung; TON: Dat tdn giio; TIN: Dat tin nguong; NTD: Dat nghia tiang, nghia dm; SON: Dat sdng ngdi, kenh rach; MNC: Dit cd mat nude chuyen dimg; PNK: Dat phi ndng nghiep khac; CSD: Dit chua sudung. </i>
Bang 2 cho thay: Trong khu vuc nghien dat san xuat nong nghiep giam 613,57 ha, dat trdng cay lau nam tang 144,54 ha, dat nuoi trdng thuy san tang 73,34 ha, dat nong nghiep khac tang 203,23 ha. Dien tich dat nong nghiep giam, duoc ehuydn cho nhdm
dat phi nong nghiep, chii yeu la dat o' (51,28 ha) va nhdm dat chuyen dung (430,97 ha).
Kdt qua viec xay dung ban do bien dong su dung dat va danh gia bien ddng su dung dat bang phan mem ArcGIS cho thay:
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 6</span><div class="page_container" data-page="6"><small>- Dat n d n g nghiep giam 486,1 ha: D i e n tieh dat nong nghiep giam d u o c c h u y e n s a n g dat p h i n d n g nghiep chu yeu la dat 6 va n h o m dat c h u y e n diing. Trong tuong lai, x u h u d n g c d n g n g h i d p h d a , h i e n dai </small>
<i><small>hda dien ra m a n h n h u n g van di dat n o n g n g h i e p giam </small></i>
<small>manh se tac d d n g d d n n e n k i n h te h u y e n , d o vay, viec giuf can bang c o cau eac n g a n h la dieu q u a n trong. </small>
<small>- Dat phi n d n g n g h i e p t a n g 493,23 h a : D i e n tich </small>
<i><small>dat phi n d n g nghidp t a n g chii y d u b n h d m dat </small></i>
<small>chuyen diing 430,97 h a n g u y e n n h a n d o t r o n g giai doan 2010 -2015 c a c k h u c d n g n g h i e p , c u m c o n g nghidp tai huydn d u o c x a y d u n g n h i e u h o n va tai huyen da mo' r d n g cac tuydn d u o n g giao t h d n g va xay dung cac d u d n g c a p t h o a t n u d e p h u c vu c h o ngudi dan noi day. </small>
<small>-Hinh 7 c h o thdy giai doan 210-2015 cac loai dft h u y e n D d n g H u n g tinh TTiai Binh d e u cd x u h u d n g bien d d n g . T u y nhien, n h d m d f t n o n g n g h i e p k h a c (NKH) cd s u bidn d d n g Idn n h f t 1310%, va n h d m d f t phi n d n g n g h i e p k h a c (PNK) bien d p n g 469,23% cdn cac loai d f t k h a c bien d d n g tiong k h o a n g tir 7,5% d e n 26,77%. </small>
<small>3.5. Dir bdo b i ^ n d d n g s u diing d f t h u y d n D d n g H u n g giai d o a n 2010 - 2020 </small>
<small>S u d u n g t h u a t toan c u a m d h i n h M a r k o v ( n h a n m a tran) d e d u b a o bien d d n g sir d u n g d f t b a n g e a c h lay m a t r a n h i e n tiang sir d u n g d f t n a m 2015 n h a n vtri m a t r a n x a c s u f t thay dot s u d u n g dft t r o n g giai d o a n n a m 2010 - 2015 cd d u p e k e t q u a dtr b a o b i e n d p n g sir d u n g d f t dtin n a m 2020, k h i dd t h u d u o c k d t q u a d u bao thay ddi dien tich d f t n a m 2020 b a n g 3. </small>
<small>ddi di^n tich d f t n a m 2020 </small>
<i><small>(Don viha) </small></i>
<small>Ma loat ttat Ben nam 2020 </small>
NNP
<small>13.085,54 </small>CHN
<small>11.071,23 </small>CLN
<small>642,21 </small>NTS
<small>981,96 </small>NKH
<small>390.14 </small>PNN
<small>6478,91 </small>OTC
<small>1927.37 </small>CDG
<small>3.965.16 </small>TON
<small>55,73 </small>TIN
<small>23,94 </small>NTD
<small>219,66 </small>SON
<small>258.85 </small>MNC
<small>17,58 </small>PNK
<small>Bang 3 cho thay, k e t q u a d u b a o d e n n a m 2020 nhdm dft n d n g n g h i e p (NNP) g i a m 741,08 h a s o vdi 2015 va giam 1.227,18 h a so vdi n a m 2010, n h d m d f t phi n d n g n g h i e p (PNN) t a n g 748,23 h a n a m 2015 va tang 1.241,46 h a so vdi n a m 2010, n h d m d f t c h u a sir dung (CSD) g i a m 10,79 h a so vdi n a m 2015 va giam 18,37 ha so vol n a m 2010. Didu nay hofti toan p h u </small>
<small>h o p vdi xu thd c h u n g va dinh h u d n g p h f t trien kinh te x a hot, k e h o a c h s u d u n g dft cua h u y e n D d n g H u n g . </small>
