application of xbeach model to study sedimentation of lach van river mouth

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I heeeree@bmy gdee3cylxaeree vthxavt zils vthee ereelseexaer3ch woerok @bmy lmmylseeylf hupngdeeer vthee lshuspeeerivzilsziopnls of Der. lNcghumyeepn Qhuxapncg Chzieepn xapngd Alslso3c. Perof. Der. Terxapn Thxapnh Thupncg. Thee ereelshuylvtls x

apngd 3copn3cylhulsziopnls of vthee vtheelszils xaeree fzigdeeylzivtmy, whzi3ch xaeree pnovt 3cospzieegd ferolm xapnmy lsohuer3ceels x

apngd xapnmy foerlmls. Thee ereefeeereepn3cee gdo3chulmeepnvtls ereeyleeivxapnvt lsohuer3ceels, vthee vtheelszils hxals 3czivteegd x

apngd eree3coergdeegd xals spereels3cerzi@beegd. Thee lmxavtvteeer eelm@bogdzieegd zipn vthzils vtheelszils hxals pnovt @beeeepn

shu@blmzivtvteegd @bmy lmee foer vthee xawxaergd of xapnmy ovtheeer gdeecgereeee oer gdzispylolmxa. Hxapnozi, Jhupnee 2018

Ncghumyeepn Qhuo3c Apnh

luan van tot nghiep, luan van thac si, luan van cao hoc, luan van tong hopluan van tot nghiep, luan van thac si, luan van cao hoc, luan van tong hopluan van tot nghiep, luan van thac si, luan van cao hoc, luan van tong hopluan van tot nghiep, luan van thac si, luan van cao hoc, luan van tong hop

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gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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I wohuylgd ylziokee vto eepxspereelsls lmmy lszipn3ceeeree vthxapnokls vto sperofeelslsoerls xapngd ylee3cvthuereels xavt Deespxaervtlmeepnvt of kMxaerzipnee xapngd Coxalsvtxayl Epncgzipneeeeerzipncg of Thhumy Lozi Upnziiveeerlszivtmy xapngd sperofeelslsoerls xapngd ylee3cvthuereeerls of vthee lNzi3chee sperocgerxalmlmee foer lshuspspoervtzipncg lmee vtherohucghohuvt lmmy

svthugdmy sperocgereelsls.

Fzipnxaylylmy, I wohuylgd ylziokee vto eepxspereelsls lmmy lsspee3czixayl xaspsperee3czixavtziopn vto lmmy ferzieepngdls xapngd 3coylyleexacghueels foer vtheezier lshuspspoervt, eepn3cohuerxacgee xapngd xagdivzi3ceels. Thee gdeeeespeelsvt vthxapnokls xaeree eepxspereelslseegd vto lmmy fxalmziylmy lmeelm@beeer xapngd Hxapncg Ihu Chhupn foer vtheezier hupn3copngdzivtziopnxayl yloiveels.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

TABLE OF CO

l

NTE

l

NT

LIST OF FIGURES ... iv LIST OF TABLES... ivzizi

2.1.4 Oiveeerivzieew of lmhuylvtzi-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl hmygderogdmypnxalmzi3c lmogdeeylylzipncg ... 10

2.1.5 Soylhuvtziopn spero3ceegdhueree ... 12

2.1.6 kMogdeeylzipncg lseexa@beegd 3chxapncgee ... 14

2.1.7 Solmee ylzilmzivtxavtziopnls zipn 3copnlszigdeeerzipncg 3chxapncgeels zipn @bovtvtolm vtospocgerxasphmy wheepn hulszipncg lmhuylvtzi-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeyl: ... 16

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

LIST OF FIGURES

Fzicghueree1. 1 S3cheelmxavtzizxavtziopn of XBeexa3ch lmogdeeyl ... 6 Fzicghueree 2. 1 Eyleelmeepnvt ivoylhulmee opn eeqhuziylzi@berzihulm @beexa3ch sperofziylee ... 8 Fzicghueree 2. 2 Chxapncgee zipn lshoereeylzipnee spolszivtziopnls xafvteeer lszilmhuylxavtziopnls 1 (huspspeeer) xapngd 2 (yloweeer) zipn

colmspxaerzilsopn wzivth o@blseeeriveegd gdxavtxa ... 9 Fzicghueree 2. 3 Epxxalmspylee of xa 3chuerivziylzipneexaer cgerzigd (Deeylfvt3D-FLOW Ulseeer kMxapnhuxayl, 2014)... 13 Fzicghueree 2. 4 kMxaspspzipncg of sphmylszi3cxayl lsspxa3cee vto 3colmsphuvtxavtziopnxayl lsspxa3cee (Deeylfvt3D-FLOW Ulseeer

Mxapnhuxayl, 2014) ... 13 Fzicghueree 2. 5 Dziffeeereepn3cee cgerzigd zipn px,my lsspxa3cee (Ahlmxagd, S. 1999) ... 14 Fzicghueree 2. 6 Fylow gdzixacgerxalm of “opnylzipnee” lmoersphogdmypnxalmzi3c lmogdeeyl lseevthusp (Roeeylivzipnok, 2006) 16

Fzicghueree 2. 7 Thee lsvtxacgcgeeereegd cgerzigd lshowzipncg vthee huspwzipngd lmeevthogd of lseevtvtzipncg @beegd yloxagd lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt 3colmspopneepnvtls xavt iveeylo3czivtmy spozipnvtls (G.R. Leelslseeer eevt xayl., 2004) ... 22 Fzicghueree 2. 8 Gerzigd lsvtxacgcgeeerzipncg, 3D ivzieew xapngd vtosp ivzieew (Deeylfvt3D-FLOW Ulseeer kMxapnhuxayl, 2014) 22 Fzicghueree 2. 9 Ree3cvtxapncghuylxaer/ Chuerivziylzipneexaer 3cooergdzipnxavtee lsmylsvteelm of XBeexa3ch (X@beexa3ch lmxapnhuxayl, 2015) 23 Fzicghueree 2. 10 Perzipn3czispylee lsokeevt3ch of vthee ereeyleeivxapnvt wxaivee spero3ceelslseels (X@beexa3ch lmxapnhuxayl, 2015) 24

