HISTORY OF GLOBALIZTION pptx

HISTORY OF
HISTORY OF
GLOBALIZTION
GLOBALIZTION
&
&
ITS DIFFERENT
ITS DIFFERENT
DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
WHEN DID GLOBALIZATION BEGIN?
WHEN DID GLOBALIZATION BEGIN?

First group of humans left central Africa
First group of humans left central Africa
100,000 years ago, arriving in the
100,000 years ago, arriving in the
Mediterranean
Mediterranean

50,000 years ago, a second group
50,000 years ago, a second group
arrived in Asia
arrived in Asia

These were the first globalizers –
These were the first globalizers –
migrants before there were any
migrants before there were any
borders.
borders.


Thousands years ago, dispersed
Thousands years ago, dispersed
human being communities were
human being communities were
connected with simple acts like:
connected with simple acts like:
Trading of goods
Trading of goods
Sharing of experiences
Sharing of experiences
The desire to improve the taste of food
The desire to improve the taste of food
or to find luxuries like silk or precious stones
or to find luxuries like silk or precious stones
opened up
opened up
trade routes
trade routes
between Europe,
between Europe,
the Middle East, and Asia
the Middle East, and Asia
The Silk Road
Adventurers
Adventurers
like Marco Polo were fascinated
like Marco Polo were fascinated
by the new lands and people they would
by the new lands and people they would

encounter on their
encounter on their
travels
travels
Marco Polo
(1254 – 1324)
Fervor for the
Fervor for the
teachings of the Buddha
teachings of the Buddha
drove devotees from India to the east and
drove devotees from India to the east and
Chinese and other pilgrims to India
Chinese and other pilgrims to India
Chinese pilgrim Fa Hien’s travels
Boats such as this carried
Boats such as this carried
traders and pilgrims
traders and pilgrims
Carving on the wall of Borobudur, 8-9
Carving on the wall of Borobudur, 8-9
th
th
century
century


Christian missionaries traveled deep into
Christian missionaries traveled deep into
Africa to spread the Message of Christ

Africa to spread the Message of Christ


The search for spices spurred shipping and
The search for spices spurred shipping and
literally brought a ‘taste’ of Asia into
literally brought a ‘taste’ of Asia into
continental Europe.
continental Europe.
Black pepper
. . . and others
This combination of
This combination of
trade
trade
,
,
conquest
conquest
,
,
religion
religion
, and
, and
adventure
adventure
led to a
led to a
reconnecting of the Old World and the

reconnecting of the Old World and the
New
New
In the early stages of history the agents of
In the early stages of history the agents of
globalization were:
globalization were:

Traders
Traders

Preachers
Preachers

Adventurers
Adventurers

Soldiers
Soldiers
In the 18th and 19th centuries the process of
In the 18th and 19th centuries the process of
globalization received a series of boosts that
globalization received a series of boosts that
collapsed distances
collapsed distances
and
and
lowered transport costs
lowered transport costs


Steam Engine
Steam Engine



Steam ship
Steam ship

Airplane
Airplane
And also
And also
collapsing time
collapsing time
Telegraph
Telephone
Radio
Television
In 1858, the first trans-Atlantic telegram from
In 1858, the first trans-Atlantic telegram from
Queen Victoria to American President James Buchanan
Queen Victoria to American President James Buchanan


took 16 ½ hours to arrive.
took 16 ½ hours to arrive.
16 ½ Hours
The world was soon wired
The world was soon wired
Since then satellites have shrunk

Since then satellites have shrunk
the world further
the world further
The easy availability of technology
The easy availability of technology
has
has
shrunk time
shrunk time
and
and
cut cost
cut cost


3-minute call from New York To London
1930 $300 (in today’s prices)
2003 $0.08
1930
2003
And tariff barriers have been reduced –
And tariff barriers have been reduced –
thanks to
thanks to
multilateral trade arrangements
multilateral trade arrangements


like GATT, WTO and NAFTA
like GATT, WTO and NAFTA

In this new environment,
In this new environment,
new actors
new actors
have emerged
have emerged
to replace the traders, soldiers, missionaries and
to replace the traders, soldiers, missionaries and
adventurers of years past
adventurers of years past



63,000 multinational corporations
63,000 multinational corporations

23,000 NGOs
23,000 NGOs

UN agencies
UN agencies

IMF
IMF

WTO
WTO


World Bank
World Bank

Billions of consumers and tourists
Billions of consumers and tourists
In some ways, there have been real and
In some ways, there have been real and
tangible
tangible
benefits
benefits
to this reconnecting of
to this reconnecting of
humanity
humanity


Free trade
Free trade
and open economies have
and open economies have
spread
spread
prosperity
prosperity
Nguyen Hue flower street - 1980
Nguyen Hue flower street - 2007
In other ways, there have been
In other ways, there have been
certain

certain
downsides
downsides
of the process
of the process

Rich nations’ farm subsidies hurt poor
Rich nations’ farm subsidies hurt poor
farmers in the developing world
farmers in the developing world

US subsidizes 25,000 cotton growers
US subsidizes 25,000 cotton growers
with $2 billion subsidy
with $2 billion subsidy

In Africa poor cotton farmers lose
In Africa poor cotton farmers lose
$250 million in exports each year
$250 million in exports each year
Growth has come with inequality
Growth has come with inequality
Intensified globalization made the
Intensified globalization made the
difference
difference

Tourism and passenger jets transported
Tourism and passenger jets transported
the virus faster than steamboats and

the virus faster than steamboats and
trains in 1918
trains in 1918

World-wide network of health workers
World-wide network of health workers
quickly identified SARS and sequenced the
quickly identified SARS and sequenced the
genome of the virus
genome of the virus

Most importantly, a global institution –
Most importantly, a global institution –
WHO - was able to order quarantine of
WHO - was able to order quarantine of
affected areas
affected areas


Challenges notwithstanding, the drive
Challenges notwithstanding, the drive
to reconnect people all over the world
to reconnect people all over the world
will be quite
will be quite
hard to reverse
hard to reverse


The globalized world is like

The globalized world is like
a small boat
a small boat
We cannot “afford to ignore the condition of our fellow
We cannot “afford to ignore the condition of our fellow
passengers on this little boat. If they are sick, all of us risk
passengers on this little boat. If they are sick, all of us risk
infection. And if they are angry, all of us can easily get hurt.”
infection. And if they are angry, all of us can easily get hurt.”
- Kofi Annan
- Kofi Annan


WHAT HAVE LED TO GLOBALIZATION?
WHAT HAVE LED TO GLOBALIZATION?