<small>So s a n h k e t q u a d u bao vol dien tich q u y h o a c h s u d u n g dft nam 2020 cua h u y e n D d n g H u n g d u o c t h e hien d b a n g 4. </small>
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 7</span><div class="page_container" data-page="7"><i><b>Hmh 6. Ban do bidn ddng su dung dat huyen Ddng </b></i>
<b>Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 </b>
Hinh 6 cho thay, nhdm dat ndng nghiep co xu huong giam xudng trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 dat phi ndng nghiep cd xu hudng tang manh trong giai doan 2010 - 2015. Cd the thay, vdi dien tich dat ndng nghiep kha lon phan anh thuc trang huyen Ddng
<b>Bang 2. Ma trSn bidn ddng sir dung dat huySn Ddng Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015 </b>
Hung la mot vimg ddng bang phat men chu yeu ve ndng nghiep nhung do xu hirong cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda ma didn tich dat ndng nghiep co xu huong giam trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 va dien tich dat phi nong nghiep tang manh trong giai doan 2010 -2015. Dat chua su dung (CSD): Trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 dien tich dat chua sir dung da duoc dua vao su dung nhieu hon, phan dien tich dat chua sii dung duoc chuyen sang dat nong nghiep (NN) va dat phi ndng nghiep (PNN)
<b>3.4. Danh gid bi^n dpng su dung d^t ciia huy$n Ddng Hung giai doan 2010 - 2015. </b>
Tu ban dd bidn ddng sir dung dat duoc thanh lap bang ArcGIS tien hanh xay dung ma tran bidn ddng
<i>su dung dat dupe ket qua b bang 2. </i>
<small>STT 1 2 3 </small>
<i><small>5 </small></i>
<i><small>6 </small></i>
<small>7 8 9 10 11 12 13 </small>
<small>Ma CHN CLN NTS NKH OTC CDG TON TIN NTD SON MNC PiNK CSD COBg ting </small>
<small>CHN 12 705,84 </small>
<small>10.93 220,12 </small>
<small>l.SS </small>
<small>0,06 </small>
<small>0.46 </small>
<small>6,15 239,6 -613,57 </small>
<small>CLN 139.17 674,64 41,4S </small>
<small>0.10 </small>
<small>0.10 </small>
<small>180,85 144,54 </small>
<small>NTCH </small>
<small>173,33 22.53 7.72 39.74 </small>
<small>0.17 </small>
<small>0.06 </small>
<small>0.92 204,73 </small>
<small>203,23 OTC 45 7 2.11 2.91 0.07 1731.37 </small>
<small>1,35 </small>
<small>52,14 </small>
<small>51,28 CDG 414,34 </small>
<small>0.31 1.9S 1.15 0.S6 3074,7 </small>
<small>0.3 0,34 0.03 </small>
<small>12.67 </small>
<small>3 00 434,98 430,97 </small>
<small>TON 1,47 0,24 0,01 0,28 </small>
<small>39,26 0.29 </small>
<small>2,29 1,99 </small>
<small>TIN 0.90 0,09 0 24 </small>
<small>0.02 </small>
<small>22 7 </small>
<small>1,25 0,62 </small>
<small>NTD 14 96 </small>
<small>182,51 </small>
<small>14,96 14,87 </small>
<small>SON </small>
<small>216.15 0.70 </small>
<small>0,70 0,70 </small>
<small>MNC 0.49 </small>
<small>1 10 </small>
o.u
<small>35,14 </small>
<small>0.09 1,79 -13,09 </small>
<small>PNK </small>
<small>0.82 </small>
<small>1.17 4.67 5,49 5,49 </small>
<i>(Dm </i>
<small>CSD </small>
<small>2,73 0,10 </small>
<small>49,32 2,83 -12,0 </small>
<i><small>vUia) </small></i>
<small>COBg </small>
<small>853,17 36,31 275,56 1,50 0,86 4,01 0,30 0,63 0,09 0,00 14,SS 0,00 14,83 </small>
<i>Ghi chu: CHN: Dit tiong cay hang nam; CLN: Dit tiong cay lau nam; NTS: Dat nudi tivng thuy san; NKH: Dit ndng nghidp khac; OTC: Dit &. CDG: Dit chuyen dimg; TON: Dat tdn giao; TIN: Dat tin nguong; NTD: Dat nghia tiang, nghia dia; SON: Dit sdng ngdi, kenh rach; MNC: Dat cd mat nude chuydn dung; PNK: Dat phi ndng nghiep khac; CSD: Dit chua sd dung. </i>
Bang 2 cho thay: Trong khu vuc nghidn dat san xuat ndng nghiep giam 613,57 ha, dat trdng cay lau nam tang 144,54 ha, dat nudi trdng thuy san tang 73,34 ha, dat ndng nghiep khac tang 203,23 ha. Didn tieh dat ndng nghiep giam, duge chuyen cho nhdm
dat phi ndng nghiep, chii yeu la dat d (51,28 ha) va nhdm dat chuyen diing (430,97 ha).
