Assignment on translation - Báo cáo thực tập dịch ehou Đại học mở hà nội, chủ Đề economy 2

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ĐỊA ĐIỂM HỌC: Trường Cao đẳngCôngThươngViệt Nam

HÀ NỘI 2022

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<b><small>Title: </small>CURRENT NEWS (SOCIETY (LANGUAGE, POLITICS))</b>

My declaration is that this assignment is written all by myself under strictmonitering from my supervisor.

Ha Noi, 6<small>th</small>March, 2022

<i>SignatureSignature</i>

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<b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b>

<b>Part A: IntroductionPart B: Development</b>

<b>Chapter 1: The translated texts</b>

<i><b>I. The translated texts of the two articles (From English into Vietnamese)</b></i>

<b> 1. Article 1:Jerome Powell: The US central bank’s boss has indicated that he plans to press ahead with interest rate increases this month.</b>

1.1 Translated text1.2 Analysis

1.2.1 Contextual analysis1.2.2 Grammatical Cohesion1.2.3 Lexical cohesion

<b>2. Article 2: Cost of living: Warning UK faces biggest income squeeze in nearly 50 years</b>

2.1 Translated text2.2 Analysis

2.2.1 Contextual analysis2.2.2 Grammatical Cohesion2.2.3 Lexical cohesion

<i><b>II.The translated texts of the two articles (From Vietnamese into English)</b></i>

<b>1. Article 3: Thịtrườngnộiđịa: HàngViệtphảichinhphụcngườiViệt</b>

1.1 Translated text

<b>2. Article 4: Đắtđỏvàrủiro</b>

2.1 Translated text

<b>Chapter 2: Comment on translations</b>

<b>I. Text 1:Jerome Powell: The US central bank’s boss has indicated that he plans topress ahead with interest rate increases this month</b>

1. Comments

2. Difficulties in translation

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<b>II. Text 2: Cost of living: Warning UK faces biggest income squeeze in nearly 50years</b>

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<i><b>PART A: INTRODUCTION</b></i>

Economic growth is what every economy tries to achieve for the good of everyone as awhole. Developing, producing more, increased wages, higher levels of education,better and better technologies is what we strive for. But doing all that, does that meanthat we are living a better life? Or is it just the ideal of doing better, not really theresult that keeps us following the dream of a perfect world. The effects of economicgrowth are full of positives points such as boost in infrastructures, urban development,higher education, globalisation, creates employment, higher wages for workers, betterliving standards for the population, and the list can go on and on. But aren’t there anyexternalities to all of this? There are some of the negative externalities of growingabove what the economy can take, reaching the limits where growing is counter-productive.

Competition plays a significant and regular role in balancing the chain of supply anddemand. Economists assert that there are different sellers and buyers in the marketplace for each service and this difference paves the way for competition that allowsprices to change as a response to change in demand and supply. Competition is acrucial need for invisible hands to maintain a balance in economy. There is an exampleof primitive society with two products, i.e. deer and beaver to explain hisunderstanding. In current scenario, it can be asserted that competition is a healthyapproach to some extent, taking into account that it has both advantages andadversities.In a simplified form, classical economists define competition as a rivalrous,equilibrating and an endless process. In this competitive process, the actual prices ofthe goods are attracted to natural prices, taking into account that the overall rate ofprofit displaces towards normal analogues. It strengthens the free mobility of capitals.It is significant to note that Classical economic analysis highlights and adheres to erectcompetition, taking into amount Amit’s trifling example: where an ever-presentpressure to cut the costs per unit will increase productivity by keeping intoconsideration the division of labor. Furthermore, Classical approach towards economyasserts advantageous employment where an individual is given prime importance

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rather than society. This advantage is derived from natural association rather thannecessity.

<b>PART B: DEVELOPMENT</b>

<b>CHAPTER 1: THE TRANSLATED TEXTS</b>

<b>I. The translated texts of the two articles (From English intoVietnamese)</b>

<i><b>1. Article 1:Jerome Powell:The US central bank’s boss has indicated that</b></i>

<i><b>he plans to press ahead with interest rate increases this month.</b></i>

Congress, Jerome Powell said he's in favourof a 0.25 point increase, aimed at tackling the surging cost of living.The bank

chobiếtôngủnghộmứctănglãisuất0,25 điểmphầntrăm, nhằmgiảiquyết chiphísinhhoạtđangtăngcao.

thừanhậnrằngơngsẵnsàngtiếptụctănglãisuấtxuốngthấphơnnữanếulạmphát,vốnđolườngmứcđộtăngnhanhcủa chi phísinhhoạttheothờigian, vẫn"caoliêntục."

