En42 dịch Đại cương Đề số 2

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<b>HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON BASICS OF TRANSLATION </b>

<small>FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 2) </small>Subject Code: EN42

Full name: Nguyễn Thị Hương LyDate of birth: 02/09/1989

Group: F319

<b>I. Answer the following questions: (40 points)</b>

<b>1. What is the relationship of meaning, style and culture in translation? </b>

The meaning of the vocabulary is a really important and significant role in the formation of language. Your vocabulary and the changes that come with time are a reflection of your culture and the changes it has undergone over the years. The relationship between language, style and culture is a key aspect of communication.

Within Nations and in a Nation there are several cultures. How does one define culture? Culture reflects the ways in which people behave. It is a pattern in which we analyse the behaviour, social habits, beliefs, traditions and customs. When we are trying to know more about the culture, language plays an important role and to understand language one needs translations as one might not know of the particular language.

<b> Language:</b>

Language here simply means the tie that keeps cultural significance on a loop. Language can also be classified as the complex system of communication that humans adapt varying from various cultural backgrounds. It makes for the most of the

communication system in any culture or we can say every culture.

<b>Relationship between culture, meaning and style:</b>

The meaning and the style of the documment started so that there is no communication gap between Nation-states and that there can be trade and cultural

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exchange. The idea was to promote understanding among these Nation-states. Translation as defined by Eugene Nida, an American translation theorist says;

translation consists in reproducing the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. When we talk of keeping the meaning intact and the style at place we imply that it should help a reader is able to connect to the text and understand the references in his own native language. Translation is highly influenced by cultural differences and the accuracy in any translated text is highly proportional to the knowledge the translator has of another culture. This implies that translation not only tests a translator’s linguistic ability, but also how much he/she knows of the target languages’ cultural background.

<b>2. Why do translators have to pay attention to a variety of cultural elements? </b>

Culture is a complex area where a translator of any language faces obstacles. Thetask of the translator is to deliver the same cultural aspects depicted in the source text to the Target Language audience or the readers. Therefore the awareness of the culture is an essential fact in translation; whatever the subfield it is, whether it is Literary, Religious, Legal or Technical.

Though there could be cultural references in most of the translation subfields except Science translation, one could see and analyze the connection between culture and translation in relation to Literary Translation, which includes novels, short stories, poetry, drama, classical prose and poetry and biographies. However, a translator acts as a mediator who carries the aspects and essence of the Source Culture to the Target Culture. The place where he faces difficulties is, finding the appropriate strategy for that task. So the translator should bridge the gap of two unknown cultures and create the passage for the Target Readers to understand and enjoy the Source Culture as the limitations permits. There are different types of cultures in each and every part of the world. For example European culture is totally different from Asian culture and Asian culture is different from African and so on. If a translator is confronted with a task of

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translating a text from European culture for the African Target Readers, he has to focus on not harming the original text and rendering the ideas using closest

approximate. There could be areas where culture shock occurs. The translator’s task is to lessen them as far as possible. In translating culture, the translators come across many unfamiliar words. As the researcher of the present paper is from Sri Lanka, which is an Asian country, some examples from Sinhalese and Tamil as well as from English could be given in presenting facts. For example words given below are unfamiliar to a Target Audience of another culture.

<b>II. Translation practice </b>

<b>1. Translate the following text into Vietnamese (30 points)</b>

Drucker was responsible for inventing one of the rational school of

management’s most successful products – “management by objectives”. In one of his most substantial works, The Practice of Management (1954), he emphasised the importance of managers and corporations setting clear long-term objectives and then translating those long-term objectives into more immediate goals. He argued that firms should have an elite corps of general managers, who set these long-term

objectives, and then a group of more specialised managers. For his critics, this was a retreat from his earlier emphasis on the soft side of management. For Drucker it was all perfectly consistent: if you rely too much on empowerment you risk anarchy, whereas if you rely too much on command-and-control you sacrifice creativity. The trick is for managers to set long-term goals, but then allow their employees to work out ways of achieving those goals. If Drucker helped make management a global industry, he also helped push it beyond its business base. He was emphatically a management thinker, not just a business one. He believed that management is “the defining organ of all modern institutions”, not just corporations.