Ket qua viec xay dung ban dd bien ddng sir dung dat va danh gia bien ddng su dung dat bang phan mem ArcGIS cho thay:
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 8</span><div class="page_container" data-page="8"><small>- Dat ndng nghidp giam 486,1 h a : D i e n tich dat ndng nghiep giam d u o e c h u y e n s a n g dat p h i n d n g nghiep chu yeu la dat a va n h o m dat c h u y e n d i m g . Trong tuong lai, x u h u d n g c d n g n g h i e p h d a , h i e n dai hda dien ra m a n h n h u n g van dd dat n d n g n g h i e p giam manh se tac ddng d e n n e n Idnh te h u y e n , do vay, viec giir can b a n g c o cau c a c n g a n h la dieu q u a n trpng. </small>
<small>- Dat p h i n d n g n g h i e p t a n g 493,23 h a : Dien tich </small>
<i><small>dat phi nong n g h i e p t a n g c h u ydu a n h d m d a t </small></i>
<small>chuyen dimg 430,97 h a n g u y e n n h a n do t r o n g giai doan 2010 -2015 c a e k h u c d n g n g h i e p , c u m c d n g nghiep tai h u y e n d u p e x a y d u n g n h i e u h o n va tai huyen da m o r d n g cac tuydn d u d n g g i a o t h d n g va xay dung cac d u d n g cap t h o a t n u d e p h u c vu c h o ngudi dan noi day. </small>
<small>- Dat chua sir d u n g g i a m 7,5 h a . </small>
<i><small>Hinh 7. K^t q u a d a n h gia b i d n d p n g d i e n tich cAc loai </small></i>
<small>d^t h u y e n D d n g H u n g giai d o ^ n 2010 - 2015 B a n g 3. K ^ t q u ^ d u b a o thay </small>
<i><small>K e t q u a n g h i e n c u u cho thay: Giai doan 2010 </small></i>
<small>-2015 c a c bidn d o n g v e c a c loai dat k h d n g q u a lon n h u n g n d t h e h i e n d u p e x u h u o n g bien d d n g dat dai t h e o x u h u d n g c h u y e n dich c o cau ciia n e n k i n h te g i a m ti t r p n g n o n g n g h i e p va t a n g ti t r p n g n g a n h c d n g n g h i e p , t h u o n g mai, dich vu. Cd t h e thay n a m 2010 la m p t m d c t r o n g thay ddi cua n e n k i n h te k h i m a n e n k i n h te n o n g n g h i e p giam dan cdn ndn k m h t e p h i n o n g n g h i e p t a n g cao. Bien d o n g dien tich c a c </small>
<i><small>loai dat a h u y e n D d n g H u n g giai doan 2010 - 2015 </small></i>
<small>d u p e t h e hien q u a h i n h 7. </small>
<small>Hinh 7 cho thay giai doan 210-2015 cac loai dat h u y e n D o n g H u n g tinh Tliai Binh deu cd x u h u d n g b i e n d d n g . T u y n h i e n , n h d m dat n o n g nghidp k h a c (NKH) cd s u bien d d n g Idn n h a t 1310%, va n h d m d^t </small>
<i><small>p h i n d n g n g h i d p k h a c (PNK) bien dpng 469,23% con </small></i>
<small>c a c loai dat k h a c bien d d n g t r o n g k h o a n g tir 7,5% den 26,77%. </small>
<small>3.5. D;r b t o b i ^ n d d n g sur d u n g d^t h u y e n D d n g H u n g giai doan 2010 - 2020 </small>
<small>S u d u n g t h u a t toan cua md h i n h iVIarkov (nhan m a tran) d e d u b a o bidn d p n g sii d u n g dat b a n g e a c h lay m a tran h i e n t r a n g s u d u n g dat n a m 2015 n h a n vdi m a tran xac suat thay doi s u d u n g dat t r o n g giai d o a n n a m 2010 - 2015 cd d u g c k e t q u a d u b a o bien d p n g sir d u n g dat d e n n a m 2020, k h i dd t h u d u g c k e t q u a d u bao t h a y ddi dien tich dat nam 2020 b a n g 3. </small>