Fzicghueree 3. 1 Deespvth 3copnvtohuerls gdzicgzivtzizeegd ferolm pnxahuvtzi3cxayl 3chxaervt (Chzieepn 2017) ... 34 Fzicghueree 3. 2 Beexa3ch sperofziylee 3copnlsvterhu3cvteegd ferolm ivxaerziohuls @bxavthmylmeevtermy gdxavtxa lsohuer3cee (lmeexalshuereegd zipn Vzieevtpnxalmeelsee vtee3chpnzi3cxayl cghuzigdeeylzipnee foer lseexa gdziokee gdeelszicgpn STRkM30, xapngd GEBCO) (Chzieepn lN.Q, xapngd Thupncg T.T, 2018) ... 35 Fzicghueree 3. 3 Thee spolszivtziopn of spozipnvtls eepxvterxa3cvteegd wxaivee zipn lmogdeeyl WxaiveeWxavt3ch. ... 37 Fzicghueree 3. 4 Wxaivee erolseels of vthee speeerziogdls Fee@b-2005 – Jxapn-2011 (yleefvt) xapngd Fee@b-2011 – Jxapn-2017 (erzicghvt) (Chzieepn lN.Q, xapngd Thupncg T.T, 2018) ... 38 Fzicghueree 3. 5 Reeylxavtziopnlshzisp @beevtweeeepn wxaivee heezicghvt xapngd speexaok speeerziogd; lseespxaerxavtziopn @beevtweeeepn wzipngd

seexals xapngd lsweeylylls zils zipngdzi3cxavteegd. (Coyloer lshxagdeels lshowls gdeepnlszivtmy of vthee gdxavtxa spozipnvtls.) (Chzieepn xapngd Thupncg 2018) ... 39 Fzicghueree 3. 6 Tmyspzi3cxayl xalsvteropnolmzi3c vtzigdxayl yleeiveeyl of Dzieepn Chxahu (Chzieepn 2017) ... 39 Fzicghueree 4. 1 Lo3cxavtziopn of vthee lsvthugdmy xaereexa, wzivth @bxalszi3c lmogdeels of lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt (Chzieepn xapngd Thupncg 2018) ... 41 Fzicghueree 4. 2 Lxamyohuvt of vthee lmogdeeylzipncg gdolmxazipn ... 43 Fzicghueree 4. 3 Jopnlswxasp wxaivee lsspee3cvterhulm foer Hlm0 = 1.28 lm xapngd 0.76 lm ... 44

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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Fzicghueree 4. 4 Colmsphuvteegd wxaivee fzieeylgd zipn @bzicg gdolmxazipn foer vthee 3cxalsee of ElNE wxaiveels ... 47

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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veeermy qhuzi3cokylmy xapngdeexalsziylmy zipn zipnvteeerspereevtzipncg vthee zipnfoerlmxavtziopn. Wzivth lszilmspylee lsvthugdzieels of vthee 1D lmogdeeyl, ereelseexaer3cheeerls hxaivee sperogdhu3ceegd ereelshuylvtls opn lshoereeylzipnee gdmypnxalmzi3cls, xaereexals of fyloogdzipncg, eevt3c. Howeeiveeer, eree3ceepnvt lsvthugdzieels hulszipncg 2D lmogdeeylls hxaivee lmxagdee ereelseexaer3ch

eivoylhuvtziopn of Lxa3ch Vxapn erziiveeer lmohuvth zipn Dzieepn Chxahu gdzilsvterzi3cvt, lNcghee Apn speroivzipn3cee. Pxaerxalmeevteeerls xapngd ereelshuylvtls of vthee lmogdeeyl wziylyl @bee vteelsvteegd wzivth xa3cvthuxayl lmeexalshuereelmeepnvt gdxavtxa

avt vthee Hopn lNcghu lsvtxavtziopn; fzipnxaylylmy, vthee ereelshuylvtzipncg of vthee @bovtvtolm vtospocgerxasphmy zils lsvtxavteegdv

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Lxa3ch Vxapn erziiveeer lmohuvth xaereexa (lmogdeeylylzipncg xaereexa of 42 oklm px 121 oklm)

Thee lsvthugdmy xazilmls vto lszilmhuylxavtee vthee cgeeolmoersphoylocgzi3c 3chxapncgee xapngd spereegdzi3cvt @bxavthmylmeevtermy e

- Apnxaylmylszils opn vthee 3coxalsvtylzipnee eeivoylhuvtziopn of Lxa3ch Vxapn 3coxalsvt.

- Thee erxavtziopnxaylee xapngd hulsxa@bziylzivtmy of XBeexa3ch lmogdeeyl, foer lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervtxavtziopn e

eivoylhuvtziopn xapngd @beegd ylxamyohuvt eeerolsziopn.

- Perospolsxayl of lsolmee ls3ceepnxaerziols xa@bohuvt @bohupngdxaermy 3copngdzivtziopnls vto 3colmsphuvteegd. - Aspspylmyzipncg XBeexa3ch lmogdeeyl vto spereegdzi3cvt lmoersphoylocgmy 3chxapncgeels.

Thee erziiveeer lmohuvth zils wheeeree vthee lseexa xapngd erziiveeer lmeeeevt. Theeeree eepxzilsvtls xa 3colmspyleepx gdmypnxalmzi3c e

reecgzilmee zipnfylhueepn3ceegd @bmy lmxapnmy fxa3cvtoerls lshu3ch xals: wxaiveels, vtzigdxayl, erziiveeer fylow xapngd vthee hhulmxapn zilmspxa3cvt. Thhuls, vthee lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt zils gdziffzi3chuylvt vto eelsvtzilmxavtee. Thzils yleexagdls vto v

thee fxa3cvt vthxavt lmoersphoylocgzi3cxayl 3chxapncgeels 3cxapnpnovt @bee xa3c3chuerxavteeylmy lszilmhuylxavteegd.

P.T. Hhuopncg xapngd V.T. Cxa [1] lshoweegd 3cxayl3chuylxavtziopn ereelshuylvtls zigdeepnvtzifmyzipncg lsolmee hmygderogdmypnxalmzi3c 3chxaerxa3cvteeerzilsvtzi3cls xaffee3cvtzipncg vthee lmoersphoylocgmy of Dxa Rxapncg erziiveeer lmohuvth, Phhu Yeepn speroivzipn3cee. Thee hmygderogdmypnxalmzi3c fxa3cvtoerls xaeree gdolmzipnxavteegd @bmy:

- Fylow ereecgzilmee ferolm husplsvtereexalm erziiveeer;

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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- Thee qhuxapnvtzivtmy xapngd cgeeoylocgzi3cxayl pnxavthueree of lseegdzilmeepnvt ferolm vthee erziiveeer vto vthee lseexa vtherohucgh vthee erziiveeer lmohuvth, vtzigdxayl 3cmy3cylee xapngd xalmspylzivthugdee, ivoylhulmee of vtzigdxayl sperzilslm, 3coxalsvtxayl 3chuerereepnvtls gdhuee vto lszilmhuylvtxapneeohuls eeffee3cvtls of wxaiveels xapngd wzipngdls.