Ý tưởngtănglãisuấtlàđểkiểmsốtmứctănggiáhiệntạivàdựđốn.

Vídụ, lãisuấtcaohơnlàmchoviệcđivayđắthơn. Đốivớicáchộgiađình,điềuđócóthểcónghĩalà chi phíthếchấpcaohơn, mặcdù - đốivớiđạiđa số

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is under pressure to rein ininflation as prices in the USrise at the fastest rate in 40years.Analysts expect a rate hike in

March, which would bethe first since 2018.It comes as costs for food, fuel and cars haverisen sharply in recent months, leaving

Ơngnói: “Lạmphátmàchúng ta đangtrải qua chẳngkhácgìnhữnggìchúng tađãtrải qua trongnhiềuthậpkỷ.

Khi bắtđầuđạidịch, CụcDựtrữLiên bang đãgiảmlãisuấtxuống 0

Nhưngmộtloạtcácvấnđề, chẳnghạnnhưnhucầucaonhưhạnchếdễdàng,thiếulaođộngvàcácvấnđềchuỗicungứngđãdẫnđếnviệctănggiávốnhànghóanóiriêng.

kếtgiảithíchnhữnggìcácnhàhoạchđịnhchínhsáchđanglàmvàtạivìnhữnggìđãxảyratrongcuộckhủnghoảngtàichínhnăm 2008.

đãđiệnbáorõràngnhữnggìơngmuốnlàmtạicuộchọptiếptheocủangânhàngtrungươngtronghaituần: đềxuấttănglãisuất0,25điểmphầntrăm, đồngthời dichuyểncẩnthậnvàtheodõicáctácđộngkinhtếcủachiếntranh ở Ukraine.

đãphảiđốimặtvớimộtcơngviệckhókhănkhicốgắngkiềmchếlạmpháttăngvọt.

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families' budgets strained.Mr Powell admitted that he was opento furtherinterest rate increasesfurther down theline if inflation,which measureshow quickly the cost of living rises over time, remains "persistently high."The idea of raising

Mộtloạtcácđợttănglãisuấtđãđượcdựkiến trongnăm nay.

Cuộcxâmlượccókhảnănglàmsuyyếutăngtrưởngtồncầuđồngthờiđẩygiácảlên, đặcbiệtlànănglượngvàthựcphẩm.

chorằngcáchtiếpcậnthậntrọnglàtốtnhấtvàđặttấtcảcácqnbàicủamìnhlênbàn.

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interest rates is to keep those current and predictedprice rises under control.Higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive, for example.For households, that could mean higher mortgagecosts, although - for the vast

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majority of homeowners - theimpact isnot immediate, and some will escape it entirely.Many central banks, includingthe Federal Reserve in the US, aim to keep inflation contained at 2%.Mr Powell acknowledged that priceincreases

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have jumped far abovethat target. InJanuary, the increase in the cost of living jumped by 7.5% when compared with a year earlier."The inflation that we're experiencing is just nothing like anything we've experienced in

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decades," he said.At the start of the pandemic, the Federal Reserve slashed rates to zero in a bid to stimulatespendingand the economyat a time when many sectors were shut-down.But a mix of issues, such as high demand

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as restrictions ease, labour shortagesand supply chain problemshave led to

increasesin the cost of goods in particular.

The chairmanof

America's central bank Jerome Powell has madeit a point during his tenure oftrying to

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demystify what the Federal Reserve does. He is

committed to explaining what policymakers are doing and why because of what happened during the 2008 financial crisis.Even by those standards, he was unusually blunt during his semi-

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annual Congressional testimony.

Mr Powell telegraphing explicitlywhat he wants to do at the central bank's next meeting in two weeks: proposing a quarter percentage point rate increase, while moving carefully and

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watchingthe economic

implications of war in Ukraine.Even before Russia's invasion,the Fed had a tough jobon its hands trying to tame soaring inflation.A series of rate hikes were already expected this year.But the conflict

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in Ukraine has complicated that job. The invasion is likely to undermine globalgrowth while pushing up prices, especially for energy and food.Given the uncertainty, Mr Powell istaking the view that a cautious approachis best

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and is putting all his cards on the table.