<small>d6i di^n tich d^t n a m 2020 </small>
<i><small>(Dan viha) </small></i>
<small>Ma loai ilat Sen nam 2020 </small>
NNP
<small>13.085,54 </small>CHN
<small>11.071,23 </small>CLN
<small>642,21 </small>NTS
<small>981,96 </small>NKH
<small>390.14 </small>PNN
<small>6478.91 </small>OTC
<small>1927,37 </small>CDG
<small>3.965,16 </small>TON
<small>55,73 </small>TIN
<small>23,94 </small>NTD
<small>219,66 </small>SON
<small>258,85 </small>MNC
<small>17,.58 </small>PNK
<small>10,62 </small>CSI
<small>36,3 </small>
<i><small>Ghi chu: NNP: Nhom dit nong nghiep: CHN: Dit trong cay hang nain; CLN: Bit trong cay lau nam; NTS: Bit nuoi trong thiiy san; NKH: Bit nong nghiep khac; PNN: Nhom dit phi nong nghiip; OTC: Bit or CDG: Bit chuyen diing; TON: Bit ton giao; TIN: Dit tin nguong: NTD: Dat nghia trang, nghia dia; SON: Bat song ngoi, kinh rach; MNC: Dat co mat nuoc chuyin dimg; PNK Dat phi nong nghiip khiic; CSD: Dit chua su dung. </small></i>
<small>Bang 3 c h o thay, k e t q u a dir bao d e n n a m 2020 nhom dat n o n g n g h i e p (NNP) g i a m 741,08 h a s o vol 2015 va giam 1.227,18 h a so vm n a m 2010, n h o m dat phi nong n g h i e p (PNN) t a n g 748,23 h a n a m 2015 va tang 1.241,46 h a so voi n a m 2010, n h o m dat c h u a sii dung (CSD) g i a m 10,79 ha so vm n a m 2015 va giam 18,37 ha so voi n a m 2010. D i e u nay h o a n toan phii </small>
<small>h o p vol xu t h e c h u n g va dinh h u o n g phat trien k i n h te xa hoi, k e h o a c h sir d u n g dat ciia huyen D o n g H u n g . </small>
<small>So s a n h k e t q u a d u bao ven dien tich q u y h o a c h sir d u n g dat n a m 2020 ciia h u y e n D o n g H u n g d u g c t h e hien 6-bang 4. </small>
141
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 9</span><div class="page_container" data-page="9">Ma dat NNP PNN CSD
<b>Bang 4. So sanh k^t qua du bao va dien tich quy hogch </b>
Dien tich du bao (ha) 13.085.54
6.478,91 36,33
Dien tich quy hoach (ha) den nam 2020 13.086,17
6.478,99
<small>37,77 </small>
<i>Ghi chu: NNP: Nhdm dat ndng nghiep; PNN: Nhdm dit phi ndng nghiep; CSD: Dat chua sudung. </i>
13.085,54 ha, nhdm d^t phi nong nghiep 6.478,91 ha. nhom dat chua su dung 36,33 ha.
Viec xac dinh duoc bien dpng dat dai trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 va du doan xu hudng bien dong dat dai trong giai doan toi cd vai fro quan frpng hx)ng viec quy hoach su dung dat hop ly, phuc vu muc hdu phat men kinh te xa hpi cua huyen Ddng Hung frong giai doan tidp theo.
Chudi Markov du bao kha chinh xac tinh hinh bien ddng trong nhieu khoang thdi gian dai trong tuong lai dd cd cai nhin khach quan trong viec de xuat cac giai phap quy hoach su dung dat bdn viing. Qua do se hieu ro hon viec quy hoach va su dung dling hay khdng dung nguon tai nguyen dat dai co anh huong rat lon den kinh te xa hoi cua huydn ndi rieng va ca mdt qudc gia ndi chung.
<small>TAI LIEU THAM KHAO </small>
1. Bd Tai nguydn va Mdi truong (2007). Thdng Ur 08/2007/TT - BTNMT quy dinh ve thdng ke, kiem ke dat dai, dieu chinh va tham dinh quy hoach. ke hoach sii dung dat.