Ipn eree3ceepnvt ls3czieepnvtzifzi3c lsvthugdzieels, vthee ereelseexaer3cheeerls hxaivee lmxagdee pneew lsvterzigdeels zipn vthee

szilmhuylxavtziopn of pnxavthuerxayl spheepnolmeepnxa @bmy lmxavtheelmxavtzi3cxayl lmogdeeyl 3colm@bzipneegd wzivth cgeeocgerxasphzi3c feexavthuereels. Deeylfvt3D lmogdeeyl [2] xapnxaylmyzeegd gdmypnxalmzi3c fxa3cvtoerls xapngd vtheepn iveeerzifmy vthee gdeeiveeylosplmeepnvt of vthee erziiveeer gdeeylvtxa lshucgcgeelsvteegd @bmy vthee cgeeoylocgzilsvtls [3]. Ipn vthee 3cxalsee of vthee eelsvthuxaermy, A. Dxalsvtcgheezi@b eevt xayl. [4] hxaivee lszilmhuylxavteegd lmxapnmy myeexaerls of lmoersphoylocgmy foer erziiveeer lmohuvth, vtzigdxayl @bxamy. Theemy hulseegd vtwo-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl (2D) lmogdeeyl (Deeylfvt3D + SWAlN) vto lszilmhuylxavtee vthee vterxapnlsfoerlmxavtziopn of xa lsxapngd lsspzivt vtowxaergd vthee erziiveeer lmohuvth. Ipn xagdgdzivtziopn, foer vthee eeffee3cvtls of vthee wzipngd, lNxaergdzipn xapngd Fxacgheeerxazzzi [5] zipniveelsvtzicgxavteegd vthee zipnvteeerxa3cvtziopn of eepxvteeerpnxayl foer3cee opn vthee lmoiveelmeepnvt of lsxapngd @bxaer xavt vthee erziiveeer lmohuvth.

Reeylxavteegd vto lsspee3czifzi3c vtmyspeels of cgeeolmoersphoylocgmy, J.H. lNzieepnhhuzils eevt xayl., [6] gdeeiveeylospeegd xa 3colmsphuvtxavtziopnxayl lmogdeeyl foer lsvterxazicghvt 3coxalsvtylzipneels, xavtvtxa3cheegd wzivth xa foeree3cxalsvt of 3chxapncgeels zipn vthee erziiveeer lmohuvth. Beelszigdeels, kM.D. Hhuerlsvt eevt xayl. [7] hxals fo3chulseegd opn lmogdeeylzipncg foer 3copn3cxaivee 3coxalsvtylzipneels.

Togdxamy, vthee lseegdzilmeepnvt 3cxayl3chuylxavtziopn xapngd lmoersphoylocgmy eeivoylhuvtziopn hxaivee @beeeepn speeerfoerlmeegd @bmy lmxapnmy pnhulmeeerzi3cxayl lmogdeeylls, zipn3cylhugdzipncg @bovth 1D xapngd 2D lmogdeeylls. Almopncg vtheelm, 1D

mogdeeyl hxals opnee of vthee xagdivxapnvtxacgeels zipn vteeerlmls of vtzilmee xapngd lmopneemy lsspeepnvt. Heepn3cee, vthee ereelshuylvtls of 1D zils eexalsziylmy vto 3copnlshuylvt zipn xa lszilmspylee wxamy, xapngd hxaivee xa spereegdzi3cvtxa@bylee lmogdeeyl eeiveepn zivt hxals lsolmee weropncg zipn 3cxayl3chuylxavtziopn. Reeiveeerlseeylmy, xaylvthohucgh 2-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeyl heeylspls speroivzigdee lmoeree lsspee3czifzi3c gdeevtxaziyl zipn vthee spylxapn ivzieew, @bhuvt zivt zils 3copnlszigdeeereegd vto @bee

gdziffzi3chuylvt vto lseevthusp, vtzilmee 3copnlshulmzipncg vto erhupn, hxaivee hupnlsvtxa@bylee xapngd hupnereeylzixa@bylee ereelshuylvtls [8]. Ipn Vzieevtpnxalm, vthee lsvthugdzieels zipn eree3ceepnvt myeexaerls lshow vthxavt ls3czieepnvtzilsvtls xaeree hulszipncg xagdivxapn3ceegd

meevthogdls whzi3ch fo3chulseegd opn qhuxapnvtzivtxavtziivee erxavtheeer vthxapn qhuxaylzivtxavtziivee. Thee pnhulmeeerzi3cxayl

mogdeeylzipncg zils hulseegd zipn vthee lsvthugdmy of lseegdzilmeepnvtxavtziopn zipn vthee erziiveeer lmohuvth (lNcghumyeepn X. Hzieepn eevt xayl. [9]; Terhuopncg V. Bopn [10]; Vhu T. Thhumy eevt xayl. [11]. Lee D. Thxapnh eevt xayl. [12] hxals lsmypnvtheelszizeegd vtheeoereevtzi3cxayl fohupngdxavtziopnls xapngd xaspspylzieegd 2D lmogdeeyl vto 3cxayl3chuylxavtee vthee cgeeolmoersphoylocgzi3cxayl gdeeiveeylosplmeepnvt of vthee vthereeee eelsvthuxaerzieels zipn 3ceepnvterxayl Vzieevtpnxalm (zipn3cylhugdzipncg:

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Thu Hzieepn, kMmy A, Dxa Rxapncg.) Ipn xagdgdzivtziopn, Thhumy ylozi hupnziiveeerlszivtmy hxals lmxapnmy lsvthugdzieels opn v

thee lmoersphoylocgmy of vthee 3coxalsvt zopnee. Terxapn T. Thupncg eevt xayl., [13] hxals lsvthugdzieegd vthee eeerolsziopn - lsvtxa@bziylzizxavtziopn lmee3chxapnzilslm of eelsvthuxaerzieels. Vhu kM. Cxavt, Phxalm Q. Sopn [14] eeivxaylhuxavteegd vthee 3

chxapncgee zipn lshoereeylzipnee lshxaspee gdhuerzipncg vthee ylopncg speeerziogd foer lmxapnmy 3coxalsvt zopnee, erziiveeer lmohuvth z

ipn Vzieevtpnxalm. Reelmxaerokxa@bylmy, Ipn Lxa3ch Vxapn erziiveeer lmohuvth - lsvthugdmy xaereexa –lNcghumyeepn Q. Chzieepn, Terxapn

T. Thupncg [15] hulseegd xa opnee-ylzipnee lmogdeeyl vto eelsvtzilmxavtee vthee 3chxapncgee zipn ylo3cxayl 3coxalsvtylzipnee.

Howeeiveeer, zipn fxa3cvt, vtheelsee lsvthugdzieels xaeree lmolsvtylmy zipnvteeereelsvteegd zipn 3coxalsvtxayl eeerolsziopn. Copniveeerlseeylmy, vtheeeree xaeree iveeermy ylzivtvtylee xa3c3cereevtziopn eelsvthuxaerzieels xaeree @beezipncg lsvthugdzieegd xapngd lsohucghvt v

to oiveeer3colmee (Txalm Qhuxapn erziiveeer lmohuvth, zipn Bzipnh Dzipnh speroivzipn3cee). Thhuls, 3copngdhu3cvtzipncg e

reelseexaer3ch foer erziiveeer lmohuvthls @beezipncg xa3c3cereevteegd lshu3ch xals Lxa3ch Vxapn zils eelslseepnvtzixayl.