<i><b>1.2.2 Grammatical Cohesion* Reference </b></i>

<i><b>For households, that could mean higher mortgage costs, although - for the</b></i>

vast majority of homeowners - the impact is not immediate, and some willescape it entirely”

<i><b>In this sentence, that refers to higher interest rates</b></i>

<i><b>E.g.2: “The chairman of America's central bank Jerome Powell has made it</b></i>

a point during his tenure of trying to demystify what the Federal Reserve

<i><b>does. He is committed to explaining what policymakers are doing and why</b></i>

because of what happened during the 2008 financial crisis.”

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<i><b>In this sentence, he refers to the chairman of America's central bank Jerome</b></i>

<i><b>E.g.3: “Analysts expect a rate hike in March, which would be the first since</b></i>

<i><b>2018. It comes as costs for food, fuel and cars have risen sharply in recent</b></i>

months, leaving families' budgets strained.”

<i><b>In this case, itrefers to a rate hike</b></i>

<i><b>* Substitutions</b></i>

<i><b>E.g. 1: “In January, the increase in the cost of living jumped by 7.5% when</b></i>

<i><b>compared with one a year earlier.”</b></i>

<i><b>In this case, onereplace for “the increase in the cost of living”</b></i>

<i><b>* Conjunctions:</b></i>

Many conjunctions are used in text as the following examples:

<i><b>E.g.1: but in “But the conflict in Ukraine has complicated that job”</b></i>

<i><b>ease, labour shortages and supply chain problems have led to increases in the</b></i>

cost of goods in particular”

<i><b>Eg.3: because, andin “He is committed to explaining what policymakers are</b></i>

<i><b>doing and why because of what happened during the 2008 financial crisis”</b></i>

<i><b>1.2.3 Lexical cohesion* Repetition:</b></i>

<b>E.g.1: the cost of living (3) E.g.2:inflation (3)</b>

<b>E.g.3: price rises (2)E.g.3: interest rates (3)</b>

<b>E.g.1: surging = increase = rise = soarE.g.2: cost = price</b>

<i>The words: inflation, interest rates, central bank, cost of goods, price,</i>

<i>financial crisis…are repeated many times to emphasize topic: economy</i>

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<i><b>2.Article 2: Cost of living: Warning UK faces biggest income squeeze in </b></i>

<i><b>nearly 50 years</b></i>

<b>2.1 Translatedtext</b>

<i><b>Cost of living: Warning UK faces biggest income squeeze in nearly 50years.</b></i>

<i><b>Chi phísinhhoạt: CảnhbáoVươngquốc Anh </b></i>

<i><b>đốimặtvớimứcthunhậplớnnhấttronggần 50 năm qua</b></i>

War in Ukraine will push up energyprices andsee UK families squeezed even further, a think tankhas warned.The Resolution

Foundation

forecasts that a typical household's income

Chiếntranh ở Ukraine sẽđẩygiánănglượnglêncaovàchứngkiến cácgiađình ởVươngquốc Anh bịsiếtchặthơnnữa, mộttổchứcnghiêncứuđãcảnhbáo.

TổchứcNghịquyếtdựbáorằngthunhậpcủamộthộgiađìnhđiểnhìnhsẽgiảmkhoảng 1.000 bảng Anh trongnăm nay khitácđộngcủalạmphátđượctínhđến.Đósẽlàmứcgiảmthunhậptheođiềukiệnthựctếlớnnhấtkểtừgiữanhữngnăm1970, nónóithêm.

Nhưngtrongmộtbáocáomới, TổchứcNghịquyếtchobiếtxungđột Ukraine

"Sựphụchồikinhtếsau Covid củaVươngquốc Anh đangdiễnratốtđẹp,

đồngthờicảnhbáorằngtiềnlươngcũngkhôngđượcdựbáosẽtăngnhanh.

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will fall by about £1,000 this year once the effect of inflation is

That would be the biggest real-termsfall in incomes since the mid-1970s, it added.A

government

spokesperson said itrecognised the pressures household

giádầuvàkhíđốttồncầutăngđộtbiếntừnămngốibắtđầuảnhhưởngđếnhóađơnnănglượngcủachúngtơivàgiớihạngiánănglượngtăngvọt. Bạnnêncómột tinnhắntừnhàcungcấpcủabạnbâygiờgiảithíchnhữnggìđangxảyravớihóađơncụthểcủabạnvàcảnhbáovềviệctăngkhoảnghinợtrựctiếpcủabạn.