<b>Translate:</b>

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Drucker chịu trách nhiệm phát minh ra một trong những trường phái quản lý thành công nhất của trường phái quản lý - “quản lý theo mục tiêu”. Trong một trong những tác phẩm quan trọng nhất của mình, The Practice of Management (1954), ông đã nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc các nhà quản lý và tập đoàn đặt ra các mục tiêudài hạn rõ ràng và sau đó chuyển các mục tiêu dài hạn đó thành các mục tiêu trước mắt hơn. Ơng cho rằng các cơng ty nên có một đội ngũ tổng giám đốc ưu tú, những người đặt ra các mục tiêu dài hạn này, và sau đó là một nhóm các nhà quản lý chuyên biệt hơn. Đối với những người chỉ trích ơng, đây là sự rút lui khỏi sự nhấn mạnh trướcđó của ông về khía cạnh mềm của quản lý. Đối với Drucker, tất cả đều hoàn toàn nhất quán: nếu bạn phụ thuộc quá nhiều vào trao quyền, bạn có nguy cơ vơ chính phủ, trong khi nếu bạn q phụ thuộc vào lệnh và kiểm soát, bạn sẽ mất khả năng sáng tạo.Bí quyết là các nhà quản lý đặt ra các mục tiêu dài hạn, nhưng sau đó cho phép nhân viên của họ tìm ra cách để đạt được các mục tiêu đó. Nếu Drucker đã giúp đưa quản lý trở thành một ngành cơng nghiệp tồn cầu, thì ơng cũng đã giúp đẩy nó ra ngồi cơ sở kinh doanh của mình. Ơng ấy thực sự là một nhà tư tưởng quản lý, không chỉ là một nhà kinh doanh. Ông tin rằng quản lý là "cơ quan xác định của tất cả các thể chế hiện đại", khơng chỉ là các tập đồn.

<b>2. Translate the following text into English (30 points) </b>

Việc cấp QR Code phải tự động toàn bộ, lái xe, chủ phương tiện chủ động cập nhật thơng tin nếu có sự thay đổi mà không cần phải làm lại hồ sơ. Bộ trưởng Thể cũng yêu cầu các địa phương thống nhất về cơng nhận kết quả xét nghiệm âm tính củaphương pháp RT-PCR và test nhanh, có hiệu lực trong 72h; không yêu cầu cấp giấy điđường đối với tài xế mà phương tiện đã được cấp giấy nhận diện. Tại cuộc họp, nhiều ý kiến phản ánh, sau khi một số địa phương áp dụng biện pháp giãn cách tăng cường, việc đi lại, vận chuyển hàng hóa đang có nhiều khó khăn. Trong đó, thành phố Cần Thơ đưa ra một số yêu cầu như phải đăng ký trước với ngành Cơng Thương, rồi phải trung chuyển hàng hóa trước khi đưa vào gây ảnh hưởng rất lớn đến nhu cầu luân chuyển, tiêu thụ hàng hóa, nhất là nông sản, thiết bị, vật tư y tế thiết yếu.

<b>Translate:</b>

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The issuance of QR Code must be fully automatic, drivers and vehicle owners actively update information if there is a change without having to redo the dossier. Minister The also requested localities to agree on the recognition of negative test results of RT-PCR and rapid test methods, valid for 72 hours; No road permit is required for drivers whose vehicle has been identified. At the meeting, many

comments reflected that after some localities applied enhanced distancing measures, traveling and transporting goods were facing many difficulties. In particular, Can Tho city has some requirements such as having to register with the Industry and Trade industry first, and then having to transship goods before being brought in, which greatly affects the demand for circulation and consumption of goods. are agricultural products, equipment and essential medical supplies.

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