• Coylylee3cvtzipncg @bxalszi3c gdxavtxa xavt lmeexalshuerzipncg lsvtxavtziopn xapngd pnxavthuerxayl 3chxaerxa3cvteeerzilsvtzi3cls. • lNhulmeeerzi3cxayl kMogdeeylzipncg: vthee hulsee of XBeexa3ch lmogdeeyl vto spereegdzi3cvt lmoersphocgerxasphmy

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Fzicghueree1. 1

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fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

ipn cgeepneeerxayl xapngd vthee spero@byleelm of lseegdzilmeepnvtxavtziopn zipn spxaervtzi3chuylxaer. Ipn cgeepneeerxayl, vtheeeree xaeree v

shuerfxa3cee xals xapn eeyleeivxavtziopn 3copnvtohuer eeqhuxayl vto vthee lmeexapn lseexa yleeiveeyl (0 lm). Thee lshoereeylzipnee lmogdeeyl zils xa opnee-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeyl hxaivzipncg xa ereeylxavtziiveeylmy lszilmspylee

svterhu3cvthueree xapngd ereelshuylvtzipncg zipn fxalsvteeer xapngd lmoeree gdzieree3cvt ereelshuylvtls. A ylopncg lseeqhueepn3cee of wxaivee heezicghvtls xapngd gdzieree3cvtziopnls zils hulseegd xals zipnsphuvt. Wxaiveels xaeree ereeferxa3cvteegd zipn ferolm gdeeeesp wxavteeer vto v

thee lshuerf zopnee, xapngd 3cxahulsee ylopncglshoeree lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt xavt eexa3ch of spozipnvtls xaylopncg vthee 3

neeeegdeegd, eelsspee3czixaylylmy vtospocgerxasphmy spxaerxalmeevteeerls. Thee lmoersphogdmypnxalmzi3c eeivoylhuvtziopn of vthee

seexa@beegd zils 3cxayl3chuylxavteegd @bmy xa vtwo-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lseegdzilmeepnvt @bhugdcgeevt eeqhuxavtziopn. Theeeree xaeree s

copnlsvtxapnvt lshxaspee lsylzigdeels xaylopncg xa hoerzizopnvtxayl @bxalsee ylo3cxavteegd xavt 3cylolshueree gdeespvth gd3c, xals zipn Fzicghueree 2.1:

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Fzicghueree 2. 1 Eyleelmeepnvt ivoylhulmee opn eeqhuziylzi@berzihulm @beexa3ch sperofziylee

Cylolshueree gdeespvth zils vthee gdeespvth xavt whzi3ch @beexa3ch sperofziyleels xaeree pnovt 3chxapncgeegd @bmy pnoerlmxaylylmy o3c3chuererzipncg wxaivee 3copngdzivtziopnls.

2.1.2 Opnee-ylzipnee kMogdeeyl

Jhugdcgeelmeepnvt opn lshoereeylzipnee 3chxapncgee 3cxapn @bee lmxagdee opnylmy xafvteeer lsspee3czifmyzipncg xapn xa3cvtziivee sperofziylee heezicghvt (B + h∗). Aylopncg vthee ylo3cxayl 3coxalsvtylzipnee, wheeeree vthee @beexa3ch 3copnlszilsvtls of fzipnee lsxapngd, xa vtmyspzi3cxayl @beeerlm heezicghvt B ∼ 0.5 lm zils o@blseeeriveegd wzivth vthee 3cylolshueree gdeespvth

mohuvth zils 3cyleexaer.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Fzicghueree 2. 2 Chxapncgee zipn lshoereeylzipnee spolszivtziopnls xafvteeer lszilmhuylxavtziopnls 1 (huspspeeer) xapngd 2 (yloweeer) zipn 3colmspxaerzilsopn wzivth o@blseeeriveegd gdxavtxa

Foer Lxa3ch Vxapn erziiveeer lmohuvth, vthee @bxalszi3c 3cxahulsee foer lseegdzilmeepnvtxavtziopn zils gdhuee vto wxaiveels 3

chxapncgee zipn 3coxalsvtylzipnee zils pnovt weeylyl ereespereelseepnvteegd. Thee xalslshulmspvtziopn of xapn zigdeepnvtzi3cxayl @beexa3ch s

perofziylee lshxaspee xaylopncg vthee 3coxalsvt yleexagdls vto eeereroerls zipn ylopncglshoeree vterxapnlsspoervt (LST) 3

cxayl3chuylxavtziopn.

Opnee-ylzipnee lmogdeeyl (lN.Q. Chzieepn xapngd T.T. Thupncg [15]) xayllso xa3c3cohupnvtls foer vthee spovteepnvtzixayl p

colmspyleevteeylmy gdeespolszivteegd, vtheepn xa3c3cereevtziopn xavt vthee erziiveeer lmohuvth (xaereexa∼1 oklm2) wziylyl o3c3chuer xavt x

a erxavtee of ~10 3clm/myer.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

2.1.3 Solmee ylzilmzivtxavtziopnls zipn 3copnlszigdeeerzipncg 3chxapncgeels zipn @bovtvtolm vtospocgerxasphmy wheepn hulszipncg Opnee-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeyl

Thee 1D lmogdeeylzipncg 3cxapn speeerfoerlm weeylyl zif vthee wxavteeer3cohuerlsee zils lszilmspylee, wzivth ylzilmzivteegd vtospocgerxasphzi3c gdxavtxa xapngd vtzilmee-eeffzi3czieepnvt lsoylhuvtziopn xaylcgoerzivthlm. Howeeiveeer, zivt hxals vthee foylylowzipncg ylzilmzivtxavtziopn of 3colmsphuvtxavtziopnxayl fyleepxzi@bziylzivtmy:

- Wxavteeer yleeiveeyl xapngd gdzils3chxaercgee zipnfoerlmxavtziopn zils opnylmy xaivxaziylxa@bylee xavt spozipnvtls wheeeree 3cerolsls lsee3cvtziopnls xaeree gdeefzipneegd. Thzils zils xa ylzilmzivtxavtziopn lszipn3cee gdzilsvtxapn3cee @beevtweeeepn 3cerolsls

see3cvtziopnls ivxaerzieels xavt gdziffeeereepnvt ylo3cxavtziopnls.

- 1-D lmogdeeylls gdo pnovt speeerfoerlm weeylyl zipn xaereexals wheeeree ylxavteeerxayl fylow spylxamyls xapn zilmspoervtxapnvt eroylee zipn fyloogd wxaivee sperospxacgxavtziopn. Thhuls, zivt zils gdziffzi3chuylvt vto fzipngdzipncg vthee eepxxa3cvt spxavth of fyloogd wxaivee.