Điềuđósẽđủkhóđốivớinhiềuhộgiađình, nhưngchúngtôihiệnđangchứngkiến mứcgiákỷlụctạicáctrạmxăngdầu do chiếntranh ở Ukraine.TổchứcNghịquyếtcũngcảnhbáorằngcuộcxungđộtsẽkhiếngiácảtăngthêm,vớilạmphátđạtđỉnhcùngthờiđiểmkhigiớihạngiátănglên.

hầuhếtcáckhoảntrợcấptrongđộtuổilaođộngvàlươnghưucủanhànướcsẽtăng3,1% vàotháng 4 - thờiđiểmmàmứctăng chi phísinhhoạtcóthểlêntới 8%.

Torsten Bell, giámđốcđiềuhànhcủaQuỹNghịquyết, chobiết:"Mặcdùảnhhưởngkinhtếtừchiếntranhsẽchothấykhôngđángkể sovớinhữngđaukhổmàhàngtriệungười Ukraine phảitrải qua,nhưngnóvẫnsẽcótácđộngđángkể ở Anh."

Ơngchorằnggiáxăngvàdầutăngcaosẽlàmtrầmtrọngthêm "cuộckhủnghoảngchi phísinhhoạt", gâyra "sựsiếtchặtđángkểđốivớithunhậpcủacácgiađình".Ngườiphátngơncủachínhphủchobiết:

"Chúngtơinhậnranhữngáplựcmàmọingườiđangphảiđốimặtvới chiphísinhhoạt, đólàlý do tạisaochúngtơiđangcungcấphỗtrợtrịgiákhoảng 20tỷbảng Anh trongnămtàichínhnàyvàtiếptheolàđểgiúpđỡ."

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s are facing.Many families were already expectingtheir monthly spend to go up when the energy price cap jumps in April, andNational Insurancecontributions rise.But in a new report, theResolution

Foundation said the Ukraine conflict would

Họchobiếtđiềunày bao gồmthuếnhiênliệuđóngbăngđểgiảm chi phí,cũngnhưkhởiđộngchươngtrìnhgiảmgiáhóađơnnănglượng.

Họnóithêm: “Chúngtơicũngđãtăngmứclươngtốithiểulênhơn 1.000bảngmộtnămchongườilaođộngtồnthờigianvàQuỹhỗtrợhộgiađìnhtrịgiá500

triệubảngcủachúngtơiđanggiúpđỡnhữngngườidễbịtổnthươngnhấtvớicácchi phíthiếtyếu”.

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push up living costs even further as the prices of fuel and other goods surged.It expects inflation, which measures how the cost of living changes over time,to peak inApril at 8.3%. That is much higher theBank of England's forecast of 7.25% back in

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February."The crisis in Ukraine has increased both the scale of price risesbut also the degree of uncertainty about their levels andduration,"the Foundation's report said."The UK's post-Covid economicrecovery is well under

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way, but a deep living standards downturn is just getting going," it added, also warning that wages arenot forecast to grow particularly fast either.At the start of April, spikes in global oil and gas prices from last year start to feed through

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to our energy bills and the energy price cap jumps up.You should have had a messagefrom yourprovider by now explaining what's happening to your particular bill and warning about an increase to your direct debit.That will be hard enough for many household

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s, but we're alsonow seeing record prices at petrol stations due to thewar in Ukraine. The Resolution

Foundation is also warning the conflict will bringmore price rises, withinflation peaking at the same point as the price cap goes up.

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Its principal economist, Adam Cortlett, said soaring bills would hit low and middle-income families the hardest.He also suggestedpoorer households would face a "living standards rollercoaster" because of the way that benefit payments

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are set months inadvance.For example, most working age benefits and the state pension are due torise by 3.1% in April - a time when the increase in the costof living could be as high as8%. But high inflation in 2022 should lead to bigger payments

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next year.Torsten Bell, chief executive of the Resolution

Foundation, said: "While the economicfallout from the war will feel trivial comparedto the suffering experienced by millions of

Ukrainians, it will still have a

significan

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t impact in Britain."He suggestedthat surging gas and oil prices would worsen the "cost of living crisis", causing a "painful squeeze on family incomes".A

government

spokesperson said: "We recognise the

pressures people are facing

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with the cost of living, which is why we'reprovidingsupport worth around £20bn this financial year and next to help."They saidthis includes freezing fuel duties to keep costs down, as well as launchingenergy bills rebate program

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