2. Bp Tai nguydn va Moi trudng (2014). Tiiong tu 28/2014/Tr - BTNMT quy dinh ve thdng kd, kiem ke dat dai, dieu chinh va tham dinh quy hoach, ke hoach sit dung dat.
3. Markov
4. Huynh Van Chuong, Chau Vo Trung Thdng, Huynh Cdng Hung (2017). Ung dung GIS frong nghidn ciiu va du bao bidn ddng su dung dat tai thanh pho Nha Trang, tinh Khanh Hda.
5. Tran Trpng Diic (2010). Ung dung GIS quan ly Iich su bien ddng cua thtra. Tap chi Phat trien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe. Trudng Dai hpc Bach khoa, Dai hoe Qudc gia thanh phd Hd Chi Minh,
6. Le Thi Thu Ha (2016). Nghien ciiu bien ddng su dung dat trong mdi quan hd vdi mot sd yeu td nhan khau hoc thupc khu vuc huyen Giao Thuy, tinh Nam Dinh. Luan an tidn sy ky thuat, Truong Dai hoc Md - Dia chat
Bang 4 eho tiiay, theo ket qua du bao den nam 2020, dien tich dat ndng nghiep la 13.085,54 ha, dien tich dat phi ndng nghiep la 6.478,91 ha, dien tich dat chua su dung la 36,33 ha. Nhu vay, ddn nam 2020 huyen Ddng Hung tiep tuc cd su chuyen dich eo cau stf dung dat theo hudng tich cue tii nhom dat nong nghiep sang dat phi ndng nghiep va giam dan phan dien tich dat chua sii dung. Khi so sanh dien tich dat nam 2020 tinh dupe qua chudi Markov vdi didn tich quy hoach nam 2020 eua huyen Ddng Hung thay ket qua tinh toan cd dp chinh xac > 96% nen cd the ket luan sd lieu du doan nam 2020 cd the sii dung de du doan xu the trong tuong lai. Chudi Markov cho thay ket qua du bao nhu cau sir dung dat kha chinh xac, trong khoang thdi gian dai va la mpt cong cu giup cac nha hoanh dinh, su dung dat trong tuong lai cd cai nhin khach quan trong viec de xuat cac giai phap quy hoach sir dung dat ben viing.
<small>4 . KET LUAN </small>
Kdt qua nghien ciiu da ling dung duoc eong nghe GIS trong danh gia hien trang su dung dat nam 2010, 2015 va sii dung md hinh chudi Markov trong danh gia, du bao bidn ddng sir dung dat huyen Dong Hung, tinh Thai Binh den nam 2020.
Da ling dung cong nghe GIS trong viec chdng xep va xay dung ban do bien dpng dat dai giai doan 2010 - 2015 ket qua cho thay ed sir bien ddng giiia eac nhdm dat. Cu the: didn tich dat ndng nghiep giam tir 14.312,72 ha nam 2010 xudng cdn 13.826,62 ha nam 2015, dien tich dat phi ndng nghiep tang tir 5.237,45 ha nam 2010 len 5.730,68 ha nam 2015 va dien tich dat chua su dung giam tii 54,7 ha xudng cdn 47,2 ha, dieu nay hoan toan phu hop vdi su chuyen dich co cau sir dung dat va phat trien kinh te dia phuong.
Da ung dung chudi Markov trong du bao xu hudng bien ddng su dung dat giai doan 2010 - 2020 ket qua cho thay den nam 2020 dien tieh du bao nhu cau su dung ciia cac nhdm dat huyen Dong Hung, tinh Thai Binh cu the; Nhdm dat ndng nghiep la
</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 10</span><div class="page_container" data-page="10">7. Nguyfen Kun Loi (2005). Ung dung chu6i 9. http;//climmatechangegis.blogspot.com/201 Markov va GIS trong viec danh gia di^n bien su dung 2/04/5-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-gis_9349.html/ dat Trong ky y^u hoi thao ilng dung GIS toan quoc JQ p|,j,„g -j-ai nguyen mm frucmg huyen Dong
<i><b>2011. Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh. Nha xuat ban Nong [j„j,g (2014). Bao cao thong kt dat dai huyen Dong </b></i>
nghitp Hung, tinh Thai Binh nam 2014. 8. Quoc hoi (2013). Luat Dat dai Viet Nam
<i><b>Keywords: GIS, land use land cover change map, Markov cham models. </b></i>
<b>NguM phan b i t a TS. D6 Van Thanh Ngiynhln hai; 5/4/2019 Ng4y thdng qua phan bita: 6/5/2019 NgSy duySt dang: 13/5/2019 </b>
<b>14& </b>
</div>