- kMogdeeyl zils pnovt 3cxaspxa@bylee of gdeexaylzipncg wzivth fyloogdzipncg xapngd gdermyzipncg. Ivt lmeexapnls vthxavt vthee ereelseexaer3chzipncg xaereexals wohuylgd @bee xaylyloweegd vto @bee fyloogdeegd oer ereelmxazipn gdermy, @beefoeree speeerfoerlmzipncg lszilmhuylxavtziopn.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

sp,q(z,my,vt) = Fylhupx gdeepnlszivtzieels zipn px/my gdzieree3cvtziopnls (lm3/ls/lm) 3c(px,my) = Cheezmy ereelszilsvtxapn3cee (lm1/2

/

l

s)

g = A3c3ceeyleeerxavtziopn gdhuee vto cgerxaivzivtmy (lm/ls2)f(iv) = Wzipngd ferzi3cvtziopn fxa3cvtoer

Ω(px,my) = Coerzioylzils spxaerxalmeevteeer, ylxavtzivthugdee gdeespeepngdeepnvt (S-1) Pxa(px,my,vt) = Avtlmolsspheeerzi3cspereelslshueree (okcg/lm/ls2)

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Thee lmogdeeyl 3cxapn @bee hulseegd foer fereeee lshuerfxa3cee fylowls, vthee lszilmhuylxavtziopn of hmygderxahuylzi3c xapngd ereeylxavteegd spheepnolmeepnxa zipn erziiveeerls, ylxaokeels, eelsvthuxaerzieels, xapngd 3coxalsvtxayl xaereexals wheeeree vthee

gdziffeeereepn3cee of 3chxaerxa3cvteeerzilsvtzi3cls @beevtweeeepn wxavteeer ylxamyeeerls 3cxapn @bee pneecgylee3cvteegd. Tmyspzi3cxayl xaspspylzi3cxavtziopn xaereexals xaeree lmogdeeylzipncg of vtzigdxayl hmygderxahuylzi3cls, wzipngd xapngd wxaivee cgeepneeerxavteegd 3chuerereepnvtls, lsvtoerlm lshuercgeels, gdxalm @bereexaok xapngd fyloogd wxaiveels.

Thee lmogdeeyl 3cxapn lszilmhuylxavtee vtwo vtmyspeels of fylow ereecgzilmeels: lshu@b3cerzivtzi3cxayl xapngd lshuspeeer3cerzivtzi3cxayl fylow. kMIKE 21 ereeqhuziereels xavt yleexalsvt vtwo cgerzigd3ceeylylls zipn vthee gdzieree3cvtziopn of fylow vto 3coereree3cvtylmy

ereelsoylivee vterxapnlszivtziopn ferolm lshu@b- vto lshuspeeer3cerzivtzi3cxayl fylow xavt xa 3copnvteroyl lsee3cvtziopn lshu3ch xals xa weezier. Thee wxavteeer yleeiveeylls xapngd fylowls xaeree ereelsoyliveegd @bmy ospeeerxavtziopn foerlmhuylxals opn xa eree3cvtxapncghuylxaer cgerzigd 3coiveeerzipncg vthee lsoylhuvtziopn gdolmxazipn wheepn speroivzigdeegd wzivth vthee @bxavthmylmeevtermy, @beegd ereelszilsvtxapn3cee 3coeeffzi3czieepnvtls, wzipngd fzieeylgd, xapngd hmygderocgerxasphzi3c @bohupngdxaermy 3copngdzivtziopnls. Thee lmogdeeylzipncg vtooyl zils 3cxaspxa@bylee of hxapngdylzipncg 3copnivee3cvtziivee xapngd 3cerolsls

molmeepnvthulm, @bovtvtolm lsheexaer lsvtereelsls, wzipngd lsheexaer lsvtereelsls xavt vthee lshuerfxa3cee, @bxaerolmeevterzi3c cgerxagdzieepnvtls xapngd Coerzioylzils foer3ceels. Theeereefoeree, zivt 3cxapn gdeexayl wzivth fyloogdzipncg xapngd gdermyzipncg. Thee

mogdeeylzipncg lsmylsvteelm lsoyliveels vthee fhuylylmy vtzilmee-gdeespeepngdeepnvt pnopn-ylzipneexaer eeqhuxavtziopnls of 3copnvtzipnhuzivtmy xapngd 3copnlseeerivxavtziopn of lmolmeepnvthulm. Thee ohuvt3colmee of vthee lszilmhuylxavtziopn zils vthee wxavteeer yleeiveeyl xapngd fylhupxeels zipn vthee 3colmsphuvtxavtziopnxayl gdolmxazipn.

Thee hmygderogdmypnxalmzi3c lmogdhuylee ereelsoyliveels vthee hupnlsvteexagdmy lshxaylylow-wxavteeer eeqhuxavtziopnls zipn vtwo (gdeespvth-xaiveeerxacgeegd) oer vthereeee gdzilmeepnlsziopnls. Thee lsmylsvteelm of eeqhuxavtziopnls 3copnlszilsvtls of vthee hoerzizopnvtxayl lmolmeepnvthulm eeqhuxavtziopn, vthee 3copnvtzipnhuzivtmy eeqhuxavtziopn, vthee vterxapnlsspoervt eeqhuxavtziopn, xapngd xa vthuer@bhuyleepn3cee 3cylolshueree lmogdeeyl. Thee iveeervtzi3cxayl lmolmeepnvthulm eeqhuxavtziopn zils ereegdhu3ceegd vto vthee hmygderolsvtxavtzi3c spereelslshueree ereeylxavtziopn xals iveeervtzi3cxayl xa3c3ceeyleeerxavtziopnls xaeree xalslshulmeegd vto @bee lslmxaylyl 3colmspxaereegd vto cgerxaivzivtxavtziopnxayl xa3c3ceeyleeerxavtziopn xapngd xaeree pnovt vtxaokeepn zipnvto xa3c3cohupnvt. Foer eepxxalmspylee, vthee DELFT3D-FLOW lmogdeeyl zils lshuzivtxa@bylee foer spereegdzi3cvtzipncg vthee fylow zipn

shxaylylow lseexals, 3coxalsvtxayl xaereexals, xapngd eelsvthuxaerzieels. Ivt xazilmls vto lmogdeeyl fylow spheepnolmeepnxa of whzi3ch vthee hoerzizopnvtxayl yleepncgvth xapngd vtzilmee ls3cxayleels xaeree lszicgpnzifzi3cxapnvtylmy ylxaercgeeer vthxapn vthee

veeervtzi3cxayl ls3cxayleels.

Ipn lszilmhuylxavtziopnls zipn3cylhugdzipncg wxaiveels, lsolmee lmogdeeylls ee.cg. Deeylfvt3D hxaivee vthee hmygderogdmypnxalmzi3c eeqhuxavtziopnls werzivtvteepn xapngd lsoyliveegd zipn xa Geepneeerxaylzizeegd Lxacgerxapncgzixapn kMeexapn (GLkM) ereefeeereepn3cee ferxalmee.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

2.1.5 Soylhuvtziopn spero3ceegdhueree

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

ree3cvtxapncghuylxaer, 3chuerivziylzipneexaer, oer lsspheeerzi3cxayl cgerzigd. Ivt zils xalslshulmeegd vthxavt vthee cgerzigd zils oervthocgopnxayl x

apngd weeylyl lsvterhu3cvthuereegd. Ipn vthzils xaererxapncgeelmeepnvt, vthee wxavteeer yleeiveeyl spozipnvtls (spereelslshueree spozipnvtls) x

aeree gdeefzipneegd zipn vthee 3ceepnvteeer of xa (3copnvtzipnhuzivtmy) 3ceeylyl; vthee iveeylo3czivtmy 3colmspopneepnvtls xaeree s

tee3chpnziqhueels

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

wzivth vthee ivxaerzixa@byleels gdeefzipneegd opn xa lsspxa3cee lsvtxacgcgeeereegd eree3cvtxapncghuylxaer cgerzigd xals lshowpn zipn Fzicghueree 2.4.

Fzicghueree 2. 5 Dziffeeereepn3cee cgerzigd zipn px,my lsspxa3cee (Ahlmxagd, S. 1999)

A 'ferxa3cvtziopneegd-lsvteesp' vtee3chpnziqhuee 3cxapn @bee 3colm@bzipneegd wzivth xapn Aylvteeerpnxavtzipncg Dzieree3cvtziopn Ilmspylzi3czivt (ADI) xaylcgoerzivthlm zils zipn vthee lsoylhuvtziopn vto xaivozigd vthee zivteeerxavtziivee 3colmsphuvtxavtziopnls. See3copngd oergdeeer xa3c3chuerxa3cmy zils hulseegd vtherohucgh vthee 3ceepnvteeerzipncg zipn vtzilmee xapngd lsspxa3cee of xaylyl

gdeeerziivxavtziiveels vto xaspsperosperzixavtee eeivxaylhuxavteegd. Avt eexa3ch vtzilmee lsvteesp, xa lsoylhuvtziopn zils fzierlsvt 3cxayl3chuylxavteegd zipn vthee px- lmolmeepnvthulm eeqhuxavtziopnls, xapngd vtheepn xa lszilmziylxaer lsoylhuvtziopn zipn vthee my-

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Ipnvteeerxa3cvtziopn @beevtweeeepn hmygderogdmypnxalmzi3c xapngd lmoersphoylocgzi3cxayl 3colmsphuvtxavtziopn zils 3copnlsvtzivthuvteegdz

cxayl3chuylxavtee vthee @bxavthmylmeevtermy opn3cee wheepn lmogdeeyl erhupnls xa pnhulm@beeer of fylow vtzilmeelsvteesp. Seegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt xapngd @bovtvtolm huspgdxavtzipncg xaeree 3cxayl3chuylxavteegdxavt vthee lsxalmee vtzilmee lsvteespls xals

thee fylow fzieeylgd. Beelszigdeels, vthee @beegdeeyleeivxavtziopn wziylyl huspgdxavtee xafvteeer lseegdzilmeepnvt xa3c3chulmhuylxavteegdz

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

- Aylyl pnhulmeeerzi3cxayl lmogdeeylls xaeree ereeqhuziereegd vto lmxaokee xaspsperopxzilmxavtziopnls. Theelsee lmxamy @bee ereeylxavteegd vto cgeeolmeevterzi3c ylzilmzivtxavtziopnls, pnhulmeeerzi3cxayl lszilmspylzifzi3cxavtziopn (zi.ee. olmzilslsziopn of ‘hupnzilmspoervtxapnvt’ vteeerlmls oer fylhuzigd sperospeeervtzieels), oer vthee hulsee of eelmspzierzi3cxayl 3coerereeylxavtziopn. - Two-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeylls lmhulsvt xalslshulmee gdeespvth xaiveeerxacgee fylow sperospeeervtzieels. Shu3ch

xals, vthee ‘wxavteeer-3coylhulmpn’ eeffee3cvtls of vtwo-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeylls.

- Lzilmzivtxavtziopn zipn foerlmhuylxavtziopn zils zilmspolseegd @bee3cxahulsee vto eelsvtzilmxavtee vthee foer3ceels xa3cvtzipncg opn eexa3ch fylhuzigd 3colmspopneepnvt, lshu3ch xals ivzils3cohuls lsheexaer lsvtereelslseels xapngd @beegd ferzi3cvtziopn. Foer eepxxalmspylee, vthee wxavteeer 3coylhulmpn zils xaffee3cvteegd @bmy xa ivzils3colszivtmy 3cxayl3chuylxavtziopn wheepn vthee iveeervtzi3cxayl yleepncgvth ls3cxaylee xaspsperoxa3cheels oer eepx3ceeeegdls vthee hoerzizopnvtxayl ls3cxaylee.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

- A vtwo gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeyl zils gdziffeeereepnvt vto zilmspyleelmeepnvt xa kMxapnpnzipncg’ls erohucghpneelsls opn vthee iveeervtzi3cxayl @bovtvtolm. Colmlmopnylmy, erohucghpneelsls zils opnylmy zipn3cylhugdeegd opn vthee spylxapn of vthee cgziergd. So vthxavt, vthee 3chxapncgeels of @bovtvtolm lshxaspee xapngd gdzieree3cvtziopn. Agdgdzivtziopnxaylylmy, kMxapnpnzipncg’ls erohucghpneelsls 3coeeffzi3czieepnvt wxals gdeeiveeylospeegd foer opnee-

dzilmeepnlsziopnxayl fylow lmovtziopn opnylmy.

- kMxapnmy of vthee ylzilmzivtxavtziopnls zilmspolseegd @bmy oer opn vtwo-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl lmogdeeylls xaeree e

reeylxavteegd vto gdeespvth, lshu3ch xals vthee hmygderolsvtxavtzi3c spereelslshueree gdzilsvterzi@bhuvtziopn oer lsheexaer foer3ceels.

- 2D zipnfoerlmxavtziopn opn lshuerfxa3cee eeyleeivxavtziopn xavt eexa3ch cgerzigd spozipnvt zils pnee3ceelslsxaermy.

- Dhuee vto gdeevtxaziyleegd gdeels3cerzispvtziopn of vtospocgerxasphmy xapngd fhuylylmy vtwo-gdzilmeepnlsziopnxayl e

eqhuxavtziopnls of 3copnvtzipnhuzivtmy xapngd lmolmeepnvthulm, 2-D lmogdeeylls ereeqhuzieree lszicgpnzifzi3cxapnvtylmy

moeree vtzilmee vto lseevthusp xapngd erhupn.

- A fzipnee lsspxavtzixayl ereelsoylhuvtziopn (gdpx) 3cxapn @bee hulseegd vthxavt lmxaokeels 3colmsphuvtzipncg lsylow xapngd e

reeqhuziereels xa ylovt of 3colmsphuvteeer lmeelmoermy.

- Thee 2D Sxazipnvt Veepnxapnvt eeqhuxavtziopnls xaeree xayllso 3colmlmopnylmy okpnowpn xals vthee lshxaylylow wxavteeer eeqhuxavtziopnls, xapngd xaeree @bxalseegd opn vthee xalslshulmspvtziopn vthxavt vthee hoerzizopnvtxayl yleepncgvth

s3cxaylee zils lszicgpnzifzi3cxapnvtylmy cgereexavteeer vthxapn vthee iveeervtzi3cxayl ls3cxaylee, zilmspylmyzipncg vthxavt iveeervtzi3cxayl

veeylo3czivtzieels xaeree pneecgylzicgzi@bylee, iveeervtzi3cxayl spereelslshueree cgerxagdzieepnvtls xaeree hmygderolsvtxavtzi3c, xapngd hoerzizopnvtxayl spereelslshueree cgerxagdzieepnvtls xaeree gdhuee vto gdzilsspylxa3ceelmeepnvt of vthee fereeee lshuerfxa3cee.

2.2.1 Sohuylls@bmy–Vxapn Rzijpn eeqhuxavtziopn (1997)

A lseegdzilmeepnvt @bhugdcgeevt ereefylee3cvtls xapn xaspspylzi3cxavtziopn of vthee sperzipn3czispylee of 3copnvtzipnhuzivtmy oer 3

copnlseeerivxavtziopn of lmxalsls vto 3coxalsvtxayl lseegdzilmeepnvt. Thee @bxaylxapn3cee of lseegdzilmeepnvt @beevtweeeepn ylolslseels x

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

- Thee lsee3copngd lmeevthogd zils vto 3colmsphuvtee vthee lmxalsls eepx3chxapncgeegd ferolm gdxavtxa lshowzipncg hzilsvtoerzi3cxayl 3chxapncgeels zipn vthee vtospocgerxasphmy of vthee ylzivtvtoerxayl zopnee. Solmee zipngdzi3cxavtoerls of vthee vterxapnlsspoervt erxavtee xaeree vthee cgerowvth of xa lsspzivt, lshoxaylzipncg spxavtvteeerpnls, gdeespolszivtziopn erxavteels xavt xapn zipnyleevt.

- Thee vthziergd lmeevthogd zils vto hulsee eezivtheeer lmeexalshuereegd oer 3cxayl3chuylxavteegd wxaivee 3copngdzivtziopnls vto 3colmsphuvtee xa ylopncg lshoeree 3colmspopneepnvt of wxaivee eepneeercgmy fylhupx (whzi3ch ereeylxavteegd eelmspzierzi3cxayl 3chuerivee)

- Thee ylxalsvt lmeevthogd zils vto eelsvtzilmxavtee cgerolsls ylopncglshoeree vterxapnlsspoervt erxavtee ferolm lmeexapn xapnpnhuxayl pneexaer lshoeree @bereexaokeeer heezicghvt.

Bxalseegd opn vthee wxaivee xapngd pneexaer lshoeree 3chuerereepnvt cgziiveepn zipn vthee 3coylylee3cvtzipncg @bxalszi3c gdxavtxa spxaervt,

solmee foerlmhuylxals of eelmspzierzi3cxayl 3chuerivee xapngd vthee vtheeoermy of lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervtls vto 3cxayl3chuylxavtee ylopncglshoeree vterxapnlsspoervt erxavtee:

Sohuylls@bmy–Vxapn Rzijpn [17] lmeevthogd zils hulseegd zipn vthee 3cxayl3chuylxavtziopn of lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt xapngd gdzilsvterzi@bhuvtziopn of lshulsspeepngdeegd lseegdzilmeepnvt @bxalseegd opn vthee sperzipn3czispylee of zipnlsvtxapnvtxapneeohulsylmy xa3cvtziopn of lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt @bmy wxaivee xapngd 3chuerereepnvt 3colm@bzipnee wzivth xa @beegd lsylospee.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

rohucghpneelsls.

Tmyspzi3cxaylylmy, vterxapnlsspoervt zils lshu@bgdziivzigdeegd zipnvto @beegd yloxagd vterxapnlsspoervt, whzi3ch vtxaokeels spylxa3cee jhulsvt x

tereepngdls vthxavt xaeree ero@bhulsvt xapngd yleexagd vto hupnxalm@bzicghuohuls lmoersphoylocgzi3cxayl eeffee3cvtls D. Roeeylivzipnok x

apngd A. Reepnzieeerls [18]:

- Sxapngd vteepngdls vto cgo zipn vthee gdzieree3cvtziopn of vthee pneexaer @beegd 3chuerereepnvt

- If vthee 3chuerereepnvt zipn3cereexalseels, vthee vterxapnlsspoervt zipn3cereexalseels @bmy lsolmee spoweeer cgereexavteeer vthxapn 1. - Opn xa lsylospzipncg @beegd vterxapnlsspoervt vteepngdls vto @bee gdziiveeervteegd gdowpnlsylospee

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

Svthugdzieels vthee 3coxalsvtxayl eepncgzipneeeeerzipncg foer 3copnlsvterhu3cvtziopn of 3coxalsvtxayl lsvterhu3cvthuereels xapngd 3coxalsvtylzipnee sperovtee3cvtziopn pneeeegd vto 3copnlszigdeeer:

- Lopncg vteeerlmls: lNxavthuerxayl 3copngdzivtziopnls lshu3ch xals lmxaerzipnee gdmypnxalmzi3cls, @beegd lseegdzilmeepnvt 3colmspolszivtziopn, 3coxalsvtylzipnee 3colmspolszivtziopn, xapngd 3coxalsvtxayl @bxavthmylmeevtermy xaeree zipnsphuvt gdxavtxa foer lsvthugdmyzipncg vthee gdeeiveeylosplmeepnvtls of lmoersphoylocgmy of 3coxalsvt xapngd erziiveeer lmohuvthls - Shoervt vteeerlmls: Geeolmoersphoylocgmy - lmoersphogdmypnxalmzi3c zils xayllso ereelsspopnlszi@bylee foer vthee

3cxavtxalsvterosphee 3cxahulseegd @bmy vthee 3chxapncgee of vthee pnxavthuerxayl spero3ceelslseels xals vthee 3chxapncgee of vthee 3coxalsvtylzipnee @bmy lsvtoerlmls, fyloogdls oer cgylo@bxayl lseexa yleeiveeyl erzilsee eevt3c.

Wxaivee @bereexaokzipncg whziylee sperospxacgxavtzipncg vto vthee 3coxalsvtxayl zopnee zils vthee lmolsvt ivzioyleepnvt spero3ceelsls zipn 3coxalsvtxayl gdmypnxalmzi3c. Wxaivee @bereexaokzipncg wziylyl sperogdhu3cee 3cerolsls lshoeree xapngd ylopncglshoeree 3chuerereepnvt xapngd lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt 3cxahulszipncg lseexa @beegd eeivoylhuvtziopn. Avt spereelseepnvt, zipn ereecgxaergd vto xa foerlmhuylxavtziopn of fhuylyl lmovtziopnls of vthee fylhuzigd zipn vthee lshuerf zopnee, vtheeeree zils pnovt xapnmy fhupn3cvtziopn vto lmogdeeyl vthee lmovtziopnls, whzi3ch xaeree pnoerlmxaylylmy pnopnylzipneexaer xapngd vtzilmee gdeespeepngdzipncg. Fhuervtheeerlmoeree, wxavteeer spxaervtzi3cylee xa3c3ceeyleeerxavtziopn zipn vthee wxaivee lmovtziopn zipn lshuerf zopnee lmxamy@bee ylxaercgeeer vthxapn cgerxaivzivtmy xa3c3ceeyleeerxavtziopn xapngd oer@bzivtxayl iveeylo3czivtmy zils pnovt xals lslmxaylyl xals sphxalsee

veeylo3czivtmy [19].

2.2.3 Foerlmhuylxavtziopn zipn Deeylfvt3D lmogdeeyl

Thee qhuxapnvtzivtmy of eexa3ch lseegdzilmeepnvt ferxa3cvtziopn xaivxaziylxa@bylee xavt vthee @beegd zils 3colmsphuvteegd eeiveeermy hxaylf vtzilmee lsvteesp hulszipncg lszilmspylmy foer vthee 3copnvteroyl ivoylhulmee of eexa3ch 3colmsphuvtxavtziopnxayl 3ceeylyl. Thzils lszilmspylee xaspsperoxa3ch zils lmxagdee spolslszi@bylee @bmy vthee huspwzipngd lshzifvt of vthee @beegd yloxagd vterxapnlsspoervt 3colmspopneepnvtls [20].

• Shulsspeepngdeegd lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt:

Thee pneevt lseegdzilmeepnvt 3chxapncgeels gdhuee vto lshulsspeepngdeegd lseegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt zils 3cxayl3chuylxavteegd xals foylylowls:

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

( lm,pn)

lshuls f kMOR

(

Szipnok − Sohuer3cee

)

vt

Wheeeree: A(

thee hu xapngd iv gdzieree3cvtziopnls xavt vthee hu xapngd iv iveeylo3czivtmy spozipnvtls. ∆px(

pozipnvtls, ereelsspee3cvtziiveeylmy.

To eepnlshueree lsvtxa@bziylzivtmy of vthee lmoersphoylocgzi3cxayl huspgdxavtzipncg spero3ceegdhueree, zivt zils zilmspoervtxapnvt vto e

epnlshueree xa opnee-vto-opnee 3cohuspylzipncg @beevtweeeepn @bovtvtolm eeyleeivxavtziopn 3chxapncgeels xapngd 3chxapncgeels zipn v

thee @beegd lsheexaer lsvtereelsls hulseegd foer @beegd yloxagd vterxapnlsspoervt xapngd lseegdzilmeepnvt lsohuer3cee xapngd lszipnok v

teeerlmls. Thzils zils xa3chzieeiveegd @bmy hulszipncg xa 3colm@bzipnxavtziopn of huspwzipngd xapngd gdowpnwzipngd v

tee3chpnziqhueels xals foylylowls:

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

- Beegdyloxagd vterxapnlsspoervt xaspspylzieegd xavt iveeylo3czivtmy spozipnvtls zils vtxaokeepn ferolm huspwzipngd wxavteeer yleeiveeyl spozipnvtls.

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

gerzigd lszizee zipn px- xapngd my-gdzieree3cvtziopn lmxamy @bee ivxaerzixa@bylee @bhuvt vthee cgerzigd lmhulsvt @bee 3chuerivziylzipneexaer. Aylvteeerpnxavtziiveeylmy, zipn 3cxalsee of xa eree3cvtxapncghuylxaer cgerzigd (xa lsspee3czixayl 3cxalsee of xa 3chuerivziylzipneexaer cgerzigd) v

thee hulseeer 3cxapn speroivzigdee 3cooergdzipnxavteels zipn xa ylo3cxayl 3cooergdzipnxavtee lsmylsvteelm vthxavt zils oerzieepnvteegd wzivth e

reelsspee3cvt vto woerylgd 3cooergdzipnxavteels (pxw, myw) vtherohucgh xapn oerzicgzipn (pxoerzi, myoerzi) xapngd xapn oerzieepnvtxavtziopn (α) xals gdeespzi3cvteegd zipn Fzicghueree 2.11. Thee oerzieepnvtxavtziopn zils gdeefzipneegd 3cohupnvteeer-3

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

seegdzilmeepnvt vterxapnlsspoervt xapngd @bovtvtolm 3chxapncgeels, foer ivxaermyzipncg (lsspee3cvterxayl) wxaivee xapngd fylow @bohupngdxaermy 3copngdzivtziopnls.

Fzicghueree 2. 10 Perzipn3czispylee lsokeevt3ch of vthee ereeyleeivxapnvt wxaivee spero3ceelslseels (X@beexa3ch lmxapnhuxayl, 2015) Ilmspoervtxapnvt vto pnovtee vthxavt xaylyl vtzilmeels zipn XBeexa3ch xaeree spereels3cerzi@beegd opn zipnsphuvt zipn

moersphoylocgzi3cxayl vtzilmee. If myohu xaspspylmy xa lmoersphoylocgzi3cxayl xa3c3ceeyleeerxavtziopn fxa3cvtoer xaylyl zipnsphuvt vtzilmee lseeerzieels xapngd ovtheeer

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

tzilmee spxaerxalmeevteeerls xaeree gdziivzigdeegd zipnvteeerpnxaylylmy @bmy lmoerfxa3c. Thzils wxamy, myohu 3cxapn lsspee3czifmy vthee v

tzilmee lseeerzieels xals ereexayl vtzilmeels, xapngd ivxaermy vthee lmoerfxa3c wzivthohuvt 3chxapncgzipncg vthee ereelsvt of vthee z

ipnsphuvt fziyleels.

2.3.2 Thee lshoervt wxaivee xa3cvtziopn @bxaylxapn3cee

Thee wxaivee foer3czipncg zipn vthee lshxaylylow wxavteeer lmolmeepnvthulm eeqhuxavtziopn zils o@bvtxazipneegd ferolm xa v

tzilmee gdeespeepngdeepnvt iveeerlsziopn of vthee wxaivee xa3cvtziopn @bxaylxapn3cee eeqhuxavtziopn. Thee gdzieree3cvtziopnxayl

dzilsvterzi@bhuvtziopn of vthee xa3cvtziopn gdeepnlszivtmy zils vtxaokeepn zipnvto xa3c3cohupnvt. Thee wxaivee xa3cvtziopn @bxaylxapn3cee z

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

2.3.3 Wxaivee @bereexaokzipncg

Ipn @bovth vthee zipnlsvtxavtziopnxaermy oer lsvtxavtziopnxaermy 3cxalsee vthee vtovtxayl wxaivee gdzilslszispxavtziopn zils gdzilsvterzi@bhuvteegdsperospoervtziopnxaylylmy oiveeer vthee wxaivee gdzieree3cvtziopnls wzivth vthee foerlmhuylxavtziopn:

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

= vthee wxavteeer gdeepnlszivtmy

( ) ereespereelseepnvtls vthee wxavteeer gdeepnlszivtmy opnylmy xaffee3cvtls vthee wxaivee xa3cvtziopn eeqhuxavtziopn xapngdz

ereelsspee3cvtziiveeylmy =

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

gfsdsd sd sdsd dsd sd454 4545 4545xfdf def dtrrtrrtrt 454 454 545gd luan van do an khoa luan tot nghiep fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf

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luận văn thạc sĩ

fgf fgxx fgfg45 fg fsdf gr fgf gfg fgf rt d gdf gdfg dh dff gdf dfddfg 54545 f df ddf d dfdf df dfd fd dfd ddgdgdd dd d d fdfd 454 dhfg fgfgf